DOCSLIB.ORG

Frisia Has Been Making Life Sweeter Since 1899 How Are Mallows Made?

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Frisia Has Been Making Life Sweeter Since 1899 How Are Mallows Made? Frisia has been making life How are mallows made? sweeter since 1899 We’re proud of our history. We have been making candy that cheers people up for over 120 years. What are mallows made of? Mixing and cooking the ingredients That’s how it was back in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries when our products were The ingredients in The sugar and the syrup are kept in huge sold at the funfairs of Friesland in the Netherlands mallows are sugar, storage tanks next to the marshmallow and it’s still like that today. glucose (a sort of factory. These ingredients go through thick syrup), gelatin, water, pipes to the “kitchen”: a production hall full of air, colouring agents huge kettles. The sugar, syrup, gelatin and and flavourings. water are stirred together in these kettles. They The history of the mallow are heated up to make a cooked mixture. After A more difficult name for sugar is saccharose. mixing and heating, a machine removes the air Europe’s biggest mallows factory is in Harlingen, Friesland It’s quite simply the same sugar that people from the mixture (evaporating) to make it (the Netherlands). This factory has been there since 1899, put in their coffee or tea. This sugar is made in easier to measure the right quantity of the making it over 120 years old. When the factory was first the Netherlands from sugar beets that mixture. built, they made all sorts of candy, including lollies, acid farmers grow on their land. Gelatin is a drops and nougat. In those days, people thought eating protein. Proteins are found mainly in meat, Other machines then mallows when they were ill would make them better. eggs and beans. Frisia uses the gelatin protein beat the mixture to Pharmacists sold mallows that were made of plants and in their mallows because protein froths very put the air back in. roots to help deal with pain, for example. easily. This way, the mallows stay nice and This air consists of The factory in Harlingen began making mallows in 1966, fluffy. The colouring agents give the mallows lots of tiny air under the brand name Frisia. Today, the factory focuses lovely colours: pink and yellow, but green and bubbles. These exclusively on making marshmallows. No other candy is orange, too. bubbles make the produced there now. The other Frisia candies are made in You can spot Frisia mallows thanks to their marshmallow the factories in Nijkerk and Turnhout. wonderfully smooth creamy vanilla taste and deliciously light and smell. Mmmmmmm.... stretchable. This is the basic marshmallow. Colouring agents and flavourings are added to this From extruding and cutting to basic mixture. storage Pipes come from the kettles that squirt the warm marshmallow mixture onto large “marshmallow belts”. The technical word for The mallows are put in little bags this is extruding. During this process, it forms the mixture into a shape. For example, the To sell the mallows in the shape of a very long cable, if Cable mallows shop, they have to be are being made. The long string of packed in little bags, of Why Frisia? The name marshmallow is warm and sticky, but of course course. This is done fully simply comes from it mustn’t get stuck to the belt! To prevent this, automatically by FRIESLAND “Friesland”, which used flour is sprinkled onto the belts. packaging machines. It is to be called “Frisia”. The FLAG OF FRIESLAND The marshmallow is cooled, as well, so that it important to make sure Frisia logo still has a link becomes slightly dry on the outside. A cutting that each bag weighs the with the flag of Friesland NORTH SEA machine can now cut the marshmallow into same. So the mallows fall small pieces. But before the string of as they both bear the NETHERLANDS into weighing trays above heart-shaped leaf of marshmallow goes into the cutting machine, the packaging machines. A the white water lily. GERMANY another coat of flour is sprinkled onto the computer knows exactly mixture itself. Because the marshmallow must how much has to be BELGIUM not stick to the knife either! The knife cuts the weighed in these trays. You can buy bags of 25 marshmallow to the right size. The mallows g to 1,000 g! Two sorts of mallows are sold not by then go into very weight but by number. These are the Cable large rotating mallows and the Double mallows. When the washing machine bags have been filled, they are sealed by a drums. machine. This makes the flour What kinds of mallows are there? fall off the mallows again. After this, the In the past, all Frisia mallows go along a mallows were conveyor belt to diamond-shaped. They machines that dry Where can you buy Frisia mallows? were pink on one side them. The mallows and yellow on the other. are now ready! Frisia mallows are on sale in almost all major shops and supermarkets in the Netherlands. The boxes full of mallows are taken from the Now Frisia mallows come in all shapes and sizes. mallow factory to the shops in trucks. But did Examples include Party mallows, Double mallows and Packing in boxes you know that families and children in other Cable mallows. But did you know that Frisia has devised countries also mallows for almost every time of the year? When St The bags of mallows are not enjoy our Dutch Nicholas is on his way, for example, you can enjoy taken from the factory to the mallows? delicious St Nicholas mallows. Creepy Halloween shops loose. They are carried Frisia mallows are mallows are tasty, too. They come in the shape of ghosts in boxes. Each box contains also sold in and pumpkins. And there are Easter mallows as well: jolly twelve or more bags of Germany, Easter bunnies, flowers and chicks. And we make Orange mallows, for example. When a England and mallows especially for our King. A mix of box is full, a machine closes it Belgium. Dutch red-white-blue-orange mallows to make King’s Day a automatically and stacks it mallows are even spectacular celebration. Finally, Frisia also makes MEGA onto a large trolley. Forklift eaten in Hong Barbecue Marshmallows. A huge marshmallow to roast trucks take the full trolleys to a Kong and China! over the barbecue or dip in chocolate sauce in the warehouse. There the boxes summer. It lasts for aaages! are kept in very tall racks. The mallows now wait to be taken to the shops. WWW.MY-FRISIA.COM See the production process on the back. Mallows are Frisia mallow production process made of: Sugar Glucose Gelatin Water Air Colouring agents Flavourings sugar gelatin water glucose mixing The ingredients are sent to the kitchen. Here the sugar, syrup, gelatin and water are stirred together and heated to form a cooked mixture. After it has been boiled, the mixture is evaporated and then beaten again. After this, colouring agents and flavourings are added to the heating up evaporating basic marshmallow mixture. The marshmallow mixture is squirted onto large “marshmallow belts” (extruded) to be made into the right shape. Flour is sprinkled on to the belts to prevent the long string of marshmallow from sticking to the belt or the knife. The marshmallow is beating cooled so that it becomes colouring agents and flavourings slightly dry on the outside. A cutting machine cuts the marshmallow into small pieces. The mallows go into a drum to remove the flour. After this, they are dried again. The mallows are put extruding flouring in little bags. cooling de-flouring cutting drying The bags are packed in boxes. The mallows head towards you! WWW.MY-FRISIA.COM.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • CUH Was Seemg More Tourist Traffic Than Usual. Harlingen Is a on The
    The Frisians in 'Beowulf' Bremmer Jr., Rolf H.; Conde Silvestre J.C, Vázquez Gonzáles N. Citation Bremmer Jr., R. H. (2004). The Frisians in 'Beowulf'. In V. G. N. Conde Silvestre J.C (Ed.), Medieval English Literary and Cultural Studies (pp. 3-31). Murcia: SELIM. doi:•Lei fgw 1020 Version: Not Applicable (or Unknown) License: Leiden University Non-exclusive license Downloaded from: https://hdl.handle.net/1887/20833 Note: To cite this publication please use the final published version (if applicable). THE FRISIANS IN BEOWULF- BEOWULF IN FRISIA: THE VICISSITUDES TIME ABSTRACT One of the remarkable aspects is that the scene of the main plot is set, not in but in Scandinavia. Equa!l)' remarkable is that the Frisian~ are the only West Germanic tribe to a considerable role in tvvo o{the epic's sub-plots: the Finnsburg Episode raid on Frisia. In this article, I willjirst discuss the significance of the Frisians in the North Sea area in early medieval times (trade), why they appear in Beowul{ (to add prestige), and what significance their presence may have on dating (the decline ajter 800) The of the article deals with the reception of the editio princeps of Beovvulf 1 881) in Frisia in ha!fofth!:' ninete?nth century. summer 1 1, winding between Iiarlingen and HU.<~CUH was seemg more tourist traffic than usual. Harlingen is a on the coast the province of Friesland/Fryslan, 1 \Vijnaldum an insignificant hamlet not far north from Harlingen. Surely, the tourists have enjoyed the sight of lush pastures leisurely grazed Friesian cattle whose fame dates back to Roman times.
    [Show full text]
  • Old Frisian, an Introduction To
    An Introduction to Old Frisian An Introduction to Old Frisian History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary Rolf H. Bremmer, Jr. University of Leiden John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam / Philadelphia TM The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of 8 American National Standard for Information Sciences — Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Bremmer, Rolf H. (Rolf Hendrik), 1950- An introduction to Old Frisian : history, grammar, reader, glossary / Rolf H. Bremmer, Jr. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Frisian language--To 1500--Grammar. 2. Frisian language--To 1500--History. 3. Frisian language--To 1550--Texts. I. Title. PF1421.B74 2009 439’.2--dc22 2008045390 isbn 978 90 272 3255 7 (Hb; alk. paper) isbn 978 90 272 3256 4 (Pb; alk. paper) © 2009 – John Benjamins B.V. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by print, photoprint, microfilm, or any other means, without written permission from the publisher. John Benjamins Publishing Co. · P.O. Box 36224 · 1020 me Amsterdam · The Netherlands John Benjamins North America · P.O. Box 27519 · Philadelphia pa 19118-0519 · usa Table of contents Preface ix chapter i History: The when, where and what of Old Frisian 1 The Frisians. A short history (§§1–8); Texts and manuscripts (§§9–14); Language (§§15–18); The scope of Old Frisian studies (§§19–21) chapter ii Phonology: The sounds of Old Frisian 21 A. Introductory remarks (§§22–27): Spelling and pronunciation (§§22–23); Axioms and method (§§24–25); West Germanic vowel inventory (§26); A common West Germanic sound-change: gemination (§27) B.
    [Show full text]
  • A FRISIAN MODEL Henryk Sjaardema
    THE INDIVIDUATED SOCIETY: A FRISIAN MODEL Henryk Sjaardema Preface It has long seemed to me that the dynamic of human activity is directly related to ecological variables within the society. It is the intimate rela- tionship of-the individual to the requirements of his society that not only channels human energies, but provides a framework for value orientations as well. It is as if society were a vast complex of machinery and man the kinetic force driving it. As machinery falls into social disuse, malfunction and inoperation, man must turn to new or alternative avenues or see his kinetic energy fall into disuse. When the crucial social machinery becomes patterned and routinized a surplus of human energy is made available. The stable society has a way of rechanneling these energies into other roles. Where these addi- tional roles are not present-where energy becomes constricted--social revolu- tions transpire. This study has been directed toward one socio-economic segment of Western man in which the role of the individual has been measured against the ecological requirements of the society. This pilot study is an attempt to probe variables which seem crucial to the rise of the individuated society. Introduction Purpose. To investigate the individuated basis for Frisian society. If the total society can be considered in its broadest sense, as a social configuration which transcends the normal limits of thinking built into political conceptions of the totalitarian state, my meaning will be made clear- er. This social configuration is one which places the requirements of the commun'ity on all levels above that of the commnity's individual constituents.
    [Show full text]
  • Runes in Frisia
    On the Frisian origin of runic finds Runes in Frisia Johannes Beers s0632813 Leeuwarden, 15th january 2012 Runes in Frisia - Johannes Beers In may 2011 I visited London. Any student of Frisian Language and Culture knows that the British Museum there holds an important Frisian treasure: a sixth century coin with a name on it, that is regarded to be the oldest recorded word in the Frisian language: skanomodu. The fact that the name was coined in runes was new to me and it sparked a new interest in runes in general. I was surprised that not only a number of runic inscriptions been found in Friesland, but these finds make up a specific corpus of runic inscriptions. My surprise at the time has become the main question for this essay: what makes an object with a runic legend ‘Frisian’? I will be giving the shortest possible introduction into runes in general: the history, the use of runes and a bit of etymology. Then I will look at the aspects that make an object ‘Frisian’. To fully understand what these Frisian aspects are, I shall describe the corpus in as far as it is agreed upon. Finally I will have a quick look at the criticism of the Frisian corpus. Contrary to popular believe, the Germanic people were not illiterate until they became Christian. For centuries they had used their own mode of writing, using an ‘alphabet’ of characters called runes. Each rune had its own name (for example: the f was called fehu, meaning money, wealth, and the u was called uruz, wild ox).
    [Show full text]
  • National Minorities, Minority and Regional Languages in Germany
    National minorities, minority and regional languages in Germany National minorities, minority and regional languages in Germany 2 Contents Foreword . 4 Welcome . 6 Settlement areas . 8 Language areas . 9 Introduction . 10 The Danish minority . 12 The Frisian ethnic group . 20 The German Sinti and Roma . 32 The Sorbian people . 40 Regional language Lower German . 50 Annex I . Institutions and bodies . 59 II . Legal basis . 64 III . Addresses . 74 Publication data . 81 Near the Reichstag building, along the Spree promenade in Berlin, Dani Karavan‘s installation “Basic Law 49” shows the articles of Germany‘s 1949 constitution on 19 glass panes. Photo: © Jens Kalaene/dpa “ No person shall be favoured or disfavoured because of sex, parentage, race, language, homeland and origin, faith, or religious or political opinions.” Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany, Art. 3 (3), first sentence. 4 Foreword Four officially recognized national minorities live in Germany: the Danish minority, the Frisian ethnic group, the German Sinti and Roma, and the Sorbian people. The members of national minorities are German na- tionals and therefore part of the German legal order. They enjoy all rights and freedoms granted under the Basic Law without any restrictions. This brochure describes the history, the settlement areas and the organizations of the national minorities in Germany and explores how they see themselves Dr Thomas de Maizière, Member and how they live while trying to preserve their cultural of the German Bundestag roots. Each of the four minorities identifies itself in Federal Minister of the Interior particular through its own language. As language is an Photo: © Press and Information Office of the Federal Government important part of their identity, it deserves particular protection.
    [Show full text]
  • Frisian Language, As It Is Probable That the Received Its Present Form Substantially at This Time
    T HE F RI S I A N LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE A HI S TORI CA L S T UD K A R L " E XT E N T F F RI S I A I . E O . 1 ‘ LA I CA L RE FE RENCE C SS S S . TO FRI IA 1 D “ lin . P 7 . : y , who wrote about A , says I n the Rhine itself is the most renowned islan d of the Batavi and the Can n en efate s and of Frisiav o n es S tu rii s other islands the Frisians , Chanci , , and Mar ii He lin iu m Fle v u m sac . , which are scattered between and These m on th are the names of the two s into which the Rhine divides . I t to empties its waters to the north into the lakes there , and the west ” l M a a tw o of into the s . The branches the Rhine here mentioned T he are the eastern and western . eastern was formed from the Sala or "ssel W l th which the waters of the Rhi n e were connected of L Ple v o by the canal Drusus, and which flowed through ake and o f entered the sea between the islands Terschelling and Ameland . m ’ I ts lower course bore later the na e of the Fli . The western 1 I n Rheno autem ips o nobili s s im a Ba tav o r u m in s ula e t Can n e n e fatiu m aliae F e t r isio r u m , Cha u co r u m , F r isiav o n u m , Stu r io r u m , M arsa cio ru m quae s te r n u n te r inter Helin iu m e t Fle v u m : ita appell an tu r o stia in quae ' e flu su s Rhe n u s a s e pte n tr io n e in Iacu s ab occidente in am n em Mo sam s e a it .
    [Show full text]
  • 6 the North Frisians and the Wadden Sea
    6 The North Frisians and the Wadden Sea Thomas Steensen Abstract The Wadden Sea is not the edge of North Frisia, it is not a marginal part, but an integral and central element. The district of North Frisia (Kreis Nordfriesland), founded in 1970, covers an area of 2,083 square kilometres. To that must be added the Wadden region between the Eider River and the Lister Tief, covering an area of about 1,750 square kilometres. North Frisia consists of 55 percent land and no less than 45 percent mudflats. The Wadden Sea, especially the North Frisian part of it, has been shaped by an interplay over centuries between man and his natural surroundings, a phenomenon that it difficult to find elsewhere in the world. Large parts of the Wadden Sea form a ‘cemetery of the marshlands’. Kulturspuren (traces of culture) such as remains of terps and dikesdike, bricks, pottery shards, tidal gates, ditch systems, furrows, entire farming fields, and places of early salt peat extraction are a testament to the interdependence between man and nature. Archaeologist Hans Joachim Kühn considers this ‘an inexhaustible archive of remembrance and research, sometimes even of shudder’. Throughout the centuries, there has been a special relationship between the North Frisians and the Wadden Sea. This is reflected by the intense discussions on the establishment of a national park. It really would have been appropriate if in 2009 the Wadden Sea had been recognised not only as a World Natural Heritage Site but also as a World Cultural Heritage Site. So far, this cultural landscape has not been sufficiently put into focus.
    [Show full text]
  • Even After a Critical Discus- Sion of the Biography Concept, a Word Like ‘Lifecycle’ Is Still Used in Joy’S Chapter (P
    330 Robinson: Niedersächsisches Institut, Flint von Helgoland Hahn criticises one metaphor and replaces it with another (‘itinerary’). Even after a critical discus- sion of the biography concept, a word like ‘lifecycle’ is still used in Joy’s chapter (p. 135). K. P. Hofmann speaks about things that are “in Geschichten verstrickt” (‘enmeshed in stories’) etc. We might perhaps also say that scholars studying material culture are ‘enmeshed in metaphors’, and I side with her to question whether this is a problem at all as long as it makes scholars creative and looking for new ways to make sense of material culture from the past. Many contributions in this book show that the biography concept – whether they consider it a useful one or not – has at least helped them to carry out interesting and thought-provoking research. NL – 2300 RA Leiden David R. Fontijn PO Box 9514 University of Leiden E-Mail: [email protected] Faculty of Archaeology Niedersächsisches Institut für historische Küstenforschung (ed.), Marschenratskollo- quium 2012. Flint von Helgoland – Die Nutzung einer einzigartigen Rohstoffquelle an der Nordseeküste / Marshland Council Colloquium 2012. Flint from Heligoland – the Exploita- tion of a Unique Source of Raw-Material on the North Sea Coast, 26.–28. April 2012. Sied- lungs- und Küstenforschung im südlichen Nordseegebiet 37. Verlag Marie Leidorf, Rahden / Westf. 2014. € 49.80. ISBN 978-3-86757-855-4. 202 pages with 138 figures and 16 tables. Lithic raw material sourcing, procurement, distribution and utilisation studies have traditionally been published as single journal articles or book chapters. This poses a challenge to research, par- ticularly when the distribution of a raw material crosses international borders, with studies pub- lished in regional or national journals in different languages that are not always easily accessible to people living in other countries.
    [Show full text]
  • Afrikaans and Dutch As Closely-Related Languages: a Comparison to West Germanic Languages and Dutch Dialects
    Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics Plus, Vol. 47, 2015, 1-18 doi: 10.5842/47-0-649 Afrikaans and Dutch as closely-related languages: A comparison to West Germanic languages and Dutch dialects Wilbert Heeringa Institut für Germanistik, Fakultät III – Sprach- und Kulturwissenschaften, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, Oldenburg, Germany Email: [email protected] Febe de Wet Human Language Technology Research Group, CSIR Meraka Institute, Pretoria, South Africa | Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Stellenbosch University, South Africa Email: [email protected] Gerhard B. van Huyssteen Centre for Text Technology (CTexT), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa Email: [email protected] Abstract Following Den Besten‟s (2009) desiderata for historical linguistics of Afrikaans, this article aims to contribute some modern evidence to the debate regarding the founding dialects of Afrikaans. From an applied perspective (i.e. human language technology), we aim to determine which West Germanic language(s) and/or dialect(s) would be best suited for the purposes of recycling speech resources for the benefit of developing speech technologies for Afrikaans. Being recognised as a West Germanic language, Afrikaans is first compared to Standard Dutch, Standard Frisian and Standard German. Pronunciation distances are measured by means of Levenshtein distances. Afrikaans is found to be closest to Standard Dutch. Secondly, Afrikaans is compared to 361 Dutch dialectal varieties in the Netherlands and North-Belgium, using material from the Reeks Nederlandse Dialectatlassen, a series of dialect atlases compiled by Blancquaert and Pée in the period 1925-1982 which cover the Dutch dialect area. Afrikaans is found to be closest to the South-Holland dialectal variety of Zoetermeer; this largely agrees with the findings of Kloeke (1950).
    [Show full text]
  • North Frisian Dialects: a Quantitative Investigation Using a Parallel Corpus of Translations
    US WURK LXVIII (2019), p. 119 [1473] North Frisian dialects: A quantitative investigation using a parallel corpus of translations Magnus Breder Birkenes Abstract. North Frisian is well-known for its small-scale variation and the traditional classification found in Århammar (1968) assumes as many as ten dialect groups within a small area. Until this day, however, a dialect classification based on quantitative methods is lacking and the criteria for the traditional classification are also far from clear. In order to address this problem, the paper uses parallel text material (the questionnaires from Georg Wenker's “Sprachatlas des Deutschen Reichs”) and character n-grams (tri- grams). Applying cosine distance to the trigram inventories of 55 North Frisian questionnaires, the paper employs several dimension reduction techniques, e. g. multidimensional scaling, Neighbor-Net and hierarchical cluster analysis and compares the results with the traditional classification. While the latter can be confirmed to a large extent, the distinctions within Southern Mainland North Frisian seem to be less clear. Using an association measure (log-likelihood), prominent features are extracted for the six main dialect groups that emerge on basis of the aggregated data. Finally, the paper discusses the quality of the North Frisian Wenker questionnaires in the light of these findings. Keywords. n-grams, North Frisian dialects, classification, parallel corpus 1 Introduction Among the Germanic languages, North Frisian counts as a prime example of a small language with a substantial degree of linguistic variation: “[N]owhere in the Germanic speech community is there more rampant dialectal split in such a microcosm as there is in North Frisian.” (Markey 1981, 211; similarly Århammar 1968, 295).
    [Show full text]
  • Frisia and England: the Archaeological Evidence for Connections
    FRISIA AND ENGLAND: THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE FOR CONNECTIONS by Catherine Hills - Cambridge When P.C.l.A. Boeles discussed the relationship between England and Frisia during the migration period it seemed to hirn that the archaeologi­ cal evidence told a very clear story of Anglo-Saxon invasion. Ex­ cavation by van Giffen of the terp at Ezinge confirmed this story, because it seemed to show a phase dated to the fifth century, which involved destruction by fire and subsequent rebuilding with a new and intrusive building type, the grubenhaus. At the same time, new types of pottery and metalwork, especially cruciform brooches, appeared in hoth settlements and cemeteries. He identified grubenhauser and arti­ facts as Anglo-Saxon and interpreted them as evidence of an invasion of Frisia by Anglo-Saxons at about the same time that they invaded England (Boeles 1951: 578-81). The English scholars Leeds and Myres followed Boeles, although Myres suggested that Frisia was to some extent a temporary stopping place for Anglo-Saxons on their way to England. Myres was attracted by the idea that similarities between pottery from lutland, Frisia and Kent could be used to give substance to the person (or persons) known as Hengest who appears in both 'Beowulf and the 'Anglo-Saxon Chronicle'. He illustrated aseries of similar pots with simple linear ornament from these regions (Myres 1948) to demonstrate the connection "If one had been asked to guess the style of pottery which a lutish chieftain with Frisian contacts would have used" Myres argued it would have been like pottery which has in fact been found in Kent, which is where Hengest, just such a chieftain, is supposed to have setttied (Myres 1969: 97).
    [Show full text]
  • On Terpen from Flanders up to Frisia Two Maritime Regions from the Last Centuries BC Until the Late Middle Ages Compared
    On terpen from Flanders up to Frisia Two maritime regions from the last centuries BC until the Late Middle Ages compared Sophie Thasing1 Introduction By taking habitation models on the terp area of the The Dunkerque transgression model held archaeological Netherlands as an example, albeit implicit, it is assumed research of maritime regions in its grasps for decennia. It that these areas show some resemblance. Although they was believed that fundamental changes occurring in the are both former maritime environments, the question is coastal areas during the Holocene could be connected raised here to what extent these two different areas can be to shifting periods of rapid sea level rise (transgressions) compared to each other. By taking into account the natu- and to slower sea level rise or even a drop in sea level ral landscape, culture development and the research his- (regressions), both driven by climate change. During tory, what can we learn of different or similar approaches transgressions clay and sand would have been deposited and the reconstruction of both maritime cultures? In this and during regressions vegetation could develop in the contribution I will outline the history of research in both coastal area, which could be recognized by peat layers and areas, the two regional landscapes and the livelihood il- vegetation horizons. These periods of varying sea activity lustrated by food supplies and exchange. By doing so I were believed to influence habitation of the coastal area will discuss some of the theories that originate from the as well. During regressions, characterized by a relatively Groningen-Frisian terp area used by Belgian research- low sea level, the highest parts of the salt marshes became ers to explain patterns in their coastal area.
    [Show full text]