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Creating Dangerously: Art and Revolution 10 Natalio Galán, Musician, Composer, Teacher and Writer, Gained Limited but International Recognition During His Lifetime
were amplified by the rhythms of the sugar cane milling Until recently, the artists in this exhibition were machines, the machete strokes that cut the cane, the dismissed as “ethnographic:” conjured in isolation and overseer’s lash, and the planter’s language, and gave birth under the mystical Voodoo spell. Latin American art to a yearning for freedom.10 historians often selectively excluded Caribbean artists, The 1791 Haitian revolution posed a set of absolutely favoring the Hispanophone countries and omitting central political questions. As Laurent Dubois states, the French, Dutch, Anglophone and other islands. In Haitian revolutionaries were survivors of the Middle Pas- the last decade, a new generation of scholars emerged: sage and carried with them the African spirit of indepen- Tatiana Flores, Michelle Stephens, Jerry Philogene, and dence.11 In her book, Haiti, Hegel and Universal History many others, who have suggested nuanced definitions Susan Buck Morss claims that the “Haitian revolution of Caribbean identity, and placed it firmly within the informed the Hegelian master/slave dialectic and that it Diasporic and Trans-Atlantic discourses. stands above the French and American revolutions.”12 Creating Dangerously humbly follows in their foot- It inspired the abolitionists, the Civil Rights move- steps and attempts to reveal the almost invisible linkages ment, and the Black Lives Matter movement. This between the mainland Haitian artists and their contem- revolutionary creativity imbues the artworks in Creating porary colleagues. The exhibition proposes a system of Dangerously. It also sends out danger signals to those definitions that binds together the works on display into who are in power. -
Vodou, Serving the Spirits
Afro-Caribbean Vodou, Serving the Spirits Vodou, Serving the Spirits Summary: Vodou (meaning "spirit" or "god" in the Fon and Ewe languages of West Africa) is a blending (syncretism) of African religious traditions and Catholicism. In the United States, Vodou religious ceremonies are often performed in private group settings where spirits manifest in devotees through posession. The term "Vodou" derives from a word meaning “spirit” or “god” in the Fon and Ewe languages of West Africa. It has come to be used as the name for the religious traditions of Haiti, which blend Fon, Kongo, and Yoruba African religions with French Catholicism. However, while Haitians themselves speak more often of “serving the spirits,” today they also use the term Vodou. Since the late 1950s, with the Haitian immigrant and refugee population increasing in the United States, these traditions of “serving the spirits” have become part of the American religious landscape. By the late 18th century, the Caribbean island of St. Domingue, or Hispaniola, of which Haiti occupies the western third, had already received considerably more African captives than Cuba or the United States would receive throughout their participation in the slave trade. Nearly half of the laborers who worked the island’s sugar plantations came from West and Central Africa. After the Haitian revolution made Haiti an independent nation in 1804, the influx of African slaves was cut off, but the large Haitian citizenry of African descent continued to develop elaborate African-inspired traditions. The Vodou gods or spirits, called lwa, are grouped into several “nations,” linked to areas and peoples in Africa. -
The Blood of the Land: Haitian Vodou
THE BLOOD OF THE LAND: HAITIAN VODOU Michael S. VanHook International Strategic Alliances The Blood of the Land: Haitian Vodou 2 THE BLOOD OF LAND: HAITIAN VODOU Michael S. VanHook, International Strategic Alliances Copyright © 2020 by Michael S. VanHook All rights reserved. This resource is provided to give context and essential background information for those persons with an interest in serving the people of Haiti. It is made available without charge by the publisher, ISA Publishing Group, a division of International Strategic Alliances, Inc. Scanning, uploading, and electronic sharing is permitted. If you would like to use material from this book, please contact the publisher at [email protected]. Thank you for your support. ISA Publishing Group A division of International Strategic Alliances, Inc. P.O. Box 691 West Chester, OH 45071 For more information about the work of International Strategic Alliances, contact us at [email protected]. For more information about the author or for speaking engagements, contact him at [email protected]. The Blood of the Land: Haitian Vodou 3 THE BLOOD OF THE LAND: HAITIAN VODOU Michael S. VanHook, International Strategic Alliances INTRODUCTION 4 HISTORY 6 Transformed by Cruelty 7 Bois Caïman 9 Independent Isolation 11 “A Goat Without Horns” 15 Occupied Vodou 18 “The Principle Slave of Satan” 24 Summoning the Spirits 25 THEOLOGY 31 Haitian Vodou is a polytheistic religion 31 The Loas 31 Haitian Vodou is a syncretic religion 40 Vodou is an animistic religion 44 Haitian Vodou is magic 45 The Blood of the Land: Haitian Vodou 4 PRACTICES 53 The Priesthood 53 Ceremonies and Rituals 55 Black Magic 61 REVERBERATIONS 63 Fatalism 63 Christian Mission 65 Personal Note 70 GLOSSARY 72 BIBLIOGRAPHY 78 Resources 78 Images 80 AUTHOR 84 The Blood of the Land: Haitian Vodou 5 Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION Tanbou bat nan raje, men se lakay li vin danse – The drum is beaten in the grass, but it is at home that it comes to dance. -
Republic of Haiti
Coor din ates: 1 9 °00′N 7 2 °2 5 ′W Haiti Haiti (/ heɪti/ ( listen); French: Haïti [a.iti]; Haitian ˈ Republic of Haiti Creole: Ayiti [ajiti]), officially the Republic of Haiti (French: République d'Haïti; Haitian Creole: Repiblik République d'Haïti (French) [8] [note 1] Ayiti) and formerly called Hayti, is a Repiblik Ayiti (Haitian Creole) sovereign state located on the island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean Sea. It occupies the western three-eighths of the island, which it shares with the Dominican Republic.[11][12] Haiti is 27 ,7 50 square kilometres (10,7 14 sq mi) in Flag Coat of arms size and has an estimated 10.8 million people,[4] making it the most populous country in the Caribbean Motto: "Liberté, égalité, fraternité" (French)[1] Community (CARICOM) and the second-most "Libète, Egalite, Fratènite" (Haitian Creole) populous country in the Caribbean as a whole. The "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity" region was originally inhabited by the indigenous Motto on traditional coat of arms: Taíno people. Spain landed on the island on 5 "L'union fait la force" (French) [2] December 1492 during the first voyage of Christopher "Inite se fòs" (Haitian Creole) Columbus across the Atlantic. When Columbus "Union makes strength" initially landed in Haiti, he had thought he had found Anthem: La Dessalinienne (French) [13] India or China. On Christmas Day 1492, Columbus' Desalinyèn (Haitian Creole) flagship the Santa Maria ran aground north of what is "The Dessalines Song" 0:00 MENU now Limonade.[14][15][16][17] As a consequence, Columbus ordered his men to salvage what they could from the ship, and he created the first European settlement in the Americas, naming it La Navidad after the day the ship was destroyed. -
Copyright Material Didier William
COPYRIGHT MATERIAL DIDIER WILLIAM FIGGE ART MUSEUM | DAVENPORT, IOWA COPYRIGHT MATERIAL © 2020 Figge Art Museum Figge Art Museum 225 West Second Street | Davenport, IA 52801 563.326.7804 www.figgeartmuseum.org ISBN 978-0-9771491-0-0 Editor | Vanessa Sage | Assistant Curator, Figge Art Museum Design | Pederson Paetz Printing | Elman Print This catalogue was published in conjunction with the exhibition Didier William: Lakou at the Figge Art Museum, February 8-May 31, 2020. Support for this catalogue has been provided by The Figge Art Museum Haitian Art Travel Endowment, Estate of Walter E. Neiswanger, MD In “The Beautiful Condition of Diaspora,” Dr. Jerry Philogene draws on previous writing completed for Curtains, Stages and Shadows, Act I and Act II, 2018. Artwork images courtesy of the artist, Anna Zorina Gallery, New York, NY, and James Fuentes, LLC, New York, NY 2 COPYRIGHT MATERIAL CONTENTS 5 Foreword 7 Acknowledgments 9 Visuals from a “New World” Edouard Duval-Carrié 15 The Beautiful Condition of Diaspora Jerry Philogene, Ph.D. 22 Exhibition Checklist 23 Exhibition Images 36 Artist Biography 3 COPYRIGHT MATERIAL Installation image 4 COPYRIGHT MATERIAL FOREWORD As the preeminent cultural hub of the Quad Cities, the perspective with which to view the Figge’s renowned Figge Art Museum is privileged to bring outstanding Haitian collection. artwork and new experiences to the community it Vanessa Sage, the exhibition’s curator, organized serves, and we are pleased to present Didier William: this catalogue featuring essays by Dr. Jerry Philogene Lakou, the first solo museum exhibition of celebrated and Edouard Duval-Carrié. Duval-Carrié’s essay Haitian American artist Didier William and the first explores the cultural history of Haiti and how artists time his work has been shown in the Midwest. -
TRANSFORMATIVE VISIONS: Works by Haitian Artists from the Permanent Collection
TRANSFORMATIVE VISIONS: Works by Haitian Artists from the Permanent Collection TRANSFORMATIVE VISIONS: Works by Haitian Artists from the Permanent Collection Kate Ramsey and Louis Herns Marcelin Mario Benjamin b. 1964, Port-au-Prince, Haiti Untitled, ca. 1996 mixed media on masonite 60 x 48 1/4 x 3 7/8 in. (152.4 x 122.6 x 9.8 cm) Gift of Dr. and Mrs. Carl Eisdorfer, 2002.57.48 Published on the occasion of the exhibition Transformative Visions: Works by Haitian Artists from the Permanent Collection, November 8, 2014 – January 18, 2015. Organized by Louis Herns Marcelin, Ph.D. and Kate Ramsey, Ph.D. TRANSFORMATIVE VISIONS reproduced in any form, by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or by any storage or retrieval system, without the written permission of the Lowe Art Museum, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146. the materials presented herein. Any person or organization that may have been inadvertently overlooked vi FOREWORD or proved unreachable should contact the Lowe directly so that the necessary corrections can be made in Jill Deupi any future printings. viii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Funding for the exhibition and catalogue was made possible through Beaux Art, and the membership of Kate Ramsey and Louis Herns Marcelin the Lowe Art Museum, with additional support from the Linnie E. Dalbeck Memorial Foundation Trust. xi NOTE ON THE SPELLING OF TERMS IN HAITIAN KREYÒL 1 TRANSFORMATIVE VISIONS: AN INTRODUCTION Additional programmatic support was provided through HSBC, the University of Miami’s Center for the Humanities, the College of Arts and Sciences’ Strategic Initiatives Fund, Caribbean Literary and Cultural Kate Ramsey Studies in the Department of English, the Department of Modern Languages and Literatures Joseph Carter Memorial Fund, the Department of Anthropology, the Department of Art and Art History, the 23 CONVERSATION WITH PASCALE MONNIN Department of History, the Program in Africana Studies, and the Program in American Studies. -
Haitian Historical and Cultural Legacy
Haitian Historical and Cultural Legacy A Journey Through Time A Resource Guide for Teachers HABETAC The Haitian Bilingual/ESL Technical Assistance Center HABETAC The Haitian Bilingual/ESL Technical Assistance Center @ Brooklyn College 2900 Bedford Avenue James Hall, Room 3103J Brooklyn, NY 11210 Copyright © 2005 Teachers and educators, please feel free to make copies as needed to use with your students in class. Please contact HABETAC at 718-951-4668 to obtain copies of this publication. Funded by the New York State Education Department Acknowledgments Haitian Historical and Cultural Legacy: A Journey Through Time is for teachers of grades K through 12. The idea of this book was initiated by the Haitian Bilingual/ESL Technical Assistance Center (HABETAC) at City College under the direction of Myriam C. Augustin, the former director of HABETAC. This is the realization of the following team of committed, knowledgeable, and creative writers, researchers, activity developers, artists, and editors: Marie José Bernard, Resource Specialist, HABETAC at City College, New York, NY Menes Dejoie, School Psychologist, CSD 17, Brooklyn, NY Yves Raymond, Bilingual Coordinator, Erasmus Hall High School for Science and Math, Brooklyn, NY Marie Lily Cerat, Writing Specialist, P.S. 181, CSD 17, Brooklyn, NY Christine Etienne, Bilingual Staff Developer, CSD 17, Brooklyn, NY Amidor Almonord, Bilingual Teacher, P.S. 189, CSD 17, Brooklyn, NY Peter Kondrat, Educational Consultant and Freelance Writer, Brooklyn, NY Alix Ambroise, Jr., Social Studies Teacher, P.S. 138, CSD 17, Brooklyn, NY Professor Jean Y. Plaisir, Assistant Professor, Department of Childhood Education, City College of New York, New York, NY Claudette Laurent, Administrative Assistant, HABETAC at City College, New York, NY Christian Lemoine, Graphic Artist, HLH Panoramic, New York, NY. -
Drapo Vodou: Sacred Standards of Haitian Vodou
UC Santa Barbara UC Santa Barbara Previously Published Works Title Drapo Vodou: Sacred Standards of Haitian Vodou Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5mc5w4g2 Journal Flag Research Quarterly, 2(3-4) Author Platoff, Anne M. Publication Date 2015-08-01 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California FLAG RESEARCH QUARTERLY REVUE TRIMESTRIELLE DE RECHERCHE EN VEXILLOLOGIE AUGUST / AOÛT 2015 No. 7 ARTICLE A research publication of the North American Vexillological Association / Une publication de recherche de Drapo Vodou: Sacred l‘Association nord-américaine de vexillologie Standards of Haitian Vodou By ANNE M. PLATOFF* Introduction The field of vexillology is, by nature, a multidisciplinary one. It is difficult to understand the significance of an individual flag or group of flags without exam- ining the context within which those objects were created and are used. This paper will present a case study of a multidisciplinary investigation of one type of flags. Haitian Vodou flags (drapo Vodou) are little known to vexillologists, but have been studied by scholars in the fields of art, anthropology, African-American studies, and other disciplines. An investigation of prior scholarship from these areas demon- strates that this category of flags is not only significantly different than the flags usually examined by vexillologists, but they also have much to teach us about the study of flags as a multidisciplinary exercise. There are several books that are focused on Vodou flags. Patrick Arthur Polk, a prolific researcher on the topic, has produced a colorful and informative book titled Haitian Vodou Flags (1999). In his book, Polk summarizes information compiled in the preparation of his Ph.D. -
Kongo Presence in Contemporary Art of the Americas Jennifer Potter College of Fine Arts, University of Florida
Across the Waters: Kongo Presence in Contemporary Art of the Americas Jennifer Potter College of Fine Arts, University of Florida The Fall 2013 international exhibition Kongo across the Waters at the Harn Museum of Art will celebrate the 500th anniversary of the beginning of African presence in the state of Florida by featuring art associated with the Kongo people of Central Africa and the later African Diaspora, including the work of several contemporary artists. These contemporary artists incorporate Kongo and Kongo- influenced spiritual and cultural concepts into their work, but they do so in different ways based on the individual relationships that they cultivate with these traditional ideas. This study will explore and analyze the distinctively Kongo aspects of pieces by specific contemporary artists featured in the exhibition. Ultimately, the presence of fundamental Kongo concepts in their art emphasizes the enduring impact of Kongo ideas on contemporary culture. The Atlantic slave trade brought about the forced when Ne Kongo came down from heaven bearing the first migration of Africans, mostly from West and Central healing medicine, called an nkisi, that was held in an Africa, to the Americas. As they physically moved across earthenware vessel. Beneath this supreme creator god was the waters, Africans inevitably brought their cultural, a pantheon of ancestors and immortal sprits called bisimbi spiritual, and artistic ideas with them, many of which that also contributed to Kongo religious practice.2 originate among the Kongo peoples. 1 These ideas and practices transformed, merged, and adapted over time, but Minkisi some still endure to the present day, although they may exist in different forms. -
A Symbolic Analysis of Ritualistic Crime: the Forensics of Sacrifice 1
RBSE 8(24): 524-621, Dez2009 ISSN 1676-8965 ARTIGO A Symbolic Analysis of Ritualistic Crime: The Forensics of Sacrifice 1 Dawn Perlmutter Resumo: O assassinato ritual inclui uma grande variedade de atos sagrados e temporais cometidos por grupos e por indivíduos e é atribuído o mais frequentemente aos praticantes de ideologias ocultas tais como o Satanismo, o Palo Mayombe, a Santeria e outras tradições mágicas, ou aos assassinos em série e aos sadistas sexuais que assassinam ritualmente as suas vítimas. Devido a muitas controvérsias legais, práticas e éticas o estudo da violência religiosa contemporânea está em sua infância. Não houve nenhum estudo empírico sério dos crimes ou das classificações ritualísticas que distingam adequadamente entre os homicídios rituais cometidos para sagrado versus motivações temporais. Este artigo é o resultado de minha pesquisa na fenomenologia da adoração da imagem, de rituais contemporâneos do sangue, e da violência sagrada. Reflete meu esforço contínuo para proteger as liberdades religiosas de membros de religiões alternativas ao ajudar profissionais da lei de lei na investigação de crimes ritualísticos. Unitermos: Sacrifício; Violência Ritual; Análise Simbólica. Abstract : Ritual murder includes a wide variety of both sacred and secular acts committed by groups and individuals and is most often attributed to practitioners of occult ideologies such as Satanism, Palo Mayombe, Santeria, and other magical traditions, or to serial killers and sexual sadists who ritually murder their victims. Due to many legal, practical, and ethical controversies the study of contemporary religious violence is in its infancy. There have been no serious empirical studies of ritualistic crimes or classifications that adequately distinguish between ritual homicides committed for sacred versus secular motivations. -
Producing, Collecting, and Exhibiting Bizango Sculptures from Haiti Transatlantic Vodou on the International Art Scene
Producing, Collecting, and Exhibiting Bizango Sculptures from Haiti Transatlantic Vodou on the International Art Scene Catherine Benoît and André Delpuech rt is a well-established field of inquiry for dealers, collectors, or museums have been too quickly catego- anthropologists and art historians working rized by buyers or curators, if not art historians and art reviewers, on Haiti. Some recurring issues addressed by as “sacred art” or “religious art,” when not only their function contemporary scholars are art’s origins and but also their appearance or the story they tell does not exist in the role of external influences in its emer- a Vodou context. In this sense, the creation of these artworks gence and development. It is now accepted reveals more about Vodou as a vibrant source of inspiration than that the development of Haitian art began before the creation of it refers to the actual use of these works in a Vodou setting.1 theA Centre d’art, a training and exhibition space developed by The emergence on the international art scene of Bizango stat- the United States artist Dewitt Peters in 1944, and is not lim- ues, a new type of sculpture initially represented as originating ited to the art naïf that came to epitomize the country’s artistic from secret societies, provides an occasion to partake in this production in the minds of art historians, art dealers, and art- debate. Bizango is the name of a secret society in Haiti,2 and the ists themselves. A continuing issue, however, is clarifying the term has recently been used to refer to statues supposedly found relationship between different types of artistic production and in that society’s meeting places. -
A Haiti Chronicle the Undoing of a Latent Democracy, 1999-2001
A Haiti Chronicle The Undoing of a Latent Democracy, 1999-2001 Daniel Whitman Cover photo by Daniel Kedar, Haiti: Reflections. www.kedar.net © Copyright 2005, Daniel Whitman. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the written prior permission of the author. Note for Librarians: a cataloguing record for this book that includes Dewey Decimal Classification and US Library of Congress numbers is available from the National Library of Canada. The complete cataloguing record can be obtained from the National Library’s online database at: www.nlc-bnc.ca/amicus/index-e.html ISBN 1-4120-3399-3 Printed in Victoria, BC, Canada Offices in Canada, USA, Ireland, UK and Spain This book was published on-demand in cooperation with Trafford Publishing. On-demand publishing is a unique process and service of making a book available for retail sale to the public taking advantage of on-demand manufacturing and Internet marketing. On-demand publishing includes promotions, retail sales, manufacturing, order fulfilment, and accounting. Books sales in Europe: Trafford Publishing (UK) Ltd., Enterprise House, Wistaston Road Business Centre, Wistaston Road, Crewe CW27RP UNITED KINGDOM phone 01270 251 396 (local rate 0845 230 9601) facsimile 01270 254 983; [email protected] Book sales for North America and international: Trafford Publishing, 6E–2333 Government St., Victoria, BC V8T 4P4 CANADA phone 250 383 6864 (toll-free 1 888 232 4444) fax 250 383 6804; email to [email protected] www.trafford.com/robots/04-1226.html 10 9 8 7 6 5 Counselor for Public Affairs at the U.S.