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Progress, Promise and Prospects

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Progress, Promise and Prospects ISSN 0409-7467 CCSIRSIR NEWSNEWS Progress, Promise and Prospects VOL 60 NO 15 & 16 AUGUST 2010 CONTENTS Mr. Brian Baird, US Congressman meets DG, CSIR NEERI participates in 3rd Indo-German Conference on Research for Sustainability CSIR KRCs Chairpersons/Heads Meet at HRDC, Ghaziabad Goyal Prize for Dr. S. Sivaram website: http://www.csir.res.in R&D MEETS Mr. Brian Baird, US Congressman (Democrat) and Chairman of the House Science & Technology Subcommittee on Energy, Science and Environment Meets DG, CSIR to Strengthen S&T Collaboration delegation from the US Embassy, Harvard University, for promoting A headed by Mr. Brian Baird, US low-cost diagnostics in India. It was also Congressman (Democrat) and Chairman urged that US could support such of the House Science & Technology ventures which could form a milestone subcommittee on Energy, Science and in Indo-US S&T cooperation. Environment met Prof. Samir. K. Mr. Baird agreed that the Open Brahmachari, DG, CSIR on 6 August Source Drug Discovery (OSDD) model 2010. Discussions were held on issues involving 4000 researchers (with about and challenges in the alternate energy 10% coming from USA) was indeed sector for exploring possibilities of working excellently across the globe and Prof. Samir K. Brahmachari, DG, CSIR and strengthening collaboration between the could be successfully replicated for Mr. Brian Baird, US Congressman two counties including science harnessing the prowess of young diplomacy. Mr. Baird was accompanied Delegation and provided an overview of researchers to carry out cutting edge by Mr. Christopher King, Staff Director, CSIR’s S&T prowess for leveraging its research in the area of solar energy. HSCI Subcommittee, the Science intrinsic strengths to forge a symbiotic The discussions also encompassed Cousellor and Ms. Heather Broman, S&T partnership with the US . CSIR’s pathbreaking endeavours in Officer, US Embassy, New Delhi. Prof. Samir K. Brahmachari, promoting higher education in the Prof. Samir. K. Brahmachari, DG, DG, CSIR welcomed the delegation country for producing over 1000 CSIR, Dr. R.C. Budhani, Director, and made a detailed presentation on Ph.D.s in the country per year in due National Physical Laboratory (NPL), Shri CSIR’s pioneering initiatives in the course through the setting up of the A. Chakraborty, Head, International S&T emerging areas of scientific research for Academy of Scientific & Innovative Affairs Directorate (ISTAD) and global good. Research (AcSIR). scientists from ISTAD and PPD The deliberations, led by DG, CSIR Both sides agreed to look into the participated in the wide-ranging focused the key on-going programmes vast array of opportunities that exist to deliberations. of CSIR in the areas of affordable health strike a symbiotic partnership and remove Shri A. Chakraborty, Head, ISTAD and sustainable energy; including solar bottlenecks — such as grant of US initiated the discussions by apprising the energy. The delegation noted with deep visa to Indian researchers — for fostering August gathering about the objectives interest CSIR’s initiatives in initiating a collaboration between the two of the visit of the high-powered US synergistic alliance with Prof. Whitesides, countries. Shri A. Chakraborty, Head, ISTAD, Dr. R. C. Budhani, Director, US delegation with TEAM CSIR NPL and Dr. Y. P. Kumar, CSIR during the discussions 170 CSIR NEWS R&D HIGHLIGHTS CSIR’s Novel Contraceptive Drug – A Woman’s True Saheli Dr. P. Cheena Chawla aving a baby is no joke, for it brings composition and mode of action but it is Htremendous responsibility on the also very convenient to take. The part of both parents right from the day recommended dose is taken twice a of conception, through the next nine week for the first three months, followed months and endlessly thereafter. While by once a week schedule. This drug treading on the path of parenthood, one reached the general public in India in the faces the music of bringing up a year 1991 and was included in the completely helpless newborn to an adult. National Family Welfare Programme in 1995. Surely then, a couple must be mentally Hormonal contraception was prepared to take up the challenge of pioneered by Ludwig Haberlandt, an parenting, and therefore, must avoid Austrian scientist who in 1921, showed motility of the sperm, and also does not unplanned pregnancy. that rabbits could be rendered infertile allow the uterine lining to develop properly. The trauma of an unplanned by transplanting in them ovaries from a Next in line were injectible pregnancy is sometimes so unbearable pregnant animal that contained high contraceptives like Depo-Provera that the woman takes the extreme step levels of progesterone. By the 1930s, it (Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate) of getting the baby aborted. Shockingly, was well known that high doses of sex that contain only progesterone. This according to an estimate of the World hormones, namely estrogen and high-dose progestin injection was Health Organization, the annual abortion progesterone could inhibit the release of introduced in 1969. Although a very rate worldwide is 46 million, a majority eggs. In 1957 the first oral contraceptive effective contraceptive, the many side of which occurs in developing countries. pill, containing both these steroid effects of Depo-Provera outweigh the This reflects an unmet need of millions hormones, was marketed in the United benefits. Several other types of of couples for a family planning measure States under the brand name Envoid. It progestogen-only contraceptives were that does not take away the pleasure of was first approved for the treatment of later developed like Progestasert, the the nuptial knot. menstrual disorders and later marketed first hormonal intrauterine device and Coming to the rescue of hundreds as a contraceptive pill. As Envoid Norplant, the first contraceptive implant. of thousands of couples, CSIR contained a high level of hormones, there High dose or prolonged use of developed the world’s first non-steroidal, were serious side effects of this drug. hormonal contraceptives is known to once-a-week oral contraceptive drug Newer generation of combined have many side effects such as that gave women the freedom to decide contraceptive pills that came in vogue menstrual disturbances, cardiovascular when to get pregnant. Rightly named, later contained reduced levels of the diseases, and body weight changes Saheli, this drug is indeed a true friend steroid hormones, estrogen and among others. Nonetheless, millions of as it helps to avoid pregnancy without progesterone, in different proportions. women around the world are today any side effects. For example, a low dose combination pill using hormone-based contraceptives. A product of over two decades of like Mala-D was found to be safer than The focus of CSIR scientists was, research at the Central Drugs Research the high dose combination pills. Another therefore, on designing a novel Institute (CDRI), Lucknow, Saheli type of contraceptive pill, that is popular contraceptive drug, which had the comprises a novel non-steroidal today, contains only progesterone. It properties of fertility regulation minus the biochemical namely, ‘centchroman’. prevents pregnancy by increasing the side effects of existing steroidal This drug is not only unique due to its cervical mucus that slows down the contraceptive pills. AUGUST 2010 171 R&D HIGHLIGHTS centchroman in treating breast cancer patients. Centchroman has been licensed to two companies in India. It was first manufactured by Torrent Pharmaceuticals Ltd, A wide range of steroidal contraceptives, both as pills and injectibles, are in use Ahmedabad, and marketed as birth control under the trade name The role of estrogen-progesterone to this hormone. As SERMs have a Centron that was later discontinued. balance in the development of fertilized tissue selective activity, they behave like Torrent Pharmaceuticals now ovum is well known. The understanding estrogen in some tissues and at the same manufactures ormeloxifene under the of the subtle biochemical events that time, block its action in other tissues. trade name Sevista, as a treatment for play a role in priming of the uterus for Estrogen is, in fact, the wonder dysfunctional uterine bleeding. HLL implantation of the fertilized ovum have hormone that is crucial for programming Lifecare Limited (HLL), formerly helped in zeroing down on molecules a woman’s body for child birth. It Hindustan Latex Limited, Trivandrum, that interfere with the process of prepares the womb for nourishing the is marketing this drug under the trade implantation without disturbing the fetus and promotes the glands in breast name, Saheli. In October 2008, HLL normal levels of estrogen and to produce milk. It also regulates the launched this once-a-week oral progesterone. Concerted research production of cholesterol by the liver, and contraceptive pill, containing the drug efforts of CSIR scientists have shown thus safeguards the heart, protecting centchroman, in Peru under the brand that centchroman is bestowed with dual women from cardiovascular diseases. name ‘Ivyfemme’, which in Spanish properties of being mildly estrogenic Estrogen even preserves bones by means ‘friendship flower’. while being a potent anti-estrogenic maintaining their required density. In yet another achievement, CDRI agent. However, high levels of estrogen may has developed a contraceptive cream With this unique blend of natural promote breast cancer and also the named Consap from the saponins properties, centchroman
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