Work on Victorian Garden to Start Behind

Home , Charles Greeley Abbot

Work on Victorian Garden o THE SMITHSONIAI'J To Start Behind 'Castle' Preliminary work on the Victorian Garden to be laid out behind the Smithsopian Institution Building for the Bicentennial year will begin August 18 with the closing of a portion of the South Yard parking lot behind the "castle." First the area at the west end of the present TORCH parking lot will be cleared and the two-story "South Shed" or "Annex" building will be Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. August 1975 A & I Building razed. Then in November a new parking area at the west end of the Yard will be opened. Closed Until '76 The rest of the present lot will be closed and the one-story buildings razed, except for the old metal Air, and Space Building. That The Arts & Industries Building was closed structure will be taken down in the third to the public August I for renovation and phase of the project, early next year, and the installation of the "1876" Bicentennial ex Victorian Garden completed. . hibit there. Although the buildings to be razed present It was announced that the rotunda area an undistinguished appearance, they are of and portions of the halls where construction considerable historic significance, as related is underway will be closed to all personnel elsewhere in this issue of the Torch. except those with special authority. Entry Approximately 140 parking spaces will into the building will be restricted to the remain behind the castle at the west end of northwest and east doors. the present lot, compared to the 250 spaces in the Yard now. Those drivers displaced will be permitted to park in areas of the garage designated for empJ'oyees under the new Garber's Memories National Air 'and Space Museum between Fourth and Seventh streets. Information about the parking change "Memories of the Old South Shed" was given in a memorandum dated July 23 by Paul E. Garber, historian emeritus from Kenneth E. Shaw, Director of the of the National Air Space Museum, Office of Plant Services. Individual notifica will appear in the next issue of the tion was sent each person holding a parking TORCH. Mr. Garber will discuss the space in the affected area. They were told to significance to aviation history of the contact the Parking Coordinator, Mary two-story building in the South Yard. Rakow, in Room 2486 of the Arts and In this article early experiments in Industries Building (Extension 5484), from astrophysics carried out in the small 10 to 12 and from 3 to 5, work days July 28 buildings behind the Smithsonian cas through August 15. Those on vacation then The buildings south of the castle as they appeared in the early years. tle are reviewed. should call the Coordinator to make special arrangements. Beginning August 18, the Coordinator's hours for dealing with permits Those Simple Structures Hou~sed History will be II to 12 and 3 to 4 each day. Of SI Astronomical Research Progress The Beetles' New Home

By Von Del Chamberlain

Those old frame buildings behind the Smithsonian's castle are s ectrum of the sun. For the following half century emphasis ~----.,.,...,r-:.--""'obSCUIe as they now ppear. - returned to Langley's earlier interests - the determination of They have played a very significant and interesting role in the the intensity of the sun in various parts of the spectrum and the history of the Institution. interactions of solar radiation with the atmosphere producing They will be removed soon (see the related story on this page). the weather and providing the conditions which nurture us. Before they are scraped away, take another look at them and let The work was carried out by Charles Greeley Abbot, hired by your mind run back over a bit of early Smithsonian history ... La ngley in 1895. In addition to watching overthis work Langley On June 24, 1838, John Quincy Adams entered the office of administered the affairs of the Institution and built another President Van Buren to discuss the use of the recently acquired frame building in the South Xard where he carried out his Smithson funds. He suggested that the money be used to aeronautical work. construct, equip, and staff an astronomical observatory in order The interest in meticulous documentation in the sun's output to produce a "systematic and continued scientific series of of energy led to the establishment of observing stations far away observations on the phenomena of the numberless worlds from Washington at remote places such as Mount Whitney and Mr. Greenwell suspended over our heads - the sublimest of all physical Table Mountain in California, Bassour in Algeria, Calama and sciences, and that in which the field of future discovery is as Mount Mont(:zuma in Chile, Burro Mountain in New Mexico, For the last 25 years the soon-to-be-torn unbounded as the universe itself." At that time no observatory and Mount Saint Katherine on Egypt's Sinai Peninsula. High down South Shed has gained an odorous facility was to be found anywhere in the country. A few years altitude observations were compared with each other to notoriety around the Institution as the "Bug previously George Airy, who later became the British determine the actual energy emission of the sun and its possible House." Astronomer Royal, had noted in a survey that he was unable to variation. These measurements were then compared with low Few persons entered the door to this report on American astronomy because essentially there was altitude observations to produce data basic to meteorological skeleton preparation area without taking a none. study. deep breath. Langley Arrives In 1955 the facility in Washington was discontinued for "People come in here little by little," said astrophysical use with the transfer of the SAO to Cambridge, Joseph Biggs, who 0 perated the facility until For many years Adams continued his attempt to establish an Mass., where it became associated with Harvard University. The his retirement several years ago. Mr. Biggs observatory with the original Smithson funds. His effort failed move fulfilled a recommendation made 85 years earlier by was making reference to the powerful stench but the idea did not die. It declined while the Institution was Secretary Hemry: "As to the location ... I think it important to of dried flesh which permeated the room established and then slowly, but steadily, strengthened again connect it with some well-endowed and well-established college and, when the wind was right, often wafted through the sound scientific interests of Joseph Henry and the or university." into the windows of the "castle" and the Arts careful planning of Secretary Spencer F. Baird who hired an Astronomical interests of SAO have broadened to include and Industries buildings. astronomer as an Assistant Secretary - Samuel Pierpont virtually every aspect of astrophysical investigation. Equipment In his laboratory Mr. Biggs saw to the Langley. has changed from the bolometer once housed in the frame cleaning, drying and bleaching of bones Less than one year after arriving in Washington, with the buildings of the South Yard to the multi-mirrored telescope at ranging in size from whale skulls to tiny bat death of Spencer Baird in 1887, Langley became the third Mt. Hopkins Observatory and instruments aboard orbiting jaws. Then he would take them back across Secretary of the Smithsonian. He was a man of many interests solar observatories and other space probes. the Mall to the Department of Vertebrate and accomplishments. Significant Trend Zoology at the National Museum of Natural His astronomical studies had included the planets, the moon, In 1838 John Quincy Adams started a trend which continued History for storage and study. The biggest comets and the development of obs<:

By James McCracken

The Women's Council is asked frequently about training at the Smithsonian, and council members believe that an insight into the _services provided by the Smithsonian Institution Training Office would be helpful. The Training Office serves the needs of Smithsonian employees in many ways. Some examples are: (I) "Disseminate information on training Dr. Ensley Is First opportunities" - It does this by regularly publishing the "Training Opportunities An Veterinary Intern nouncement" which lists some of the many courses or seminars being offered regularly Dr. Philip Ensley has been selected as the in the Washington area. This is merely a National Zoo's first veterinary intern. sampling of courses available. Much more Dr. Ensley received his veterinary degree detailed information on courses and course from Tuskegee Institute in 1970 and served content can be obtained by contacting the with the U.S. Army Veterinary Corps for Training Office in person or by phone. two years . After completing his internship at (2) "Advise supervisors and employees on the Henry Bergh Hospital in New York he selecting the best and most economic train practiced in Salt Lake City. His main interest is exotic animal medicine, especially avian The Jean C. Schmidt Environmental Education Building at CBCES. ing course to meet their expressed needs" - This can only be accomplished if the super and reptilian. visor and employee discuss what the needs Early this year the Jean C. Schmidt Building are, and determine what training will best Zoo established serve the needs of the employee as well as the through the Smithso needs of the Institution. The Training Office nian Research Foun Dedicated at Bay Center will try to find training programs to satisfy dation, an internship By Gerald Lipson and Marjorie Beane expressed needs, if training is the answer. and training oppor (3) "Advise supervisors and program tunity for recent On Tuesday, June 12, 1973, Jean Schmidt of Middlebury, Yt., a 22-year-old managers on whether proposed training is graduates of schools of veterinary medicine graduate of Carleton College in Northfield, Minn., rose early, excited at the cove red by SI policy" - Naturally, if a who are interested in prospect of the first day on her new job at the Smithsonian's Chesapeake Bay Center supervisor or employee discovers a training course or courses to meet their expressed the practice of exotic for Environmental Studies. needs the Training Office would only check Dr. Ensley animal medicine. As director of the summer ecology nian Institution, said 'no,' that in view of the the course or courses to insure that they are Selection was made on the basis of academic program, she was to head a new undertaking heavy development underway on the western within guidelines expressed in SI policies record, recommendations and interest in that would focus on environmental educa shore of Chesapeake Bay, this place offered a (which are derived from Civil Service Com exotic animal medicine. tion for youngsters. The program was her unique opportunity for environmental and mission guidelines), and the Government In his 15-month period of residency, Dr. own brainchild, the result of a year of ecological study." Employees' Training Act. Ensley will assist the Zoo's veterinary staff in planning and effort, and she was keen to get Today, the Chesapeake Bay Center has (4) "Conduct Smithsonian-wide programs the broad areas of clinical medicine, started. grown to a 2,600-acre facility encompassing to meet either the general needs of many prophylactic programs, clinical pathology Jean, an avid outdoorswoman who loved a wide variety of environmental programs offices or the special needs of the Institution" and histopathological diagnoses. cycling, backpacking and skiing, got on her and studies. - The Training Office currently sponsors Cooperative programs with George bicycle for the short ride through the green As Jean's mother, Mrs. Ruth B. Schmidt, many in-house programs ranging from skills Washington University Medical School, the Maryland countryside to the center on the said at the dedication, "When Smithsonian oriented classes taught in the Learning Lab, University of Maryland and lohns Hopkins Rhode River just south of Annapolis. to Career Planning classes and Supervisory University will provide an in-depth exposure S he never made it. Her bike collided with a Training. to all facets of comparative animal medicine. truck and she died instantly. (5) "Direct the efforts of a cadre of -~- A symbol ~f her effort and- dedicatian Training Coordinators who are located stands today, however, in the form of the throughout the SI" - The Training Coor Lang Joins Staf Center's new $212,000 environmental ed uca dinator program was set up a year ago as an tion building, which was dedicated to Jean attempt to improve communications with Of General Counsel C. Schmidt June 29 in ceremonies attended individual units and people in the Institu by more than 100 friends, guests and tion. Essentially the Training Coordinator John W. Lang joined the legal staff of the Smithsonian officials. se rves as a two-way communication link, Smithsonian as Assistant General Counsel, Dr. Francis S. L. Williamson, director of informing us of training needs and activities effecti ve June 23, Secretary Ripley has an CBCES, determined immediately that the in her/ his unit and receiving from us infor nounced. structure then just getting underway should mation on training which is then passed on to M r. Lang received a B.S. degree from the be named for Miss Schmidt. her/ his fellow employees. U.S. Military Academy at West Point in "Jean was a vital and moving force in the (6) "Provide advice and counsel to in 1964 and served in the army five years. He development of the education program of dividual employees on training for career attended the University of Texas School of the Chesapeake Bay Center," he said in his enhancement" - This "career counselling" Law and, after receiving his Juris Doctorate recommendation. service is a real but somewhat curtailed effort degree in 1972, was a law clerk with the Jean, who majored in biology and Jean Schmidt on the part of the training staff due to the Texas Supreme Court. Prior to joining the economics at Carleton, had first worked at enormous amount of time required for such Smithsonian, Mr. Lang was associated with the Center during the summer of 1972 as a officials approached us about it, there was no counselling. Nevertheless it is one of the the law firm of Pattishall, McAuliffe & research assistant, analyzing soil maps of the question in our minds that this building functions that we consider to be important Hofstetter in their Chicago and Washington Rhode River watershed and designing map should be named for Jean. She personified enough to warrant the extra effort on our offices, specializing in trademark and overlays to show land-use suitability. the kinds of activities and programs that are part. copyright law. Deeply interested in children, she had envisioned here." planned eventually to enter medical school Dr. Sullivan, who presided at the dedica and specialize in pediatrics. Meanwhile, she tion, desc ribed Jean as "an extremely bright began developing plans for an environmen girl" who was interested in working with tal education program aimed at youngsters. children and in conveying to them the In corresponding with Dr. J . Kevin Sul excitement that she found in science and the livan, now acting director of CBCES, she outdoors. He said that "her character per said that, "for the individual child, 1 would sonified the kind of use we would like to like to develop an alertness and ability to make of the building." observe closely." The single-story, red-brick building will "Children that play hide-and-go-seek in enable the Center to expand greatly iits the woods can be oblivious to what's around educational and public service activities. It them - a shelf fungus, wind blowing seeds, a contains an auditorium seating 200 that can woodpecker hammering at a tree for in be divided into rooms for smaller meetings, sects," she wrote. plus a dormitory area with facilities to house "Instead of approaching the environment 12 scientists or college students on work to find out what is there, I'd rather have kids study or research projects at the Cent(!r. dream up what could be there and then check Workshops on environmental education, to see if it is," she added. meetings of citizen groups and conferences "I'd also like the children to experience the on environmental research will be held in the outdoors in many ways: at night, in a building. rainstorm, during different seasons, at Dr. John Falk, who coordinates education sunrise or the morning after a rain. A and information activities at the Center, prerequisite to understanding the environ desc ribed CBCES as a "living museum." ment is being outdoors and being aware." "Our collections here are in a constant It was just such an "environmental state of flux, the beautiful red bird that was awareness" on the part of Secretary Ripley here a minute ago cannot be counted upon to which has preserved the Center and helped sit still for a curious child or adult," he said. bring it to its present position, observed Dr. "Therefore the strategy, and frequently the David Challinor, Assistant Secretary for purpose of the educational programs must Science, in his dedication remarks. be different from those of a natural history Dr. Challinor noted that when the museum or a portrait gallery. FIRST LADY AT THE RENWICK - Mrs. Gerald Ford visited the Renwick twice withina Smithsonian first acquired what was then a "Our educational mission at the month, the first time on an unannounced Saturday visit with Mrs; Janet Ford, the President's 350-acre dairy farm in 1965, as part of a Chesapeake Bay Center is to improve the sister-in-law, and Mrs. Elizabeth Norblad, Susan Ford's godmother. On her second visit, bequest, the immediate reaction of the environmental literacy of our citizenry. This escorted by N CF A Director Joshua C. Taylor and Renwick Director Lloyd-Herman, she Regents was to sell the property and invest must begin at home, but can't stop there. By previewed the "Craft Multiples" show. Although scheduled for a 30-minute tour, she stayed a the funds. research, educational curriculum develop full hour, asking interested and well-informed questions. When she was puzzled by the "But," he added, "after visiting here, Mr. ment and the establishment of modlel inclusion of three pillows in the exhibition, Dr. Taylor explained that woven yardage is Ripley, then newly arrived at the Smithso- (Continued on page 4) difficult to show effectively and thus craftsmen weave pillows to demonstrate their talent. August 1975 THI; SMITHSONIAN TORCH Page 3 Dr. Trousdale to Embark on Fifth Mrs. Jacqueline Austin Artist Creates Expedition to Buried ·Asian City Named Travel Manager Works to Mark Mrs. Jacqueline Frost Austin has been appointed Travel Manager for the Smithso Archeologists returning to the field are men burdened by maddening and nian Associates' growing travel program. Associates' Birth mundane last-minute details. Mrs. Austin comes to the Smithsonian On a recent day Dr. William Trousdale, a curator in the Department of from the Unive rsity of Maryland, where In honor of the tenth anniversary of the Smithsonian Resident Associate Program, Anthropology at the National Museum of Natural History, was trying to do three she was the head of the circulation de partment of the Washington artist Gene Davis has been things at once: talk politely to a visitor; finish packing a supply of whisk brooms, McKeldin Library. In commissioned to create a commemorative spare Land Rover parts, and a supply of powdered eggs, and at the same time addition, she has held work of art that has been produced as a prepare a batch of photos requested by the Afghanistan Institute of Archaeology. management posi limited edition 30 by 4O-inch serigraph of 200 Afghanistan is where Dr. Trousdale is tions in the tourist in signed and numbered by the artist. headed - he is about to begin the fifth dustry and with the The work has also been reproduced as a 24 season of a study of the historical ecology of Cave Research Foun by 32-inch poster in a silkscreen edition of the southwestern area of that country - and dation. She holds a 1,000. Two hundred of these will be signed by he knows that a request by the Institute is not B.S. degree from the the artist. to be taken lightly. It keeps a close eye on University of Ken Smithsonian employees are offered the foreign archeologists, no matter how impec tucky and an M.L.S. special Resident Associate Member discount cable their credentials. degree from the Un Mrs. Austin price for these works: $100 for the signed and Dr. Trousdale is philosophical about this ive rsity of Maryland . numbered serigraph; $20 for the signed fact of life, even though the rules and Mrs. Austin will be responsible for the silkscreen poster; $10 for the unsigned regulations can occasionally be enervating. Tours Management Division, National silkscreen poster. The work may be viewed The Institute recently ruled, for exam-pie, Smithsonian Associates. Under the and ordered between 10 a.m. and 5 p.m., that from now on anyone undertaking to dig organization of the Office of Membership weekdays, in Room 1271 , Arts and In in the country must restore or preserve what and Development, the division will manage dustries Building. he finds, or at least contribute to a fund for the business aspects of all educational tours One of Washington's most illustrious ar this purpose. - approved, planned and proposed for the tists, Gene Davis is famous throughout the "Admittedly, it's a perfectly legitimate future by SI organizational units with the world for his edge-to-edge paintings of viewpoint for Afghanistan to take," Dr. exception of Associate overnight tours, multi-color vertical stripes. His works are Trousdale says. "For many years Archives of American Art tours and the included in the permanent collections of archeologists dug with little regard for the Foreign Study Tours. museums in this country and in the Tate preservation of important cultural remains. Gallery, London. In addition, he has been They found them in great numbers. But in represented by one-man shows at the Cor coran Gallery of Art; the San Francisco doing so they left a lot of important Dr. Trousdale SMITHSONIAN TORCH monuments in ruins. Now the country is August 1975 Museum of Art; the Galerie Ricke, Cologne, saying that if an archeologist wants to dig a Germany; the Stuttgart Museum, Germany; site he should also share the responsibility One of the objectives of Dr. Trousda le's Published for Smithsonian Insti the Frankfurt Museum, Germany; and for restoring and preserving what he un- project has bee n to study the sophistic:ated tution personnel by the Smithsonian Boymans Museum , Rotterdam, covers."hydrological system that once fed water into Office of Public Affairs, William O. Netherlands. He was the subject of a recent Preservation is only one problem. The the Sistan, to see if there is a practical means Craig, Editor; Kathryn Lindeman, film documentary, premiered at the Helmand-Sistan area he is currently in- of rehabilitating the region. Evidence has Assistant. Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden vestigating in southwestern Afghanistan is so been uncovered that the sanding of the last fall. forbidding and inaccessible that it makes it region is a cyclical phenomenon. Twice over difficult for him to find qualified specialists the past 3,000 years the area has cleared itself for his field party. Many are not keen about of sand and been reinhabited by man. enduring the hardships of a landscape that is This year Dr. Trousdale will spend most of almost as desolate as Antarctica, its his four-month stay investigating another temperatures hovering at around 100 degrees sector of the Sistan area. It is nearer the and the winds often blowing for days un- Helmand River where the Afghanistan remittingly and viciously at 25 to 40 miles an Government pla ns a new road. Dr. hour. But a small, dedicated corps of Trousdale is interested in seeing if the I ___-- --"s"'~cialists ha orked with the p[Qjec.Lsin~ rio d s of histor during which the Sar-Q- its inception in 1971 . Tar region wa s unoccupied can be accounted 'Granary of Asia' for closer to the ri ver. If it was continuously Despite its inhospitality to life the region is occupied, there is a possibility that some of extraordinary archeological interest. links can be found to the Indus Valley EEO COUNSELORS - Five Smithsonian employees have recently joined the Equal Islamic ruins are scattered everywhere over civilization, or to cultures north and west in Opportunity program as counselors: (from left) Melanie R. Bond and Thomas E. Miller from the 500 square miles of the Sistan desert. Iran. the National Zoological Park; Robert G. Myers, Office of Printing and Photographic Most of them date to a period between 1000 He will revisit Sar-O-Tar briefly to con Services; Franklin B. Bruns, Jr., Division of Postal History, National Museum of History and 1500 A.D. when this area supported a tinue charting the sand dune movement in and Technology, and Allan Kaneshiro, National Collection of Fine Arts. The Counselors, popUlation of hundreds of thousands of the area and to take fresh samples from his who are permanent employees with other assigned duties, aim informally to resolve people and was known as the "granary of main excavation trench for carbon dating. complaints of discrimination brought to them by persons who seek their guidance. Asia." His earliest date in the city so far is 1st The city of Sar-O-Tar is the largest ruin in ce ntury B. c. but he is only one third of the the region and the site on which Dr. way down in the mound at the city's center Trousdale's project has focused up to now. a mound in which he has so far uncovered! the Inside its 80-foot-high walls and moats were ruins of three palaces built one on top of 81 Photographers Complete richly ornate mosques and palaces with another. soaring arches, grand courtyards and pools. Sar-O-Tar's Fate Folklife Festival Workshop The city flourished until the 13th century One aspect of hi s work that gives Dr. when it was sacked by Genghis Khan's Trousdale a major concern is that the part of A group of photographers from the Office hordes. They also destroyed the intricate In addition to providing coverage of the Sar-O-Tar that still stands uncovered by of Printing and Photographic Services has system of dams and canals that supplied the Festival, the workshop was an integral part sa nd is rapidly collapsing. completed a color photojournalism of the OPPS training program. city and its outlying region with water from "It should be studied by architectural workshop during which they photographed Those enrolled in one or both parts of the the Helmand River 50 miles distant. Political hi storians and specialists on urban settle the recent Festival of American Folklife. workshop were John Wooten, Danny decline followed and then came the sand. ment patterns," he said. "In 50 years much Arthur L. Gaush, director of OPPS, T hompson, Doc Dougherty, Dwight Bow The wind blew deposits out of ancient lake will be unrecoverable. But the region is so reported that the workshop was instructed man, Chip Clark, Richard Farrar, Vincent beds which buried the region under dunes 25 remote still that few realize the richness or by noted freelance photojournalist Fred Connolly and Harry Neufeld. Peggy to 60 feet high. importance of its remains." Ward. Mr. Ward is represented by the Black Kauders, a volunteer working with OPPS Star Agency and appears regularly in for the summer, also attended. National Geographic and si milar Additional photographic equipment loan publications. He recently published Portrait ed to OPPS by Nikon, Inc. , especially for the of a President, a detailed photographic book workshop enabled the Office to field a larger giving an intimate view ofthe first days of the number of photographers than usual for the Ford Administration. program. Mr. Gaush said the OPPS workshop The workshop assignments were program was conducted in two parts, June 3- photographed entirely on 35 millimeter color 6, and July 2-5, and was coordinated by Jim transparencies. Overnight processing was Wallace, hi s special assistant. completed by Lorie Aceto and Joe Goulait of "This wo rkshop included an intensive the OPPS color lab. series of the techniques of photojournalism and its application," Mr. Wallace said. "Mr. Ward not only spent time discussing the taking of good photographs, but also gave actual assignments on the Mall which were Jones Attends Conference photographed, processed overnight by the OPPS color laboratory and then critiqued Sterling Jones, Assistant Chief of the next day." the Laboratory Branch of OPPS, While the workshop technique is not new recently attended a one-week con this is believed to be the first time such a ference at the Winona School of program has been cond ucted with a group of Professional Photography, Winona Civil Service photographers representing the Lake, Ind., where he studied same office. photographic department manage During the second part of the workshop, ment and control. assignments were designed to provide a The conference was designed to complete photographic portrait of the update skills of professional Festival. Each photographer was assigned a photographers and acquaint them different area each day, giving a variety of with the latest in materials, equipment views and photographic approaches to each and techniques. The buried city of Sar-O-Tar in Afghanistan. subject.

------Page 4 THE SMITHSONIAN TORCH August ·1975 Scholars, Scientists Gather For Work as Smithsonian Fellows Visiting scholars and scientists from research and study which is closely allied around the United States and abroad are with research interests of Smithsonian facul among Smithsonian Fellows now arriving ty. Fellows will be working in virtually every for the 1975-76 academic year. area of research in the Institution, and are They will pursue their research in associa eager to meet and talk with people at the tion with research staff members of Smithso Smithsonian about mutual interests. nian museums, laboratories, field stations Anyone who wishes more information and other facilities. about this year's Fellows is invited to Twenty-five predoctoral Fellows will con telephone Ed Davidson or Gretchen Gayle duct research for their dissertations, and 18 on Extension 5071 , or to stop in at the Office postdoctoral Fellows, investigators who of Academic Studies, SI 356. A list of the have received a degree within the last five Fellows, containing brief titles of their years, will work on projects of their choos research projects and information about ing. where they can be located, is also available In all cases Fellows will be engaged in from Academic Studies.

BI itzer, Bi IIi ngton Named as Members Of Exchange Board

Charle s Blitze r, Smithsonian's Assistant CERTIFICATES OF TRAINING PRESENTED - Following 12 weeks of training in Secretary for History and Art, and James H. trades helper skills, these National Zoological Park participants were presented certificates of Billington, Director of the Woodrow Wilson training in various fields. Recipients of certificates were (from left, standing next to James International Ce nter for Scholars, have been Pearson, Training Coordinator) Johnny Brown, Masonry Worker Helper; Robert Wooten, named members of a special advisory com Welding Worker Helper; Amuel Mason, Electrical Worker Helper; (front row) Emanuel mittee for the 30th anniversary Bicentennial Calloway, Junior Pipefitter and Gregory Davis, Metal Worker Helper. Reginald Dunlap, project sponsored by the Board of Foreign Utility Systems Repairer-Operator Helper, was absent when the photo was taken. Scholarshi ps. This presidentially-appointed board ad ministers the worldwide educational ex change program under the Fulbright-Hays CBCES Educational Center Dedicated Act and is chaired by former Sen. J. William From Page 2 Fulbright, author of the legislation which MRS. INGRAHAM HONORED - Mrs. initiated the program 30 years ago. Mary Ingraham, a veteran editor at the programs for local children and adults, we terrestrial and aquatic ecology. The core of The Bicentennial project, "International Smithsonian Institution Press, was honored are striving to fulfill our objectives." the Center's research effort is the Rhode Education: Link · for Human Understand June 27 at a retirement party by fellow Recently, CBCES initiated a large scale River Program - a long term study of tlhe ing," will have as its primary objectives a workers. Mrs. Ingraham is holding a copy of model field trip program in outdoor educa relationships between man's activities and review of the impact of international Official White House China, a new publica tion. In this program, teachers are given his environment. At present, scientists are educational exchange and consideration of tion which was presented to her along with a brochures which completely outline an out contin·ually monitoring, with automated its future role in the development of a world large silver bowl as a going-away present. door activity, including background infor methods, various aspects of man's activities community. Funded by the Department of She had been at the Smithsonian since April mation and follow-up activities for the on over two-thirds of the Rhode River State, the project will be administered 23, 1958, and was recently an editor of children; they are then encouraged to lead watershed. It is the most extensive study of through the Institute of International Educa scientific papers with concentration in the field trips at an outdoor facility such as its kind underway on an estuarine system in tion. field of botany. CBCES without depending on "an expert.". the United States. This project is closely This approach promotes increased learning coordinated with a similar study being con on the part of the children by insuring ducted at the Smithsonian's Tropical activities relating to the outdoor experience Research Institute in Panama. Smithsonian NMHT Acquires 99-Year-Old before and after the visit. scientists are examining the similarities and Efforts are also being made to develop a differences between temperate zone '76 model Outdoor Environmental Education ecosystems on the Rh ode River and tropical Locomotive fo r Display Program for Adults. CBCES staff are ex zone ecosystems in Panama. The Smithsonian's National Museum of History and Technology has acquired a ploring ways of working with adults that CBCES has also done -research on more transcend traditional lectures and nature imme d iate pro blems affec ting the 99-year-old " American type" steam locomotive whose kind dominated t·he nation's walks. In addition, the Center had formed a Chesapeake Bay. As a member of the railways in the 19th Century. coalition on adult environmental education Chesapeake Research Consortium (CRC), Built in Philadelphia in 1876 as a wood of Philadelphia, " No. 84" began se rVice on with the National Park Service and the the Smithsonian has been collaborating with burner, the engine is one of about 25 of its the Santa Cruz Railroad of California as the National Audubon Society. the Uni ve rsity of Maryland, The Johns type known to exist, of approximately Jupiter (No. 3) . It was sent to the Guatemala Another area of involvement is with Hopkins University, and the Virgi nia In 25 ,000 that were manufactured. Central Railroad in 1885, later serving on the developing environmental activities through stitute of Marine Science on bay-wide Finding this classic loco'motive; which saw successor line, the International Railway of the Outdoor Biology Instructional Strategies research problems. CRC research projects se rvice in Guatemala as recently as the 1950s, Central America. The engine last worked on project. The Center rece ived a Nationaf include the effects of Hurricane Agnes on the ended a 15-year search by John H. White, the l.R.C.A.'s Ocos Branch in Northwestern Science Foundation grant designed to imple Chesapeake Ba y, the impact of se werage and N M HT Curator of Transportation. Guatemala. ment OBIS within out-or-school in other contaminants on the Bay's ecosystem The engine is considered a classic The Smithsonian's long search for an stitutions. CBCES wa s also designated as an and the status of the Ba y's wetland s and American type because of its wheel arrange American type locomotive touched railroad OBIS National Field Center. marshes. ment of four leading wheels and four driving companies and private collectors throughout OBIS is an outdoor biology program that In the future, the Ce nter plans to continue wheels. The system, developed in the U. S., the United States and in Central and South gi ves young people between the ages of ten and expand its research on estuarine enabled such locomotives to negotiate un America. In 1960, White tried to obtain "No. and 15 years the experience of observing and systems. There will also be opportunities to even tracks and sharp curves that were 84" from the I. R.C.A., but learned that there investigating organisms and events in the study the ever-changing mosaic of forests, characteristic of railroads then. were plans to sell it to a private collector. out-of-doors. Under the NSF grant, the field s, farms and huma n settlements of the The engine, "No. 84," will be restored for Unable to complete the deal, the I.R.C.A. Center is conducting instructional Rhode River watershed. display in" 1876: A Centennial Exhibition," returned "No. 84" to storage. workshops on OBIS activities for elementary Dr. Challinor concluded, "These oppor a Bicentennial retrospective that opens in Several years later, title to the l.R.C.A. and junior high school teachers, summer day tunities will challenge the curiosity and May, 1976, in the Arts and Industries came into the hands of O. Roy Chalk, then camp directors, and high school students. creativity of scholars for years to come and Building as a re-creation of the spirit and President of the D. C. Transit Company. He For the third year a summer ecology this challenge is the foundation of science in tone of the Philadelphia Centennial. brought "No. 84" to Washington, for display program for children in grades 3 through 9 the Smithsonian. We look forward, Restoration, already underway at the with vintage street cars, fire engines and was operated at CBCES. A major objective therefore, with a great deal of excitement, to Smithsonian's Silver Hill, Md., facility, will airplanes on the Kennedy Playground at 7th of this program is to train college students in the future development of the Chesapeake require hours of painstaking work by and 0 Streets, N.W. in 1964. outdoor education techniques. Bay Center." Smithsonian conservators. Learning that "No. 84" was on the In previous years, the Summer Ecology Converted to coal-burning in 1915 and playground, Curator White urged Mr. Chalk Program was conducted at the Center's fitted with an oil burner three years later, the to donate the historic locomotive to the research facilities. This year, college students engine will , be returned to its original Smithsonian and save it from eventual are taking the program to the children. Each appearance, as will the locomotive's wooden deterioration in its outdoor setting. week they will work in a different local Ai r and Space Garag1e cab. "No. 84's" metal cow-catcher, a modern Mr. Chalk agreed, provided that another community teaching the children of those substitute for the original one, will be replac engine could be found for the playground, communities about "the ecology of their own The underground parking area at the ed as well. When other repairs are done, the and a small industrial engine of more modest backyard." Institution's new National Air and Space locomotive will be elegantly refinished with historical value was obtained from Dr. In the fall of 1975, the Center will in Museum opened to the public July 28. gold leaf lettering and striping. Stanley A. Groman, founder of the Rail City augurate a work/ learn program in En The garage is provided for the convenience Built by the Baldwin Locomotive Works Museum, Sandy Creek, N.Y. vironmental Studies. Six students, selected of visitors to museums on the Mall, and rates from a nationwide competition, will work are structured to discourage all-day parking. with several members of CBCES's Motorists using .the facility will be charged professional staff on projects such as forest 65 cents an hour for the first three hours, amd succession, estuarine ecology and en $1 an hour thereafter, with no maximum. vironmental education. This workJlearn Thus, someone parking there for seven program will provide these students with a consecutive hours would be charged $1.95 unique opportunity to do concentrated for the first three hours an $4 for the next work in their own area under expert supervi four hours, for a total of $5 .95. sion and to participate in the full range of · The garage entrance is on Seventh Stn!et, environmental studies at the Center. between Independence Avenue and Jeffer After the Education Program had been son Drive. It will be open seven days a week, described, Dr. Challinor outlined the 7 a.m. to 10 p.m. April through August, and ,Center's scientific research program in 7 a.m. to 7 p.m. September through March. No. 84 as it appeared. about 1880.

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