GIS TOOL FOR CALCULATING REPAIR COST OF BUILDINGS DUE TO EARTHQUAKE EFFECTS (CCRE ‐ CISMID)

Miguel Estrada Carlos Zavala Fernando Lazares Jorge Morales

Japan – Center for Earthquake Engineering Research and Disaster Mitigation Faculty of Civil Engineering – National University of Engineering – –Peru

Disaster Management Cycle

Disaster Cycle

Pre‐event Event Post‐Event

Software

Hardware Risk Components

Hazard Exposition Earthquakes, People, Properties Landslides, Tsunamis Disaster Risk

Vulnerability Susceptibility to natural hazards

Risk = Function (Hazard, Exposition, Vulnerability)

Risk Components Reduction Hazard Basically without Exposition changes but there is Resettlement of people “Climate Change” and properties

Risk Vulnerability disaster Increment of the reduction building resistance Seismic Hazard –Peruvian Seismicity

82° 80° 78° 76° 74° 72° 70°

0° 0° ! ! ! ! Colombia ! ! !! !!! Ecuador ! Seismic Hazard 2° !! 2° ! ! ! !! ! ! 4° ! 4°

! ! !! 6° ! 6° Brazil ! ! ! !

! 8° ! 8° Peruvian Coast !!! ! ! !

! ! ! !!! 10° 10° ! !! !! Earthquakes with ! ! ! ! ! ! !

12° 12° Magnitude > 5 ! ! PERÚ ! ! ! ! !!!! !! !!!!! !!! 1973 ‐ 2010 14° 14° !! OCÉANO PACÍFICO !!! !!! !! ! ! !!!! !!!!!!!! Profundida Focal !!! ! Bolivia 16° ! ! 16° !! Lagos ! ! ! !!!! ! ! ! ! ! < 50 km ! ! ! ! ! ! !!!!! ! !! !! ! ! 50km - 100 km !! ! ! 18° !! ! 18° ! ! !! ! > 100 km ! !!

Chile ! 050 100 200 300 400 ! ! ! ! Kilómetros !! ! 20° ! ! 20°

82° 80° 78° 76° 74° 72° 70° Seismic Hazard

Recent earthquake with magnitude greater than 7 and that produced tsunami

Focusing in Assess the Vulnerability

• All these reasons make the necessity to develop a practical tool to identify the vulnerable urban areas due to effects of a big earthquake. This tool is based in three aspects: – Seismicity of the area – Soil conditions – Structural characteristics of the buildings Soil Conditions

• To determine the type of soil and its response in case of an earthquake some field survey are conducted: – Borehole exploration, – Shear wave measurements, – Microtremor measurements, – A geotechnical map is developed, and – Acceleration map for an earthquake scenario is developed.

Soil Conditions – Acceleration Map

Soil Type Description Amp. Factor S1 Rocks 1.0 Acceleration Map S2 Intermediate 1.2 S3 Soft soil 1.4 for and Earthquake Scenario S4 Special case To be determined Structural Characteristics of Buildings

High social class

Structural Characteristics of Buildings

Middle social class Structural Characteristics of Buildings

Low social class

Structural Characteristics of Buildings Cadastral information

Field Value Description 0 Empty 1 Individual House Use 2 Multifamily House 3 Commerce 4 Public buildings (School, Hospital, Police) 0 Empty 1 Adobe or quincha Material 2 Masonry 3 Reinforced concrete 4 Others 0 Empty 1 Good Conservation 2 Regular 3 Bad 4 Very bad

Height Number Number of stories Thematic Maps

Material Number of Stories 285000 286000 287000 288000 289000 290000 291000 292000 293000 294000 295000 296000 SANTA ANITA SANTA ANITA ATE VITARTE

EL AGUSTINO 8666000 ® 8666000 8665000 8665000 8664000 8664000 8663000 8663000

LA MOLINA 8662000 8662000

SAN BORJA

SANTIAGO DE SURCO Material PACHACAMAC

8661000 Mampostería 8661000 Concreto Acero

8660000 No Evaluado 8660000

SAN JUAN DE MIRAFLORES VILLA MARIA DEL TRIUNFO 8659000 8659000 285000 286000 287000 288000 289000 290000 291000 292000 293000 294000 295000 296000 Land Use Structural System

6 Districts in Lima Under Detailed Study

77°10'0"W 77°5'0"W 77°0'0"W 76°55'0"W 76°50'0"W

Ancón

Santa Rosa • La Molina Carabayllo 11°50'0"S 11°50'0"

Puente Piedra • Chorrillos Ventanilla

11°55'0"S 11°55'0"

Comas • Ü Los Oliv os Lurigancho

Independencia 12°0'0"S 12°0'0"S

• San Juan de Lurigancho Rimac San Martín de Porres Ate Carmen de la Legua Reynoso Santa Anita Lima Bellavista Breña La Punta La Perla La Victor ia Pueblo Libre • Comas San Miguel Jesús María San Luis 12°5'0"S Cieneguilla 12°5'0"S Lince La Molina Magdalena del Mar San Isidro San Borja

Surquillo

Miraflores

• Puente Piedra Barranco Distritos Pachacamac 12°10'0"S 12°10'0" Villa MarÍa del TriunfoProyectoMV

Chorrillos MVCyS-BID

Distrito Área(km2) Población aproximada en miles Villa el Salvador Chorrillos 38.9 262.6 02.5 5 10 15 20 12°15'0"S 12°15'0" Villa el Salvador 35.5 381.8 Kilómetros Lur in San Juan de Lurigancho 131.3 898.4 La Molina 65.8 132.5 77°10'0"W 77°5'0"W 77°0'0"W 76°55'0"W 76°50'0"W Puente Piedra 71.2 233.6 Comas 48.8 487 Aproximatelly: 2.4 millon peoples Adopted seismic Risk Evaluation

• Take plaster of walls S/. • Put wire mesh S/. • Put new plasterS/. • Paint S/. ______Retrofitting Cost Building Earthquake damage

Retroffiting Cost = Function (Structure Type, PGA, Damage level)

Urban Inventory Seismic Microzoning Vulnerability Laboratoty Test

Adopted seismic Risk Evaluation

Building Damage Level

Fundamental Period T= 0.07 Np (1+ 0.75. Z. g/981)

Sa = Aceleración on Microzone

w= 2/T Sd= Sa /w2

e= Sd H =drift

i=e x (0.75 R)

= FR*i  ZUSC   X  X  R    i i1    0.75  2  h  2        T   USING DAMAGE MATRIX AND PARAMETERS FROM 6 DISTRICT STUDY A RATIO DAMAGE LEVEL AND RETRIFFTING COST WAS DEVELOPED Proyecto CISMID-PGT-BID Distrito Lotes/Mza Area Lo te Prom(m2) Re posición (US$/m2) SAN JU AN DE LURI GANCHO 20 130 275 COMAS 18 160 300 PUENTE PIEDRA 18 160 235 VILLA EL SALVADOR 20 130 400 CHORRILLOS 18 160 950 LA MOLINA 18 250 1300

RATIO DAMAGE AND RETROFIT COST BASE ON SOCIOECONOMICAL LEVEL

(Source: APEIN) Structural Characteristics of Buildings Development of Building Damage Curve

Damage curve based on the drift of the building

The damage curve will depend on the parameters mentioned in the table showed before.

Structural Damage of Water Pipes

Number of breaks per kilometer for different type of water pipe Data Integration in a GIS Platform

Soil Conditions Building Information Water pipe information

Analysis Tool Development Analysis Tool Development

• Development within the commercial software ArcGIS v10.0 • By programming in Python language • Using Arcpy and Math modules • The program offers flexibility to change building and soil parameters

Analysis Tool Application

Tacna City – Southern Peru Buildings

Soils

Water pipes Analysis Tool Application

Tacna City – Southern Peru

Conclusions

• An automatic tool to evaluate the building and water pipe damage has been developed. • To carry out the damage assessment procedure geotechnical, cadastral and pipe information is necessary. However, the building information could be in different area sizes: Lot, Block or Zone, depending the quantity or quality of the data. • The tools can be applied to cities with similar building, pipe and soil conditions similar to Lima city. • To obtain empirical relationships between acceleration and level of damage, it has processed a wide variety of cases, so the application is well calibrated for this type of buildings and soils. • Regarding the analysis for water pipe some additional curves may be develop, to cover the variety of pipe materials and diameters, but this tools can give a good figure about the possible damage in case an severe earthquake. • Statistical information can be obtained from the final thematic maps and can be used to make prevention and mitigation plans. Group 4 and 5 Conclusions • Group 4 – Inventory map for Lima City and Tacna City based on Satellite Imagery and Census Data will continue to developing – To improve the inventory data Peruvian Counterpart will contact to Municipalities to get cadastral data. – For building high LIDAR may be used, for this purpose Peruvian counterpart will request the quotation to a private company. – Sharing PRISM satellite data with INDECI and CONIDA will be carried out to analyse DSM. – Future activities: • Complete the building inventory for Lima and Tacna • Join effort with Group 1 and 3 to develop damage assessment maps • Developing damage detection techniques • Installation of permanent GPS monitoring system at CISMID • Setup of several GPS monitoring point and conduct the correspond measurement • Group 5 – New Peruvian Government planning issues for Pisco Recovery was discussed. – Japanese Urban Planners will study the future land use of Pisco and will provide some recommendations – Master plan map of Pisco will be share and feedback will discussed by Peruvian and Japanese specialists. – Propose a way to increase the peoples sensitivity related to Disaster Management Issues.

Group 4 and 5 Conclusions Master Plan for Pisco 2011 ‐ 2021