Disaster Management Cycle
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GIS TOOL FOR CALCULATING REPAIR COST OF BUILDINGS DUE TO EARTHQUAKE EFFECTS (CCRE ‐ CISMID) Miguel Estrada Carlos Zavala Fernando Lazares Jorge Morales Japan –Peru Center for Earthquake Engineering Research and Disaster Mitigation Faculty of Civil Engineering – National University of Engineering –Lima –Peru Disaster Management Cycle Disaster Cycle Pre‐event Event Post‐Event Software Hardware Risk Components Hazard Exposition Earthquakes, People, Properties Landslides, Tsunamis Disaster Risk Vulnerability Susceptibility to natural hazards Risk = Function (Hazard, Exposition, Vulnerability) Risk Components Reduction Hazard Basically without Exposition changes but there is Resettlement of people “Climate Change” and properties Risk Vulnerability disaster Increment of the reduction building resistance Seismic Hazard –Peruvian Seismicity 82° 80° 78° 76° 74° 72° 70° 0° 0° ! ! ! ! Colombia ! ! !! !!! Ecuador ! Seismic Hazard 2° !! 2° ! ! ! !! ! ! 4° ! 4° ! ! !! 6° ! 6° Brazil ! ! ! ! ! 8° ! 8° Peruvian Coast !!! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!! 10° 10° ! !! !! Earthquakes with ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 12° 12° Magnitude > 5 ! ! PERÚ ! ! ! ! !!!! !! !!!!! !!! 1973 ‐ 2010 14° 14° !! OCÉANO PACÍFICO !!! !!! !! ! ! !!!! !!!!!!!! Profundida Focal !!! ! Bolivia 16° ! ! 16° !! Lagos ! ! ! !!!! ! ! ! ! ! < 50 km ! ! ! ! ! ! !!!!! ! !! !! ! ! 50km - 100 km !! ! ! 18° !! ! 18° ! ! !! ! > 100 km ! !! Chile ! 050 100 200 300 400 ! ! ! ! Kilómetros !! ! 20° ! ! 20° 82° 80° 78° 76° 74° 72° 70° Seismic Hazard Recent earthquake with magnitude greater than 7 and that produced tsunami Focusing in Assess the Vulnerability • All these reasons make the necessity to develop a practical tool to identify the vulnerable urban areas due to effects of a big earthquake. This tool is based in three aspects: – Seismicity of the area – Soil conditions – Structural characteristics of the buildings Soil Conditions • To determine the type of soil and its response in case of an earthquake some field survey are conducted: – Borehole exploration, – Shear wave measurements, – Microtremor measurements, – A geotechnical map is developed, and – Acceleration map for an earthquake scenario is developed. Soil Conditions – Acceleration Map Soil Type Description Amp. Factor S1 Rocks 1.0 Acceleration Map S2 Intermediate 1.2 S3 Soft soil 1.4 for and Earthquake Scenario S4 Special case To be determined Structural Characteristics of Buildings High social class Structural Characteristics of Buildings Middle social class Structural Characteristics of Buildings Low social class Structural Characteristics of Buildings Cadastral information Field Value Description 0 Empty 1 Individual House Use 2 Multifamily House 3 Commerce 4 Public buildings (School, Hospital, Police) 0 Empty 1 Adobe or quincha Material 2 Masonry 3 Reinforced concrete 4 Others 0 Empty 1 Good Conservation 2 Regular 3 Bad 4 Very bad Height Number Number of stories Thematic Maps Material Number of Stories 285000 286000 287000 288000 289000 290000 291000 292000 293000 294000 295000 296000 SANTA ANITA SANTA ANITA ATE VITARTE EL AGUSTINO 8666000 ® 8666000 CIENEGUILLA 8665000 8665000 8664000 8664000 8663000 8663000 LA MOLINA 8662000 8662000 SAN BORJA SANTIAGO DE SURCO Material PACHACAMAC 8661000 Mampostería 8661000 Concreto Acero 8660000 No Evaluado 8660000 SAN JUAN DE MIRAFLORES VILLA MARIA DEL TRIUNFO 8659000 8659000 285000 286000 287000 288000 289000 290000 291000 292000 293000 294000 295000 296000 Land Use Structural System 6 Districts in Lima Under Detailed Study 77°10'0"W 77°5'0"W 77°0'0"W 76°55'0"W 76°50'0"W Ancón Santa Rosa • La Molina Carabayllo 11°50'0"S 11°50'0" Puente Piedra • Chorrillos Ventanilla 11°55'0"S 11°55'0" Comas • Villa el Salvador Ü San Juan de Lurigancho Los Oliv os Lurigancho Independencia Chaclacayo 12°0'0"S 12°0'0"S • San Juan de Lurigancho Callao Rimac San Martín de Porres Ate El Agustino Carmen de la Legua Reynoso Santa Anita Lima Bellavista Breña La Punta La Perla La Victor ia Pueblo Libre • Comas San Miguel Jesús María San Luis 12°5'0"S Cieneguilla 12°5'0"S Lince La Molina Magdalena del Mar San Isidro San Borja Surquillo Miraflores Santiago de Surco • Puente Piedra Barranco Distritos San Juan de Miraflores Pachacamac 12°10'0"S 12°10'0" Villa MarÍa del TriunfoProyectoMV Chorrillos MVCyS-BID Distrito Área(km2) Población aproximada en miles Villa el Salvador Chorrillos 38.9 262.6 02.5 5 10 15 20 12°15'0"S 12°15'0" Villa el Salvador 35.5 381.8 Kilómetros Lur in San Juan de Lurigancho 131.3 898.4 Punta Hermosa La Molina 65.8 132.5 77°10'0"W 77°5'0"W 77°0'0"W 76°55'0"W 76°50'0"W Puente Piedra 71.2 233.6 Comas 48.8 487 Aproximatelly: 2.4 millon peoples Adopted seismic Risk Evaluation • Take plaster of walls S/. • Put wire mesh S/. • Put new plasterS/. • Paint S/. __________________ Retrofitting Cost Building Earthquake damage Retroffiting Cost = Function (Structure Type, PGA, Damage level) Urban Inventory Seismic Microzoning Vulnerability Laboratoty Test Adopted seismic Risk Evaluation Building Damage Level Fundamental Period T= 0.07 Np (1+ 0.75. Z. g/981) Sa = Aceleración on Microzone w= 2/T Sd= Sa /w2 e= Sd H =drift i=e x (0.75 R) = FR*i ZUSC X X R i i1 0.75 2 h 2 T USING DAMAGE MATRIX AND PARAMETERS FROM 6 DISTRICT STUDY A RATIO DAMAGE LEVEL AND RETRIFFTING COST WAS DEVELOPED Proyecto CISMID-PGT-BID Distrito Lotes/Mza Area Lo te Prom(m2) Re posición (US$/m2) SAN JU AN DE LURI GANCHO 20 130 275 COMAS 18 160 300 PUENTE PIEDRA 18 160 235 VILLA EL SALVADOR 20 130 400 CHORRILLOS 18 160 950 LA MOLINA 18 250 1300 RATIO DAMAGE AND RETROFIT COST BASE ON SOCIOECONOMICAL LEVEL (Source: APEIN) Structural Characteristics of Buildings Development of Building Damage Curve Damage curve based on the drift of the building The damage curve will depend on the parameters mentioned in the table showed before. Structural Damage of Water Pipes Number of breaks per kilometer for different type of water pipe Data Integration in a GIS Platform Soil Conditions Building Information Water pipe information Analysis Tool Development Analysis Tool Development • Development within the commercial software ArcGIS v10.0 • By programming in Python language • Using Arcpy and Math modules • The program offers flexibility to change building and soil parameters Analysis Tool Application Tacna City – Southern Peru Buildings Soils Water pipes Analysis Tool Application Tacna City – Southern Peru Conclusions • An automatic tool to evaluate the building and water pipe damage has been developed. • To carry out the damage assessment procedure geotechnical, cadastral and pipe information is necessary. However, the building information could be in different area sizes: Lot, Block or Zone, depending the quantity or quality of the data. • The tools can be applied to cities with similar building, pipe and soil conditions similar to Lima city. • To obtain empirical relationships between acceleration and level of damage, it has processed a wide variety of cases, so the application is well calibrated for this type of buildings and soils. • Regarding the analysis for water pipe some additional curves may be develop, to cover the variety of pipe materials and diameters, but this tools can give a good figure about the possible damage in case an severe earthquake. • Statistical information can be obtained from the final thematic maps and can be used to make prevention and mitigation plans. Group 4 and 5 Conclusions • Group 4 – Inventory map for Lima City and Tacna City based on Satellite Imagery and Census Data will continue to developing – To improve the inventory data Peruvian Counterpart will contact to Municipalities to get cadastral data. – For building high LIDAR may be used, for this purpose Peruvian counterpart will request the quotation to a private company. – Sharing PRISM satellite data with INDECI and CONIDA will be carried out to analyse DSM. – Future activities: • Complete the building inventory for Lima and Tacna • Join effort with Group 1 and 3 to develop damage assessment maps • Developing damage detection techniques • Installation of permanent GPS monitoring system at CISMID • Setup of several GPS monitoring point and conduct the correspond measurement • Group 5 – New Peruvian Government planning issues for Pisco Recovery was discussed. – Japanese Urban Planners will study the future land use of Pisco and will provide some recommendations – Master plan map of Pisco will be share and feedback will discussed by Peruvian and Japanese specialists. – Propose a way to increase the peoples sensitivity related to Disaster Management Issues. Group 4 and 5 Conclusions Master Plan for Pisco 2011 ‐ 2021.