En Känsla Av Ljud Den Subtila Och Platsanpassade Ljudinstallationen Som En Del Av Uterummet

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En Känsla Av Ljud Den Subtila Och Platsanpassade Ljudinstallationen Som En Del Av Uterummet En känsla av ljud Den subtila och platsanpassade ljudinstallationen som en del av uterummet Examensarbete i Landskapsarkitektur Gunnar Cerwén 2008 och 2009 Fakulteten för Landskapsplanering, Trädgårds- och Jordbruksvetenskap Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet, SLU, Alnarp Självständigt arbete vid LTJ-fakulteten, SLU, 30 HP, EX0375 En känsla av ljud Den subtila och platsanpassade ljudinstallationen som en del av uterummet Gunnar Cerwén Handledare: Huvudexaminator: Ann Bergsjö Maria Hellström Universitetslektor, SLU Landskapsarkitektur Universitetslektor, SLU Landskapsarkitektur Extern kontakt: Biträdande examinator: Anders Folkesson Pär Gustafsson Landskapsarkitekt LAR/MSA, Mellanrum Professor, SLU Landskapsarkitektur Fakulteten för Landskapsplanering, Trädgårds- och Jordbruksvetenskap Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet, SLU, Alnarp, 2009 Examensarbete inom landskapsarkitektprogrammet 30HP, Ex0375 Huvudområde: Landskapsarkitektur, Nivå och fördjupning: E Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet, SLU, Alnarp, 2009 Titel: En känsla av ljud – Den subtila och platsanpassade ljudinstallationen som en del av uterummet English Title: A sense of ambient sounds – The subtle and custom-made sound installation as part of the outside space © 2008 och 2009, Gunnar Cerwén Omslag: Gunnar Cerwén Tryck: SLU, Reproenheten Alnarp Foton och skisser i arbetet av författaren där inget annat anges. Övriga foton och skärmdumpar publicerade, tacksamt, med tillstånd från Biopix.dk, Ross Bencina, Roger Nichols Digital, QuikQuak och Steinberg. För foto i Figur 4.1. av Levin C. Handy, 1878 har upphovsrätten utgått. För ljud och ljudexempel, se länkangivelse i löpande text, eller den sammanställning som gjorts på www.landskapsrum.se/ljud där också framtida projekt kommer att presenteras. Samtliga ljudfiler av författaren. Tack till följande användare på freesound.org, för bidraget råmaterial till installationen Krusningar: Acclivity; Digifishmusic; Suonho. Nyckelord: Landskapsarkitektur, Ljudinstallation, Audio-Vision, Ljudlära, Ljudbehandling, Perception, Ljud, Ljudlandskap, Ljudmiljö, Ambiens, Ljudkonst, Musique concrète, Filmljud, Musikpsykologi, Psykoakustik, Rumsklang, Rumston, Rumslighet, Uterum. Abstract Our experience of the surrounding environment is affected by all of our senses, yet, in Landscape Architecture, by tradition, mostly the visual aspect has been the focal point. In this essay, however, the subject will be the auditory and its interaction with the visual. From cinema, we know that one given visual environment or mood can take on many forms, depending on the present sounds accompanying it – the two components interact with each other, and together, they form a new closely connected unity. Thus, any given sound can be experienced in many different ways if the surroundings supporting it should change. In the same way, the feeling of a given environment can change, if the sound changes. This is true in cinema, as well as in outdoor spaces. In urban environments especially, the interaction between image and sound may not be the desired one – traffic, rumbling, and other noises can destroy the overall impression that sight and sound combine to make. This is true even if the visual component, standing for itself, is pleasing. In situations like this, it can be fitting for the environment if one should add more, better suited sounds, through the use of speaker installations in different ways. With this approach, it is possible to mask and cover unwanted sounds and in the same time build a more pleasant and positive atmosphere. But how does one go about in doing this? From other areas, experiences have been made that can be applied also in a Landscape installation. For this essay, information has been collected from different areas such as Sound art, Film sound, and Music psychology. The information has been gathered in order that it should be able to work as an introduction and starting-point for experimentation in sound installation. For this purpose, it has been adjusted and structured in such a way, that by following the essay from beginning till end, one should acquire an understanding for every necessary aspect of this area. In three parts, it is explained: What sound and music is, how one can control and work with it, and how one can apply the information in the outside sound installation. The essay also contains a study carried out in connection with the Alnarp day in 2008, in which 20 out of approximately 60 participants filled out an inquiry. The intention was that of gaining a better understanding about general experiences and opinions towards sound installations in public. The attitudes turned out to be predominantly positive. This was true especially among those who felt that the sound and the environment contributed equally in creating the experience. As a central part of the essay, ways in which this collaboration between sound and image can be achieved are discussed. A balance between audio and vision can be obtained by the employment of a gentle sound level and careful speaker positioning along with digital sound processing techniques, such as custom-made reverberation and equalization. To strengthen the interaction even more, it is shown how frequencies that interact with the shape and size of the outside room – roomtones, can be used, as well as sounds that make reference to materials and/or other characteristics of the specific place. In connection with this, attention is also placed on the existing sounds, and how an installation can become a part of them so that a new and more positive unit can be created. With the subtle and custom-made installation, the sound becomes a part of the urban space. There is a saying, that a picture says more than a thousand words, but how much can a sound say… Or rather, how much can a three dimensional outside space together with a sound say? Sammanfattning Vår upplevelse av omgivningen påverkas av samtliga sinnen, men trots detta har man inom landskapsarkitekturen, traditionellt sett, lagt fokus huvudsakligen kring det visuella. I det här arbetet kommer istället det auditiva, och dess samspel med det visuella att behandlas. Från filmen vet vi att samma visuella miljö kan ta sig en rad olika uttryck, beroende på vilka ljud som ackompanjerar bilden – de båda delarna interagerar med varandra och bildar tillsammans en ny, sammanhållen enhet. Samma ljud kan upplevas på helt olika sätt, beroende på hur miljön runt omkring ser ut, och likaså kan en plats upplevas helt olika, beroende på de ljud som för tillfället samspelar med det. Detta gäller också för utemiljöer. Särskilt i urbana miljöer är det sällan som vi får det samspel mellan delarna som vi kanske egentligen önskar oss – trafik, buller och oljud tar ofta överhanden och kan förstöra hela intrycket. Detta gäller även om det visuella, stående för sig själv äger stora kvaliteter. I sådana situationer kan det vara lämpligt att tillföra ljud med högtalarinstallationer på olika sätt för att söka bättra på samspelet. En installation kan maskera och täcka över oönskade komponenter i landskapet, och istället bidra med en positiv laddning. Men hur går man tillväga? Inom andra områden finns erfarenheter som kan appliceras också i en landskapsinstallation. I det här arbetet har sammanförts information från en rad olika sådana områden, exempelvis ljudkonst, filmljudläggning och musikpsykologi. Informationen har sammanställts med avsikten att den ska kunna fungera som en introduktion och utgångspunkt för experimenterande kring ljudinstallationer. Den har därför anpassats och strukturerats på ett sådant sätt att man, genom att följa arbetet från början till slut, ska kunna få en förståelse för hela processen. I sammanlagt tre delar utreds: Vad ljud och musik är, hur man kontrollerar och arbetar med ljud, samt slutligen, hur man tillämpar detta i en landskapssituation. Arbetet innehåller också en undersökning, genomförd i samband med Alnarpsdagen, 2008, i vilken 20 av ungefär 60 deltagare fyllde i en enkät. Avsikten var att undersöka attityder och upplevelser relaterade till ljudinstallationer och inställningen visade sig vara övervägande positiv. Detta gällde särskilt för de deltagare som upplevde att det fanns ett samspel, så att ljud och plats bidrog lika mycket till upplevelsen. I arbetet visas hur man på olika sätt kan åstadkomma ett sådant samspel genom att använda en genomtänkt placering av högtalare, låg volym, samt skräddarsydd rumsklang och annan ljudbehandling. För att förankra installationen ytterligare i platsen visas också hur man kan använda frekvenser som samspelar med trädgårdsrummets form och storlek – rumstoner, eller ljud som refererar till platsens material och karaktär på olika sätt. I samband med detta lyfts också platsens befintliga ljud fram, och hur man kan få en installation att smälta in i dem så att en ny, mer positivt laddad enhet kan skapas. Som resultat får man den subtila, platsanpassade ljudinstallationen som blir en del av uterummet. Man brukar säga att en bild säger mer än tusen ord, men frågan är hur mycket ett ljud kan säga… Eller ännu hellre – hur mycket kan ett tredimensionellt uterum och ett ljud tillsammans säga? Innehållsförteckning FÖRORD ..................................................... 8 2. ATT UPPFATTA LJUD ....................... 28 ATT ”SE” LJUD ................................................. 28 INLEDNING ............................................... 9 Ear-Cleansing ................................................... 28 BAKGRUND ........................................................ 9 HÖRSELSINNET ..............................................
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