Summary of Generic Reassignments of Cetrarioid Lichens, Largely Based on Divakar Et Al
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Phylogeny of the Cetrarioid Core (Parmeliaceae) Based on Five
The Lichenologist 41(5): 489–511 (2009) © 2009 British Lichen Society doi:10.1017/S0024282909990090 Printed in the United Kingdom Phylogeny of the cetrarioid core (Parmeliaceae) based on five genetic markers Arne THELL, Filip HÖGNABBA, John A. ELIX, Tassilo FEUERER, Ingvar KÄRNEFELT, Leena MYLLYS, Tiina RANDLANE, Andres SAAG, Soili STENROOS, Teuvo AHTI and Mark R. D. SEAWARD Abstract: Fourteen genera belong to a monophyletic core of cetrarioid lichens, Ahtiana, Allocetraria, Arctocetraria, Cetraria, Cetrariella, Cetreliopsis, Flavocetraria, Kaernefeltia, Masonhalea, Nephromopsis, Tuckermanella, Tuckermannopsis, Usnocetraria and Vulpicida. A total of 71 samples representing 65 species (of 90 worldwide) and all type species of the genera are included in phylogentic analyses based on a complete ITS matrix and incomplete sets of group I intron, -tubulin, GAPDH and mtSSU sequences. Eleven of the species included in the study are analysed phylogenetically for the first time, and of the 178 sequences, 67 are newly constructed. Two phylogenetic trees, one based solely on the complete ITS-matrix and a second based on total information, are similar, but not entirely identical. About half of the species are gathered in a strongly supported clade composed of the genera Allocetraria, Cetraria s. str., Cetrariella and Vulpicida. Arctocetraria, Cetreliopsis, Kaernefeltia and Tuckermanella are monophyletic genera, whereas Cetraria, Flavocetraria and Tuckermannopsis are polyphyletic. The taxonomy in current use is compared with the phylogenetic results, and future, probable or potential adjustments to the phylogeny are discussed. The single non-DNA character with a strong correlation to phylogeny based on DNA-sequences is conidial shape. The secondary chemistry of the poorly known species Cetraria annae is analyzed for the first time; the cortex contains usnic acid and atranorin, whereas isonephrosterinic, nephrosterinic, lichesterinic, protolichesterinic and squamatic acids occur in the medulla. -
Checklist of Lichenicolous Fungi and Lichenicolous Lichens of Svalbard, Including New Species, New Records and Revisions
Herzogia 26 (2), 2013: 323 –359 323 Checklist of lichenicolous fungi and lichenicolous lichens of Svalbard, including new species, new records and revisions Mikhail P. Zhurbenko* & Wolfgang von Brackel Abstract: Zhurbenko, M. P. & Brackel, W. v. 2013. Checklist of lichenicolous fungi and lichenicolous lichens of Svalbard, including new species, new records and revisions. – Herzogia 26: 323 –359. Hainesia bryonorae Zhurb. (on Bryonora castanea), Lichenochora caloplacae Zhurb. (on Caloplaca species), Sphaerellothecium epilecanora Zhurb. (on Lecanora epibryon), and Trimmatostroma cetrariae Brackel (on Cetraria is- landica) are described as new to science. Forty four species of lichenicolous fungi (Arthonia apotheciorum, A. aspicili- ae, A. epiphyscia, A. molendoi, A. pannariae, A. peltigerina, Cercidospora ochrolechiae, C. trypetheliza, C. verrucosar- ia, Dacampia engeliana, Dactylospora aeruginosa, D. frigida, Endococcus fusiger, E. sendtneri, Epibryon conductrix, Epilichen glauconigellus, Lichenochora coppinsii, L. weillii, Lichenopeltella peltigericola, L. santessonii, Lichenostigma chlaroterae, L. maureri, Llimoniella vinosa, Merismatium decolorans, M. heterophractum, Muellerella atricola, M. erratica, Pronectria erythrinella, Protothelenella croceae, Skyttella mulleri, Sphaerellothecium parmeliae, Sphaeropezia santessonii, S. thamnoliae, Stigmidium cladoniicola, S. collematis, S. frigidum, S. leucophlebiae, S. mycobilimbiae, S. pseudopeltideae, Taeniolella pertusariicola, Tremella cetrariicola, Xenonectriella lutescens, X. ornamentata, -
A New Species of Allocetraria (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota) in China
The Lichenologist 47(1): 31–34 (2015) 6 British Lichen Society, 2015 doi:10.1017/S0024282914000528 A new species of Allocetraria (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota) in China Rui-Fang WANG, Xin-Li WEI and Jiang-Chun WEI Abstract: Allocetraria yunnanensis R. F. Wang, X. L. Wei & J. C. Wei is described as a new species from the Yunnan Province of China, and is characterized by having a shiny upper surface, strongly wrinkled lower surface, and marginal pseudocyphellae present on the lower side in the form of a white continuous line or spot. The phylogenetic analysis based on nrDNA ITS sequences suggests that the new species is related to A. sinensis X. Q. Gao. Key words: Allocetraria yunnanensis, lichen, taxonomy Accepted for publication 26 June 2014 Introduction genus, as all ten species have been reported there (Kurokawa & Lai 1991; Thell et al. The lichenized genus Allocetraria Kurok. & 1995; Randlane et al. 2001; Wang et al. M. J. Lai was described in 1991, with a new 2014). During our taxonomic study of Allo- species A. isidiigera Kurok. & M. J. Lai, and cetraria, a new species was found. two new combinations: A. ambigua (C. Bab.) Kurok. & M. J. Lai and A. stracheyi (C. Bab.) Kurok. & M. J. Lai (Kurokawa & Lai 1991). The main distribution area of Allocetraria Materials and Methods species was reported to be in the Himalayas, A dissecting microscope (ZEISS Stemi SV11) and com- including China, India, and Nepal. pound microscope (ZEISS Axioskop 2 plus) were used Allocetraria is characterized by dichoto- to study the morphology and anatomy of the specimens. Colour test reagents [10% aqueous KOH, saturated mously or subdichotomously branched lobes aqueous Ca(OCl)2, and concentrated alcoholic p- and a foliose to suberect or erect thallus with phenylenediamine] and thin-layer chromatography sparse rhizines, angular to sublinear pseudo- (TLC, solvent system C) were used for the detection cyphellae, palisade plectenchymatous upper of lichen substances (Culberson & Kristinsson 1970; Culberson 1972). -
A Metagenomic Approach to Reconstruct the Holo-Genome Of
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/810986; this version posted October 21, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. What is in a lichen? A metagenomic approach to reconstruct the holo-genome of Umbilicaria pustulata Bastian Greshake Tzovaras1,2,3, Francisca H.I.D. Segers1,4, Anne Bicker5, Francesco Dal Grande4,6, Jürgen Otte6, Seyed Yahya Anvar7, Thomas Hankeln5, Imke Schmitt4,6,8, and Ingo Ebersberger1,4,6,# 1Applied Bioinformatics Group, Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 13, Frankfurt am Main, 60438, Germany 2Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, United States 3Center for Research & Interdisciplinarity, Université de Paris, France 4LOEWE Center for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, Frankfurt, Germany 5 Institute for Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Molecular Genetics and Genome Analysis, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, J. J. Becher-Weg 30A, 55128 Mainz, Germany 6Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Senckenberg Anlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany 7Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, Netherlands 8Molecular Evolutionary Biology Group, Institute of Ecology, Diversity, and Evolution, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 13, Frankfurt am Main, 60438, Germany 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/810986; this version posted October 21, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. # Correspondence to: [email protected] Keywords: Metagenome-assembled genome, Sequencing error, Symbiosis, Chlorophyta, Mitochondria, Gene loss, organellar ploidy levels 2 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/810986; this version posted October 21, 2019. -
Diversification and Species Delimitation of Lichenized Fungi in Selected Groups of the Family Parmeliaceae (Ascomycota)
Diversification and species delimitation of lichenized fungi in selected groups of the family Parmeliaceae (Ascomycota) Kristiina Mark Tartu 7.10.2016 Publications I Mark, K., Saag, L., Saag, A., Thell, A., & Randlane, T. (2012) Testing morphology-based delimitation of Vulpicida juniperinus and V. tubulosus (Parmeliaceae) using three molecular markers. The Lichenologist 44 (6): 752−772. II Saag, L., Mark, K., Saag, A., & Randlane, T. (2014) Species delimitation in the lichenized fungal genus Vulpicida (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota) using gene concatenation and coalescent-based species tree approaches. American Journal of Botany 101 (12): 2169−2182. III Mark, K., Saag, L., Leavitt, S. D., Will-Wolf, S., Nelsen, M. P., Tõrra, T., Saag, A., Randlane, T., & Lumbsch, H. T. (2016) Evaluation of traditionally circumscribed species in the lichen-forming genus Usnea (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota) using six-locus dataset. Organisms Diversity & Evolution 16 (3): 497–524. IV Mark, K., Randlane, T., Hur, J.-S., Thor, G., Obermayer, W. & Saag, A. Lichen chemistry is concordant with multilocus gene genealogy and reflects the species diversification in the genus Cetrelia (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota). Manuscript submitted to The Lichenologist. V Mark, K., Cornejo, C., Keller, C., Flück, D., & Scheidegger, C. (2016) Barcoding lichen- forming fungi using 454 pyrosequencing is challenged by artifactual and biological sequence variation. Genome 59 (9): 685–704. Systematics • Provides units for biodiversity measurements and investigates evolutionary relationships • -
Lichens and Air Quality in White Mountain National
LICHENS AND AIR QUALITY IN WHITE MOUNTAIN NATIONAL FOREST WILDERNESS AREAS Final Report U. S. Forest Service Contract USDA 40-1484-7-614 by Clifford M. Wetmore Botany Department University of Minnesota St. Paul, Minnesota June, 1989 TABLE OF CONTENTS LICHENS OF WHITE MOUNTAINS WILDERNESS AREAS Page Preface.....................................................1 Introduction................................................2 Methods.....................................................5 Lichen Flora................................................6 Species List...........................................7 Discussion of the Lichen Flora.............................11 Elemental analysis.........................................14 Methods...............................................14 Results and Discussion................................16 Conclusions................................................17 Literature Cited...........................................18 AppendixI:Collection Localities..........................27 Map of Collection Localities Appendix II: Species Sensitive to Sulphur Dioxide..........30 Maps of Sensitive Species Appendix III: Species Cited in Literature from White Mts...31 PREFACE Under a grant from the U. S. Forest Service a lichen study was to be performed in the Presidential Dry River and the Great Gulf Wilderness Areas of the White Mountain National Forest. This study was to survey the lichens of the areas, produce a lichen flora, collect and analyze lichens for chemical contents and evaluate the lichen flora with reference -
End of Volume)
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Contributions from the United States National Herbarium Volume 34, Part 7 (End of Volume) THE LICHEN GENERA CETRELIA AND PLATISMATIA (PARMELIACEAE) By William Louis Culberson and Chicita F. Culberson ■t SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS • WASHINGTON, D C. * 1968 Contents Page Introduction 449 Historical Background 450 The "Parmelioid" Cetrariae 451 Morphology 456 Cortex 457 Pseudocyphellae 458 Puncta 458 Isidia 459 Soredia 460 Lobulac 460 Apothecia 461 Ascospores 462 Pycnidia 463 Chemistry 464 Biosynthetic Dichotomy Leading to Aromatic and Aliphatic Sub- stances 465 Orcinol- and jSf-Orcinol-type Substitutions 465 Length and Oxidation State of the Side Chain in Orcinol-type Phenolic Acids 467 Depsides and Depsidones 469 O-Methylation 471 Relationship of Cetrelia Compounds to Other Lichen Substances . 472 Methods for the Microchemical Identification of Lichen Substances in Cetrelia and Platismatia 473 Solutions 474 Microextraction 475 Microcrystal Tests 475 Paper Chroma tog rap hy 475 Hydrolysis of Depsides 477 Thin-layer Chromatography 477 The Identification of Specific Substances 478 Alectoronic Acid and «-Collatolic Acid 478 Anziaic Acid 479 Atranorin 480 Caperatic Acid 480 Fumarprotocc;traric Acid : 481 Imbricaric Acid 482 Microphyllinic Acid 483 Olivetoric Acid 484 Perlatolic Acid 484 An Unidentified Substance 485 Chemical Criteria in the Taxonomy of Cetrelia and Platismatia . ..... 486 Acknowledgments 490 hi IV CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Pftgu Tiixonomic Treatment 490 Cetrelia Culb. & Culb 490 Artificial Key to the Species of Cetrelia 491 Cetrelia alaskana (Culb. & Culb.) Culb, & Culb 492 Cetrelia braunsiana (Miill. Arg.) Culb. & Culb 493 Cetrelia cetrarioides (Del. ex Duby) Culb. & Culb.. 498 Cetrelia chicitae (Culb.) Culb. & Culb. -
Piedmont Lichen Inventory
PIEDMONT LICHEN INVENTORY: BUILDING A LICHEN BIODIVERSITY BASELINE FOR THE PIEDMONT ECOREGION OF NORTH CAROLINA, USA By Gary B. Perlmutter B.S. Zoology, Humboldt State University, Arcata, CA 1991 A Thesis Submitted to the Staff of The North Carolina Botanical Garden University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Advisor: Dr. Johnny Randall As Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements For the Certificate in Native Plant Studies 15 May 2009 Perlmutter – Piedmont Lichen Inventory Page 2 This Final Project, whose results are reported herein with sections also published in the scientific literature, is dedicated to Daniel G. Perlmutter, who urged that I return to academia. And to Theresa, Nichole and Dakota, for putting up with my passion in lichenology, which brought them from southern California to the Traingle of North Carolina. TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………….4 Chapter I: The North Carolina Lichen Checklist…………………………………………………7 Chapter II: Herbarium Surveys and Initiation of a New Lichen Collection in the University of North Carolina Herbarium (NCU)………………………………………………………..9 Chapter III: Preparatory Field Surveys I: Battle Park and Rock Cliff Farm……………………13 Chapter IV: Preparatory Field Surveys II: State Park Forays…………………………………..17 Chapter V: Lichen Biota of Mason Farm Biological Reserve………………………………….19 Chapter VI: Additional Piedmont Lichen Surveys: Uwharrie Mountains…………………...…22 Chapter VII: A Revised Lichen Inventory of North Carolina Piedmont …..…………………...23 Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………………………..72 Appendices………………………………………………………………………………….…..73 Perlmutter – Piedmont Lichen Inventory Page 4 INTRODUCTION Lichens are composite organisms, consisting of a fungus (the mycobiont) and a photosynthesising alga and/or cyanobacterium (the photobiont), which together make a life form that is distinct from either partner in isolation (Brodo et al. -
Secondary Metabolites from Cetrarioid Lichens: Chemotaxonomy, Biological Activities and Pharmaceutical Potential
Phytomedicine 23 (2016) 441–459 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Phytomedicine journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/phymed Secondary metabolites from cetrarioid lichens: Chemotaxonomy, biological activities and pharmaceutical potential Maonian Xu a, Starri Heidmarsson b, Elin Soffia Olafsdottir a, Rosa Buonfiglio c, ∗ Thierry Kogej c, Sesselja Omarsdottir a, a Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, Hagi, Hofsvallagata 53, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland b Icelandic Institute of Natural History, Akureyri Division, IS-600 Akureyri, Iceland c Chemistry Innovation Centre, Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Mölndal, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal SE-43183, Sweden a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: Background: Lichens, as a symbiotic association of photobionts and mycobionts, display an unmatched Received 11 November 2015 environmental adaptability and a great chemical diversity. As an important morphological group, cetrari- Revised 16 February 2016 oid lichens are one of the most studied lichen taxa for their phylogeny, secondary chemistry, bioactivities Accepted 17 February 2016 and uses in folk medicines, especially the lichen Cetraria islandica . However, insufficient structure eluci- dation and discrepancy in bioactivity results could be found in a few studies. Keywords: Purpose: This review aimed to present a more detailed and updated overview of the knowledge of sec- Cetrarioid lichens ondary metabolites from cetrarioid lichens in a critical manner, highlighting their potentials for phar- Chemotaxonomy maceuticals as well as other applications. Here we also highlight the uses of molecular phylogenetics, Ethnopharmacology metabolomics and ChemGPS-NP model for future bioprospecting, taxonomy and drug screening to accel- Lichen substances erate applications of those lichen substances. -
Lichens of Alaska
A Genus Key To The LICHENS OF ALASKA By Linda Hasselbach and Peter Neitlich January 1998 National Park Service Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve 201 First Avenue Fairbanks, AK 99701 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We would like to acknowledge the following Individuals for their kind assistance: Jim Riley generously provided lichen photographs, with the exception of three copyrighted photos, Alectoria sarmentosa, Peltigera neopolydactyla and P. membranaceae, which are courtesy of Steve and Sylvia Sharnoff, and Neph roma arctica by Shelli Swanson. The line drawing on the cover, as well as those for Psoroma hypnarum and the 'lung-like' illustration, are the work of Alexander Mikulin as found In Lichens of Southeastern Alaska by Gelser, Dillman, Derr, and Stensvold. 'Cyphellae' and 'pseudocyphellae' are also by Alexander Mikulin as appear In Macrolichens of the Pacific Northwest by McCune and Gelser. The Cladonia apothecia drawing is the work of Bruce McCune from Macrolichens of the Northern Rocky Mountains by McCune and Goward. Drawings of Brodoa oroarcttca, Physcia aipolia apothecia, and Peltigera veins are the work of Trevor Goward as found in The Lichens of British Columbia. Part I - Foliose and Squamulose Species by Goward, McCune and Meldlnger. And the drawings of Masonhalea and Cetraria ericitorum are the work of Bethia Brehmer as found In Thomson's American Arctic Macrolichens. All photographs and line drawings were used by permission. Chiska Derr, Walter Neitlich, Roger Rosentreter, Thetus Smith, and Shelli Swanson provided valuable editing and draft comments. Thanks to Patty Rost and the staff of Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve for making this project possible. -
Medicinal Lichens: the Final Frontier by Brian Kie Weissbuch, L.Ac., RH (AHG)
J A H G Volume 12 | Number 2 Journal of the American Herbalists Guild 23 MATERIA MEDICA MATERIA Medicinal Lichens: The Final Frontier by Brian Kie Weissbuch, L.Ac., RH (AHG) erbalists of myriad traditions article discusses recent scienti!c research Brian Kie Weissbuch L.Ac., AHG, is an acupuncturist have explored the healing indicating important uses for well-known lichens in private practice since properties of life-forms from at (Cetraria islandica and Usnea spp.) as well as less 1991. Brian is a botanist least !ve kingdoms: Monera familiar species (Flavoparmelia caperata and and herbalist with 44 years (bacteria)*, Protista (algae), Lobaria pulmonaria ). experience, and is co- Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia *Recall the ancient Nubians’ crafting of founder of KW Botanicals H Inc. in San Anselmo, CA, (the latter being primarily the domain of TCM medicinal beers, rich in tetracycline from the providing medicinal herb practitioners, who use gecko, snake, oyster shell, soil-borne Streptomyces bacteria found on the brewers’ formulae to primary health various insects, and other animal-derived grain (Nelson et al 2010). This medicine was given to care practitioners since 1983. substances). Nevertheless, with few exceptions, children as well as adults. He provides continuing herbalists have neglected an important life-form in education seminars to our medicines: the symbiotic intersection of algae Cetraria islandica, C. spp. The Iceland acupuncturists, and classes in herbal medicine for herbalists and fungi with a history of over 600 million years Mosses and health care practitioners. on our wayward planet —the lichens. Any discussion of edible and medicinal lichens He can be reached at brian@ How little we know of this symbiotic life- must begin with Cetraria islandica and allied kwbotanicals.com. -
1 Using Lichen Communities As Indicators of Forest Stand Age and Conservation Value
1 1 Using lichen communities as indicators of forest stand age and conservation value 2 3 Jesse E. D. Miller1,2 4 John Villella3 5 Daphne Stone4 6 Amanda Hardman5 7 8 1Corresponding author: [email protected] 9 2Department of Biology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA, 94305 10 3Siskiyou Biosurvey, LLC. Eagle Point, Oregon, USA, 97524 11 4Stone Ecosurveys LLC, Eugene, Oregon, USA, 97405 12 5US Forest Service, John Day, Oregon, USA, 97845 13 14 Running head: Testing lichens as old forest indicators 15 2 16 Abstract 17 Evaluating the conservation value of ecological communities is critical for forest 18 management but can be challenging because it is difficult to survey all taxonomic 19 groups of conservation concern. Lichens have long been used as indicators of late 20 successional habitats with particularly high conservation value because lichens are 21 ubiquitous, sensitive to fine-scale environmental variation, and some species 22 require old substrates. However, the efficacy of such lichen indicator systems has 23 rarely been tested beyond narrow geographic areas, and their reliability has not 24 been established with well-replicated quantitative research. Here, we develop a 25 continuous lichen conservation index representing epiphytic macrolichen species 26 affinities for late successional forests in the Pacific Northwest, USA. This index 27 classifies species based on expert field experience and is similar to the “coefficient of 28 conservatism” that is widely used for evaluating vascular plant communities in the 29 central and eastern USA. We then use a large forest survey dataset to test whether 30 the community-level lichen conservation index is related to forest stand age.