A Study of Secondary District-Level Literacy Coaches' Beliefs About How to Teach Reading
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Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies 5-2012 A Study of Secondary District-Level Literacy Coaches’ Beliefs about How to Teach Reading Pamela Sharp Crawford Utah State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd Part of the Teacher Education and Professional Development Commons Recommended Citation Crawford, Pamela Sharp, "A Study of Secondary District-Level Literacy Coaches’ Beliefs about How to Teach Reading" (2012). All Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 1175. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1175 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A CASE STUDY OF SECONDARY DISTRICT-LEVEL LITERACY COACHES’ BELIEFS ABOUT HOW TO TEACH READING by Pamela Sharp Crawford A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in Education (Curriculum and Instruction) Approved: Kay Camperell, Ph.D. Cindy D. Jones, Ph.D. Major Professor Committee Member Martha Dever, Ed.D. Sylvia Read, Ph.D. Committee Member Committee Member Judith Holt, Ph.D. Mark R. McLellan, Ph.D. Committee Member Vice President for Research and Dean of the School of Graduate Studies UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY Logan, Utah 2012 ii Copyright © 2012 Pamela Sharp Crawford All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT A Study of Secondary District-Level Literacy Coaches’ Beliefs about How to Teach Reading by Pamela Sharp Crawford, Doctor of Philosophy Utah State University, 2012 Major Professor: Dr. Kay Camperell Department: Teacher Education and Leadership This was a qualitative case study that compared data across six district-level literacy coaches’ epistemological and ontological beliefs about how to teach reading. All six coaches were working as a cohort of literacy coaches on the development and implementation of a secondary reading intervention program for seventh-grade struggling readers. Data were collected over a 6-week period where the coaches responded to questions and vignettes through a think-aloud protocol. The data collection instruments addressed personal, work, and educational experiences that influenced the development of their beliefs about how to teach reading. A survey of their professional library was also taken. The coaches responded to three other instruments and questions to glean epistemological beliefs about knowledge and to address the instructional needs of a struggling reader. There were three major findings. First, the report of the National Reading Panel (NRP) was very influential to the forming or affirming of their beliefs iv about how to teach reading. The findings of the NRP were privileged in instructional decision making by the coaching cohort, while the adolescent literacy research was ignored or marginalized. Second, self-stated instructional choices were made by the literacy coaches based upon three models that reflected their perspective about how to teach reading. These models were: (a) a skills development model that focused on beginning reading skills, (b) a deficiency model that focused on intervention and remediation, and (c) a proficiency model that focused on social-constructivist learning. Third, the literacy coaches’ epistemological and ontological beliefs about how to teach reading to struggling were either flexible (changing) or rigid (unchanging) as reflected by whether they changed their instructional approaches or choices across grade levels or populations. (343 pages) v PUBLIC ABSTRACT A Study of Secondary District-Level Literacy Coaches Beliefs about How to Teach Reading by Pamela Sharp Crawford, Doctor of Philosophy Utah State University, 2012 This case study explored the knowledge and beliefs held by six district-level reading coaches about how to teach reading at the middle-school level. It narrowed in on the possible influence past personal experiences, past academic and work experiences, and the influence of domain specific knowledge (i.e., English, social studies, elementary education, special education, ESL, etc.) might possibly have had upon the development of their knowledge and beliefs about how to teach reading. Finally, the study looked at how these influenced practice and decisions made in their roles as a cohort of district- level literacy coaches involved in developing and implementing a district-wide seventh- grade reading intervention program for struggling readers. The aim of this study was to add to the professional literature concerning literacy coaches functioning specifically at the secondary level. By identifying and describing the personal literacy beliefs held by these six literacy coaches, it is possible to shed light on a phenomenon dealing with how these beliefs develop, how they impact the professional development choices made by these coaches, and how these might be affecting instruction in curriculum development dealing with literacy at the secondary level. Such knowledge about a literacy coach would assist teacher educators in planning effective professional development workshops, especially those involving issues of conceptual change and reform. It would also assist literacy coaches of how to effectively transition their knowledge about how to teach reading across the grade levels. Principals hiring literacy coaches at the secondary level would also be more informed about the diversity inherent in teaching reading and the impact experience and beliefs might have upon a literacy coach’s ability to transition effectively from teaching reading at the elementary level to the secondary level. Data collection protocols involved the taping of common interview questions, a survey and taped interview dealing with of the literacy coach’s professional library, the taping of think-aloud responses to a vignette dealing with a struggling student, and the taping of vi think-aloud responses to two scales to measure epistemological and ontological beliefs and determine worldviews about the nature of knowledge. The cost of the research for this study involved the time spent interviewing six participants, the transcription of the data, and the time it took to write up the findings. The only out-of-pocket expenditures involved the transcription process, which came to about $1,600. The remainder of the work was executed within the confines of the dissertation coursework and process. vii DEDICATION To my beloved aunt, V. Helen Fleming. Her almost daily encouragement and love got me to this point. viii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS My widespread thanks must reach out across the nation to individuals who live from Hawaii to New York. I am humbled by all the friends and relatives, brothers and sisters, and home teachers and visiting teachers who prayed for the successful completion of this dissertation. Thank you. Special thanks must go to the following individuals. First, to my five sons, Ralph, Peter, Robert, Nicholas, and Adam—you have always been my greatest inspiration. Additional thanks are owed to Adam for his excellent work as my transcription assistant. To my daughters-in-law, Sydney, Cari, Sarah, Nicole, and Elyse—thank you for the love and happiness you give my sons and for my beautiful grandchildren. To my parents, Richard and Nellie Sharp—thank you for your encouragement and constant support. To my best friend and fellow pioneer, Sharon Bliss—thank you for being part of my earthly trek. Finally to my beloved husband, Truman Jay Crawford—I simply could not have done this dissertation without having you in my life. You have made all the difference. Finally, to my mentor and friend of 10 years, Dr. Kay Camperell—no single individual did more to give me the opportunity to embark upon this intellectual adventure. It has truly changed my life forever. Thank you, Kay. Thank you all. Pamela Sharp Crawford ix CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................... iii PUBLIC ABSTRACT ................................................................................................... v DEDICATION ............................................................................................................... vii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................................. viii LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................................... xii LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................... ix CHAPTER 1. INRODUCTION .......................................................................................... 1 Statement of the Problem ............................................................................. 3 Purposes and Objectives .............................................................................. 8 2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE ...................................................................... 10 Evolution of the Literacy Coaching Model ................................................. 10 Current Historical and Political Contexts .................................................... 20 Theoretical Frameworks for Study .............................................................. 32 Four Dominant Theoretical Models of Learning ........................................