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Schriften Des Historischen Kollegs Schriften des Historischen Kollegs Herausgegeben von der Stiftung Historisches Kolleg Kolloquien 32 R. Oldenbourg Verlag München 1996 Neue Richtungen in der hoch- und spätmittelalterlichen Bibelexegese Herausgegeben von Robert E. Lerner unter Mitarbeit von Elisabeth Müller-Luckner R. Oldenbourg Verlag München 1996 Schriften des Historischen Kollegs im Auftrag der Stiftung Historisches Kolleg im Stifterverband für die Deutsche Wissenschaft herausgegeben von Horst Fuhrmann in Verbindung mit Rudolf Cohen, Arnold Esch, Lothar Gail, Hilmar Kopper, Christian Meier, Horst Niemeyer, Peter Pulzer, Winfried Schulze, Michael Stollcis und Eberhard Weis Geschäftsführung: Georg Kalmer Redaktion: Elisabeth Müller-Luckner Organisationsausschuß: Georg Kalmer, Franz Letzelter, Elisabeth Müller-Luckner, Heinz-Rudi Spiegel Die Stiftung Historisches Kolleg hat sich für den Bereich der historisch orientierten Wissen­ schaften die Förderung von Gelehrten, die sich durch herausragende Leistungen in Forschung und Lehre ausgewiesen haben, zur Aufgabe gesetzt. Sie vergibt zu diesem Zweck jährlich bis zu drei Forschungsstipendien und ein Förderstipendium sowie alle drei Jahre den „Preis des Histo­ rischen Kollegs“. Die Forschungsstipendien, deren Verleihung zugleich eine Auszeichnung für die bisherigen Leistungen darstellt, sollen den berufenen Wissenschaftlern während eines Kol­ legjahres die Möglichkeit bieten, frei von anderen Verpflichtungen eine größere Arbeit abzu­ schließen. Professor Dr. Robert E. Lerner (Evanston, I1I./USA) war - zusammen m it Professor Dr. Klaus Hildebrand (Bonn), Professor Dr. Wolfgang J. Mommsen (Düsseldorf) und Dr. Andreas Schulz (Frankfurt/Main) - Stipendiat des Historischen Kollegs im Kollegjahr 1992/93. Den Ob­ liegenheiten der Stipendiaten gemäß hat Robert E. Lerner aus seinem Arbeitsbereich ein Kollo­ quium zum Thema „Neue Richtungen in der hoch- und spätmittelalterlichen Bibelexegese“ vom 6. bis 9. Juni 1993 im Historischen Kolleg gehalten. Die Ergebnisse des Kolloquiums werden in diesem Band veröffentlicht. Die Stiftung Historisches Kolleg wird vom Stiftungsfonds Deutsche Bank zur Förderung der Wissenschaft in Forschung und Lehre und vom Stifterverband für die Deutsche Wissenschaft getragen. Die Deutsche Bibliothek — ClP-Einhcitstiufnahme Neue Richtungen in der hoch- und spätmittelalterlichen Bibelexegese / hrsg. von Robert E. Lerner unter Mitarb. von Elisabeth Müller-Luckner. - München : Oldenbourg, 1996 (Schriften des Historischen Kollegs : Kolloquien ; 32) ISBN 3-486-56083-2 NE: Lerner, Robert E. [Hrsg.]; Historisches Kolleg (München): Schriften des Historischen Kollegs / Kolloquien © 1996 R. Oldenbourg Verlag G m b H , München Das Werk einschließlich aller Abbildungen ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Jede Verwertung außer­ halb der Grenzen des Urheberrechtsgesetzes ist ohne Zustim m ung des Verlages unzulässig und strafbar. Das gilt insbesondere für Vervielfältigungen, Übersetzungen, Mikroverfilmungen und die Einspeicherung und Bearbeitung in elektronischen Systemen. Gesamtherstellung: R. Oldenbourg Graphische Betriebe GmbH, München ISBN 3-486-56083-2 Inhalt Zur E inführung................................................................................................................ IX Robert E. Lerner Verzeichnis der Tagungsteilnehmer................................................................................ X I I. Das Hochmittelalter - Methodische Voraussetzungen und theologische Probleme.................................................................................................................... 1 Lesley Smith W hat was the Bible in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries?........................ 1 John Van Engen Studying Scripture in the Early University.......................................................... 17 Christel Meier W endepunkt der Allegorie im Mittelalter: Von der Schrifthermeneutik zur Lebenspraktik .......................................................................................................... 39 II. Das 12.Jahrhunde rt................................................................................................ 65 Rainer Bernclt SJ Überlegungen zum Verhältnis von Exegese und Theologie in „De sacra- mentis Christiane fidei“ Hugos von St. V ik to r.................................................... 65 David Luscombe The Bible in the W ork of Peter Abelard and of his „School“ .......................... 79 Gian Luca Potestà „Intelligentia Scripturarum“ und Kritik des Prophetismus bei Joachim von Fiore .......................................................................................................................... 95 III. Das 13.Jahrhundert................................................................................................ 121 Gilbert D ahan L’utilisation de l’exégèse juive dans la lecture des livres prophétiques au X IIIe siècle ................................................................................................................ 121 Sa bin e S ch m olinsky Merkmale der Exegese bei Alexander Minorita ................................................ 139 David Buir Ecclesiastical Condemnation and Exegetical Theory: The Case of Olivi’s Apocalypse Commentary ...................................................................................... 149 V III Inhalt IV. Das Spatmittelalter.................................................................................................. 163 A las I a irj. M inn is Fifteenth-Century Versions of Thomistic Literalism: Girolamo Savonarola and Alfonso de M adrigal........................................................................................ ¡63 Afterw ord.......................................................................................................................... 131 Robert E. Lerner Register 189 Zur Einführung Obwohl jährlich zahlreiche Konferenzen über die verschiedensten mittelalterlichen Themen abgehalten werden, wird der Bereich der mittelalterlichen Exegese nach wie vor sträflich vernachlässigt. Auf den ersten Blick mag dies überraschen. Denn das Bi­ belstudium war für Gelehrte des Mittelalters eine Angelegenheit von zentraler Bedeu­ tung - es war die Königin der Disziplinen. Außerdem wurde die Bibel von einigen der größten bzw. einflußreichsten Denker studiert und kommentiert: von Abaelard, Joa­ chim von Fiore, Bonaventura und Thomas von Aquin. Man sollte denken, daß es im Bereich der mittelalterlichen Geistes- und Religionsgeschichte ein reges Interesse an mittelalterlicher Exegese geben müßte. Doch strenge institutioneile Grenzen zwi­ schen den Fachbereichen erschweren anscheinend bibelexegetische Forschungen nicht unerheblich. Historiker mögen mittelalterliche Exegese bisweilen zu religiös und zu wenig konkret finden. Zwar könnte derjenige, der ein sozialhistorisches Pro­ blem untersucht, „nachschlagen“, was Bernhard oder Bonaventura über eine relevante Bibelstelle zu sagen hatten, aber das hieße nicht, er verstünde, wie Bernhard oder Bo­ naventura ein ganzes biblisches Buch deuteten. Andererseits könnten Religionswis­ senschaftler das Studium der Exegese nicht „religiös“ genug finden. W enn sich je­ mand für die Analyse eines theologischen Problems oder für die Entwicklung einer Lehrmeinung oder für ein Thema innerhalb der Frömmigkeitsforschung interessiert, gibt es direktere Zugänge, Entwicklungslinien zu fassen, als sich durch viele vergilbte Foliobände von Exegese hindurchzuarbeiten. Ich organisierte das Münchner Kolloquium in der festen Überzeugung, daß das Stu­ dium der Bibelexegese unbedingt als Bestandteil des Studiums der mittelalterlichen Kultur angesehen werden muß - das heißt, einer Kulturgeschichte, verstanden als ei­ ner Geschichte des Lesens, Denkens und Kommunizierens. Natürlich ist das keine neue Idee. Im Vorwort zur zweiten Ausgabe ihres herausragenden Buches, „The Study of the Bible in the Middle Ages“ (1952), schlägt Beryl Smalley vor, daß „the history of interpretation can be used as a mirror for social and cultural changes; a book as central to medieval thought as the Bible was, must necessarily have been read and interpreted rather differently by different generations“ (S. XIII-XIV). Smalley verwendet Exegese kühn als Spiegel, um Wandlungen in der Organisation des Lernens und in D enkm u­ stern ausfindig zu machen. Ihre Darstellung hat eine zentrale These, gemäß der die Bi­ bel allmählich aufhört, als „a divine encyclopedia, written in cipher“ (294), behandelt zu werden. Smalley behauptet, „at some tiriie in the thirteenth century commentators stepfped] back .through the looking glass“, out of their world of reflections into every­ day life“ (308). Zugegeben: Sie räumt ein, daß so wenig über die Exegese des 13. Jahr­ hunderts gearbeitet wurde, daß „this part of my book consists of travellers’ tales“, und sie fügt hinzu, daß „a traveller tends to find what he is looking for“ (264). X Robert E. Lerner Weil Stnalleys Buch für das Studium der mittelalterlichen Exegese sicherlich weg­ weisend ist, bat ich die Teilnehmer des Kolloquiums, es als einen Bezugspunkt zu ver­ wenden. (Dies implizierte keine Bedeutungsschmälerung der vierbändigen Untersu­ chung über mittelalterliche Exegese von Henri de Lubac, die den Schwerpunkt auf eine theologische Interpretation legt.) Ferner schrieb ich in meinem Einladungsschrei­ ben, daß die Vorträge darauf abzielen sollten, „die spezifischen Forschungen des Refe­ renten in einen der folgenden größeren Zusammenhänge zu bringen: 1. Fragestellun­ gen, die Beryl Smalley vernachlässigt hat; 2. Bereiche, in denen Beryl Smalleys
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