Deep Sea Drilling Project Initial Reports Volume 92

Diagrammatic cross section through a ridge crest hydrothermal system and adjacent basalt crust showing the hypothesized origin of the metalliferous hydrothermal sediments drilled by Leg 92. Seawater enters cracks and fissures in a recharge zone and circulates through hot basalt near the spreading center. This water cools the rock, leaches components from it, and exchange reactions take place. Some precipitation of reduced species takes place in the rocks beneath the spreading center. Deposition of su If ides, sulfates, and oxides also takes place near hot and warm water vents as the fluids emerge. Particulate mineral material rises as a buoyant plume and is advected away from the ridge by deep water circulation. This material is oxidized in the seawater, absorbs additional trace metals from seawater, and is finally deposited to form the distal metalliferous sediment that was drilled and studied by Leg 92. Illustration conceived by Gary Massoth, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, NOAA, Seattle, WA and prepared for publication in this volume by DSDP art staff. Trace metal co-precipitation I I I I

compounds Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project

A Project Planned by and Carried Out With the Advice of the JOINT OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTIONS FOR DEEP EARTH SAMPLING (JOIDES)

VOLUME XCII covering Leg 92 of the cruises of the Drilling Vessel Glomar Challenger Papeete, Tahiti, to Balboa, Panama February-April, 1983

PARTICIPATING SCIENTISTS Margaret Leinen, David K. Rea, Roger N. Anderson, Keir Becker, Jacques J. Boulègue, Jörg Erzinger, Joris M. Gieskes, David Goldberg, Marjorie Goldfarb, Robert Goldsborough, Michael A. Hobart, Miriam Kastner, Stephen Knüttel, Mitchell W. Lyle, Daniel Moos, Robin Newmark, Tadashi Nishitani, Robert M. Owen, Julian A. Pearce, Karen Romine, and Ralph A. Stephen SHIPBOARD SCIENCE REPRESENTATIVE Keir Becker EDITOR Marian Bailey

Prepared for the NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION National Ocean Sediment Coring Program Under Contract C-482 By the UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Scripps Institution of Oceanography Prime Contractor for the Project This material is based upon research supported by the National Sci- ence Foundation under Contract No. C-482.

Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. It is recommended that reference to the whole or to part of this volume be made in one of the following forms, as appropriate: Leinen, M., Rea, D. K., et al., Init. Repts. DSDP, 92: Wash- ington (U.S. Govt. Printing Office). Leinen, M., and Graybeal, A., Sedimentation in the vicinity of Leg 92 drill sites: studies of site survey cores. In Leinen, M., Rea, D. K., et al., Init. Repts. DSDP, 92: Washington (U.S. Govt. Printing Office), -

Effective Publication Dates of DSDP Initial Reports According to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, the date of publication of a work and of a contained name or statement affecting nomenclature is the date on which the publication was mailed to subscribers, placed on sale, or when the whole edition is distributed free of charge, mailed to institutions and individuals to whom free copies are distributed. The mailing date, not the printed date, is the correct one. Mailing dates of the more recent Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project are as follows:

Mailing dates: Volume 82—June, 1985 Volume 83—April, 1985 Volume 84—May, 1985 Volume 85—October, 1985 Volume 86—November, 1985 Volume 90—January, 1986

Printed November 1986

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 74—603338

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402

Stock number 038-000-00569-3 IV The world's first major oceanographic expedition took place between 1872 and 1876. This expedition, aboard the H.M.S. Challenger covering nearly 70,000 nautical miles and gathering oceanographic data from 362 stations, expand- ed our knowledge of the ocean and provided a solid foundation for future studies in marine geology. A century later, another vessel also named Challenger continued to expand our knowledge of the world's ocean and helped revolutionize our concepts of how the seafloor and the continents form and change. The drilling vessel Glomar Challenger sailed the same waters as its historic counterpart, seeking answers to new questions concerning the history of our planet and the life it supports. The continued advancement of knowledge about the fundamental processes and dynamics of the earth is leading to a greater understanding of our planet and more intelligent use of its resources. Since 1968, the Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) has been supported by the National Sci- ence Foundation, primarily through a contract with the University of California which, in turn, subcontracted to Global Marine Incorporated for the services of the D/V Glomar Challenger. Through contracts with Joint Oceanographic Institutions, Inc. (JOI, Inc.), the National Sci- ence Foundation supported the scientific advisory structure for the project and funded predrill- ing geophysical site surveys. Scientific planning was conducted under the auspices of the Joint Oceanographic Institutions for Deep Earth Sam- pling (JOIDES). The JOIDES advisory group consisted of over 250 members who made up 24 committees, panels, and working groups. The members were distinguished scientists from academic institutions, government agencies, and private industry all over the world. In 1975, the International Phase of Ocean Drilling (IPOD) began. The IPOD member nations, Federal Republic of Germany, Japan, Uni- ted Kingdom, Soviet Union, and France, partial- ly supported the project. Each member nation actively participated in the scientific planning of the project through membership in JOIDES. Sci- entists from these countries also took part in the field work aboard the D/V Glomar Challenger and postcruise scientific studies. The first ocean coring operations for the Deep ged holes and performed geophysical and geo- Sea Drilling Project began on August 11, 1968. chemical studies before, during, and after drill- During the ensuing years of drilling operations ing. Long-term downhole geophysical seismic in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans, the monitoring devices have been implanted success- Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, Mediterranean fully in DSDP holes. These new listening devices Sea, and Antarctic waters, the scientific objec- and geophysical studies have provided valuable tives that had been proposed were successfully information about the origin and nature of the accomplished. Primarily, the age of the ocean ba- dynamic processes of plate tectonics. sins and their processes of development were de- These reports contain the results of the initial termined. The validity of the hypothesis of sea- studies of the recovered core material and the as- floor spreading was firmly demonstrated and its sociated geophysical information. All the world's dynamics studied. Emphasis was placed on broad people benefit either directly or indirectly from reconnaissance and testing the involvement of this fundamental research. Knowledge about past mid-oceanic ridge systems in the development of and present conditions and processes are the the ocean basin. Later legs of the Challengers foundations for future predictions and develop- voyages concentrated on the nature of the oce- ments. Both short- and long-term benefits are ob- anic crust, the sedimentary history of the pas- tained by advances in drilling technology and in- sive ocean margins, sediment dynamics along ac- strumentation. Information is being obtained tive ocean margins, and other areas of interest. about the origin and geographic distribution of The accumulated results of this project have led natural resources. Just as the H.M.S. Challeng- to major new interpretations of the pattern of er had a profound impact on scientific thought sedimentation and the physical and chemical cha- for over a century, this second Challenger expe- racteristics of the ancient oceans. dition has given a greater understanding of the Technological advances have provided new oceans and the processes that form and shape the tools which in turn have opened new dimensions earth. of scientific discovery. The introduction of the Hydraulic Piston Corer in 1979 permitted virtu- ally undisturbed cores of soft sediment layers to be obtained. This technological advance has greatly enhanced the ability of scientists to study ancient ocean environments, as recorded by sediment characteristics and flora and fauna pre- Erich Bloch, served in these deposits. Director A second major advance has been the use of the hole after drilling. The project routinely log- Washington, D.C.

VI Recognizing the need in the oceanographic community for scientific planning of a program to obtain deep sedimentary cores from the ocean bottoms, four of the major oceanographic institutions that had strong interests and programs in the fields of marine geology and geophysics formed, in May 1964, the Joint Oceanographic Institutions for Deep Earth Sampling (JOIDES). This group, Lamont- Doherty Geological Observatory; Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami; the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic In- stitution, expressed an interest in undertaking scientific planning and guidance of the sedimentary drilling program. It was the pur- pose of this group to foster programs to in- vestigate the sediments and rocks beneath the deep oceans by drilling and coring. The membership of this original group was later enlarged in 1968 when the University of Washington became a member, and again in 1975 when University of Hawaii Institute of Geophysics, the Oregon State University School of Oceanography, the University of Rhode Island Graduate School of Oceanogra- phy, and Texas A&M University Department of Oceanography became members. In accordance with international agreements, institutions of participating nations became members of JOIDES. Thus, during 1974 to 1976, the Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe of the Federal Republic of Germany, the Centre National pour PExploitation des Oceans of France, the Natural Environment Research Council of the United Kingdom, the University of Tokyo of Japan, and Academy of Sciences of the USSR became JOIDES members.. Through discussions sponsored by the JOIDES organization, with support from the National Science Foundation, Columbia University's Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory operated a drilling program in the summer of 1965, on the Blake Plateau region off Jacksonville, Florida.

vn With this success in hand, planning began ing Project, following a Sample Distribution for a more extensive deep sea effort. This Policy (p. xix) approved by the National Sci- resulted in the award of a contract by the ence Foundation. National Science Foundation to the Scripps In- The advent of Glomar Challenger, with its stitution of Oceanography, University of Cali- deep-water drilling capability, is exceedingly fornia at San Diego for an eighteen-month timely. It has come when geophysical investiga- drilling program in the Atlantic and Pacific tion of the oceans has matured through 20 to 30 oceans, termed the Deep Sea Drilling Project years of vigorous growth to the point where we (DSDP). Operations at sea began in August have some knowledge about much of the for- 1968, using the now-famous drilling vessel, the merly unknown oceanic areas of our planet. Glomar Challenger. About one million miles of traverses have been The goal of the Deep Sea Drilling Project made which tell us much about the global pat- is to gather scientific information that will help tern of gravity, magnetic and thermal anoma- determine the age and processes of develop- lies, and about the composition, thickness, and ment of the ocean basins. The primary strategy stratigraphy of the sedimentary cover of the is to drill deep holes into the ocean floor, rely- deep sea and continental margin. The coverage ing largely on technology developed by the with such data has enabled the site selection petroleum industry. panels to pick choice locations for drilling. The Through the efforts of the principal or- knowledge gained from each hole can be ex- ganizations and of the panel members, who tended into the surrounding area. Detailed geo- were drawn from a large cross section of lead- physical surveys were made for most of the ing earth scientists and associates, a scientific selected locations prior to drilling. program was developed. The earth sciences have recently matured Cores recovered from deep beneath the from an empirical status to one in which sub- ocean floor provide reference material for a stantial theories and hypotheses about major multitude of studies in fields such as biostratig- tectonic processes are flourishing. Theories raphy, physical stratigraphy, and paleomag- about the origin of magnetic fields and mag- netism that afford a new scope for investigating netic reversals, about ocean floor spreading and the physical and chemical aspects of sediment continental drift, and about the thermal history provenance, transportation, deposition, and of our planet have led to specific predictions diagenesis. In-hole measurements, as feasible, that could be tested best by an enlightened pro- provide petrophysical data to permit inference gram of sampling of deep sea and continental of lithology of intervals from which no cores margin sediments and underlying rocks. were recovered. In October 1975, the International Phase A report, describing the core materials and of Ocean Drilling (IPOD) began. This in- information obtained both at sea and in lab- ternational interest, and the true participation oratories onshore, is published after the com- of both the scientists and governments of a pletion of each cruise. These reports are a number of nations, are eloquent testimony to cooperative effort of shipboard and shore- the importance of the work being done by the based scientists and are intended primarily to be Deep Sea Drilling Project. a compilation of results which, it is hoped, will The members of JOIDES and DSDP and be the starting point for many future new and the scientists from all interested organizations exciting research programs. Preliminary inter- and nations who have served on the various ad- pretations of the data and observations taken at visory panels are proud to have been of service sea are also included. and believe that the information and core ma- Core materials and data collected on each terials that have been obtained will be of value cruise will be made available to qualified scien- to students of earth sciences and to all human- tists through the Curator of the Deep Sea Drill- ity for many years to come.

Vlll Deep Sea Drilling Project

MEMBER ORGANIZATIONS OF THE JOINT OPERATING INSTITUTION: OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTIONS FOR DEEP EARTH SAMPLING (JOIDES):1 Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California at San Diego Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, La Jolla, California Federal Republic of Germany W. A. Nierenberg, Director University of California at San Diego, Scripps Institution of Oceanography DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECT Centre National pour PExploitation des Oceans, Paris Dr. M. N. A. Peterson Columbia University, Lamont-Doherty Geological Principal Investigator Observatory Project Manager University of Hawaii, Hawaii Institute of Geophysics Mr. Robert S. Bower Assistant Project Manager for University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Administration and Contracts Atmospheric Science Dr. Yves Lancelot Natural Environment Research Council, London Chief Scientist Oregon State University, School of Oceanography Mr. Ed Dean Finance Administrator University of Rhode Island, Graduate School of Oceanography Ms. Sue Strain Personnel Officer Texas A&M University, Department of Oceanography University of Tokyo, Ocean Research Institute University of Washington, Department of Oceanography U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences2 Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution University of Texas at Austin

Includes member organizations during time of cruise. This institution and its committee and panel members were noncontributing members of JOIDES at time of cruise.

IX Participants aboard GLOMAR CHALLEIXGER for Leg: Ninety-two

Dr. Margaret Leinen Dr. Marjorie Goldfarb Co-Chief Scientist Igneous Petrologist Graduate School of Oceanography Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of Rhode Island La Jolla, California 92093 Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882 Mr. Robert Goldsborough Dr. David K. Rea Engineer Co-Chief Scientist Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Department of Atmospheric and Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543 Oceanic Science University of Michigan Mr. Michael A. Hobart Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 Packer, Logging, and Heat Flow Specialist Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory Dr. Roger N. Anderson Palisades, New York 10964 Packer and Logging Specialist Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory Dr. Miriam Kastner Palisades, New York 10964 Sedimentologist/Geochemist Geological Research Division Dr. Keir Becker Scripps Institution of Oceanography Heat Flow and Physical Properties La Jolla, California 92093 Specialist/Staff Science Representative Deep Sea Drilling Project Mr. Stephen Knüttel Scripps Institution of Oceanography La Jolla, California 92093 Paleontologist (nannofossils) Department of Geology Dr. Jacques J. Boulègue Florida State University Porewater Geochemist Tallahassee, Florida 32306 Laboratoire de Géochimie et Metallogénie Dr. Mitchell W. Lyle Université de Paris Sedimentologist/Geochemist 75230 Paris Cedex 05 School of Oceanography France Oregon State University Corvallis, Oregon 97331 Dr. Jörg Erzinger Igneous Petrologist/Geochemist Dr. Daniel Moos Mineralogisch-Petrologisches Institut Downhole Instrument Specialist Justus-Liebig Universitat Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory D-6300 Giessen Palisades, New York 10964 Federal Republic of Germany Dr. Robin Newmark Dr. Joris M. Gieskes Downhole Instrument Specialist Geochemist/Sedimentologist Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory Geological Research Division Palisades, New York 10964 Scripps Institution of Oceanography La Jolla, California 92093 Dr. Tadashi Nishitani Paleomagnetist Dr. David Goldberg Institute of Mining Geology Logging Specialist Akita University Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory Akita 010 Palisades, New York 10964 Japan

XI Dr. Robert M. Owen Mr. James Pine Sedimentologist/Geochemist Chemist Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Deep Sea Drilling Project University of Michigan Scripps Institution of Oceanography Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 La Jolla, California 92093

Dr. Julian A. Pearce Mr. William Meyer Igneous Petrologist Computer Systems Manager Department of Earth Sciences Deep Sea Drilling Project Open University Scripps Institution of Oceanography Milton Keynes La Jolla, California 92093 United Kingdom Mr. Patrick Thompson Special Tools Technician Ms. Karen Romine Deep Sea Drilling Project Paleontologist (radiolarians) Scripps Institution of Oceanography Graduate School of Oceanography La Jolla, California 92093 University of Rhode Island Kingston, Rhode Island 02881 Mr. Michael Reitmeyer Electronics Technician Dr. Ralph A. Stephen Deep Sea Drilling Project Seismologist Scripps Institution of Oceanography Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution La Jolla, California 92093 Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543 Mr. Daniel A. Larson Mr. Michael Storms Electronics Technician Cruise Operations Manager Deep Sea Drilling Project Deep Sea Drilling Project Scripps Institution of Oceanography Scripps Institution of Oceanography La Jolla, California 92093 La Jolla, California 92093 Mr. Roy Davis Captain Joseph M. Clarke Marine Technician Master of the Drilling Vessel Deep Sea Drilling Project Global Marine Drilling Co. Scripps Institution of Oceanography San Diego, California 92111 La Jolla, California 92093 Mr. Craig Hallman Mr. Howard P. Guillot Marine Technician Drilling Superintendent Deep Sea Drilling Project Global Marine Drilling Co. Scripps Institution of Oceanography San Diego, California 92111 La Jolla, California 92093 Mr. Ted Gustafson Mr. Thomas Haldeman Laboratory Officer Marine Technician Deep Sea Drilling Project Deep Sea Drilling Project Scripps Institution of Oceanography Scripps Institution of Oceanography La Jolla, California 92093 La Jolla, California 92093 Ms. Paula Weiss Mr. Will Sooter Curatorial Representative Marine Technician Deep Sea Drilling Project/ECR Deep Sea Drilling Project Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory Scripps Institution of Oceanography Palisades, New York 10964 La Jolla, California 92093

XII Mr. Victor Sotelo Ms. Joanne R. Collins Photographer Yeoperson Deep Sea Drilling Project Deep Sea Drilling Project Scripps Institution of Oceanography Scripps Institution of Oceanography La Jolla, California 92093 La Jolla, California 92093

Deep Sea Drilling Project Publications Staff

Publications Manager Production Manager Art-Photo Supervisor Jan H. Blakeslee Mary A. Young Virginia L. Roman (this volume) Editors Production Assistants Illustrators Marian G. Bailey Patricia Duley Aileen Bobryk Susan Orlofsky Madeleine A. Mahnken Vicki Cypherd Katie L. Turner Kathleen Sanderson Production Coordinators Alice N. Thompson (this volume) Carolina Bertling

xπi JOIDES Advisory Groups1

Executive Committee Dr. Joe R. Cann Dr. D. James Baker, Jr. University of Newcastle-upon- Tyne University of Washington Dr. Joe S. Creager Prof. Dr. Friedrich Bender University of Washington Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe Dr. Dennis E. Hayes Dr. Alan Berman, Chairman Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science Dr. Jose Honnorez, Chairman Dr. Bernard Biju-Duval Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science Centre National pour I'Exploitation des Oceans Dr. James P. Kennett Dr. John C. Bowman University of Rhode Island Natural Environment Research Council Dr. Kazuo Kobayashi Dr. G. Ross Heath University of Tokyo Oregon State University Dr. Yves Lancelot (ex-officio) Dr. Charles E. Helsley Scripps Institution of Oceanography Hawaii Institute of Geophysics Dr. Ralph Moberly Dr. Jose Honnorez (ex-officio Hawaii Institute of Geophysics Planning Committee Representative) Dr. Lev Nikitin Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences Dr. John A. Knauss Dr. Hans Schrader University of Rhode Island Oregon State University Dr. Arthur Maxwell Dr. Richard P. Von Herzen University of Texas at Austin Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Dr. Noriyuki Nasu Dr. Edward L. Winterer University of Tokyo Scripps Institution of Oceanography Dr. William A. Nierenberg Advisory Panel on Sedimentary Petrology Scripps Institution of Oceanography and Physical Properties Dr. Richard Bennett Dr. Melvin N. A. Peterson (ex-officio) Scripps Institution of Oceanography Naval Ocean Research and Development Activity Dr. Barry Raleigh Mr. Robert E. Boyce (ex-officio) Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory Scripps Institution of Oceanography Dr. Robert D. Reid Dr. Richard Carlson Texas A&M University Texas A&M University Dr. Alexander V. Sidorenko Dr. Walter E. Dean, Jr. U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences U.S. Geological Survey Dr. John Steele Dr. George deVries Klein, Chairman Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution University of Illinois, Urbana Planning Committee Dr. Leland Kraft Dr. Jean Aubouin McClelland Engineers, Inc. Université Pierre et Marie Curie Dr. Michael T. Ledbetter Dr. Helmut Beiersdorf Moss Landing Marine Laboratories Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe Dr. I. Nick McCave Dr. William R. Bryant University of East Anglia Texas A&M University Dr. Frederic Mélières Dr. Richard T. Buffler Université Pierre et Marie Curie University of Texas at Austin Dr. Ralph Moberly (ex-officio) Hawaii Institute of Geophysics

Membership at time of cruise. Dr. Gregory Mountain Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory

xv Dr. Peter Rothe Mr. Melvin J. Hill Universitàt Mannheim Gulf Oil Exploration and Production Company Dr. Peter P. Timofeev Dr. Ing. Guenter Peterson U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences Gewerkschaft Walter Advisory Panel on Organic Geochemistry Mr. W. A. Roberts, Chairman Dr. Earl W. Baker Energy Concepts, Inc. Florida Atlantic University Dr. Gilbert Rutman Dr. Miriam Baltuck (ex-officio) Société Nationale des Pétroles d'Aquitaine Scripps Institution of Oceanography Mr. G. Williams Dr. Simon C. Brassell United Kingdom Offshore Operators Association, Ltd. University of Bristol Advisory Panel on Ocean Crust Dr. Egon T. Degens Dr. Roger N. Anderson Universitàt Hamburg Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory Dr. Eric Galimov Dr. Henri Bougault U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences Centre Océanologique de Bretagne (CNEXO) Dr. John M. Hunt Dr. John R. Delaney Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution University of Washington Dr. Keith A. Kvenvolden Dr. Donald Elthon U.S. Geological Survey University of Houston Dr. Philip A. Meyers Prof. Dr. Rolf Emmermann University of Michigan Universitàt Giessen Dr. Hans Schrader (ex-officio) Dr. Kenneth C. MacDonald Oregon State University University of California, Santa Barbara Dr. Bernd R. T. Simoneit, Chairman Dr. Ralph Moberly (ex-officio) Oregon State University Hawaii Institute of Geophysics Advisory Panel on Information Handling Dr. James Natland (ex-officio) Dr. Daniel E. Appleman, Chairman Scripps Institution of Oceanography Smithsonian Institution Dr. Minoru Ozima Dr. Joe S. Creager (ex-officio) University of Tokyo University of Washington Dr. Paul Robinson, Chairman Dr. John C. Hathaway Dalhousie University U.S. Geological Survey Dr. Hans Schouten Dr. Alfred Loeblich, Jr. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution University of California, Los Angeles Dr. Ralph Stephen Dr. Michael S. Loughridge Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Dr. John Tarney Dr. Marthe Melguen University of Leicester Bureau National des Données Océaniques Dr. Andrei A. Tsvetkov Dr. Russell Merrill (ex-officio) U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences Scripps Institution of Oceanography Advisory Panel on Ocean Margin (Active) Mrs. Judit Nowak Dr. Peter F. Barker Bundesanstalt für Geomssenschaften und Rohstoffe University of Birmingham Dr. John B. Saunders Dr. Jean-Paul Cadet Naturhistorisches Museum Basel Université d'Orleans Dr. Valery V. Zdorovenin Dr. William Coulbourn (ex-officio) U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences Scripps Institution of Oceanography Industrial Liaison Panel Dr. Darrell Cowan Mr. R. L. Adams University of Washington Conoco Inc. Prof. Nikolai P. Budnikov Dr. Joe S. Creager (ex-officio) Ministry of Geology of the U.S.S.R. University of Washington Dr. Yury I. Dmitriev U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences xvi Dr. Dennis E. Hayes (ex-officio) Dr. George Claypool Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory U.S. Geological Survey Dr. Donald M. Hussong, Chairman Dr. Louis E. Garrison, Chairman Hawaii Institute of Geophysics U.S. Geological Survey Dr. Daniel Karig Dr. Arthur E. Green Cornell University Exxon Production Research Laboratory Dr. John W. Ladd Dr. Jose Honnorez (ex-officio) Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science Dr. Kazuaki Nakamura Prof. A. J. Horn University of Tokyo Atherton, California Dr. Roland von Huene Dr. Ernst Hotz U.S. Geological Survey Deminex, Essen, Federal Republic of Germany Dr. Hansjust Walther Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe Dr. Yves Lancelot (ex-officio) Scripps Institution of Oceanography Advisory Panel on Ocean Margin (Passive) Dr. David B. MacKenzie Dr. Mikhail E. Artemiev Marathon Oil Company U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences Dr. Geoffrey D. Taylor Dr. Arnold H. Bouma British Petroleum Co., Ltd. Gulf Research and Development Company Advisory Panel on Inorganic Geochemistry Dr. William R. Bryant (ex-officio) Dr. Miriam Baltuck (ex-officio) Texas A&M University Scripps Institution of Oceanography Dr. Karl Hinz Dr. Stephen E. Calvert Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe University of British Columbia Dr. Hideo Kagami Dr. Joe R. Cann (ex-officio) University of Tokyo University of Newcastle-upon- Tyne Dr. Charlotte Keene Dr. Henry Elderfield Geological Survey of Canada University of Leeds Dr. Yves Lancelot (ex-officio) Dr. Michel Hoffert Scripps Institution of Oceanography Université de Bretagne Occidentale Dr. Lucien Montadert Dr. Miriam Kastner, Chairman Institut Français du Pétrole Scripps Institution of Oceanography Dr. David G. Roberts, Chairman Dr. Margaret Leinen British Petroleum Co., Ltd. University of Rhode Island Dr. William B. F. Ryan Dr. Igor D. Ryabchikov Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences Dr. Sigmund Snelson Dr. Sam Savin Shell Oil Company Case Western Reserve University Dr. Jòrn Thiede Dr. Fred L. Sayles Christian-A Ibrechts Universitat Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Dr. Brian E. Tucholke Dr. Hubert Staudigel Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory Dr. Peter R. Vail Dr. Karl-Heinz Wedepohl Exxon Production Company Universitat Göttingen Dr. Jan E. van Hinte Stratigraphic Correlations Panel Vrije Universiteit Dr. Ivan Basov Dr. Edward L. Winterer (ex-officio) U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences Scripps Institution of Oceanography Dr. Lloyd H. Burckle Advisory Panel on Pollution Prevention and Safety Dr. Nikolai I. Beliy Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory Ministry of Gas Industry, U.S.S.R. Dr. James P. Kennett (ex-officio) Dr. Rustum Jean Byramjee University of Rhode Island Compagnie Français des Pétroles Prof. Dr. Erlend Martini Universitat Frankfurt

XVII Dr. Catherine Nigrini Dr. Dieter Fütterer La Habra Heights, California Universitat Kiel Dr. Richard Z. Poore, Chairman Dr. Robert E. Garrison U.S. Geological Survey University of California, Santa Cruz Dr. Ellen Thomas (ex-officio) Dr. James D. Hays Scripps Institution of Oceanography Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory Dr. James P. Kennett (ex-officio) Downhole Measurements Panel University of Rhode Island Dr. Keir Becker (ex-officio) Dr. Robert B. Kidd Scripps Institution of Oceanography Institute of Oceanographic Sciences (NERC) Dr. William Bryant (ex-officio) Dr. Theodore C. Moore, Jr. Texas A&M University Exxon Production Research Company Dr. Nikolas I. Christensen Dr. Seymour O. Schlanger University of Washington Northwestern University Dr. Timothy J. G. Francis Dr. Yokichi Takayanagi Institute of Oceanographic Sciences (NERC) Tohoku University Dr. Roy Hyndman Dr. Fritz Theyer Department of Energy, Mines and Resources, Hawaii Institute of Geophysics British Columbia Dr. Ellen Thomas (ex-officio) Mr. Alfred H. Jageler Scripps Institution of Oceanography Amoco Production Research Company Dr. Peter P. Timofeev Dr. Reinhard Jung U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe Dr. Hajimu Kinoshita Advisory Panel on Site Surveying Chiba University Dr. Helmut Beiersdorf (ex-officio) Dr. Mark Mathews Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe Los Alamos National Laboratory Mr. Carl Brenner (ex-officio) Dr. Yury Neprochnov Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences Dr. Fred Duennebier Dr. Lev Nikitin (ex-officio) Hawaii Institute of Geophysics U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences Dr. Dennis Hayes (ex-officio) Dr. Vincent Renard Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory Centre Océanologique de Bretagne (CNEXO) Dr. E. John W. Jones, Chairman Dr. Richard P. Von Herzen, Chairman University College of London Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Dr. Shozaburo Nagumo Advisory Panel on Ocean Paleoenvironment University of Tokyo Dr. Michael Arthur, Chairman Dr. Vincent Renard University of South Carolina, Columbia Centre Océanologique de Bretagne (CNEXO) Dr. Helmut Beiersdorf (ex-officio) Dr. Matthew Salisbury (ex-officio) Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe Scripps Institution of Oceanography Dr. Hervé Chamley Dr. Alexander A. Schreider Université des Sciences et Techniques de Lille U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences Dr. Robert G. Douglas Dr. Wilfried Weigel Universitat Hamburg University of Southern California

xviπ SAMPLE DISTRIBUTION POLICY *

Distribution of Ocean Drilling Program and of Deep TWO MONTHS in advance of the departure of that Sea Drilling Project samples is undertaken in order to cruise, in order to allow time for the review of the re- (1) provide support to shipboard scientists in achieving quest in conjunction with other requests, so that a the scientific objectives of their cruise, and support suitable shipboard sampling program can be assem- shorebased investigators who are preparing contribu- bled. The request should include a statement of the tions to DSDP and ODP reports; (2) provide individ- nature of the proposed research, size and approxi- ual investigators with materials to conduct detailed mate number of samples required to complete the studies beyond the scope of ODP reports; (3) provide study, and any particular sampling technique or equip- paleontological reference centers with samples for ment which may be required. Requests will be re- reference and comparison purposes; and (4) provide viewed by the staff representative and co-chief scien- educators with samples for teaching purposes. tists of the cruise and by the Curator. Approval/dis- Funding for sample-related activities must be secured approval will be based upon the scientific require- by the investigator independently of requesting the ments of the cruise as determined by the appropriate samples. JOIDES advisory panel(s). The scope of a request must be such that samples can be processed, that The Ocean Drilling Program Curator is responsible proposed research can be completed, and that the pa- for distributing samples and for preserving and con- per can be written in time for submission to the rele- serving core material. The Curator, who may accept vant ODP cruise report. advice from chairmen of the appropriate JOIDES advisory panels, is responsible for enforcing the pro- Except for rare, specific instances involving ephem- visions of this sample distribution policy. He is re- eral properties, the total volume of samples removed sponsible for maintaining a record of all samples that during a cruise-related sampling program will not ex- have been distributed, both onboard ship and subse- ceed one-quarter of the volume of core recovered, and quently from the repositories, indicating the recipi- no interval will be depleted. One-half of all recovered ents and the nature of investigations proposed. This materials will be retained in the archives in as pristine information is available to interested investigators on a condition as is practicable. Investigators requesting request. shipboard samples of igneous materials may receive a maximum of 100 igneous samples per cruise. Every sample distributed from the ship or from a repository is labeled with a standard identifier, which Because many sample requests are received for ship- includes leg number, hole number, core and section board work and because the time of the shipboard numbers, and interval within the section from which party is at a premium, co-chief scientists are strongly the sample was removed. It is imperative that this urged to limit shipboard sampling to the minimum standard identifier be associated with all data report- necessary to accomplish the cruise objectives. Shore- ed in the literature, and that residues of the sample based investigators whose requests for cruise-related remain labeled throughout their lives, so that later samples are approved should expect that they will re- workers can relate the data to the cores. ceive the samples after the cores are returned to the repository, and should schedule research activities ac- Distribution of sample materials is made directly from cordingly. the repositories (Lamont-Doherty Geological Observ- atory, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, or Texas Co-chief scientists may invite investigators who are A&M University) by the Curator or his designated not cruise participants to perform special studies of representative. selected core samples in direct support of shipboard activities. If this occurs, the names and addresses of these investigators and details of all samples loaned 1. Distribution of Samples for Research Leading to or distributed to them must be forwarded to the Cu- Contributions to ODP Reports rator, via the ODP Staff Representative to that cruise, Any investigator who wishes to contribute to the re- immediately after the cruise. These investigators are ports of a scheduled cruise may write to the Curator, expected to contribute to the cruise reports as though Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A&M University, Col- they had been cruise participants. All requirements lege Station, Texas 77843-3469, U.S.A., in order to of the Sample Distribution Policy apply. request samples from that cruise. Requests for a spe- Any publication of results other than in ODP re- cific cruise must be received by the Curator at least ports within twelve (12) months of completion of the •Revised October 1984

xix cruise must be approved and authored by the whole ered together, approval of requests and distri- shipboard party and, where appropriate, shorebased bution of samples will be delayed until twelve investigators. After twelve months, individual inves- (12) months after completion of the cruise or tigators may submit related papers for open publica- two (2) months after official publication of the tion provided they have already submitted their con- core descriptions, whichever occurs earlier. The tributions to ODP reports. Investigations which are only exceptions to this policy will be made for not completed in time for inclusion in ODP reports specific requests involving ephemeral proper- for a specific cruise may be published in a later edi- ties. Requests for samples may be based on tion of ODP reports; however, they may not appear core descriptions published in ODP reports in another journal until the ODP report for which produced by the shipboard party, copies of they were intended has been published. which are on file at various institutions throughout the world. Copies of original core logs and data are kept on open file at ODP, 2. Distribution of Samples for Research Leading to and at the repositories at Lamont-Doherty Ge- Publication Outside of the DSDP and ODP Reports ological Observatory and at Scripps Institu- tion of Oceanography. A. Researchers who wish to use samples for studies beyond the scope of the DSDP or ODP re- B. Most investigations can be accomplished hand- ports should obtain sample request forms from ily with sample volumes of 10 ml or less. In- the Curator, Ocean Drilling Program, Texas vestigators must provide explicit justification A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843- of requests for larger sample sizes or for fre- 3469, U.S.A. Requestors are required to spe- quent intervals within a core. Requests which cify the quantities and intervals of core re- exceed reasonable size or frequency limits will quired, to make a clear statement of the nature require explicit justifications and more time to of the proposed research, to state the time process, and are unlikely to be granted in their which will be required to complete the work entirety. and to submit results for publication, and to specify funding status and the availability of Requests for samples from thin layers, from equipment and space for the research. stratigraphically important boundaries, from sections which are badly depleted or in unusu- Additionally, if the requestor has received sam- ally high demand may be delayed in order to ples from ODP or from DSDP previously, he/ coordinate requests from several investigators she will be required to account for the dispo- or while the Curator seeks advice from the sition of those samples by citing published community. Investigators who submit such re- works, six (6) copies of which must be sent to quests may expect to receive suggestions for the Curator. If no report has been published, alternative sampling programs or that they this requirement can be fulfilled by sending a join a research consortium which will share brief (two or three page) report of the status of the research. Unused and residual samples the samples. In any event, such exceptional re- should be returned and data should be sent to quests will require more time for processing the Curator if the project has terminated. Pa- than will more routine requests. leontological materials may be returned either Investigators who wish to study ephemeral to the Curator at ODP or to one of the desig- properties may request a waiver of the waiting nated paleontological reference centers. If ma- period; however, such requests will be referred terial is returned to a reference center, notify automatically to the relevant co-chiefs. If ap- the Curator when it is sent. proved, the investigator will join the shorebased contributors to the shipboard science Requests for samples from researchers in in- effort, and will incur the obligations thereof dustrial laboratories will be honored in the (see section 1). same manner as those from academic organizations. Industrial investigators have the same C. Samples will not be provided until the reques- obligations as other investigators to publish all tor assures the Curator that funding for the results promptly in the open literature and to provide the Curator with copies of all reports proposed research is available or unnecessary. published and of all data acquired in their re- If a sample request is dependent in any way search. upon proposed funding, the Curator is prepared to provide the proposed funding organi- In order to ensure that all requests for highly zation with information on the availability (or desirable but limited samples can be consid- potential availability) of suitable samples.

xx D. Investigators who receive samples incur the fol- order to avoid disappointment. Only the Cu- lowing obligations: rator or his delegate may actually remove sam- (1) To publish significant results promptly; ples from the cores. however, no contribution may be submitted for publication prior to twelve (12) months fol- F. A reference library of thin sections, smear lowing the termination of the relevant leg un- slides, and archive photographs is maintained less it is approved and authored by the entire in the repositories for the use of visting inves- shipboard party. tigators. All thin sections and smear slides produced onboard the ship or in the repositories (2) To acknowledge in all publications that the belong to this library. samples were supplied through the assistance of the international Ocean Drilling Program and others as appropriate. 3. Distribution of Samples to Paleontological Refer- (3) To submit six (6) copies of reprints of all ence Centers published works to the Curator, Ocean Drill- As a separate and special category of repository ac- ing Program, Texas A&M University, College tivity, selected samples are being distributed to pale- Station, Texas 77843-3469, U.S.A. These re- ontological reference centers, where the prepared ma- prints will be distributed to the repositories, to terial may be studied by visitors. As of this writing the ship, to the National Science Foundation, (mid-1984), Foraminifera and Calcareous Nannofos- and to the Curator's reprint file. sils can be viewed; Radiolaria and Diatoms will be prepared in the future. The present centers are Scripps (4) To submit all final analytical data obtained Institution of Oceanography, California (W. R. Rie- from the samples to Data Base Manager, Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A&M University, Col- del, tel. 619-452-4386); Basel Natural History Muse- lege Station, Texas 77843-3469, U.S.A. Please um, Switzerland (J. B. Saunders, tel. 061-25.82.82); consult recent issues of the JOIDES Journal and New Zealand Geological Survey, Lower Hutt, or call (409-845-2673) for information on ac- New Zealand (A. R. Edwards, tel. 699.059). Future ceptable data formats. Investigators should be centers are likely to include Texas A&M University, aware that they may have other data obliga- College Station, Texas (S. Gartner, tel. 409-845-8479); tions under NSF's Ocean Science Data Policy Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.; Lamont- or under relevant policies of other funding Doherty Geological Observatory, Palisades, New agencies which require submission of data to York; and an as yet undesignated center in Japan. national data centers. Further details concerning the paleontological refer- (5) To return all unused or residual samples, in ence centers are reported periodically in the JOIDES good condition and with a detailed explana- Journal. tion of any processing they may have experi- enced, upon termination of the proposed re- 4. Distribution of Samples for Educational Purposes search. In particular, all thin sections and Samples may be available in limited quantities to col- smear slides manufactured onboard the vessel lege-level educators for teaching purposes. Interested or in the repositories are to be returned to the educators should request application forms from the Curator. Paleontological materials may be re- Curator, Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A&M Uni- turned either to the Curator at ODP or to one versity, College Station, Texas 77843-3469, U.S.A. Re- of the designated paleontological reference cen- questors are required to specify preferred sample size ters. and location, to make a very clear statement of the Failure to honor these obligations will preju- nature of the coursework in which the samples will be dice future applications for samples. used, to explain how the core samples will be prepared and how they will be used in the classroom, to E. Cores are available for examination by inter- explain in detail why they cannot use similar materi- ested parties at the repositories. Investigators als derived from outcrops or dredge hauls (it is NOT are welcome to visit the repositories in order to acceptable to argue that it requires less effort for the inspect cores and to specify sample locations requestor to obtain samples from ODP than to as- when that is required for their research; how- semble them from other sources), and to certify that ever, time and space in the workrooms are lim- funds are available to prepare the materials for class- ited, so advance appointments are required. room use. In general, only samples of materials which Occasionally, the space may be fully booked are abundant in the collection and which are in little several weeks in advance, so investigators are demand for research purposes should be requested urged to call for appointments well ahead in for educational purposes. The Curator will not ap-

xxi prove requests for materials which are limited in sup- At least through mid-1986, DSDP data will continue ply or for which demand (real or potential) is great, to be distributed by the Data Base Manager, Deep including most paleontological materials. Sea Drilling Project, A-031, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, U.S.A. A charge will be made to recover expenses in excess of $50.00 in- 5. Distribution of Data curred in filling individual requests. If required, esti- The Deep Sea Drilling Project and the Ocean Drilling mates of charges can be furnished before the work is Program routinely capture much of the data gener- performed. As DSDP phases down, DSDP data will ated onboard ship and published in Program reports. be available primarily from the National Geophysical Additionally, data supplied by investigators who have Data Center, Boulder, Colorado. received samples are incorporated into the data bases, Requests for ODP data should be addressed to the so data sets which are larger than can be published Data Base Manager, Ocean Drilling Program, Texas are available to investigators. Magnetics, downhole A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3469, logging, seismic reflection, bathymetric data, and oth- U.S.A. Many varieties of DSDP data will be included er data collected by the drilling vessel become avail- in ODP data bases. Information on sources of DSDP able for distribution to investigators at the same time data will be available from the ODP Data Base Man- as core samples. ager.

xxn CONTENTS

Chapter Page Chapter Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 1 11. PLANKTONIC FORAMINIFERS FROM OLIGOCENE TO PLEISTOCENE SEDI- PART I: INTRODUCTION AND SITE CHAPTERS MENTS, DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECT LEG 92 291 1. DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECT LEG 92, K. Romine SOUTHEAST PACIFIC OCEAN: INTRO- DUCTION, CRUISE NARRATIVE, PRIN- 12. CRUSTAL SUBSIDENCE AND CALCITE CIPAL RESULTS, AND EXPLANATORY DEPOSITION IN THE SOUTH PACIFIC NOTES 5 OCEAN 299 M. Leinen, D. K. Rea, and K. Becker D. K. Rea and M. Leinen 2. SITE 597 25 13. CALCIUM CARBONATE SEDIMENTA- Shipboard Scientific Party TION AT SUBTROPICAL SOUTH PA- CIFIC DRILL SITES FROM LEG 92 AND 3. SITE 598 97 THE CARBONATE STRATIGRAPHY OF Shipboard Scientific Party SITE 598: PRELIMINARY STUDIES 305 M. Leinen 4. SITE 599 117 Shipboard Scientific Party 14. POST-MIDDLE OLIGOCENE EOLIAN DEPOSITION FROM THE TRADE WINDS 5. SITES 600, 601, 602 143 OF THE SOUTHEAST PACIFIC 331 Shipboard Scientific Party M. K. Bloomstine and D. K. Rea 6. SITE 504 187 15. GRAIN SIZE CHANGES IN REWORKED Shipboard Scientific Party PELAGIC SEDIMENTS, DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECT SITE 599 .341 PART II: UNDERWAY GEOPHYSICS AND SITE D. K. Rea and T. R. Janecek SURVEY RESULTS 16. MINERALOGY AND DIAGENESIS OF 7. SOUTHEAST PACIFIC OCEAN TRAN- SEDIMENTS AT SITE 597: PRELIMINARY SECT, TAHITI TO PANAMA: GEOPHYSI- RESULTS 345 CAL PROFILES FROM DEEP SEA M. Kastner DRILLING PROJECT LEG 92 217 D. K. Rea PART IV: GEOCHEMISTRY OF SEDIMENTS AND PORE WATERS 8. SITE SURVEYS IN THE SOUTH PACIFIC WITH A SEABEAM SWATH-MAPPING 17. INTERLABORATORY COMPARISON OF SYSTEM 229 LEG 92 STANDARD SEDIMENT SAMPLE P. Lonsdale ANALYSES .353 R. M. Owen and D. E. Ruhlin 9. SEDIMENTATION IN THE VICINITY OF LEG 92 DRILL SITES: STUDIES OF SITE 18. MAJOR ELEMENT COMPOSITION OF SURVEY CORES 237 LEG 92 SEDIMENTS 355 M. Leinen and A. Graybeal M. W. Lyle 19. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF PACIFIC PART III: BIOSTRATIGRAPHY AND SEDIMENTS NEAR 20° S: CHANGES SEDIMENTOLOGY WITH INCREASING DISTANCE FROM THE EAST PACIFIC RISE 371 10. CALCAREOUS NANNOFOSSIL BIOSTRA- V. Marchig and J. Erzinger TIGRAPHY OF THE CENTRAL EAST PACIFIC RISE, DEEP SEA DRILLING 20. FACTORS INFLUENCING THE RARE PROJECT LEG 92: EVIDENCE FOR EARTH ELEMENT COMPOSITION OF DOWNSLOPE TRANSPORT OF HYDROTHERMAL PRECIPITATES, EAST SEDIMENTS 255 PACIFIC RISE 383 S. Knüttel D. E. Ruhlin and R. M. Owen

xxni Chapter Page Chapter Page 21. Pb AND Sr ISOTOPE AND RARE EARTH 31 δ18 O AND 87Sr/86Sr OF CALCITES FROM ELEMENT COMPOSITION OF SE- THE BASALTIC BASEMENT OF DEEP LECTED METALLIFEROUS SEDIMENTS SEA DRILLING PROJECT SITE 597: FROM SITES 597 TO 601, DEEP SEA TIMING AND TEMPERATURE OF DRILLING PROJECT LEG 92 391 ALTERATION .499 T. J. Barrett, P. N. Taylor, I. Jarvis, and H. Staudigel, M. Kastner, and A. Sturz J. Lugowski 32. SEQUENCE AND LONGEVITY OF 22. GEOLIPIDS OF LATE CENOZOIC SEDI- BASALT ALTERATION AT DEEP SEA MENTS FROM THE WESTERN FLANK DRILLING PROJECT SITE 597 .505 OF THE EAST PACIFIC RISE, DEEP SEA C. Peterson, R. Duncan, and DRILLING PROJECT LEG 92 409 K. F. Scheidegger P. A. Meyers, J. M. Powaser, and K. W. Dunham

23. PRELIMINARY EVIDENCE FOR PLIO- PART VI: SITE 597 BOREHOLE GEOPHYSICS CENE CONVECTIVE FLUID FLOW THROUGH SEDIMENTS ON A RIDGE 33. ORIENTATION OF IN SITU STRESSES IN FLANK, HOLE 600C 417 THE PACIFIC PLATE: DEEP SEA DRILL- M. Kastner, J.-Y. Hu, and J. M. Gieskes ING PROJECT HOLE 597C .519 R. L. Newmark, R. N. Anderson, and 24. INTERSTITIAL WATER STUDIES, LEG 92 .. .423 M. D. Zoback J. M. Gieskes and J. Boulègue 34. MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF BASALT PART V: BASALT COMPOSITION AND SAMPLES FROM DEEP SEA DRILLING ALTERATION PROJECT HOLES 597B AND 597C .527 T. Nishitani 25. INTERLABORATORY COMPARISON OF LEG 92 STANDARD BASALT SAMPLE 35. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF BASALT ANALYSES 433 SAMPLES FROM DEEP SEA DRILLING J. Erzinger PROJECT SITE 597 .537 R. L. Newmark and D. Moos 26. GEOCHEMISTRY AND PETROGENESIS OF BASALTS FROM DEEP SEA DRILL- ING PROJECT LEG 92, EASTERN PACIFIC 435 PART VII: HOLE 504B: BOREHOLE J. A. Pearce, N. Rogers, A. J. Tindle, and GEOCHEMISTRY AND GEOPHYSICS J. S. Watson 36. GEOCHEMICAL STUDIES IN 27. PETROGRAPHY OF BASALTS FROM HOLE 504B, LEG 92 .547 DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECT LEG 92 459 J. M. Gieskes, M. Kastner, J. Erzinger, M. S. Goldfarb J. Boulègue, and S. R. Hart 28. BASEMENT GEOCHEMISTRY, LEG 92 471 37. ELASTIC WAVE VELOCITIES IN LAYER J. Erzinger 2A FROM FULL WAVEFORM SONIC LOGS AT HOLE 504B .563 29. ELECTRON MICROPROBE AND THER- D. Moos, D. Goldberg, M. A. Hobart, and MOMAGNETIC ANALYSIS OF BASALT R. N. Anderson SAMPLES FROM HOLE 597C 481 T. Nishitani 38. SEISMIC RESPONSE OF DETAILED STRUCTURE IN DEEP SEA DRILLING 30. B, Li, AND ASSOCIATED TRACE ELE- PROJECT HOLE 504B: SYNTHETIC SEIS- MENT CHEMISTRY OF ALTERATION MOGRAMS IN THE DOMAIN OF INTER- MINERALS, HOLES 597B AND 597C 491 CEPT TIME AND RAY PARAMETER .571 M. Berndt and W. E. Seyfried, Jr. J. C. Mutter and R. L. Newmark

XXIV Chapter Page Chapter Page PART VIII: SYNTHESES CHAPTER 19: APPENDIX 1A. ANALYSIS OF THE <63 µm FRACTION. DSDP SEDI- 39. HISTORY OF HYDROTHERMAL SEDI- MENTS. MENTATION AT THE EAST PACIFIC RISE, 19°S 585 M. W. Lyle, R. M. Owen, and M. Leinen CHAPTER 19: APPENDIX 1B. ANALYSIS OF THE <63 µm FRACTION. GEOMETEP 40. NEOGENE CONTROLS ON HYDRO- SEDIMENTS. THERMAL ACTIVITY AND PALE- OCEANOGRAPHY OF THE SOUTHEAST PACIFIC OCEAN 597 D. K. Rea and M. Leinen CHAPTER 19: APPENDIX 2A. ANALYSIS OF THE <63 µm FRACTION ON CARBON- ATE-FREE BASIS. DSDP SEDIMENTS. BACK POCKET FOLDOUTS:

CHAPTER 7: FIGURE 4. AIR AND WATER CHAPTER 19: APPENDIX 2B. ANALYSIS GUN SEISMIC REFLECTION PROFILES OF THE <63 µm FRACTION ON CAR- FROM THE LEG 92 SOUTHEAST PA- BONATE-FREE BASIS. GEOMETEP CIFIC OCEAN TRANSECT. SEDIMENTS.

XXV ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The remarkable success of Leg 92 was the result of the hard work and unflagging enthusiasm of a great number of people, including some who do not belong to the scientific party and whose names are therefore given little prominence in this book. Captain Joseph Clarke showed great interest in our work, and we greatly appreciate the thoroughness and professionalism with which he saw to the completion of operations. As cruise operations manager, Mike Storms oversaw operations and made sure that the scientific equipment worked; he did his job with great skill and care, and on at least one occasion with surprising endurance. He also educated the co- chiefs about ship operations and general marine engineering with patience and hu- mor. We will benefit from his efforts for the rest of our careers. Howard Guillot, the drilling superintendent, and his crew of pushers, drillers, and roughnecks deserve special thanks for their efforts. Our success at Hole 597C is due largely to their skill and effort. Ted Gustafson, the laboratory officer, and the marine technicians en- sured smooth sample and data handling and made the lab a pleasant and efficient place to work. Our manuscripts and illustrations were clarified and beautified by the editorial and illustration staff at DSDP, especially Marian Bailey and Virginia Ro- man. We were delighted to find that the entire ship's crew made enthusiastic, helpful, and enjoyable company. It is the sum of many little things that makes a cruise mem- orable, so we would like to thank all those who wiped and oiled, painted and scraped, watched and conned, and cooked and cleaned. We especially want to men- tion the equator-crossing ceremony, which was enjoyed by all. The authors and editors of this volume thank the following scientists (and several others who chose to remain anonymous) for critically reviewing manuscripts published herein: W. H. Berger, D. Bukry, M. S. Burnett, A. Cheng, J. Farrell, J. M. Gieskes, T. R. Janecek, P. D. Kempton, J. W. King, J. R. Lawrence, M. T. Ledbetter, R. E. McDuff, G. McMurtry, M. J. Mottl, J. Natland, M. Palmer, N. G. Pisias, W. Prell, P. T. Robinson, S. Savin, B. R. Simoneit, G. M. Smith, H. Staudigel, L. Tauxe, E. S. Van Vleet, and R. Wilkens.