System Collaboration and Information Sharing Using DDS Technology

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System Collaboration and Information Sharing Using DDS Technology UPTEC F 16029 Examensarbete 30 hp Juni 2016 System collaboration and information sharing using DDS technology Emil Eriksson Abstract System collaboration and information sharing using DDS technology Emil Eriksson Teknisk- naturvetenskaplig fakultet UTH-enheten Just as the Internet of Things is set to change how devices are being used and connected in society in general, the Industrial Internet of Things will change the Besöksadress: industries. In an industrial production line there are often many heterogeneous Ångströmlaboratoriet Lägerhyddsvägen 1 devices, and the requirements on the real-time properties of the communication Hus 4, Plan 0 between them are often strict. Creating a communication solution for the different devices, that also meet such requirements, is difficult. The traditional way for Postadress: industrial devices to communicate is directly with each other or via a central point, Box 536 751 21 Uppsala but this communication solution is inflexible and difficult to scale up. Telefon: One possible way to make communication and information sharing between devices 018 – 471 30 03 easier is to use a dedicated middleware to handle the communication. One Telefax: middleware standard is the Data Distribution Service (DDS) defined by the Object 018 – 471 30 00 Management Group. In this thesis a DDS middleware from a specific vendor (vendor name is removed due to company confidentiality) is implemented and evaluated. Hemsida: http://www.teknat.uu.se/student The middleware is evaluated based on (1) an implementation in a prototype which shows how the middleware performs in a real-life industrial context, and (2) a simulation that showcases the potential of the technology. The DDS middleware was shown to function with a specific set of existing industrial hardware and software. The real-time properties of the communication system were studied and found to be around 3.5 times slower, when using the prototype setup, than those of the replaced communication solution. However, the round trip latency was still only 2 ms on average and 4.1 ms maximum when using the preferred settings. The simulation showed that there is potential for the DDS technology to be used in more advanced scenarios and that it should be investigated further. Handledare: Hongyu Pei-Breivold Ämnesgranskare: Thiemo Voigt Examinator: Tomas Nyberg ISSN: 1401-5757, UPTEC F 16029 POPULAR SCIENTIFIC SUMMARY IN SWEDISH Teknikens utveckling med mer datorkraft till lägre pris i mindre format och snabbare överförings- hastigheter har gjort att fler och fler "saker" kopplas ihop och kopplas upp mot internet. Det är detta som kallas Internet of Things (IoT) och det finns många idéer om hur det kan användas. Till exempel skulle en tvättmaskin kunna starta sig själv när elpriset är som lägst, en kyl meddela ägaren på dennes telefon om vilka vanliga ingredienser som saknas, eller blomkrukor skicka data om fukthalt i jorden. Det här har stor potential att ändra apparaters förmågor samt hur de används och industrins intresse för detta ökar. Den industriella delen av IoT kallas Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) och har ett lite annat fokus än IoT. I IIoT är det industriella maskiner som kommunicerar och fokuset är på automation, säker- het och produktionsanalys. Man skulle kunna tänka sig att i framtidens fabriker är alla maskiner och sensorer är ihopkopplade och reagerar snabbt utan interaktion från männsikor på förändringar i pro- duktionen. Dessa maskiner och sensorer skulle också med lätthet meddela övervakande operatörer om status och statistik. För att en sådan vision ska fungera så måste kommunikationen mellan de olika maskinerna vara intelligent och väldefinierad. Det finns flera olika sätt att göra maskin-till-maskin kommunikation. Ett sätt är att ha en central dator, med vilken alla maskiner är ihopkopplade, som agerar mellanhand och styr kommunikationen. Detta kan jämföras med posten; om man vill skicka information (ett brev) så skriver man adressen på kuvertet och lägger det i brevlådan, och så ser posten (mellanhan- den) till att det kommer fram till rätt person. Ett annat sätt är att koppla ihop maskinerna direkt så de kan skicka information mellan varandra. Det är jämförbard med att bo nära den man vill skicka ett brev till och själv lämnar brevet direkt i brevlådan. Ett tredje sätt kallas "publish/subscribe". Där är programmen i maskinerna inte medvetna vilka andra maskiner som sänder och tar emot infor- mation utan det finns en kommunikationsmjukvara i varje maskin som ser till att informationen hamnar rätt. En liknelse skulle kunna vara en nyhetshemsida (kommunikationsmjukvaran) där man anonymt kan lägga upp nyheter (publish) och välja vilka nyheter man vill se (subscribe). Till exempel skulle man kunna välja att man vill ha nyheter om fotboll och därigenom få nyheter från personer utan att man vet vilka de är och utan att de vet att man har fått deras nyhet, men nyheten hamnar likväl rätt tack vare hemsidan. I tidigare industriella sammanhang där maskiner ska kopplas ihop har oftast det första eller andra sättet att kommunicera på använts. Dessa system är ganska lätta att skapa när det är få maskiner som ska kopplas ihop. Om man däremot vill kunna utvidga systemet med fler maskiner av olika sorter blir ett sådant system svårt att skala upp. Det blir svårt för att man måste programmera om maskinerna och se till att de kan kommunicera med varandra även fast det innehåller olika hårdvara och mjukvarulösningar. Om man istället använder en kommunikationsmjukvara som sköter kom- munikationen kan det blir lättare att utvidga systemet och få maskinerna att samarbeta bättre. Det här arbetet har två huvdsakliga mål. Det första är att undersöka och utvärdera hur en mjuk- vara som följer en standard för distribuerad (alltså utspridd) kommunikation, som använder pub- lish/subscribe som sin kommunikationsmodell, kan användas med existerande industriell hårdvara och mjukvara. Det andra målet är att diskutera framtida möjliga tillämpningar av IIoT och visa på att delar av tillämpningarna kan fungera i en simulering. Den första slutsatsen av arbetet är att den specifika kommunikationsmjukvaran som har studer- ats fungerar tillsammans med existerande insdustriell hårdvara och mjukvara, men att den är lite långsammare än den ersatta kommunikationen. Den andra slutsatsen är att simuleringen visar att mjukvaran har potential för mer avancerade tillämpningar och att den borde undersökas vidare. iii ACKNOWLEGEMENTS Many thanks to my collaboration partner Erick Vieyra, my supervisor at ABB Hongyu Pei-Breivold, and the rest of the team at the industrial IoT group at ABB: Larisa Rizvanovic, Marko Lehtola, Saad Azhar, and Kristian Sandström. Thanks are also due to Thiemo Voigt, my subject reader at Uppsala University. Emil Eriksson, June 23, 2016. iv CONTENTS List of Figures vii List of Tables viii Abbreviations ix 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Problem statement and objective . .1 1.2 Method................................................1 1.3 Alternative approaches . .1 1.4 Collaborative work . .2 1.5 Summary of results . .2 1.6 Thesis structure . .2 2 Related work 3 3 Background 4 3.1 The Internet of Things . .4 3.2 Data Distribution Service . .4 3.2.1 Global Data Space . .4 3.2.2 Domain and DomainParticipant . .5 3.2.3 Topic and DDS types . .5 3.2.4 Publish/Subscribe . .6 3.2.5 Publishers and DataWriters . .6 3.2.6 Subscribers and DataReaders . .6 3.2.7 Quality of Service policies . .6 3.3 Real-time systems . .6 3.4 Machine learning . .7 3.4.1 Support vector machine algorithm . .7 3.5 Hardware...............................................8 3.6 Software ...............................................8 3.6.1 Robot Studio . .8 3.6.2 DDS middleware . .8 3.6.3 Robot controller operating system . .9 4 Design and implementation 10 4.1 Prototype design and implementation . 10 4.1.1 Functional requirements . 10 4.1.2 Non-functional requirements . 10 4.1.3 Hardware setup . 10 4.1.4 Software design . 11 4.2 Future scenario simulation design and implementation . 12 4.2.1 Future scenarios . 13 4.2.2 Requirements . 13 4.2.3 Simulation overview . 13 4.2.4 Simulation design and setup . 14 v 5 Evaluation 17 5.1 Prototype performance experiment . 17 5.1.1 Prototype performance experiment setup . 17 5.1.2 Prototype performance measurements . 20 5.1.3 Evaluation of the first prototype . 31 5.2 Future scenario simulation test . 32 5.2.1 Simulation test setup . 32 5.2.2 Simulation measurements . 32 5.2.3 Evaluation of the simulation . 35 6 Conclusions and future work 36 6.1 Conclusions . 36 6.2 Futurework ............................................. 36 References 37 vi LISTOF FIGURES 3.1 Global data space . .5 3.2 Overview of DDS entities . .5 3.3 Cost functions for support vector machines. .7 4.1 Prototype hardware setup . 11 4.2 Prototype software design . 11 4.3 Dimensions of the boxes . 14 4.4 Simulation created in RobotStudio . 15 4.5 Overview of the communication in the future scenario simulation . 15 5.1 Steps in the socket measurement . 17 5.2 Steps in the DDS measurement . 19 5.3 Measurement of the latency (round trip time) for the socket-based communication be- tween two RCs for different sizes of the messages. 20 5.4 Measurements of the latency for messages, of size varying from 1 to 1000 bytes, sent from one RC via DDS-based communication with a reliable QoS to the other RC and back. ................................................. 21 5.5 Comparison of the latency measurements between DDS-based communication and direct socket communication. 22 5.6 Comparison of the latency measurements for DDS-link and internal socket. 23 5.7 Measurement of the latency for the DDS-based communication between two robot controllers for different sizes of the messages and reliable vs unreliable communica- tion................................................... 24 5.8 Measurement values from an experiment with a Listener call. 25 5.9 Measurement values from an experiment with a Listener call, zoomed in.
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