DOCSLIB.ORG

What Will Be the Future for Local Broadcasting in Norway?1  Ilona Biernacka-Ligięza UNIVERSITY of OPOLE, POLAND UNIVERSITY of OSLO, NORWAY

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
What Will Be the Future for Local Broadcasting in Norway?1  Ilona Biernacka-Ligięza UNIVERSITY of OPOLE, POLAND UNIVERSITY of OSLO, NORWAY What will be the future for Local Broadcasting in Norway?1 Ilona Biernacka-Ligięza UNIVERSITY OF OPOLE, POLAND UNIVERSITY OF OSLO, NORWAY ABSTRACT: In the era of the market-driven media, the digital transition and the ‘new media’ reign we should consider what will be the future of local broadcasting. First of all, we should look at the broadcasting legislation process – especially changes connected with the rules and privileges given to the local and community broadcasters. Second point worth consideration is the case of the tradi- tional local TV and radio stations in Norway. A few questions should be asked, for example: if the local TV/radio fulfi ls the local medium function; which is the dominant function for the local broad- casters; what will be the future of local TV/radio station; if web TV/radio replace traditional ones; what is the local programmes content etc. Th ird point which should be analyzed is the role of local TV and radio in creating local identity and local democracy. We should look at the local communication level from the wide perspective: relation global–local; globalization–glocalization. KEYWORDS: local radio, local TV, new media, broadcasting, WEB TV, Internet, society, glocaliza- tion, globalization INTRODUCTION Local media perform a linking function for displaced audiences in a global land- scape. Consumption of ‘home-based press’ in a foreign context is mainly a ritualistic cultural practice in securing personal identity, familiar formulations of cultural spaces, and communities of origin. Scientifi c research revealed that national me- dia allowed society to (re)produce situated identity marks menaced by globaliza- tion. Audiences may use local media to ground themselves in symbolic environ- ments in which external and internal boundaries are reassured through time and space. In local cultural setting, individual and collective identities acquire stabil- ity and self-confi dence. 1 Th is publication has been supported by the EEA funds (Norwegian Grants) which the author was granted in the year 2008. CENTRAL EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION 1 (2010) ISSN 1899-5101 147 JJournal_3(4)_new.indbournal_3(4)_new.indb 114747 22010-05-05010-05-05 115:10:195:10:19 Ilona Biernacka-Ligięza Current trends such as technological convergence, free movement of goods, services and capi tal, as well as market mergers and acquisitions, oft en jeopardize the potential growth of local cultures, particularly in developing countries and in tran- sition countries. Cultural industries are increasingly concentrated in the hands of a few players who have advanced technical capa cities for producing and distributing creative products. On the other hand, in order to fl ourish, what local cultures need is not to be preserved unchan ged but to live and develop in their own way, as they themselves choo se. And in this, they can benefi t from the use of the new tools of information, knowledge and communication which they can obtain only by increasing their con- nections to the larger world. Cultural exchange is also a key factoring breaking down the barriers to good relations between people and human groups and a pow- erful instrument of ‘preventive diplomacy.’ When we look at present media landscape we will defi nitely see what a huge impact the globalization has on local media within specifi c cultural and national contexts. Many scholars analyzing today’s media trends notice that the global media concerns, if they want to achieve the market, must be aware of local needs and they must adjust their programs to the local context. Moreover, it is seen that locality year by year is perceived as an important factor of media economy. For example, media in Norway are very concerned about the audience and very oft en the target is to go with the news (and adverts of course) to the very bottom. Th e situation at the Norwegian local and regional press market is rather very stable while the big national titles suff er from huge losses each year. We could see the process of mutual cooperation of the press on diff erent levels – from local to glo- bal. But it is also worth to look at the Norwegian local media market from the broadcaster perspective which at the moment seems to be rather more ‘gloomy’ than the printed press one, especially when we take into consideration local TV. Th is article is trying to present contemporary state of local broadcasting in Nor- way. Th e text is divided into two parts (fi rst presenting local radio, second local TV) and it is based on: data given by SSB and TNS Gallup; interviews and surveys followed by the author in 2008. LOCAL RADIO IN NORWAY Average weekday listening percentage of the local radio at the beginning of the 21st century balances at the level between 10 to 15% (2007/2008 was 13%). NRK total is around 50%, P4 24% and Kanal 24 (Radio Norge) 7%. When we take into consideration listeners’ age, we see that the listening level of local radio decreas- es while the age rises. It is the other way round with the public national channel NRK but similar to commercial stations P4 and Kanal 24. Th e explanation can be the content of broadcast programmes. Local radio stations’ main task is ‘entertainment’ and ‘playing popular music’ but NRK is based mainly on 148 CENTRAL EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION 1 (2010) JJournal_3(4)_new.indbournal_3(4)_new.indb 114848 22010-05-05010-05-05 115:10:195:10:19 What will be the future for Local Broadcasting in Norway? Fig. 1. Radio listening – daily channel reach 1997–2007 (share of population, per cent) Source: SSB; TNS Gallup. Fig. 2. Radio listening – daily reach by sex (2007) Source: SSB; TNS Gallup. ‘news.’ There is no big difference between local radio listeners when we look at their sex. When it comes to syndication we can call it moderate. Th e Radio1 group has centralized production for 4 stations. NTB (Norwegian Telegram Bureau) has net- work news for local radio. Th is national news is further distributed via satellite to about 100 local stations, without competition. CENTRAL EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION 1 (2010) 149 JJournal_3(4)_new.indbournal_3(4)_new.indb 114949 22010-05-05010-05-05 115:10:195:10:19 Ilona Biernacka-Ligięza Fig. 3. Radio listening – daily reach by age (2007) Source: SSB; TNS Gallup. Fig. 4. Radio listening according to programm content (2007) Source: Norsk Mediebarometer 2007/2008, SSB. Local radio development At the beginning of local radio existence in Norway its main role (from the au- thorities point of view) was to break down the monopoly of the NRK. In the early eighties (1981/1982) 50 organizations and groups were given concessions to run some ‘test local radio channels’ (Nor. Nærradio). At the same time, the cultural 150 CENTRAL EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION 1 (2010) JJournal_3(4)_new.indbournal_3(4)_new.indb 115050 22010-05-05010-05-05 115:10:195:10:19 What will be the future for Local Broadcasting in Norway? authorities established a committee that was to consider permanent concessions for local radio stations in Norway (NOU 1982, p. 33, Nærradio). Main goals established for local radio broadcasters were quite closely tight to the ideology of creating strong local identity and free diff erentiate media. Local broadcasters were established in the name of freedom of speech and as a competitor and alternative to NRK. All channels must have stood out by the local content and local coverage. Th ey also must have provided support to the Norwegian language and culture development. Moreover, local broadcasters were obliged to give the support to the Norwegian economy by the development of independent production communities. From the cultural policy local radio was expected to expand the potential access to utterance, to provide choice of programmes and create content’s diversity. Local radio with commercials or not? Th e law about local broadcasting came into force on 1st of May 1998 and according to it commercials were allowed, but 16% of the income was to be put into a fund for further distribution. Moreover, it was a strong requirement for each local channel of having local ownership and local programme production. It was also obliged for local radio not to be managed by commercial interests. Together with new broad- casting law prohibition (for local broadcasters) against networking was intro- duced. First evaluation of the permanent local radio arrangement was carried out in the early nineties, unfortunately it showed that the local radio has become something diff erent from previously supposed goals (which were maybe too idealistic). It can be clearly seen that local radio has become more commercial and it has moved quite far away from the view from the eighties. It has rather lost lot of its local attachment and it does not seem to be as important as local paper in building the local identity. It can be observed that the paper still holds the strongest position at the local media market in Norway. Except loosing its local content local radio has started to create chain formations and retransmit programmes. What also seemed quite worrying signal for the future development of local radio in Norway was a rather weak econ- omy in this sector. In such a case one conclusion must have been drawn – both the authority and broadcasters should have found some kind of solution to improve the existing, rather not perfect, situation. First of all, new goals and policy instruments were worked out. Th e decision about setting predicable constraints (especially when it comes to broadcasting time) and creating bigger concession areas was made. It was also planned to introduce ‘radio profi les’ just to separate between diff erent radio stations.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 2009-01-Solvoll.Pdf (1.176Mb)
    Televised sport Exploring the structuration of producing change and stability in a public service institution Mona Kristin Solvoll A dissertation submitted to BI Norwegian School of Management for the degree of Ph.D Series of Dissertations 1/2009 BI Norwegian School of Management Department of Public Governance Mona Kristin Solvoll Televised sport - exploring the structuration of producing change and stability in a public service institution © Mona Kristin Solvoll 2009 Series of Dissertations 1/2009 ISBN: 978 82 7042 944 8 ISSN: 1502-2099 BI Norwegian School of Management N-0442 Oslo Phone: +47 4641 0000 www.bi.no Printing: Nordberg The dissertation may be ordered from our website www.bi.no (Research – Research Publications) ii Acknowledgements Many people have contributed in various ways to this project. I am indebted to my outstanding supervisor Professor Tor Hernes for his very unusual mind. I am grateful to the Norwegian Research Council for the funding of this thesis and to the Department of Public Governance at Norwegian School of Management, BI. Special thanks to the boys at the Centre for Media Economics and to Professor Rolf Høyer who brought me to BI. I would also like to thank the Department of Innovation and Economic Organization that generously welcomed me. Very special thanks to the Department Administrators Ellen A. Jacobsen and Berit Lunke for all their help and bright smiles. I have received valuable inspiration from many “senior” colleagues, in particular professor Tore Bakken and Professor Lars Thue. Special thanks to Professor Nick Sitter, although he supports the wrong team. Thanks also to my proof-reader, Verona Christmas-Best and the members of the committee for their insightful, comments and criticism.
    [Show full text]
  • Nordicom Information 2006(2)
    Förord Den 17:e Nordiska Konferensen för Medie- och Kommunikationsforskning ägde rum i Aalborg, den 11-14 augusti 2005. Värd för konferensen var den danska forskarföreningen Sammenslutningen af Medieforskere i Danmark (SMID) och Institut for Kommunikation vid det Humanistiske Fakultet vid Aalborg Universitet. Drygt 320 forskare från Danmark (66), Finland (22), Island (2), Norge (77) och Sverige (65) samlades för att diskutera pågående forskning och forskningsresultat. I konferensen deltog även forskare från länder utanför Norden, t ex från de baltiska länderna, Tyskland, Österrike, Storbritannien, Etiopien, Kanada och USA. Konferensen innefattade möten i arbetsgrupper, plenarsessioner och en rad sociala och kulturella programpunkter. De nordiska konferenserna är av mycket stort värde för utvecklingen av medie- och kommunikationsforskningen i de enskilda nordiska länderna. Medier og global kultur Sprog og retorik i medierne Mediernes struktur og økonomi Mediernes konstruktion av køn Medialisering af religion og kultur Public relation/planlagt kommunikation Mediehistorie Medieret risiko-, krise- og Filmhistorie krigskommunikation Digital tekst: genre, form og proces TV: Institution, produktion og tekst Digital kultur: nye samværs- og Radio og andre lydmedier kommunikationsformer Politisk kommunikation Medier og etniske minoriteter Journalistikforskning Medie- og kommunikationsteori: forskning Nyhedsformidlingens sosiologi og æstetik og discipliner Mediebrug: perspektiv, metode og teori Intimideringskommunikation Børn, unge og medier Markedskommunikation
    [Show full text]
  • Rolling News As Disruptive Change a Managerial Perspective on TV 2 and VG in Norway
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Göteborgs universitets publikationer - e-publicering och e-arkiv Nordicom Review 33 (2012) 1, pp. 67-81 Rolling News as Disruptive Change A Managerial Perspective on TV 2 and VG in Norway Maria Theresa Konow Lund & Roel Puijk Abstract In the present article, we compare the models that the management in two leading com- mercial Norwegian media organizations, one with a foothold in the written press, Verdens Gang (VG), and one in television, TV 2, have used in dealing with the disruptive change in news caused by the introduction of rolling news. Both started with an experimental internal phase but later used different models to organize their news production. By establishing a spin-off, separate from the printed newspaper, VG retreated from synergies between online and offline productions, but gained by having two organizations dedicated to the processes and values of each medium. Their online services are financed by advertisements alone. The commercially financed television channel, TV 2, used an acquisition model, but encountered problems with integrating the parts. Today, their strategy involves a proliferation of digital TV channels, financed by a combination of advertisements and payment from viewers. Not only their Internet site, but particularly their 24/7 news channel Nyhetskanalen is a central element in the production of continous news. Keywords: convergence, continuous news, disruptive change, management Introduction Market leaders often experience difficulties adjusting to what Christensen and Overdorf (2000) call ‘disruptive change’. Implementing innovative activity in an area that requires not only investments but also changes in competencies, organizational processes and values is often difficult to realize within established organizations.
    [Show full text]
  • Elcon Securities ASA
    Pr Prospectus A-pressen ASA ospectus Public Rights Issue Public issue of 1,602,820 shares with preferential rights for the Company’s shareholders as of 21 October 1998. A-pr Subscription price: NOK 90,– per share. Subscription period opens on 29 October essen ASA and closes on 12 November. Introductory prospectus In connection with listing on the Oslo Stock Exchange Lead manager: Elcon Securities ASA In cooperation with October 21 1998 A-PRESSEN PROSPECTUS Information This prospectus has been prepared in connection with a public share issue and an application for listing of the shares of A-pressen on the Oslo Stock Exchange. "Except for "Notice to Investors" and "Distribution and Solicitation Restrictions" this document is a translation of the original Norwegian prospectus for the rights issue of shares of A-pressen ASA, which is also available from the Manager and the Company. In the event of any discrepancy between the English translation and the Norwegian prospectus, the latter should to all intents and purposes be deemed to be the legally binding version. The right to distribute this prospectus and offer shares is restricted in certain countries. Persons receiving this prospectus must inform themselves regarding such restrictions and are obliged to respect them. For further information please refer to “Notice to Investors” and “Solicitation Restrictions” on the next page. The prospectus has been submitted to the Oslo Stock Exchange for inspection pursuant to Section 5-1, see also Section 5-7 of the (Norwegian) Securities Trading Act of 19 June 1997 No. 79. No persons other than those named in the prospectus are authorised to provide information regarding this prospectus or matters described therein.
    [Show full text]
  • Television, Cognitive Ability, and High School Completion
    IZA DP No. 9645 Television, Cognitive Ability, and High School Completion Øystein Hernæs Simen Markussen Knut Røed January 2016 DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit Institute for the Study of Labor Television, Cognitive Ability, and High School Completion Øystein Hernæs Ragnar Frisch Centre for Economic Research, University of Oslo and European University Institute Simen Markussen Ragnar Frisch Centre for Economic Research Knut Røed Ragnar Frisch Centre for Economic Research and IZA Discussion Paper No. 9645 January 2016 IZA P.O. Box 7240 53072 Bonn Germany Phone: +49-228-3894-0 Fax: +49-228-3894-180 E-mail: [email protected] Any opinions expressed here are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research published in this series may include views on policy, but the institute itself takes no institutional policy positions. The IZA research network is committed to the IZA Guiding Principles of Research Integrity. The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn is a local and virtual international research center and a place of communication between science, politics and business. IZA is an independent nonprofit organization supported by Deutsche Post Foundation. The center is associated with the University of Bonn and offers a stimulating research environment through its international network, workshops and conferences, data service, project support, research visits and doctoral program. IZA engages in (i) original and internationally competitive research in all fields of labor economics, (ii) development of policy concepts, and (iii) dissemination of research results and concepts to the interested public. IZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion.
    [Show full text]
  • European Cinema and Television
    Introduction: Mediated Cultural Encounters in Europe Bondebjerg, Ib; Redvall, Eva Novrup Published in: European Cinema and Television Publication date: 2015 Document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Citation for published version (APA): Bondebjerg, I., & Redvall, E. N. (2015). Introduction: Mediated Cultural Encounters in Europe. In I. Bondebjerg, E. N. Redvall, & A. Higson (Eds.), European Cinema and Television: Cultural Policy and Everyday Life (pp. 1- 22). Palgrave Macmillan. Palgrave European film and media studies Download date: 25. sep.. 2021 Copyrighted material – 978–1–137–35687–1 Selection and editorial matter © Ib Bondebjerg, Eva Novrup Redvall and Andrew Higson 2015 Individual chapters © Respective authors 2015 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identifi ed as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2015 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010.
    [Show full text]
  • JUDGMENT of the COURT 3 October 2014
    JUDGMENT OF THE COURT 3 October 2014 (Action for annulment – Television broadcasting – Article 14 of Directive 2010/13/EU – Measures concerning events of major importance for an EEA State – FIFA World Cup – Freedom to provide services – Right to property – Statement of reasons) In Case E-21/13, The Fédération Internationale de Football Association, represented by Ami Barav, barrister and avocat, Peter Dyrberg, advokat, and Damien Reymond, avocat, applicant, v EFTA Surveillance Authority, represented by Xavier Lewis, Director, and Maria Moustakali, Officer, Department of Legal & Executive Affairs, acting as Agents, defendant, APPLICATION for the partial annulment of EFTA Surveillance Authority Decision No 309/13/COL of 16 July 2013 on the compatibility with EEA law of measures to be taken by Norway pursuant to Article 14 of Directive 2010/13/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 10 March 2010 on the coordination of certain provisions laid down by law, regulation or administrative action in Member States concerning the provision of audiovisual media services (OJ 2010 L 95, p. 1) (“the Directive”), THE COURT, composed of: Per Christiansen (acting President), Páll Hreinsson (Judge- Rapporteur), and Martin Ospelt (ad hoc judge), Registrar: Gunnar Selvik, – 2 – having regard to the written pleadings of the parties and the written observations of the Norwegian Government, represented by Beate Gabrielsen, Adviser, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Magnus Schei, advokat, Office of the Attorney General (Civil Affairs), acting as Agents;
    [Show full text]
  • What Will Be the Future for Local Broadcasting in Norway?1  Ilona Biernacka-Ligięza UNIVERSITY of OPOLE, POLAND UNIVERSITY of OSLO, NORWAY
    What will be the future for Local Broadcasting in Norway?1 Ilona Biernacka-Ligięza UNIVERSITY OF OPOLE, POLAND UNIVERSITY OF OSLO, NORWAY ABSTRACT: In the era of the market-driven media, the digital transition and the ‘new media’ reign we should consider what will be the future of local broadcasting. First of all, we should look at the broadcasting legislation process – especially changes connected with the rules and privileges given to the local and community broadcasters. Second point worth consideration is the case of the tradi- tional local TV and radio stations in Norway. A few questions should be asked, for example: if the local TV/radio fulfi ls the local medium function; which is the dominant function for the local broad- casters; what will be the future of local TV/radio station; if web TV/radio replace traditional ones; what is the local programmes content etc. Th ird point which should be analyzed is the role of local TV and radio in creating local identity and local democracy. We should look at the local communication level from the wide perspective: relation global–local; globalization–glocalization. KEYWORDS: local radio, local TV, new media, broadcasting, WEB TV, Internet, society, glocaliza- tion, globalization INTRODUCTION Local media perform a linking function for displaced audiences in a global land- scape. Consumption of ‘home-based press’ in a foreign context is mainly a ritualistic cultural practice in securing personal identity, familiar formulations of cultural spaces, and communities of origin. Scientifi c research revealed that national me- dia allowed society to (re)produce situated identity marks menaced by globaliza- tion.
    [Show full text]
  • Journalism Journalism
    CULTURAL JOURNALISM CULTURAL In an era when culture itself has become central to political debates, when boundaries between hard news and soft news, facts and opinion are dissolving, cultural journalism contributes to democratic discourse on vital issues of our time. Cultural journalism is furthermore indicative of journalistic autonomy and specialisation within media organisations, and of the intertwined relationship between the cultural and political public spheres. Nordic cultural journalism in Countries in the Nordic the mainstream media covers more subjects today than ever before, from fine arts to gam- ing, media industries, and lifestyle issues. At the same time, it harbours debates and reflec- tion on freedom of expression, ethnicity and national identity. This book contributes to an emerging international research agenda on cultural journalism at a time when digitalisation, convergence and globalisation are influencing the character of journalism in multiple ways. | “Cultural journalism matters, and it matters differently by location. This nuanced and (eds.) & Kristina Riegert Kristensen Nørgaard Nete CULTURAL thoughtful portrayal of cultural journalism in the Nordic countries performs a double elevation CULTURAL of what has been missing for too long from journalism’s discussion: its stylistic and geographic variety. This book offers a strong set of studies that highlight what cultural journalism in the JOURNALISMJOURNALISM Nordic countries forces us to consider about all journalism everywhere.” BARBIE ZELIZER Raymond Williams Professor of Communication, inin thethe NordicNordic CountriesCountries Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania NORDICOM University of Gothenburg Box 713, SE 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden Telephone +46 31 786 00 00 • Fax + 46 31 786 46 55 Nete Nørgaard Kristensen 4 7 E-mail [email protected] & Kristina Riegert (eds.) NORDICOM 5 7 5 www.nordicom.gu.se 9 7 Nørgaard Kristensen, Nete & Riegert, Kristina (2017).
    [Show full text]
  • Rolling News As Disruptive Change a Managerial Perspective on TV 2 and VG in Norway
    Nordicom Review 33 (2012) 1, pp. 67-81 Rolling News as Disruptive Change A Managerial Perspective on TV 2 and VG in Norway Maria Theresa Konow Lund & Roel Puijk Abstract In the present article, we compare the models that the management in two leading com- mercial Norwegian media organizations, one with a foothold in the written press, Verdens Gang (VG), and one in television, TV 2, have used in dealing with the disruptive change in news caused by the introduction of rolling news. Both started with an experimental internal phase but later used different models to organize their news production. By establishing a spin-off, separate from the printed newspaper, VG retreated from synergies between online and offline productions, but gained by having two organizations dedicated to the processes and values of each medium. Their online services are financed by advertisements alone. The commercially financed television channel, TV 2, used an acquisition model, but encountered problems with integrating the parts. Today, their strategy involves a proliferation of digital TV channels, financed by a combination of advertisements and payment from viewers. Not only their Internet site, but particularly their 24/7 news channel Nyhetskanalen is a central element in the production of continous news. Keywords: convergence, continuous news, disruptive change, management Introduction Market leaders often experience difficulties adjusting to what Christensen and Overdorf (2000) call ‘disruptive change’. Implementing innovative activity in an area that requires not only investments but also changes in competencies, organizational processes and values is often difficult to realize within established organizations. For news organiza- tions, the production of rolling news represented a disruptive change.
    [Show full text]
  • Direkte Lykke!
    DIREKTE LYKKE! Direkte Lykke! A Naivist Parody of Old-Time TV Hosted by a Transgressive Woman WENCKE MÜHLEISEN What openings does Norwegian public service tele- tion of femininity emanating out of the gender vision offer for new and different ‘stagings’ or equality discourse. How does this relate to the cur- enunciations of the female programme host? What rent trend whereby the male body has become an makes an attractive woman host, and what makes a object of the female gaze? ‘monstrous’ one – and whose finger is on the trig- Finally, I inquire whether the programme host’s ger? playful and seemingly naive personal style may be This analysis of the youth entertainment series understood as a naivist strategy for exploring the Direkte Lykke!1 is part of a doctoral project which ‘true’ naivity, viz., the unreflected stereotype of focuses on how ‘femaleness’ is staged among pro- femininity. Since both (postmodern) irony and gramme hosts in Norwegian television. The focus naivism are characteristic features of Hærland’s rests on women programme hosts who break with enunciation, I ask which of the components of fe- the conventions of programme hosting and who mininity are retained and gain in emphasis as a re- transcend conventional gender constructions. In sult of the distancing mechanisms. What, in other certain programmes – like Direkte Lykke! – one words, are the limits of the redefining potential of may even speak of what seems to be an explicit parody in this case, and which symbols are most vi- deconstruction of traditional media representations tal to the sign play of femininity? of women.
    [Show full text]
  • Notification by Norway Pursuant to Article 14, Paragraph 2, of Directive 2010/13/EU
    Oslo, 22 April 2013 Notification by Norway pursuant to Article 14, paragraph 2, of Directive 2010/13/EU Contents: Draft amendments to Regulation no. 153 of 28 February 1997 relating to broadcasting, implementing Norwegian measures pursuant to Article 14 of Directive 2010/13/EU Explanatory document Annexes to the explanatory document o I: List of criteria fulfilled by the draft list of events of major importance for Norwegian society o II: Timeline of the consultation process and list of consulted interested parties o III: Audience ratings and market shares for the events on the draft list 1 Draft Amendments to Regulation no. 153 of 28 February 1997 relating to broadcasting pursuant to Section 2-8 of Act no. 127 of 4 December 1992 relating to broadcasting. Section 5-1 "Events of major importance to society" The following events are to be regarded as events of major importance to society: a) The Summer and Winter Olympic Games in full, organised by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) b) The Men's World Football Championships in full, including the qualifying games with Norwegian participation, organised by the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) c) The Men's European Football Championships in full, including qualifying games with Norwegian participation, organised by the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) d) The Women's World Handball Championships in full, organised by the International Handball Federation (IHF) e) The Women's European Handball Championships in full, organised by the European Handball
    [Show full text]