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INFORMATION TO USERS While the most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this manuscript, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. For example: • Manuscript pages may have indistinct print. In such cases, the best available copy has been filmed. • Manuscripts may not always be complete. In such cases, a note will indicate that it is not possible to obtain missing pages. • Copyrighted material may have been removed from the manuscript. In such cases, a note will irdicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, and charts) are photographed by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing ftum left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each oversize page is also fîlmed as one exposure and is available, for an additional charge, as a standard 35 m m slide or as a 17”x 23” black and white photographic print. Most photographs reproduce acceptably on positive microfilm or microfiche but lack the clarity on xerographic copies made from the microfilm. For an additional charge, 3 5 m m slides of 6”x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations that cannot be reproduced satisfactorily by xerography. 8703551 Hall, Jack Charles CONODONTS AND CONODONT BIOSTRATIGRAPHY OF THE MIDDLE ORDOVICIAN IN THE WESTERN OVERTHRUST REGION AND SEQUATCHIE VALLEY OF THE SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS The Ohio State University Ph.D. 1986 University Microfilms I nternâtionâl 300 N.Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 Copyright 1986 by Hall, Jack Charles All Rights Reserved PLEASE NOTE: In all cases this material has been filmed in the best possible way from the avalable copy. Problems encountered with this document have been identified here with a check mark V 1. Glossy photographs or pages ^ 2. Colored illustrations, paper or print______ 3. Photographs with dark background [/ 4. Illustrations are poor copy ______ 5. Pages with black marks, not original copy. 6. Print shows through as there is text on both sides of page. 7. Indistinct, broken or small print on several pages / 8. Print exceeds margin requirements _____ 9. Tightly bound copy with print lost in spine _______ 10. Computer printout pages with indistinct print. 11. Page(s)___________ lacking when material received, and not available from school or author. 12. Page(s)___________ seem to be missing in numbering only as text follows. 13. Two pages numbered . Text follows. 14. Curling and wrinkled pages______ 15. Dissertation contains pages with print at a slant, filmed as received_________ 16. Other______________________________________________________________________ University Microfilms International CONODONTS AND CONODONT BIOSTRATIGRAPHY OF THE MIDDLE ORDOVICIAN IN THE WESTERN OVERTHRUST REGION AND SEQUATCHIE VALLEY OF THE SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Jack Charles Hall, B.S., M.S. ***** The Ohio State University 1986 Reading Committee: Approved By Dr. Stig M. BergstrUm, Chairman Dr. Lawrence A. Krissek -7 —P- Dr. Walter C. Sweet f j I i Dr. Peter N. Webb Adviser Department of Geology and Mineralogy Copyright 0 1986 by Jack Charles Hall. All rights reserved. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my gratitude to Dr. Stig M. BergstrSm, whose suggestions, advice, and encouragement were instrumental in the development of this project. His time, patience, insightful discussions and personal library were invaluable and greatly appreciated. Dr. Walter C. Sweet read the manuscript and provided useful discussion and criticism concerning biostratigraphy and taxonomy. He also made available his library and collections for my use. Drs. Lawrence A. Krissek and Peter N. Webb read the manuscript and provided useful criticism throughout the project. Drs. Carl W. Stock and D. Joe Benson of the University of Alabama graciously assisted me in the field and kindly provided locations of unpublished sections in Alabama and Georgia. I would also like to thank the students, faculty and staff of The Ohio State University Department of Geology and Mineralogy for their contributions to this project. Of special note, Mrs. Regina Brown and Mrs. Marge Tibbetts gave their time and effort in my many library searches. Ms. Karen Tyler provided useful materials and advice on matters of drafting. Mr. Anthony Leonardi assisted me on the scanning electron microscope. Ms. Catherine Morris of the Department of Earth Sciences, University of North Carolina at ii Wilmington was invaluable in the preparation of this manuscript. Mrs. Charles Hall has given me countless lessons throughout my life for which I am grateful. Finally I would like to express my love and gratitude to my wife, Barbara, for her patience, encouragement and support throughout my career. I wish to thank the Friends of Orton Hall Fund, The Chevron Graduate Fieldwork Fund, The Appalachian Basin Industrial Associates, The Arco Research Fund, The Shell Companies Foundation Doctoral Fellowship and The American Association of Petroleum Geologists Grant-In-Aid 582-12-01 for funding this project. iii VITA October 9, 1955.................. Bom, Grand Rapids, Michigan 197 7............................. B.S., Geology, Grand Valley State College, Allendale, Michigan. 1978 ............................. Research Assistant, Department of Geology, The University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. 1978-197 9........................ Teaching Assistant, Department of Geology, The University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. 1979-198 1........................ Lecturer, Department of Earth Sciences, The University of North Carolina-Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina. 1981............................. M.S., Geology, The University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. 1981-1983........................ Graduate Teaching Associate, Department of Geology and Mineralogy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. 1983-198 4 ........................ Shell Companies Foundation Doctoral Fellow, Department of Geology and Mineralogy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. 1984-Presen t..................... Lecturer, Department of Earth Sciences, The University of North Carolina-Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina. IV PUBLICATIONS BYLE, C. S. and HALL, J. C., 1977. A preliminary study of conodonC form species from the Traverse Group (Middle Devonian), northeastern loLer Michigan. (Abst.) Second Annual Student Conference in the Earth Sciences, Michigan Tech. University Press, p. 23. HALL, J. C., 1981. Conodont biostratigraphy at the Devonian Cazenovian-Tioughniogan stadial boundary in central New York State. Geol. Soc. Amer., Abs. with Prog. 15(3):199. DIECCHIO, R. J. and HALL, J. C., 1983. Upper Ordovician to Middle Silurian trace fossil assemblages from Virginia and West Virginia. Geol. Soc. Amer., Abs. with Prog. 15(6):558. HALL, J. C., SCHMIDT, M. A. and BERGSTROM, S. M . , 1984. Conodont biostratigraphy and spatial faunal differentiation in the Middle Ordovician of Alabama and Georgia. Geol. Soc. Amer., Abs. with Prog. 16(3):143. HALL, J. C. and BERGSTROM, S. M., 1985. Middle Ordovician conodont biostratigraphy of the Chickamauga group in the westernmost thrust belts in Tennessee and Virginia and in the Sequatchie Valley, Tennessee. Geol. Soc. Amer., Abs. with Prog. 17(2):94-95. DIECCHIO, R. J., IVERSON, B. M. and HALL, J. C., 1985. Conodont age determination of the lower portion of the Taconian clastic sequence at the Allegheny Front, Pendleton County, West Virginia. Geol. Soc. Amer., Abs. with Prog. 17(2);88. FIELD OF STUDY Major Field: Geology Studies in Paleontology. Dr. Stig M. BergstrSm, Dr. Walter C. Sweet and Dr. Peter N. Webb. Studies in Stratigraphy. Dr. Stig M. BergstrGm and Dr. Walter C. Sweet. Studies in Sedimentary Petrology. Dr. Barrie McKelvey and Dr. James Collinson. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS............................................... il VITA.......................................................... iv TABLE OF CONTENTS............................................. vi LIST OF TABLES................................................ ix LIST OF FIGURES............................................... xi LIST OF PLATES.............................................. xiii Chapters I. INTRODUCTION.......................................... 1 Nature of the Study...................................1 Area of Study........................................ 2 General Geologic Setting..............................2 Method of Study-Sample Locations...................... 6 Field Methods........................................ 6 Laboratory Methods................................... 6 II. LITHOSTRATIGRAPHY..................................... 8 Previous work........................................ 8 Red Mountain, Birmingham, Alabama..................... 12 Tidwell Hollow, Alabama.............................. 18 Gadsden, Alabama.....................................18 Chickamauga, Georgia.................................18 Chattanooga, Tennessee...............................22 Dunlap and Melvine, Sequatchie Valley, Tennessee..... 22 Ten Mile, Tennessee................................. 25 Clinton, Tennessee.................................. 23 Norris Reservoir, Tennessee. ....................... 25 Hagan, Virginia..................................... 25 Terminology used in this report.....................
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    TREMADOC CONODONTS AND TRILOBITES FROM THE CARDONAL FORMATION, INCAMAYO CREEK, SALTA PROVINCE, NORTHWESTERN ARGENTINA RAQUEL 1. RAO and M. FRANCO TO RTELLO Rao, R.I. and Tortell o, M.F. 1998. Tremadoc co nodonts and trilobites from the Ca rdonal Formatio n, lnacamay o Creek, Salta Prov ince , northwestern Argent ina. In: H. Szaniawski (ed. ), Proceedings of the Sixth European Conodont Symposium (ECOS VI). - Palaeon­ tologia Polonica 58. 3 1-45. The co nodont assemblages from the Lower Ordovician Cardonal Formation (NW Argen ­ tina) include Cordylodus angulatus Pander, Cordyl odus interm edius Furni sh, Cordylodus cf. proavus MUlier, Cristodus'l sp.. Drepanodus sp. s.f., Drepanoistodu s sp. n. A, M O/ IO C­ ostodus sevierensis (Miller), Phakelodus elongatus (An), Striatodontu s sp., Teridontus obesus Ji et Barnes, and Utahconus aff. longipinnatus Ji et Barn es. Material is well preserv ed with a Co lor Alteration Index (CA I) of 1.5 to 2. Most of the taxa (ea. 70%) are typ ical of the Midcont inent Realm. Trilobite species include Micragnostus chiushu ensis (Kobayashi), Leptoplastides marianus (Hoek), Brackebuschia acheila Harrin gton et Lean­ za, and a ?Kainellidae indel. The trilobite Kainella meridionalis Zone is correlated with the conodont Cordylodus angulatus Zone (Middle Trem adoc). K ey wo r d s : Conodonta, Tri lobita, biostratigraphy, Trem adoc, Ord ovici an, Salta Prov ­ ince, Arge ntina. Raquel l. Rao, Museo de Paleontologia. Facultad tie Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales. Univers idad Nacional de Cordoba. Av. Vilez Sarsfieltl299, Cordoba (5000), Argentina. M. Franco Tortello, Division Paleonto logia ln vertebrados, Museo tie Ciencias Naturales, Paseo del Basqu e sin, La Plata (1900), Arg entina.