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Copyright © 2019 Jared Heath Moore All rights reserved. The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary has permission to reproduce and disseminate this document in any form by any means for purposes chosen by the Seminary, including, without limitation, preservation or instruction. A BIBLICAL AND HISTORICAL APPRAISAL OF CONCUPISCENCE WITH SPECIAL ATTENTION TO SAME-SEX ATTRACTION A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy by Jared Heath Moore December 2019 APPROVAL SHEET A BIBLICAL AND HISTORICAL APPRAISAL OF CONCUPISCENCE WITH SPECIAL ATTENTION TO SAME-SEX ATTRACTION Jared Heath Moore Read and Approved by: Mark T. Coppenger (Chair) Bruce A. Ware Kenneth T. Magnuson Date To Amber, Beautiful, you are Far more precious than jewels. Many women have done excellently, But you surpass them all. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page PREFACE……………………………………………………………….…………….... vii Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................. 1 Reformed Theologians Who Believe Same-Sex Attraction Is Not Sinful.......................................................................................................... 1 Reformed Theologians Who Believe Same-Sex Attraction Is Sinful................ 5 Thesis................................................................................................................. 7 Background........................................................................................................ 9 Methodology.................................................................................................... 16 Outline.............................................................................................................. 17 2. A CHRONOLOGICAL SYSTEMATIC THEOLOGY OF AUGUSTINE’S TEACHING THAT CONCUPISCENCE IS ALWAYS MORALLY CULPABLE SIN....................................................... 20 Introduction...................................................................................................... 20 Methodology.................................................................................................... 21 Sin Is Grounded in Volitional Choice.............................................................. 22 A Person’s Will Is Involved in Everything a Person Does.............................. 26 Concupiscence Is Morally Culpable Sin.......................................................... 33 Baptism Is Necessary to Cleanse Concupiscence of Guilt............................... 51 Concupiscence Is Morally Culpable Sin after Baptism that Needs to Be Mortified, or Concupiscence after Baptism Is Guiltless Evil Influence that Needs to Be Resisted............................. 62 Conclusion....................................................................................................... 75 iv Chapter Page 3. ON CONCUPISCENCE, THE ROMAN CATHOLICS REJECTED AUGUSTINE AND THE REFORMED TRADITION FOLLOWED AUGUSTINE....................................................................................................... 77 Introduction...................................................................................................... 77 Methodology.................................................................................................... 78 Reformation Confessions, Catechisms, and Important Figures and Writings: Inauguration (1517-1565)........................................................ 78 Council of Trent (1545-1563)........................................................................ 107 Catechism of the Council of Trent (1566)..................................................... 109 Post-Reformation Confessions, Catechisms, and Important Figures And Writings: Early Orthodoxy (1565-1640)....................................... 110 Post Reformation Confessions, Catechisms, and Important Figures And Writings: High Orthodoxy (1640-1725)........................................ 116 1700s to the 1900s.......................................................................................... 122 Conclusion..................................................................................................... 129 4. WESLEY HILL, ROBERT GAGNON, AND THE REFORMED TRUTH THAT CONCUPISCENCE IS MORALLY CULPALBE SIN, EVEN IN CHRISTIANS........................................................................... 130 Introduction.................................................................................................... 130 Methodology.................................................................................................. 130 Wesley Hill.................................................................................................... 131 Robert Gagnon............................................................................................... 134 Evaluation of Wesley Hill.............................................................................. 137 Evaluation of Robert Gagnon........................................................................ 144 Conclusion..................................................................................................... 151 5. THE BIBLE TEACHES THAT CONCUPISCENCE IS MORALLY CULPABLE SIN, EVEN IN CHRISTIANS...................................................... 153 Introduction.................................................................................................... 153 Methodology.................................................................................................. 153 Genesis 3:6..................................................................................................... 154 v Chapter Page Matthew 5:27-30............................................................................................ 163 Romans 1:24-27............................................................................................. 174 James 1:13-15................................................................................................ 185 Pastoral Application....................................................................................... 198 Conclusion..................................................................................................... 208 6. SAME-SEX ATTRACTION CANNOT BE SUBLIMATED TO HOLINESS BECAUSE IT IS MORALLY CULPABLE SIN, EVEN IN CHRISTIANS.................................................................................... 209 Introduction.................................................................................................... 209 Methodology.................................................................................................. 209 No Attraction Contrary to God’s Design Can Be Sublimated To Holiness............................................................................................ 210 No Sinful Desire Can Be Sublimated to Holiness......................................... 220 Only God-Designed Desires Can Lead to Holiness....................................... 226 Conclusion..................................................................................................... 234 7. CONCLUSION.................................................................................................. 235 Introduction.................................................................................................... 235 Summary of Chapters..................................................................................... 235 Areas for Further Research............................................................................ 238 BIBLIOGRAPHY.................................................................................................. 240 vi PREFACE I have spent ten years studying at SBTS. I am forever changed as a result. My family and church are thankful. Thank you to President Albert Mohler for remaining biblically and confessionally faithful and steadfast for these many years. I owe my theology in part to you and to several other professors, in no particular order. First, to my doctoral supervisor, Mark Coppenger, and to committee members Bruce Ware and Kenneth Magnuson, thank you for sharpening and pushing me to think biblically and logically about concupiscence and same-sex attraction. Thank you for standing on Scripture and teaching me to do the same. Second, Stephen Wellum, thank you for teaching me the doctrine of God, the Trinity, Christology, the atonement, and the authority of Scripture as the infallible and inerrant word of God. Also, thank you for encouraging me to build my theology in light of those faithful Christians who have come before. Third, Bruce Ware, thank you for teaching me the doctrine of God, divine simplicity, the Trinity, and the authority of Scripture as the infallible and inerrant word of God. Also, thank you for being passionate about theology, ministry, and the gospel. Fourth, Greg Allison, thank you for teaching me anthropology. I owe much of my love for others to you, from my spouse, and our children, to my church, the unborn, and orphans. Fifth, Russell Moore, thank you for teaching me to preach, and to be passionate about engaging culture, loving God and my neighbor. Thank you for teaching me that the Bible is a book for humanity, not merely the church. Crossville, Tennessee Jared Moore December 2019 vii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION In recent years, there has been an explosion of writings in evangelicalism on whether same-sex attraction is sinful. The writings are spurred largely