Terra-Chão Em Movimento Ponto Riscado, Arte, Ritual

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Terra-Chão Em Movimento Ponto Riscado, Arte, Ritual terra-chão em movimento ponto riscado, arte, ritual Ligia Velloso Nobre UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO INTERUNIDADES EM ESTÉTICA E HISTÓRIA DA ARTE Ligia Velloso Nobre terra-chão em movimento ponto riscado, arte, ritual São Paulo, 2019 Ligia Velloso Nobre terra-chão em movimento ponto riscado, arte, ritual Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação Interunidades em Estética e História da Arte da Universidade de São Paulo (PGEHA-USP) para obtenção do título de Doutora em Estética e História da Arte. Área de concentração Teoria e Crítica de Arte Orientadora Profa. Dra. Maria Cristina Machado Freire São Paulo, 2019 Autorizo a reprodução e divulgação total ou parcial deste trabalho, por qualquer meio convencional ou eletrônico, para fins de estudo e pesquisa, desde que citada a fonte. Catalogação da Publicação Biblioteca Lourival Gomes Machado Museu de Arte Contemporânea da Universidade de São Paulo Nobre, Ligia Velloso. Terra-chão em movimento : ponto riscado, arte, ritual / Ligia Velloso Nobre ; orientadora Maria Cristina Machado Freire. -- São Paulo, 2019. 272 f. : il. Tese (Doutorado – Programa de Pós-Graduação Interunidades em Estética e História da Arte) -- Universidade de São Paulo, 2019. 1. Arte Contemporânea – Brasil. 2. Ponto Riscado. 3. Arte Afro-Brasileira. 4. Teoria da Arte (Aspectos Antropológicos). 5. Modo de Vida – Brasil. 6. Diáspora – África. 7. Nação Livre Aruanda. I. Freire, Cristina. II. Título. CDD 709.81 Ligia Velloso1 Nobre terra-chão em movimento ponto riscado, arte, ritual Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação Interunidades em Estética e História da Arte da Universidade de São Paulo para obtenção do título de Doutora em Estética e História da Arte. Aprovada em: ___ /___ /2019 Banca Examinadora Profª. Dra. Maria Cristina Machado Freire Museu de Arte Contemporânea da Universidade de São Paulo (MAC – USP) (Orientadora) Prof. Dr. Instituição Assinatura Julgamento Prof. Dra. Instituição Assinatura Julgamento Prof. Dr. Instituição Assinatura Julgamento Prof. Dr. Instituição Assinatura Julgamento Prof. Dra. Instituição Assinatura Julgamento AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço à Mentoria e Orixás da Nação Livre Aruanda, incluindo o meu Panteão, e especialmente ao babalorixá Kabila Aruanda, ao Exu Seu Sete Portas de Aruanda, e ao meu tio avô Totonho, pela potência e alegria desses encontros, no mistério do tempo, pela parceria, mento- ria, amor e amizade. Agradeço à Giselle Peixe e aos iaôs do terreiro, e seus guias e orixás. Agradeço a todos pelo axé, confiança, provocações, amizades, conversas, apoios vitais, por partilharmos essa experiência tão potente e transformadora, e pela acolhida e incentivo à feitura desta escrita-desenho-trajetória. Agradeço à Professora Cristina Freire, por receber essa minha pes- quisa, pela orientação, e especialmente pela paciência – sei que não facilitei! Agradeço imensamente à Ana Godoy, por me acompanhar, desde a qualificação, com paciência, inteligência, senso de humor, força inco- mensurável, neste processo de fazer existir essa tese, de firmar o escrever como quem desenha, e desenhar como quem escreve. Agradeço aos meus pais Ana Maria e Tácito, por todo o amor, acolhi- mento, apoio incondicional, sempre, e, particularmente, por tudo (!) que me permitiu conseguir escrever-desenhar e fazer existir essa tese. Aos meus irmãos Tácito e Renato e às suas parceiras e filhas, pelo carinho e conversas inspiradoras. A todos os amigos que apoiaram a escrita desta tese, com diálogos, leituras atentas e cuidados, que tornou possível sua feitura, meu agra- decimento imenso: Luiza Proença, Claudio Bueno, Ana Luiza Nobre, Vitor Cesar (também pelo design gráfico maravilhoso desta tese), Livia Salomoni, Luciana Itikawa, Raquel Garbelotti, Jorge Menna Barreto, Yudi Rafael, Carol Tonetti, Márcia Ferran, Fernanda Blauth, Raphaela Melhsohn, Renato Bolelli Rebouças, Fred Itioka, Amanda Rodrigues Alves, João Simões, Camila Sposati. E a todos os outros amigos, pelos en- contros e parcerias maravilhosas e transformadoras. Agradeço ao José Fernando de Peixoto Azevedo e a Paola Berenstein Jacques pela leitura atenta e implicada na Qualificação, provocando e semeando questões vitais para o desdobramento da tese. Meus agradeci- mentos especiais a Lara Penin e Eduardo Staszoswski, por me receberem, no período de minha bolsa-sanduiche, como Visiting Researcher na The New School / Parsons – School of Design Strategies, em Nova York (EUA), no segundo semestre de 2018. Grata à nossa interlocução e amizade. Ao Abou Farman, Clarissa Alcantara, Cristiane Mesquita, Deborah Cook, Dilma de Melo Silva, Fernanda Arêas Peixoto, Galciani Neves, Helio Passos Rezende e Ana Paula Baltazar, Laymert Garcia dos Santos, Lisette Lagnado, Prof. Michael Taussig, Pablo Lafuente, Peter Pál Pelbart, Karin Vazakas, Renato Sztutman, Stella Senra, Profa. Zoe Strother, pela gene- rosidade, interlocuções, aulas, sugestões, e convites ao longo desse proces- so, que foram preciosos para a construção desta tese. Agradeço também pelas boas trocas no GEACC – Grupo de Estudos em Arte conceitual e Conceitualismos no Museu, e apoios importantes de Fernanda Porto e Marina Vianna. Agradeço ao Programa de Pós-Graduaço Interunidades em Estética e História da Arte da Universidade de São Paulo, ao seu corpo docente, discente e aos funcionários do PGEHA USP Paulo Marquezini, Joana D'Arc Figueiredo, Águida Mantegna, Neusa Brandão, e do MAC Sara Vieira, e da Biblioteca do MAC USP Anderson Tobita. Grata também a Michele Gonçalves e Pedro Vó, Marinês Callori, Rosilda, Yone e Fernando, pelos apoios importantes para a materialização desta tese. Agradeço aos riscados por me provocarem e por caminharmos até aqui, firmando os cantos e gestos. O presente trabalho foi realizado com apoio da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Código de Financiamento 001. Processo: PDSE â Edital no. 47/2017 â Seleção 2018 / 88881.190495/2018-01 Ao meu tio avô Totonho, amor e sintonia por tempos imemoriais Às minhas avós Lygia e Celeste, que não conheci em vida, presenças femininas pulsantes Ao mistério, aos diaspóricos, ao povo por vir RESUMO NOBRE, Ligia Velloso. Terra-chão em movimento: ponto riscado, arte, ritual. 2019. 284 p. Tese (Doutorado em Estética e História da Arte) – Programa de Pós-Graduação Interunidades em Estética e História da Arte da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2019. Esta tese se propõe a pesquisar os pontos riscados da Nação Livre Aruanda (Cotia, São Paulo), um terreiro de culto aos orixás e guias-enti- dades ou um modo de vida artístico-ritualístico, instituída em 2001 pelo babalorixá e artista Kabila Aruanda e Mentoria. Os pontos riscados são inscrições de matriz afro-diaspórica, feitos pelo babalorixá, nos rituais – no chão de terra batida, em corpos humanos, em tecidos ou metais – em linhas em movimento e múltiplas temporalidades. Esses ‘diagramas rituais’ ou ‘cosmogramas’ operam como gestos da escuta, de produção e de instauração de modos de existência e de relações entre humanos e não humanos, ao longo de trajetórias plurais. Esta investigação dialoga com práticas artísticas que têm problematizado definições prévias e normati- zadas da história da arte ocidental. Propõe uma coexistência de práticas heterogêneas, e a potência política/ritualística da arte de pensar-agir- -sentir com e entre mundos. Palavras-chave: Pontos riscados. Arte e ritual. Teoria da arte e antropolo- gia. Modos de vida e arte contemporânea. Rituais afro-brasileiros. ABSTRACT NOBRE, Ligia Velloso. Moving Earth-ground: drawn point, art, ritu- al. 2019. 284 p. Thesis (PhD in Aesthetics and Art History) – Programa de Pós-Graduação Interunidades em Estética e História da Arte, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2019. This thesis aims to research the pontos riscados [drawn points] of Nação Livre Aruanda (Cotia, São Paulo), a terreiro [temple, shrine, commu- nity of followers] of worship to the orishas [Yoruba deities] and entities or an artistic-ritualistic form of life, instituted in 2001 by the babalo- risha [high priest] and artist Kabila Aruanda and Mentoria [Spiritual Mentors]. The pontos riscados are inscriptions of Afro-diasporic ma- trix, made by the babalorisha, in the rituals—on the ground floor, on human bodies, on tissues or metals—in moving lines and multiple tem- poralities. These 'ritual diagrams' or 'cosmograms' operate as gestu- res of listening, producing and establishing modes of existence and relationships between humans and nonhumans, along with plural tra- jectories. The research dialogues with artistic practices that have pro- blematized prior and standardized definitions of Western art history. It proposes a coexistence of heterogeneous practices, and the political/ ritualistic power of the art to think-act-feel with and in between worlds. Keywords: Drawn points. Art and ritual. Art theory and anthropology. Forms of life and contemporary art. Afro-Brazilian rituals. SUMÁRIO 15 PRÓLOGO 21 INTRODUÇÃO 41 1 Encruzilhada 43 1.1 ENCONTRO DAS LIBERDADES 61 1.2 RISCOS AFRO-ATLÂNTICOS 88 1.3 LINHAS EM MOVIMENTO 117 2 Chão 119 2.1 PELE DA TERRA, EM ESPIRAL 156 2.2 ASSENTAMENTO 182 2.3 DEBRUÇARMO-NOS 193 3 Cosmograma 195 3.1 GESTOS DA ESCUTA 207 3.2 NOS RISCOS DO TEMPO 225 3.3 EXISTÊNCIA/RESISTÊNCIA 243 CONTINUAMOS 245 REFERÊNCIAS 263 GLOSSÁRIO 15 PRÓLOGO Carta ao meu tio avô: terremoto ou liberdade como Terra-chão em movimento Brooklyn, 30 de novembro de 2018. Perder o chão, ficar sem chão, é perder o rumo, ficar atordoada, abalada. Fiquei sem chão quando soube da sua morte em 1993. Fiquei sem chão naquele terremoto no ano seguinte. Creio que perdi o chão em muitos mo- mentos, mas sigo a jornada como movimento e libertação. Lembro-me fortemente do terremoto que experienciei em 1994, na madrugada de 17 de janeiro, às 4h31 da manhã, durante 10-20 segundos, e no minuto seguinte, e onze horas depois, no dia de Martin Luther King Jr., na região de Los Angeles, nos EUA. A terra tremia. Aquele chão não era mais ‘seguro’, ‘estável’ – terá sido algum dia? Fui acordada na madru- gada com os móveis caindo, o som ensurdecedor, e saí correndo para o estacionamento do hotel de estrada, onde estava hospedada. Não sabia o que fazer, buscava perguntar para outras pessoas, e não obtinha nenhuma resposta.
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