ISRAELI DRAFT STANDARD SI 314

2014 This is a true translation of the Hebrew original. In any case of ICS CODE: 91.100.25 discrepancy between the original Hebrew text and the English translation, the Hebrew version shall prevail.

CERAMIC – DEFINITIONS, CLASSIFICATION, CHARACTERISTICS AND MARKING

Translation of Israel national modifications and additions only

This document is a proposal only

The Standards Institution of Israel

42 Chaim Levanon Street, Tel-Aviv 69977, Tel. 03-6465154, Fax 03-6412762, www.sii.org.il SI 314 (2014) (translation of Israel national modifications and additions only)

Notice of measure of compliance of the Israeli Standard Revision notice with foreign Standards or documents

This Israeli Standard, excluding the national This Israeli Standard supersedes modifications and additions indicated, is identical to the Israeli Standard SI 314 of June 2004 International Organization for Standardization Standard Amendment no. 1 of October 2005 ISO 13006 – Second edition: 2012-03-01 Descriptors: wall tiles, flooring tiles, tiles, , classification, marking, test methods. Updating the Standard Israeli Standards are reviewed periodically at least every five years, in order to adapt them to scientific and technological developments. Users of Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest edition of the Standard including its Amendments. A document appearing in the "Reshumot" (The Israeli Official Journal) as an Amendment may be a separate Amendment, or an Amendment incorporated into the Standard. Standard validity An Israeli Standard including revisions becomes effective from its publication date in "Reshumot". Whether the document or parts of it are Official should be checked. An Official Standard or Amendment (in whole or in part) takes effect 60 days following publication of the notice in the "Reshumot", unless the notice states otherwise for the effective date. Standards mark A manufacturer of a product complying with the requirements of the applicable Israeli Standards is entitled, after being licensed by the Standards Institution of Israel, to mark it with the Standards mark:

Copyright This Standard or any part of it may not be photocopied, copied or published by any means whatsoever, without prior permission in writing of the Standards Institution of Israel. Ó

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SI 314 (2014) (translation of Israel national modifications and additions only)

Introduction to the Israeli Standard This Israeli Standard is an adoption of the International Organization for Standardization Standard ISO 13006 (Second edition) of March 2012 approved as an Israeli Standard with national modifications and additions.

The following elements of the Standard are brought in the order given below: - Translation of the scope clause of the International Standard with national modifications and additions (in Hebrew) - Details of the national modifications and additions in the clauses of the International Standard (in Hebrew) - Translation of the Hebrew part of the Standard (in English) - The International Standard (in English)

National notes in the Israeli Standard are brought as footnotes and indicated by letters of the alphabet.

Scope (Clause 1 of the International Standard with national modifications and additions) Note: The national modifications and additions in this clause are brought in a different font.

This Standard defines terms and establishes sorting, classifications, characteristics and marking requirements for tiles. This Standard is not applicable to tiles made by other than normal processes of extrusion or dry pressing. This Standard is not applicable to decorative accessories for walls or trim such as edges, corners, skirting, capping, coves, beads, steps, curved tiles and other accessory pieces or sheets (mosaic tile sheets are covered by Israeli Standard SI 1353).

This Standard is applicable to ceramic tiles thicker than 5 mm and that their side dimension does not exceed 1,200 mm.

This Standard is not applicable to tiles with a reinforcing mesh on the back and is not applicable to tiles composed of two ceramic tiles bonded together, back to back.

Notes: - On the second line in the International Standard, the words "of the best commercial quality (first quality)" are not applicable. - On the fifth line in the International Standard, the words "(i.e. any piece that can fit into an area of 49 cm²)" are not applicable. - The NOTE is not applicable.

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Details of the national modifications and additions to the clauses of the International Standard

2. Normative references - The International Standards ISO 1006 and ISO 10545-1 are not applicable. - The following shall be added at the end of the clause: Israel Standards SI 1003 Part 1.2(a)- Release of lead and cadmium from ware in contact with food: Ceramic ware, glass-ceramic ware and glass dinnerware – Permissible limits SI 1555 Part 1 - Installation of mosaic and ceramic flooring and cladding system in buildings: Exterior cladding SI 1555 Part 2(a) - Installation of mosaic and ceramic flooring and cladding system in buildings: Interior cladding SI 1555 Part 3 - Installation of mosaic and ceramic flooring and cladding system in buildings: Floor tiling SI 2279 - resistance of existing pedestrian surfaces and of new products for pedestrian surfaces

3. Terms and definitions The clause is not applicable and shall be replaced by the following:

3. Terms and definitions The following terms and definitions are valid for this Standard: 3.1 Ceramic tile A thin slab, having a full cross-section, made from clays and/or other inorganic raw materials generally used as a covering for floors and walls, usually shaped by extruding (designation "A") or dry-pressing (designation "B") at room temperature, but may be formed by other processes (designation "C"), then dried and subsequently fired at temperatures sufficient to develop the required properties. Notes: A. The tiles may be glazed (GL) or unglazed (UGL). They are incombustible and unaffected by light. B. Tiles known as "klinker" and "terracotta" are ceramic tiles. They are usually manufactured by extrusion, generally unglazed, and are classified in groups by their water absorption as specified in the Standard (see clause 4.3).

(a) The Standard is in preparation.

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3.2 tile(b) A ceramic tile whose average absorption does not exceed a mass fraction of 0.5 % or its

equivalent, glazed or unglazed and belonging to groups AIa or BIa.

3.3 Glaze A vitrified covering that is impermeable.

3.4 Engobed surface A -based covering with a matt finish which may be permeable or impermeable. Note: A tile with an engobed coating on the surface is considered an unglazed tile.

3.5 Polished surface The surface of a glazed and unglazed tile which has been given a glossy finish by mechanical polishing at the last stage of manufacture. Note: Tiles can be partially polished (referred to as lappato).

3.6 Extruded tile A tile, shaped in the state in an extruder, cut into tiles of predetermined dimension and designated as group A. Note 1: This Standard sorts tiles produced by extrusion as "precision" or "natural". The sorting is dependent upon the different technical characteristics as listed in the relevant product Standards. Note 2: Extruded products are generally designated "split tiles" when double-extruded, and "quarry tiles" when single-extruded. The term "quarry tiles" only refers to extruded tiles with a water absorption coefficient of a mass fraction not exceeding 6 %.

3.7 Dry-pressed tile A tile formed from a finely milled body mixture and shaped in molds at high pressure and designated as Group B.

3.8 Water absorption The percentage of water impregnating a tile, measured in accordance with International Standard ISO 10545-3. Note: Water absorption is expressed as a percentage of dry mass.

(b) These tiles are referred to by the public as "granite-porcelain tiles".

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3.9 Dimensions Note: The sizes are only defined for rectangular tiles. If the sizes of non-rectangular sizes are required, they are defined by the smallest rectangle into which they fit.

3.9.1 Nominal size The size used to describe the product (see Figure 1 and Figure 2).

3.9.2 Work size(c) The size of a tile determined for manufacturing to which the actual size shall conform within specified permissible deviations (see Figure 1 and Figure 2).

3.9.3 Actual size The size obtained by measuring the face of a tile in accordance with International Standard ISO 10545-2 (see Figure 1 and Figure 2).

3.9.4 Coordinating size The work size plus the joint width (see Figure 1 and Figure 2).

3.9.5 Modular size Tile and size based on M, 2 M, 3 M and 5 M modules and also their multiples or subdivisions, except for tiles with a surface area less than 9,000 mm² (see Figure 1 and Figure 2).

3.9.6 Non-modular size A size not based on Module M (see Figure 1 and Figure 2). Note: Tiles with these size are widespread in most countries.

3.9.7 Tolerance The difference between the permissible limits of size (see Figure 1 and Figure 2).

3.10 Spacer lug A projection that is located along certain edges, so that where two tiles are placed together along these edges, the spacer lugs separating the tiles and creating a space that is not less than the indicated width of the joint (see Figure 2).

3.11 Rectified tile A ceramic tile that, after firing, is subject to a precise mechanical grinding. Note: Rectified tiles have tighter dimensional criteria for length and width, straightness of sides and rectangularity than those specified in Annex A to Annex M.

(c) In the professional language, work size is commonly called "caliber".

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3.12 Back feet(d) Parallel ridges running across the back surface of exterior wall tiles which impart a geometry to the rear part intended to facilitate attachment between the tile and cement mortar (see Figure 3). Note: Back feet dimensions shall be measured by means of calipers, and each specimen in a 10-tile sample is required to satisfy the requirements in Annexes A to M.

4. Classification The clause is not applicable and shall be replaced by the following:

4. Sorting and classification 4.1 Sorting basis The ceramic tiles are divided into groups according to their manufacturing method and according to their water absorption (see clause 3.8 and Table 1). The division into groups does not presuppose the usage of the product. In addition, the ceramic tiles are sorted and designated according to their abrasion resistance, their slip resistance and their purpose and are categorized as given below.

4.2 Manufacturing method The two manufacturing methods are given below: - Method A – tiles manufactured by extrusion (see definition 3.6); - Method B – tiles manufactured by dry-pressing (see definition 3.7).

4.3 Water absorption according to groups(e)

4.3.1 General

The division into three groups according to the water absorption (Eb) is as follows: 4.3.2 Subdivision into three groups The three groups are divided into tiles of low water absorption, designated Group I, tiles of medium water absorption, designated Group II and tiles of high water absorption, designated Group III.

(d) In the professional language, on the tile back is commonly called "dovetail" or "swallowtail". (e) Israeli Standard SI 1555 Part 1 specifies the absorption requirements for tiles suitable for exterior cladding; Israeli Standard SI 1555 Part 2 specifies the absorption requirements for tiles suitable for interior cladding; Israeli Standard SI 1555 Part 3 specifies the absorption and thickness requirements for tiles suitable for flooring.

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A) Tiles of low water absorption, i.e. absorption coefficient less than or equal to a mass

fraction of 3 %, Eb ≤ 3 %, belong to Group I. Group I consists of the following: 1) for tiles manufactured by extrusion:

1.1) Eb ≤ 0.5 % (Group AIa) and also

1.2) 0.5 % < Eb ≤ 3 % (Group AIb); 2) for tiles manufactured by dry-pressing:

2.1) Eb ≤ 0.5 % (Group BIa) and also

2.2) 0.5 % < Eb ≤ 3 % (Group BIb).

B) Tiles of medium water absorption, i.e. 3 % < Eb ≤ 10 % belong to Group II. Group II consists of the following: 1) for tiles manufactured by extrusion:

1.1) 3 % < Eb ≤ 6 % [Group AIIa, subdivision (parts) 1 and 2; see Annex B for subdivision (part) 1 or Annex C for subdivision (part) 2], and also

1.2) 6 % < Eb ≤ 10 % [Group AIIb, subdivision (parts) 1 and 2; see Annex D for subdivision (part) 1 or Annex E for subdivision (part) 2]; 2) for tiles manufactured by dry-pressing:

2.1) 3 % < Eb ≤ 6 % (Group BIIa) and also

2.2) 6 % < Eb ≤ 10 % (Group BIIb).

C) Tiles of high water absorption, namely Eb > 10 % belong to Group III.

4.4 Abrasion resistance (for glazed tiles only) Glazed tiles shall be sorted into six abrasion grades, designated 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 or 0, I, II, III, IV and V (see also Annex N).

4.5 Slip resistance (for flooring tiles only) The tiles shall be designated as specified in Israeli Standard SI 2279.

4.6 Purpose 4.6.1 Tiles for walls only; 4.6.2 Tiles for walls and floors.

4.7 Classification Tiles shall be classified according to the defects on their surface into type classes, as specified in clause 11: - class A - class B.

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5. Characteristics The clause is not applicable and shall be replaced by the following:

5. Characteristics The characteristics for different applications of ceramic tiles are given in Table 2.

6. Sampling and basis for acceptance The clause is not applicable and shall be replaced by the following:

6. Sample size and its classification 6.1 Sample size The sample size tested shall be as follows: 6.1.1 For tiles of surface area less than or equal to 0.20 m² – 10 tiles; 6.1.2 For tiles of surface area greater than 0.20 m² and less than 0.36 m² – 6 tiles; 6.1.3 For tiles of surface area greater than or equal to 0.36 m² and less than 0.64 m² – 4 tiles; 6.1.4 For tiles of surface area greater than or equal to 0.64 m² – 2 or 3 tiles, at the discretion of the inspector.

6.2 Sample classification 6.2.1 For tiles of surface area less than 0.36 m², the sample is class A if at least 90 % of the tiles tested are type A as required by Table 3. Notwithstanding the above, if more than one tile but not more than two tiles are not type A, an additional sample of 10 tiles shall be taken. The additional sample is type A if all 10 tiles tested are type A as required by Table 3.

6.2.2 For tiles of surface area greater than 0.36 m², the sample is class A if all the tiles tested are type A as required by Table 3. Notwithstanding the above, if only one tile is not type A, an additional sample of 5 tiles shall be taken. The additional sample is type A if all 5 tiles tested are type A as required by Table 3.

6.2.3 Tiles that are not type A shall be classified as type B as required by Table 3. If there are no tiles with defects that are not listed in Table 3, and there shall not be more defective tiles than defined in Table 3 are found as type B, Note: More defective tiles are tiles whose number of defects and/or defect types are higher than permitted.

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7. Requirements The clause is not applicable and shall be replaced by the following:

7. Requirements Dimensional and surface quality requirements and physical and chemical properties shall be as given in the relevant or specific annex of Annexes A to M, for each tile class.

8. Marking and specifications The clause is not applicable and shall be replaced by the following:

8. Marking and additional identification requirements

8.1 Marking

8.1.1 Marking of the packaging Each packaging of tiles shall be marked by printing, or on a label suitably attached to the packaging in a manner that prevents it from being easily removed. The marking shall be clear, legible and durable and shall contain at least the details listed in clauses 8.1.1.1 to 8.1.1.12 below. Marking of the details given in clauses 8.1.1.1, 8.1.1.2, 8.1.1.4 and 8.1.1.8 shall be in Hebrew or in Hebrew plus a foreign language.

8.1.1.1 Manufacturer's name and address and his registered trademark, if any. If the tiles are imported, also the importer's name and address;

8.1.1.2 Purpose of the tiles as given in clause 4.6: - Packaging of tiles intended for walls only shall be marked with the words: ;(meaning, tiles for walls only) "אריחים לקירות בלבד" - Packaging of tiles intended for walls and floors shall be marked with the words: ;(meaning, tiles for walls and floor) "אריחים לקירות ולרצפה"

8.1.1.3 Designation of the tiles according to their manufacturing method and their absorption, as indicated in clauses 4.2 and 4.3;

meaning, glazed) or) "מזוגג" Type of tiles according to the surface finish by the words 8.1.1.4 ;meaning, not glazed) as detailed in definition 3.1) "לא מזוגג"

8.1.1.5 Nominal sizes (see definition 3.9.1) of tiles, and work sizes (see definition 3.9.2) or a code of work sizes;

8.1.1.6 Number of tiles in a package or the surface area that they intend to cover;

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8.1.1.7 On packaging of glazed tiles: grade designation of the tile abrasion resistance as given in clause 4.4. For tiles that the manufacture declared that they are intended for walls only, it is unnecessary to note their abrasion resistance grade. Notwithstanding the above, this data may be included in the technical data sheet (see clause 8.2) instead of on the packaging;

8.1.1.8 Class of tile as given in clause 4.7;

8.1.1.9 Model name and manufacturing color according to the supplier's catalog;

8.1.1.10 Manufacturing series of the tiles;

8.1.1.11 Any surface treatment applied after firing (e.g. polishing);

8.1.1.12 Total weight of the tiles and their packaging.

8.2 Technical data The supplier shall have a technical data sheet to be provided the customer upon request. The technical data sheet for tiles intended for flooring shall indicate the abrasion grade of the glazed tiles or their usage location. Note: See also Annex R for recommended symbols.

8.3 Additional identification requirements Details of the following characteristics, referring to tiles ordered, shall be available from the supplier to be provided to the customer upon special request: a) Manufacturing method (shaping); b) The relevant annex from annexes A to M dealing with the specific type of tile; c) Nominal sizes and work sizes; d) Surface finish, i.e. glazed (GL) or unglazed (UGL); e) Addition of back feet, if necessary.

Example 1: Precision, extruded, glazed tile in accordance with Annex M, marked AIaGL, nominal sizes 250 mm ×125 mm (work sizes 240 mm × 115 mm × 10 mm).

Example 2: Dry-pressed, unglazed tile, in accordance with Annex L, marked BIaUGL, nominal sizes 150 mm ×150 mm (work sizes 149 mm × 149 mm × 12.5 mm).

9. Ordering The clause is not applicable and shall be replaced by the following:

9. Ordering The order shall contain at least the following information: 9.1 Manufacturer's name and country of manufacture;

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9.2 Name of model and manufacturing color according to the supplier's catalog; 9.3 Nominal sizes (see definition 3.9.1), excluding the thickness; 9.4 Manufacturing thickness, according to special order only; 9.5 Purpose of tile: for walls and floor or for walls only; 9.6 For glazed tiles intended for flooring: abrasion resistance grade; 9.7 Designation of group according to water absorption (see clause 4.3.2); 9.8 Tile finish: glazed or unglazed; the finish shall be noted in Hebrew and with the letters GL or UGL in parentheses. Polishing grade: polished, unpolished, partially polished;

meaning, ) shall be) "אריח פורצלן" ,If tiles from groups AIa or BIa were ordered 9.9 recorded; 9.10 Tile class (A or B); 9.11 Slip resistance grade according to Israeli Standard SI 2279; 9.12 Quantity of tiles in m².

- After clause 9, clauses 10 and 11 shall be added as follows:

10. Shipping document The shipping document shall contain at least the following information: 10.1 The information recorded on the order (see clause 9); 10.2 Model name and manufacturing color; 10.3 Work sizes; 10.4 Manufacturing series; 10.5 Instructions for use and maintenance that will contain the following information: a) For tiles whose slip resistance grade is high, e.g. R12 or greater, it shall be noted that these tiles may be very hard to clean; instructions for maintenance and cleaning shall be given; b) For unglazed tiles, e.g. terracota tiles and polished porcelain tiles, it shall be noted that these tiles may be stained without proper treatment; instructions for necessary treatment to protect against staining shall be given.

11. Checking the surface quality 11.1 Defects Defects in tiles shall be checked as specified in the International Standard ISO 10545-2 with a light intensity of approximately 300 lux. There shall not be any defect that is not of the types described in Table 3(f).

(f) Stains, spots, color differences, cavities or protrusions, polishing marks or lack of polishing and partial glazing that are part of the tile model shall not be considered as defects.

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The number of defects and their sizes shall not exceed that given in Table 3(f). The number of types of defects on one tile shall not exceed that given in Table 3(f). There shall not be significant differences between the tile colors and their textures(f).

11.2 Determination of the class of batch of tiles The class of batch of tiles is determined by the defects on the tile surfaces, as detailed in clause 6 and in Table 3.

Table 2 – Characteristics required for different applications - The text in note b at the bottom of the table is not applicable and shall be replaced by the following: Upon special request, it can be checked by the specified test method. - In the left column with the heading, "Chemical property", on the second line referring to "glazed tiles", a reference to note (b) shall be added.

- After Table 2, Table 3 shall be added as follows:

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Annexes A-H and Annexes J-M Tables A.1 – H.1 and Table J.1 - In each of the tables, on the line referring to "Surface quality", the text in the center columns beginning with the words "A minimum of 95 %" is not applicable and shall be replaced by the following: as required in clause 11.

- Note c at the bottom of Tables A.1 to H.1 and at the end of Table J.1 (including the references to it) is not applicable.

Annex N (informative) Classification of glazed tiles for floors according to their abrasion resistance

The Annex is not applicable and shall be replaced by the following:

Annex N (informative) This approximate classification is given for guidance only (see International Standard ISO 10545- 7). It should not be used for an accurate characterization of a tile for defined requirements. Class 0 - Glazed tiles belonging to this class are not recommended for use on floors.

Class 1 - Floor tiling in areas where walking on them is essentially with soft soles or bare feet, without scratching dirt. (e.g. residential bathrooms and bedrooms, without a direct entrance from the outside).

Class 2 - Floor tiling in areas where walking on them is essentially with soft soles or normal footwear that have, at most, occasional small amounts of scratching dirt. (e.g. rooms in living areas of homes, with the exception of kitchens, entrances and other rooms having much traffic). The aforementioned does not apply to special footwear, such as hobnailed boots.

Class 3 - Floor tiling in areas where walking on them is with normal footwear more often with small amounts of scratching dirt. (e.g. residential kitchens, halls, corridors and balconies). The aforementioned does not apply to special footwear, such as hobnailed boots.

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Class 4 - Floor tiling in areas where walking on them is by regular pedestrian traffic that bring some scratching dirt so that the conditions are more severe than class 3. (e.g. entrances, public kitchens, hotel rooms, exhibition and sale rooms).

Class 5 - Floor tiling which is subjected to severe pedestrian traffic over sustained periods that brings some scratching dirt, so that the conditions are the most severe for which glazed tiles are to be suitable. (e.g. public areas, such as shopping centres, airport concourses, hotel foyers, public paths for pedestrians and areas for industrial uses).

This classification is valid for the given applications under normal conditions. Consideration should be given to the footwear, type of traffic and cleaning methods expected, and the floors should be adequately protected against scratching dirt at the entrances to buildings by interposing footwear cleaning devices. In extreme cases of very heavy traffic and quantities of scratching dirt, the use of unglazed floor tiles and quarries from Group I shall be considered.

Annex P (informative) Test methods

In the next to the last item beginning with the name of the International Standard "ISO 10545-15", on the bottom line, the words, "see Directive 2005/31/EC" are not applicable and shall be replaced by the following: See Israeli Standard SI 1003 Part 1.2(a).

Bibliography The bibliography is not applicable.

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