Subject Index

abstract inessive markers 262 close vs. further participant 126 abstract inessive noun 261 clusters 3, 6 abstract IS 255-262 cognitive 8, 144, 178, 185, 187 abstract 260 cognitive domains 236, 243 accusative 119, 139 combination 251, 259, 261, 262 addressee 129, 131, 132, 138 conceptual space 244 adjunct 200, 201, 209, 213, 215-217 conceptualization 239 adpositions 4-6, 22, 40, 41, 59-61, 204, conditional clause connective 236 230 contact 134, 138 adverb 230, 237 contact with the action 122 affected 134, 140 continuum 202, 222 affix 230, 261 contrastive 202, 206, 211, 221-223 analogy 201, 215 current location 132, 137 andative 71, 73 cyclic 34 around 137 asymmetry 8, 176, 178, 181, 191, 192 dative 134, 137, 139 autonomous motion 75, 83, 87 dative constructions 123, 125, 128, 132 dative of place 138 back 121, 140 dative-like nouns 138 BACK-REGION 237, 238, 241, 243, 244 definite locative 199, 202, 208, 209, 223 Basic Meaning model 33 definite markers 222 benefactive 138 degree of generality 255, 260 binominal 214, 219, 221 deictic directionals 71 body part terms 229, 244, 245 deictic path 74 bounding 93 demonstrative and locative sememes 259 demonstrative locative word 258 case affix 41 demonstrative pronouns 249, 251, 256, case markers 41, 62 259, 260, 262 cases 39, 40 dependent-marking 41, 52, 61 cause of motion 77 derived spatial nominals 214 caused motion 75, 86 derived spatial NPs 206, 208, 219, 223, central participant 128 224 central vs. peripheral participant 126, 131 diachronic evolution 249 Chinese translations of Buddhist scriptures direct object 120, 123 257, 259 direct vs. indirect 139 choice of postposition 134 direct vs. indirect object 123 circumpositions 46, 47, 55, 199, 200, 202, directional 208, 210, 211, 214, 222, 223 203 directional complements 72 clitic morphemes 261 distinct demonstrative pronouns 256 clitics 199, 200 disyllabic 249, 250, 255

267 268 Subject Index disyllabic IDP 260 indirect object 123, 124, 128, 138 disyllabic localizers 16, 25, 27, 31 inessive demonstrative pronoun (IDP) disyllabic specific IDP 260 249, 251, 259, 261 double object 123, 127, 131 inessive demonstrative structure (IDS) 251 durative marker zhe 136 inessive meaning 262 inessive nouns 251, 255, 260 enclitics 6, 201, 205, 206, 211, 221, 223 inessive structure (IS) 251, 255, 256, 262 environmental landmarks 229, 230, 242, inside 103 245 intended recipient 126 evolution 249, 251, 260, 262 intra-sentence pausing marker 234, 241 evolution of Chinese vocabulary 250 intra-word component 235 expansion 218 intra-word morpheme 236 experiencer 129 left 111 Figure 5, 6, 155, 177, 231, 237, 238 lexicalization 260 frames of referenes (FoR) 99, 115 lexicalization of two postpositions 136 front 121, 140 lexicalized word 185 functional head 205, 221 listing 201, 206, 208, 211, 221-223 further 132 literary language 262 localizers 16, 17, 21, 24, 25, 27, 28, 31, 32 GDP 251, 259, 262 location 121, 126, 128, 131, 132, 136, 250, general abstract inessive noun 256 251, 254 general abstract IS 256, 260 location marker 135 general demonstrative pronouns 249 locative cases 137 general location 123 locative construction 199-201, 204-206, general locative 199, 201 208-211, 213, 215-218, 220, 222, 223 general point of reference 134 locative marker 119 general pronoun 256 locative noun 231, 235, 236 generic preposition 201, 205, 208, 213, locative particles 199, 200, 202 214 locative prepositions 17, 22, 136 genetic 3 locative term 229-231, 235, 237, 241, genitive 203, 204, 211, 213, 219 243-245 genitive construction 230 locative words 99 goal-oriented 72 goal 73, 78, 134, 138, 179 main clause 232, 240 grammaticalization 4 ,6, 8, 25, 28, 31,32, manner of motion 77 43, 46, 54, 63, 64,158, 181, 199, 201, marker of locality 250, 260 205, 211, 213, 217, 220, 221, 229, metaphor 236-238 259-261 metonymy 236-239, 241, 245 Ground 70, 77, 155, 231, 237, 238, 239 modern Chinese grammar 258 monosyllabic demonstrative pronoun 249 head-marking 41, 52, 60, 62 monosyllabic GDP 250, 259 horizontal time 189, 191, 192 monosyllabic localizers 16, 23, 25, 27, 33 host-class 201, 218 morphological cases 41, 42, 47, 61, 65 hypothetical conditional connective 233 morphologization 261 hypothetical marker 235 morphology 3, 6 motion verbs 5, 8, 185, 192 iconicity 144 motional situations 231, 238 inchoative 178 moving ego 187, 191 indirect beneficiary 130 moving time 187, 188 Subject Index 269 multi-syllabic constraint 199, 200, 202, relator principle 39, 51, 52, 61, 63, 64 206, 208, 210, 213-215, 217-220, 222, renewal 199, 202, 211, 218 223 resultative 6 resultative verb compounds 178 near/around 136 right 111, 112 nondeictic path 77 non-discrete categories 199, 223 satellite-framed 42, 70 noun 230, 232, 241 selectional restriction 200, 201, 205, 206, 208, 211, 221-223 object markers 131, 134, 137 semantic change 32 object of preposition 131 semantic map 243, 244 object-locative affinity 137 semantic-pragmatic 218 obviative pronoun 256 semantic-pragmatic expansion 221 on 137 serial verb constructions 4, 8, 176, 177, on vs. around 121, 122, 135, 139 192 oracle-bone inscriptions 249 side 109 oral languages 143 sign languages 5, 6, 143, 189 outside 106, 108 single object 128, 131 Sinitic languages 15 part-whole relation 212, 221 S-languages 5, 70, 176, 178 path satellites 72 source 123, 126 paths 137 source model 229, 230, 241, 244, 245 pathways 139 source-oriented 72 pausing marker 234, 235, 241, 244 space 1, 7 personal pronouns 249 spatial concept 231 place names 16, 24, 202, 205, 206, 208, spatial grams 230, 242 213, 214, 218, 219, 223, 224 spatial nominals 201, 205, 208, 211, place words 16 213-215, 217-223 polysyllabic 255 spatial NPs 42, 53-58, 60-63, 200, 201, postpositions 6,7, 40, 41, 43, 46-51, 55, 206, 208, 213, 218, 222 59, 61-63, 120, 139, 199, 200, 202- spatial preposition 201, 218 204, 211, 215, 223, 232, 234, 236 spatial references 205, 208 pragmatic 200, 202, 211, 224 specific abstract IS 260 pragmatic inference 237, 240 specific IDP 249, 251, 261 precise position 25, 28 specific inessive noun 261 prepositions 40, 41, 43, 44, 46, 51-56, specific IS 255, 256, 259-261 59-63 specific location 259, 260 Principle of Economy 61, 63, 64 specific locative 199, 222 process verb 236 specified IDP 260, 262 pronominal objects 131 stylistic variation 258 pronoun 20 subjectification 229 prosodic 52, 63, 64 subjectivity 81, 90 prototype models 28, 33 subordinate clause 232 prototypical 199, 206, 223, 224 subordinate clause connective 232 proximate pronoun 256 surface 121 surface contact 122 recipient 123, 126, 127, 131 SVO 55, 59, 61 recipient vs. source 126, 127, 131, 137 synchronic 258 relational part terms 229, 242, 245 syntactic expansion 220

270 Subject Index temporal clause connective 232, 236, 240 verb-final 49, 59, 61, 63 theme 129, 130 verb-framed 42, 69, 176 tone systems 3 vernacular 259 topic marker 234, 235, 241, 244 vertical time 189, 191, 192 typology 6, 250 vicinity 128 visual space 144 ultimate recipient 125 V-languages 5, 70 underspecified preposition 201, 206, 210, 222 word order 41, 44, 47, 58, 59, 61, 64 word order harmony 64 vague position 25, 28 word order typology 55, 59, 61, 64 venitive 71 written style 82 verb 231, 234, 239, 243

Language Index

Abkhaz 229, 241 Finnish 229, 241 Al-Sayyid Bedouin 151 French 89, 91, 143 Altaic 3 (ASL) 145, Gan 2, 65 146, 147 German 40, 71, 74 Amharic 40, 199, 200, 202-204 Guaymi 229 Archaic Chinese 15, 17, 43, 47, 249, 250, 252, 255, 256, 259 Hakka 2, 31-33, 65 Hani 138 Bai 3, 4 (HKSL) Bari 241 155 Basque 229 Huaxian dialect 29 Beijing Mandarin 42, 45, 48-52, 55, 58, Hui 2, 65 60, 62, 63 Hungarian 70, 75 Bihari 237 Breton 2 IE 138 (BSL) 144, 152 Igbo 229 Burmese 241 Indo-European 2

Cantonese 7, 43, 45, 54, 55, 56, 58, 59, 61, (ISL) 155 63, 78 Changsha dialect 62 Jakaltek 71 Chinese 229, 230, 237, 238, 241, 244, 245, Japanese 41, 85, 229 249, 262 Jianchuan dialect 119, 136 Chinese dialects 39, 42, 47, 52, 59, 61-63 Jianghuai Mandarin 62 Chinese Sign Language (CSL) 1, 145 Jiangjin dialect 29 Classic Chinese 62 Jin 1 Contemporary Chinese 261 Jinhua dialect 60 Jinuo 138 Dai 138 Jizhou 4 Dali dialect 119, 136 (DSL) 147 Karen, 3 Korean 74, 85, 216 early modern Chinese 259 English 6, 35, 78, 91, 187, 205, 210, 213, Lahu 138, 139 222, 241 Latin 138 Estonian 229, 241 LEME dialect 119, 136 Ewe 40, 229 Lolo-Burmese 119

271 272 Language Index

Manchu 3 Shaoxing dialect 45, 51, 59, 61, 63 Mandarin 1, 43, 44, 45, 50, 52, 53, 58, 60, Sino-Tibetan 2, 3, 8, 119, 138 61, 132 Spanish 143, 152 Medieval Chinese 15, 23, 25, 29, 32, 249, Standard Mandarin 42, 45, 48, 58, 60, 65, 251, 255, 256, 258 78 Miao-Yao 3 Suzhou dialects 45, 50, 51 Middle Chinese 179 Middle Welsh 241 Tai 3 Min 2 Sign Language (TSL) 152 Modern Chinese 28, 260, 261 Taixing dialect Mongolian 3 Thai 3 Tibetan 138, 139 Nanchang dialects 52 Tibeto-Burman 3, 40, 119, 138 Nanjing dialects 52 Tigre 229 Navajo 241 Tiriyó 205 Naxi 138 Ningbo dialects 59, 61, 63 Uyghur 40 Northern Chinese 79 Vietnamese 3, 229 Old English 138 Waxiang 4, 99, 102, 105, 108, 109, 111, Pashto 40, 138 114, 115, 188 Persian 241 Wu 2, 42, 44, 48, 50-56, 58-61, 63 2 Polish 71 Xiang 2, 65

Russian 41, 71 Yue 2 Yukatec 202, 205 Shanghai dialect 30 Zhuoka 138 Shanghainese 42, 43, 47, 48, 50, 53, 56, 60

Author Index

Armstrong, D. 5, 146, 151, 158 Fan, Jiyan 53 Asifa, Majid 99 Fang, Jingmin 181, 201 Fauconnier, G. 144 Baker, C. 157 Feng, Shengli 10, 52, 63 Barcelona, A. 236 Fischer, S. 154 Baxter, W. H. 2 Frishberg, N. 145, 149 Bellugi, U. 148, 149 Fu, Jingqi 3 Berthele, R. 5, 70 Bo, Wen 3 Gough, B. 145 Bowden, J. 229, 243 Greenberg, J.H. 34, 41, 152, 199, 202, 203 Boyes-Braem, P. 146, 150 Grosjean, F. 150 Brinton, L.J. 201, 218, 236 Brugman, C.M. 229 Hagège, C. 17 Haudricourt 3 Bybee, J. 236 He, Leshi 18

Heine, B. 9, 30, 32, 41, 229, 230, 242 Cartier, H. 17 Hewes, G. 143 Chang, Jung-hsing 152 Hill, D. 79 Chao, Y.R. 16, 17, 65, 93 Himmelmann, N. 9, 201, 217, 220, 222, Chappell, H. 5, 30 - 32, 35, 199, 213 224 Chen, Wenjie 7 Hollenbach, B.E. 229 Cheng, Xianqing 213 Hong, Bo 109 Chu, Zexiang 17,18, 25, 34, 48, 210 Hopper, P.J. 201, 210, 220, 223, 224, 236 Clark, H.H. 175 Huang, Borong 30, 35 Claudi, U. 30, 32 Huang, J. 200 Cook, K.W. 191 Humbolt, W. von 161 Coulter, G.R. 157 Hünnemeyer, 30 Craig, C. 71 Isenhath, J.O. 158 Dasher 236 De Leon, L. 229 Janzen, T. 158 DeLancey, S. 3, 138 Jha, S. 237 Dik , S.C. 51, 61, 63 Jiang, Lansheng 109 Dryer, M.S. 3, 47, 62 Jin, Peng 138

Emmorey, K. 155 Karlgren 2 Engberg-Pedersen, E. 147 Kegl, J. 158, 161 Ernst, T. 199 Klein, W. 28 Fan Xiao 50 Klima, E. 148, 149

273 274 Author Index

Koënig, 236 Peyraube 4, 5, 16, 17, 18, 28, 33, 34, 43, Kyle, J.G. 144, 152 47, 76, 99, 199, 213 Poizner, H. 150 Lamarre, C. 5, 7, 31, 42, 52, 59, Poulin, C. 147 176 Pulleyblank 2 Lao, She 182 Leeson, L. 158 Ren, Xiuhua 253 Legge, J. 34 Ren, Ying 65 Lehmann, W.P. 144 Rijkhoff 51, 61 Levinson, S.C. 188, 202, 205, 222 Rygaloff, A. 17, 92 Li Charles 199 Li, Chongxing 17, 19, 21, 22, 25, 214, Saeed, J. 158 249, 251, 255, 256, 258, 259 Sagart, L. 2 Li, Fanggui 2 Shen, Jiaxuan 185 Li, Jingxi 17 Shi, Youwei 44 Liddell, S.K. 146 Shibatani, M. 86 Lillehaugen, B.D. 229 Shimura, R. 249 Linden, E. 144 Skalmowski, W. 139 Litip Tohti 40 Slobin, D.I. 5, 74, 144, 176 Liu, Danqing 3, 5, 7, 44, 46, 49, 52, 58, Song, Jae-Jung 42 59, 62, 65, 78, 199, 203 Stokoe, W. 149 Liu, Feng-Hsi 199, 200, 203 Sun, Chaofen 4, 8, 17, 34, 35, 43, 47 Liu, Shiru 17 Svorou, S. 9, 139, 186, 229, 230, 237, Loncke, F. 151 242, 243, 244 Lü, Shuxiang 17, 22, 25, 109, 258 Talmy, L. 5, 71, 165, 175 Ma, Jianzhong 17 Tang, G. 155 Macauley, M. 229 Tang, Zhenzhu 30 MacLaury, R.E. 229 Thompson, H. 157 Masone, M. I. 152 Thompson, S.A. 35, 199 Mather 250 Traugott, E.C. 191, 201, 210, 218, 220, Matisoff, J. 138 223, 224, 236 Matsumoto, Y. 86, 229 Tesnière 5 McCullough, K.E. 99 Tylor, E. 150 McGregor , W. 30 McIntire, M. 156 Valade, Y.-L. R. 151 Mei, Zulin 136 Moody, B. 159 Wälchli, A. 5 Waley 252, 253 Nakanishi, 151 Wang, Canlong 181 Nichols, J. 41, 62 Wang, Ying 27, 28 Norman, Jerry 3 Wen, Lian 17 Nüse, R. 28 Wilbur, R.B. 151, 158 Wilcox, S.E. 146 Ogawa, K. 109 Wilkins, D. 79 Wittgenstein, L. 143 Paris , M.-C. 92 Woll, B. 144, 152 Parker, 144 Wu, Fuxiang 4, 9, 199, 203, 211 Pasicki, 119, 134 Wu, Yunji 4, 8, 62, 109, 188 Author Index 275

Xu, Baohua 30 Zhao, Cheng 18 Xu, Dan 3, 8, 62, 65, 76, 176, 179 Zhao, Jie 10 Xu, Lin 3,119, 136 Zhao, Yansun 119, 136 Zhou, Ren 6 Yang, Bojun 18 Zhu, Dexi 17, 34 Yau, Shun-chiu 4, 8, 144, 148 Zhu, Qingshi 4, 9

Zhang, Cheng 47, 219 Zhang, Wanqi 18 Zhang, Yujin 249 Zhang, Zhende 24