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Here Some Are Treated As Full Species and Others Are Included with Different Species

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Here Some Are Treated As Full Species and Others Are Included with Different Species Introduction I have endeavored to keep typos, errors etc in this list to a minimum, however when you find more I would be grateful if you could mail the details during 2011 to: [email protected]. Grateful thanks to Chris Batty and Dick Coombes for the cover images. Joe Hobbs Index The general order of species follows the International Ornithological Congress’ World Bird List. A number of differences occur with regard to the treatment of subspecies within the genus Larus where some are treated as full species and others are included with different species. Cover Main image: American Herring Gull. Dingle, Co. Kerry, Ireland. 8 April 2004. Chris Batty. Vignette: Ivory Gull. Baltimore, Co. Cork, Ireland. 4 March 2009. Richard H. Coombes. Version Version 2.3 (1 August 2011). Species Page No. American Herring Gull [Larus smithsonianus] 50 Andean Gull [Chroicocephalus serranus] 13 Armenian Gull [Larus armenicus] 58 Audouin's Gull [Ichthyaetus audouinii] 25 Belcher's Gull [Larus belcheri] 30 Black-billed Gull [Chroicocephalus bulleri] 12 Black-headed Gull [Chroicocephalus ridibundus] 14 Black-legged Kittiwake [Rissa tridactyla] 5 Black-tailed Gull [Larus crassirostris] 31 Bonaparte's Gull [Chroicocephalus philadelphia] 11 Brown-headed Gull [Chroicocephalus brunnicephalus] 13 Brown-hooded Gull [Chroicocephalus maculipennis] 13 California Gull [Larus californicus] 35 Caspian Gull [Larus cachinnans] 52 Common Gull [Larus canus] 31 Dolphin Gull [Leucophaeus scoresbii] 21 Franklin's Gull [Leucophaeus pipixcan] 23 Glaucous Gull [Larus hyperboreus] 41 Glaucous-winged Gull [Larus glaucescens] 39 Great Black-backed Gull [Larus marinus] 36 Great Black-headed Gull [Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus] 28 Grey Gull [Leucophaeus modestus] 24 Grey-headed Gull [Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus] 16 Hartlaub's Gull [Chroicocephalus hartlaubii] 17 Heermann's Gull [Larus heermanni] 31 Herring Gull [Larus argentatus] 46 1 Heuglin's Gull [Larus heuglini] 64 Iceland Gull [Larus glaucoides] 43 Ivory Gull [Pagophila eburnea] 8 Kelp Gull [Larus dominicanus] 37 Laughing Gull [Leucophaeus atricilla] 21 Lava Gull [Leucophaeus fuliginosus] 21 Lesser Black-backed Gull [Larus fuscus] 60 Little Gull [Hydrocoloeus minutus] 18 Mediterranean Gull [Ichthyaetus melanocephalus] 27 Olrog's Gull [Larus atlanticus] 30 Pacific Gull [Larus pacificus] 30 Red-billed Gull [Chroicocephalus scopulinus] 12 Red-legged Kittiwake [Rissa brevirostris] 7 Relict Gull [Ichthyaetus relictus] 24 Ring-billed Gull [Larus delawarensis] 34 Ross's Gull [Rhodostethia rosea] 19 Sabine's Gull [Xema sabini] 9 Saunder's Gull [Saundersilarus saundersi] 17 Short-billed Gull [Larus brachyrhynchus] 34 Silver Gull [Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae] 12 Slaty-backed Gull [Larus schistisagus] 59 Slender-billed Gull [Chroicocephalus genei] 10 Sooty Gull [Ichthyaetus hemprichii] 30 Swallow-tailed Gull [Creagrus furcatus] 5 Thayer's Gull [Larus thayeri] 45 Vega Gull [Larus vegae] 51 Western Gull [Larus occidentalis] 40 White-eyed Gull [Ichthyaetus leucophthalmus] 29 Yellow-footed Gull [Larus livens] 41 Yellow-legged Gull [Larus michahellis] 54 2 Relevant Publications Baker, K. 1993. Identification Guide to European Non-Passerines. BTO Guide 24. British Trust for Ornithology, Tring. Barnard, C.J. & Thompson, D.B.A. 1985. Gulls and Plovers: the ecology and behaviour of mixed- species feeding groups. Croom Helm. Blomdahl, A. et al 2003. Flight Identification of European Seabirds. Christopher Helm, A & C Black, London. Cramp, S. & Simmons, K.E.L. (eds.) 1985. Handbook of the Birds of Europe, the Middle East and North Africa: the Birds of the Western Palearctic, Volume 3, Waders to Gulls. Oxford University Press. del Hoyo, J. et al (eds.) 1996. Handbook of the Birds of the World Volume 3, Hoatzin to Auks. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. Enticott, J. & Tipling, D. 1997. Photographic Handbook of the Seabirds of the World. New Holland. Grant, P.J. 1986. Gulls: a guide to identification (2nd edition). T. & A.D. Poyser. Haley, D. 1984. Seabirds of eastern North Pacific and Arctic waters. Pacific Search Press. Harrison, P. 1983. Seabirds: an identification guide. Croom Helm. Harrison, P. 1985. Seabirds: an identification guide revised edition. Croom Helm. Harrison, P. 1987. Seabirds of the World, A Photographic Guide. Christopher Helm. Higgins, P.J. & Davies, S.J.J.F. (eds.) 1996. Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic birds. Volume 3: Snipe to Pigeons. Melbourne: Oxford University Press. Howell, S.N.G. & Dunn, J.L. 2007. Gulls of the Americas. Peterson Reference Series, Houghton Mifflin Company, New York. Kaufman, K. 1990. A Field Guide to Advanced Birding. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. Olsen, K.M. & Larsson, H. 2004. Gulls of Europe, Asia and North America. Christopher Helm, A & C Black, London. Schreiber, E.A. & Burger, J. 2002. Biology of Marine Birds. CRC Press. Shirihai, H. & Jarrett, B. 2002. A Complete Guide to Antarctic Wildlife, The Birds and Marine Mammals of the Antarctic Continent and Southern Ocean. Alula Press Oy, Finland. Shirihai, H. et al 1996. The Macmillan Birder’s Guide to European and Middle Eastern Birds. Macmillan Press, London and Basingstoke. Snow, D.W. & Perrins, C.M. (eds.). 1998. The Birds of the Western Palearctic Concise Edition Volume 1, Non-Passerines. Oxford University Press. Tuck, G.S. & Heinzel, H. 1978. A Field Guide to the Seabirds of Britain and the World. Collins. van Duivendijk, N. 2010. Advanced Bird ID Guide, The Western Palearctic. New Holland. Vinicombe, K. et al. 1989. The Macmillan Field Guide to Bird Identification. Macmillan Press, London and Basingstoke. Reviews Archer, P. 1986. Reviews (Seabirds: an identification guide. By Peter Harrison. Revised edition, 1985). British Birds 79(5): 268. Bruun, J. 2003. Reviews (Hadoram Shirihai and Brett Jarrett 2002: A Complete Guide to Antarctic Wildlife). Alula 9(2): 75-76. Fisher, D. 1989. Reviews (The Macmillan Field Guide to Bird Identification. By Alan Harris, Laurel Tucker and Keith Vinicombe, 1989). British Birds 82(9): 421. Garner, M. 2003. 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Arvostelua - Reviews (The Macmillan Birder’s Guide to European and Middle Eastern Birds. Harris, A., Shirihai, H. & Christie, D. 1996). Alula 2(4): 183-184. 3 Reid, K. 2003. Reviews (A Complete Guide to Antarctic Wildlife, The Birds and Marine Mammals of the Antarctic Continent and Southern Ocean by Hadoram Shirihai, 2002). British Birds 96(3): 151-152. Richards, B. 2003. Reviews (Flight Identification of European Seabirds by Anders Blomdahl, Bertil Breife and Niklas Holmström). Birding World 16(7): 308. Simmons, K.E.L. 1986. Reviews (Gulls and Plovers: the ecology and behaviour of mixed-species feeding groups. By C.J. Barnard and D.B.A. Thompson, 1985). British Birds 79(2): 100-101. Small, B. 2005. Reviews (Gulls of Europe, Asia and North America by Klaus Malling Olsen and Hans Larsson, 2003). British Birds 98(5): 270-271. Topp, A. 1999. Reveiws (Photographic Handbook of the Seabirds of the World: Jim Enticott and David Tipling, 1997). Alula 5(2): 77-78. Topp, A. 2003. Reviews (Flight Identification of European Seabirds. Blomdahl, A., Breife, B. and Holmström, N. 2003). Alula 9(3): 116-117. General Notes Ballance, D.K. 2004. Birdwatching from cargo ships. British Birds 97(1): 16-26. Banks, A.N. et al 2009. Indexing winter gull numbers in Great Britain using data from the 1953 to 2004 Winter Gull Roost Surveys. Bird Study 56(1): 103-119. Banks, R.C. et al 2008. Forty-ninth supplement to the American Ornithologists’ Union Check-list of North American Birds. The Auk 125(3): 758-768. Blokpoel H. 1992. Population-dynamics of Lari in relation to food resources - general introduction. Ardea 80(1): 1-2. British Ornithologists’ Union 2008. British Ornithologists’ Union Records Committee: 36th Report (November 2007). Ibis 150: 218-220. Bourne, W.R.P. 1996. The larger white-headed gulls wintering around the southern coasts of Asia. Sea Swallow 45: 86-91. Bourne, W.R.P. 1998. Problems with the reclassification of the petrels and gulls. Scientific American 47: 57-60. Cane, W.P. 1994. Ontogenetic evidence for relationships within the Laridae. The Auk 111: 873-880. Christian, P.D. et al 1992. Biochemical systematics of the Charadriiformes (shorebirds): relationships between Charadrii, Scolopaci and Lari. Australian Journal of Zoology 40: 291-302. Chu, P.C. 1998. A phylogeny of the Gulls (Aves: Larinae) inferred from osteological and integumentary characters. Cladistics 14: 1-43. Clarke, T. 1999. Autumn 1998 on the Azores. Birding World 12(5): 205-212 (211). Cooper, J. Potential impacts of marine fisheries on migratory waterbirds of the Afrotropical Region: a study in progress. In: Boere, G.C. et al (eds.) 2006. Waterbirds Around the World pp. 760-764. The Stationery Office, Edinburgh, U.K. Coulson, J.C. et al 1983. The use of head and bill length to sex live gulls. Ibis 125: 549-557. Crochet, P-A. & Desmarais, E. 2000. Slow rate of evolution in the mitochondrial control region of gulls (Aves: Laridae). Molecular Biology and Evolution 17: 1797-1806. Crochet, P-A. et al 2000. Molecular phylogeny and plumage evolution in gulls (Larini). Journal of Evolutionary Biology 13: 47-57. Crochet, P-A.
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