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8th International Equitation Science Conference Royal (Dick) Veterinary School, Edinburgh 18th - 20th July 2012 Conference proceedings Theme: The Road Ahead Edited by: Dr Hayley Randle Prof. Natalie Waran Jane Williams www.equitationscience.com SHARING THE SAME BELIEFS LEADS TO SUCCESS At the World Dressage Masters Foundation, we strive for growth and innovation in the Dressage Sport. Our challenges are in youth development, internationalization, knowledge sharing, sustainability, animal ethics and athletes’ health. Join us and become a friend. Foundation www.worlddressagemasters.com www.facebook.com/worlddressagemasters 12WDM002_adv_A5.indd 1 22-06-12 15:52 International Society for Equitation Science Presents 8th International Equitation Science Conference 18th - 20th July 2012 Royal (Dick) Veterinary School, Edinburgh The Road Ahead Proceedings edited by: Dr Hayley Randle Prof. Natalie Waran Jane Williams Abstracts Submission System – Oxford Abstracts Proceedings production BSAS & Duchy College Print 1 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned. Nothing from this publication may be translated, reproduced, stored in a computerised system or published in any form or in any manner, including electronic, mechanical, reprographic or photographic, without prior written permission from the publisher. The individual contributions in this publication and any liabilities arising from them remain the responsibility of the authors. Design front and back H. Randle, Duchy College, UK page, picture First published, 2012 Views expressed in all contributions are those of the authors and not those of the ISES or publisher. ISBN: 978-0-906562-72-7 BSAS, PO Box 3, Penicuik Midlothian, EH26 0RZ, UK. 2 WITH THANKS TO OUR ALL SPONSORS 3 CONTENTS Welcome from the local conference organising committee 5 President’s welcome 7 Scientific committee 9 What is ‘science?’ – benefits and limitations 10 Principles of learning theory in equitation 13 Scientific programme 16 Practical day programme & location 37 Biographies of plenary speakers, practical day presenters and 40 session chairs Show-and-tell background information 52 Abstracts 57 The sustainable athlete 59 Rider aspects and inputs 89 Science and measurement 118 The road ahead 155 Authors index 173 Glossary 177 A quick guide to statistics for non scientists 181 ISES USA 2013 184 Satellite meetings 186 ISES Consensus Workshop 186 Equine Behaviour Forum – 10th Symposium 186 Sponsors 187 4 WELCOME TO EDINBURGH FOR THE ISES UK 2012 CONFERENCE On behalf of the ISES UK local organizing committee and the Jeanne Marchig International Centre for Animal Welfare Education here at the Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, welcome to Edinburgh! This is the 8th International equitation science conference, and it marks the 10th anniversary since equitation science first became established as an area of serious international study and collaboration. We are delighted that ISES has returned to Edinburgh University and the vet school, where the first informal gathering of equine scientists, veterinarians and practitioners, took place in October 2004. We are also especially proud to be able to welcome our international colleagues here to the UK during Olympic year. Each year, the Society goes from strength to strength, and last year’s landmark event in the Netherlands made big strides with the ISES and Global Dressage Forum members coming together to observe, discuss and debate current issues in equitation, and to explore how a scientific approach could be incorporated and applied in the real world with the cooperation of practitioners from all disciplines and at all levels. To be honest, the ISES UK local organizing committee did wonder how they could possibly match what proved to be an excellent and highly informative few days. For 2012, we have returned to our academic roots to allow us to review and reflect upon where we are with equitation science and look at ways we can navigate the road ahead. Themed sessions will provide us with excellent presentations drawn from more than 150 submitted abstracts in which we will be provided with the opportunity to consider both rider inputs and measurement, impacts on horse health, welfare and performance and the incorporation of an evidence based approach to riding, training and coaching. Finally we will look forward – to what next 5 for equitation science – in relation to education, further studies and enhancing understanding and uptake amongst all stakeholders who have the potential to influence the welfare of the horse. We are extremely grateful to the University of Edinburgh, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies Dean, Professor David Argyle and the veterinary school staff for all of their support and tolerance over the past 9 months, and colleagues in the UK and internationally who generously gave of their time to advise, review and provide equipment as we prepared for the conference. This conference has been kindly sponsored by a number of wonderful organizations and businesses and we are extremely grateful to them. We are also grateful to our plenary speakers and practical day presenters, session chairs, mini- oral chairs, technical helpers, student helpers, staff in the equine unit at Oatridge college, Scottish National Equine Centre and finally our guest moderator for the practical day – for agreeing to help make this conference a success. We are also indebted to our conference organizers and especially Bridget Hilton and Mike Steele for their hard work behind the scenes. We hope that in addition to enjoying the scientific and social programme including the practical day, you will also take the opportunity to enjoy the many sights of Edinburgh city, to venture into the stunning Scottish countryside and to sample the culinary delights so special to Scotland. You will find that despite the sometimes cooler weather – the warmth of our Scottish hospitality is second to none. Finally we would like to say: Fàilte gu Alba...Welcome to Scotland! Professor Natalie Waran - on behalf of the ISES UK 2012 Local Conference Organising Committee 6 PRESIDENT’S WELCOME Welcome to ISES 2012! After 10 years of equitation science, it is wonderful to return to Edinburgh, the site of one of our most formative meetings – a workshop on the application of learning theory in ridden horses. I am therefore most grateful to Professor David Argyle, Dean of the Royal (Dick) School for Veterinary Studies (RDSVS) and the Associate Deans, Professors Susan Rhind and Brendan Corcoran, for welcoming ISES to the University of Edinburgh and providing us with use of the impressive new veterinary school teaching building. I also wish to thank the staff at the RDSVS for their support during the run-up to the conference and in particular to the staff in the Learning and Teaching Support Unit and those in the vet school’s facilities and safety team. Much has happened in the past ten years and ISES is now taking its rightful place as a leader in evidence-based debates considering ethical and sustainable equitation. Most ISES scientists ride or compete on a regular basis, so we see our discipline as an investment in our passion for horses. We use data to inform our position and practice. Apart from all the science and engagement, ISES also prides itself on being a friendly society and that is why I am especially keen to greet first-time conference attendees. Our membership secretary, Lesley Hawson, has been doing a wonderful job contacting as many of you as possible but please track her down over the next day or so if you have yet to meet her. For some of you this will be your first scientific meeting. Please do not be daunted. We have supplied a glossary of terms (page 173) that often crop up and a quick guide to statistics (page 178) which will help to explain why so many “p-values” are quoted in the ensuing abstracts. If these guides fail to assist you to 7 gain the most from any presentation, ask your neighbour to help identify a Council member who can explain. As a society of eager volunteers, we are developing a corporate understanding of how to deliver the sort of conferences our members want. Every year we see improvements in the delivery of content and the greater inclusion of participants at all levels of training, competition and research. This evolution hinges entirely on feedback from delegates, so please take time to complete a feedback form before the final day. On behalf of the ISES Council, I extend my sincere thanks to Natalie Waran, Hayley Randle and Lisa Ashton, Mike Steele, Brigit Hilton, Frances Reid, Charlie Nevison and Carol Hall and the local organizing committee, including Dr Jo-Anne Murray, Bryony Wagget, Jane Barr, Tudor Jones and Gemma Pearson for bringing together an exciting event. The scientific program reflects the hard work of the Scientific Committee who have again responded to feedback and have re- doubled their efforts to ensure that the pick of the crop is presented. I am most grateful to these reviewers, not least because this year we have had more abstracts submitted than ever. This increase speaks of the growing interest in and maturity of our young discipline. I hope it ensures that you have an enjoyable and edifying conference. Paul McGreevy, Honorary President, ISES 8 SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE Chairs Dr Hayley Randle (Duchy College, UK) Prof Natalie Waran (University of Edinburgh, UK) Lead Advisor Dr Kathalijne Visser (Wageningen University, NL) Members Lisa Ashton (EquiSci, UK) Prof. Hilary Clayton (Michigan State University – McPhail Center, US) Dr Emma Creighton (Newcastle University, UK) Dr Georgina Crossman (BEFRED, UK) Dr Machteld van Dierendonck (Equus Research; Utrecht University, NL) Linda Greening (Hartpury College, UK) Dr Carol Hall (Nottingham Trent University, UK) Dr Elke Hartmann (Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE) Dr Camie Heleski (Michigan State University, US) Dr Jo Hockenhull (University of Bristol, UK) Dr Mark Kennedy (Anglian Ruskin University, UK) Prof.