DOCSLIB.ORG

Development of Garcinia Atroviridis (Asam Gelugur) During Fruit Growth

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Development of Garcinia Atroviridis (Asam Gelugur) During Fruit Growth Journal of Advanced Research in Materials Science 73, Issue 1 (2020) 12-20 Journal of Advanced Research in Materials Science Journal homepage: www.akademiabaru.com/arms.html ISSN: 2289-7992 Development of Garcinia Atroviridis (Asam Gelugur) during Open Access Fruit Growth O. Nur Allisha1,*, O. Zaulia1, M. A. I. Mohd Shukri2, M. N. Suriani1, G. Nur Syafini2, M. N. Azhar2, R. Khdijah2, A. R. Razali2, R. Mohd Azhar1, M. Nur Izzati2, A. Siti Nur Raihan2, M. Razali2, I. Salma1, A. Khadijah1, G. Mohd Nor Faizal3 1 Industrial Crop Research Centre, Persiaran MARDI-UPM Headquaters, 43000 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 2 Horticulture Research Center, Persiaran MARDI-UPM Headquaters, 43000 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 3 Biodiversity and Environment Research Center, Persiaran MARDI-UPM Headquaters, 43000 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia ABSTRACT Asam gelugur (Garcinia atroviridis Griff ex. T. Anderson) in Malaysia normally used as dried fruit for ingredients in the food. Dried G. atroviridis also used for medicinal and health benefits food. Recently, G. atroviridis become more popular when RandD found that this fruit has high hydroxy acetic acid (HCA) (to reduce cholesterol and fat, slimming agent), high antioxidant content, anti- bacteria, anti-tumour, manage high blood pressure etc. This fruit was processed as health benefit foods and also as supplement and healthy drink. This traditional plant also proven can be planted on a commercial scale and give promising income to entrepreneurs. Therefore, a study on this plant also given priority. Study on different maturity stages is important to understand the development of fruit and to determine suitable harvesting stage as a guideline for harvesting and processing. Therefore, this study were carried out by tagging the fruit from flowering until the fruit set, matured and ripen stage. From the observation, fruit at age 85 days after flowering seem started matured and they were picked at every 5 days and analysed until day 125 when fruit were overripe and drop from tree. Fruit were analysed on physical (visual appearance, firmness, lightness, chroma, hue) and chemical (pH, total titratable acidity (TTA), ascorbic acid, soluble solid content (SSC) changes. Result showed that SSC of G. atroviridis were range from 6.13 – 7.73. SSC of G. atroviridis maintain during development and significantly increased after 120 days. Acidity (TTA) of G. atroviridis were very high (3.83 – 4.60 mg/100g). TTA significantly low at day 90 and 120 after fruit set, compare to other stages. Ascorbic acid content of G. atroviridis is considered low (0.77 – 1.35 mg/100g). pH of G. atroviridis is very low at 2.41 -2.60. This considered too low compared to other fruits. pH and ascorbic acid of G. atroviridis is fluctuated during the development of fruit from 85 to 125 day after flowering. Skin lightness increased significantly from day 85 to 100, maintain until day 110 and significantly decreased until day 125. Flesh lightness maintain during fruit development. Skin chroma maintain from day 85 to day 105, significantly increased after day 105 to 110, maintain until day 115 and significantly decreased thereafter. Flesh chroma remain un-change during fruit development from day 85 to day 120, but slightly increased from day 120 to until day 125. Skin hue maintain from day 85 to day 95, significantly decreased after day 100 to 110, significantly increased until day 115 and maintain thereafter. Flesh hue remain un-change during fruit development from day 85 to day 125. Firmness of G. atroviridis maintain during development, 19.35 – 23.25 N, but significantly higher at 125 days after flowering, 25.32 N. Keywords: Chemical, physical, visual, flowering, visual appearance Copyright © 2020 PENERBIT AKADEMIA BARU - All rights reserved Received: 15 August 2020 Revised: 3 October 2020 Accepted: 5 October 2020 Published: 31 October 2020 * Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] https://doi.org/10.37934/arms.73.1.1220 12 Journal of Advanced Research in Materials Science Volume 73, Issue 1 (2020) 12-20 1. Introduction The dried rind of G. atroviridis has been used for centuries throughout this part of the world as a food preservative, flavouring agent and carminative [17]. Recently, demand for more studies for G. atroviridis has increase for health or food purposes. Postharvest physiology stage of "matured" in commodity when it reached an adequate stage of development that after harvesting and postharvest handling, its quality will be no least than a minimum acceptable quality to consumer" [4,16]. The studies on information of development of maturity gives the techniques to measure maturity and matured fruit at preferred eating quality for consumer. As a fruit ripens, acidity declines and usually are sweeter, but not for fruit like G. atroviridis. It gives certain volatile compounds its characteristic aroma [10,18]. Knowledge of maturity will help our ability to see ripening process, leading to improved procedures for the production and post-harvest handling of fruits [16]. G. atroviridis is categorize as seasonal fruit as flowering occur after raining season entering dry season in March-April and ended in July. G. atroviridis is a non-climacteric fruit as it ripen while attached to the tree. None climacteric fruits does not link to ethylene production during ripening however other hormone such as auxin and abscisic acid (ABA) thus the alteration of chlorophyll, anthocyanin and carotenoid. Hormones play important roles in both climacteric and non-climacteric fruits [2]. The cell wall modification and degradation enzymes during ripening seems to be responsible for excessive tissue softening of a number of fruits [3]. Pectins major components of primary cell wall and middle lamella, contributing to the firmness and quality of G. atroviridis. Ripen G. atroviridis does not alter it's flavour much to eatable palette due to high acidity taste although sweeter in Brix reading compared to unripen ones. G. atroviridis has inner core around its seed which turned into orange colour and the cell turgor lessor and cell wall structure has become softer. These changes in colour, flavour, firmness, and aroma make fruit ripening a complex process, which must be very tightly regulated. A study based on biochemical analysis were conducted to read the different stages of maturity during fruit development of G. atroviridis. Samples obtained from female tree in Taman Botani, Putrajaya were tagged since budding, blooming and becoming fruit. The evaluation comprises of biochemical analysis (SSC, pH, total titratable acidity and ascorbic acid content), physical analysis (visual appearance, firmness, fruit size, colour) and antioxidant properties. 2. Materials and Methods 2.1 Tagging Buds of Flowers Buds of flower were tagged when it started to appear. This stage buds were marked using plant tagging paper and carbon pencil. Date and name of individual buds flower is recorded in log book by week for width and length. Process end until the buds become a matured fruit (breaker stage when fruit start to yellowing) and ready to harvest. 2.2 Measurement of Fruit Development Measurement using venire calliper MITUYO were carried out from fruit set until ripen. Setting began from 0.00 for width of buds opening (red colour) and width of fruit. From the record, week and size of fruit were gathered for average and stages were identified. 13 Journal of Advanced Research in Materials Science Volume 73, Issue 1 (2020) 12-20 2.3 Postharvest Quality Assessment From the observation, fruit at age 85 days after flowering seem started to matured and they were picked at every 5 days and analysed until day 125, when fruit were over ripe and drop from tree. Fruits were harvested, transported to packinghouse, sorting, washing, drip dried and analysed. Quality observation and analysis were carried out on physiology (appearance, disease, freshness, colour, firmness), chemical (pH, SSC, TTA, ascorbic acid content) and physical (firmness, colour (L, hue, chroma). The quality of G. atroviridis fruits was judged visually and the characteristics of fruit such as colour, freshness and diseases were evaluated. The L, hue, chroma values were measured with a Chromameter (CR-300 Minolta, Japan). Soluble solids concentration (SSC) were determined with a digital refractometer (Atago, CO., LTD, Japan and Model DBX-55). The pH values were measured using a pH meter (Hanna Instruments pH 211 Inc. RI-USA, Microprocessor pH Meter). The total titratable acidity (TTA) was determined by titrating 20 ml of extraction with 0.1 mol l-1NaOH to pH 8.1. Ascorbic acid was determined by extraction of 10 gm of sample with added 100 ml 3% of metaphosphoric acid. Then, 5 ml of extraction was titrating immediately with standard dye solution to first permanent pink endpoint. Hue and chroma are measured by a* and b* coordinates a* and b* and correspond to basic tint of colour and the saturation or vividness of colour. The location of colour on a rectangular-coordinate grid perpendicular to the L* axis. The colour at the grid origin (a*=0, b*= 0) is achromatic (gray). On the horizontal axis, positive a* indicates a hue of red purple and negative a* of bluish-green. On vertical axis, positive b* indicates yellow and negative b* blue. Hue is tan-1 (b*/a*) [11].. Chroma formulae for calculation derived from a* and b* [9]; C* ab = (a*2 + b*2 ) ½ (1) The skin and flesh firmness of G. atroviridis was measured using texture meter TA.XTplus Stable Micro System with 2 mm probe attachment. Load cell of full scale ranges from 5 – 50 kg. A maximum load of 5 kg was used for penetration of the flesh and 20 kg load was used for penetration through the skin. The drive speed to determine the yield force used were 100 mm/min. The results of texture measurement were reported in using N and N*area. All data were analysed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SAS from Statistical Analysis.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Wild Edible Fruits Generate Substantial Income for Local People of the Gunung Leuser National Park, Aceh Tamiang Region
    Wild edible fruits generate substantial income for local people of the Gunung Leuser National Park, Aceh Tamiang Region Adi Bejo Suwardi, Zidni Ilman Navia, Tisna Harmawan, Syamsuardi, Erizal Mukhtar Research income. These findings confirm the assumption that WEFs are important for the generation of household income. Abstract Conclusion: This study demonstrates the importance Background: Gunung Leuser National Park offers a of WEFs to local communities in Aceh Tamiang, variety of wild edible fruit species (WEFs) with food, Indonesia, particularly rural communities living near nutrition, medicine, and economic value to the local Gunung Palung National Park. WEFs play an people. In recent times, these WEFs have been important role in rural livelihoods by ensuring food, threatened by over-exploitation, land-use changes, medicine, and sustained income. Policies and and biodiversity loss. This study aims to investigate legislation involving stakeholders are required to the diversity of WEFs and their contribution to ensure the cultivation, management, sustainable household income for communities living around the use, and promotion of WEFs in order to encourage National Park. the economic growth of the rural community in the Aceh Tamiang region. Methods: The study was conducted in three sub- districts adjacent to Gunung Leuser National Park. The plant materials were randomly collected from Correspondence three sub-districts, while local knowledge was gathered through a structured survey and in-depth Adi Bejo Suwardi1*, Zidni Ilman Navia2, Tisna interviews. The informant sample comprised 450 Harmawan3, Syamsuardi4, Erizal Mukhtar4 people, 150 from each of the three sub-districts. 1Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Results: A total of 54 wild edible fruit plants belonging Teacher Training and Education, Samudra to 41 genera and 27 families were recorded in the University, Langsa, Aceh, 24416, Indonesia study area.
    [Show full text]
  • The Methanolic Extract of Garcinia Atroviridis (Mega) Reduces Body Weight and Food Intake, and Improves Lipid Profiles by Altering the Lipid Metabolism: a Rat Model
    Turkish Journal of Biology Turk J Biol (2020) 44: 437-448 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/biology/ © TÜBİTAK Research Article doi:10.3906/biy-2005-2 The methanolic extract of Garcinia atroviridis (MeGa) reduces body weight and food intake, and improves lipid profiles by altering the lipid metabolism: a rat model 1 1 1,2 1,2 Wai Feng LIM , Suriati Mohd NASIR , Lay Kek TEH , Richard Johari JAMES , 3 1, Mohd Hafidz Mohd IZHAR , Mohd Zaki SALLEH * 1 Integrative Pharmacogenomic Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia 2 Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia 3 Comparative Medicine and Technology Unit, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia Received: 01.05.2020 Accepted/Published Online: 08.07.2020 Final Version: 14.12.2020 Abstract: Garcinia species are widely used for their slimming effects via increased fat burning and suppression of satiety. However, scientific evidence for the biological effects of Garcinia atroviridis (GA) is lacking. We investigated the phytochemical composition, safety profiles, and antioxidant and antiobesity effects of methanolic extracts of Garcinia atroviridis (MeGa) in obese female rats. Repeated dose toxicity studies were conducted according to the OECD guidelines. Upon sacrifice, haematological, biochemical, lipid profile, and serum-based metabolomics analyses were performed to evaluate metabolic expression changes and their related pathways. MeGa contains several phytochemical groups and GA fruit acids. MeGa was found to be nontoxic in both male and female rats with an oral lethal dose (LD50) of 2000 mg/kg. After 9 weeks of treatment, MeGa-treated obese rats had lower weight gain and better lipid profiles (cholesterol and triglyceride), which correlated with the altered metabolic pathways involved in the metabolism of lipid (glycerophospholipid) and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acid.
    [Show full text]
  • Systematics and Floral Evolution in the Plant Genus Garcinia (Clusiaceae) Patrick Wayne Sweeney University of Missouri-St
    University of Missouri, St. Louis IRL @ UMSL Dissertations UMSL Graduate Works 7-30-2008 Systematics and Floral Evolution in the Plant Genus Garcinia (Clusiaceae) Patrick Wayne Sweeney University of Missouri-St. Louis Follow this and additional works at: https://irl.umsl.edu/dissertation Part of the Biology Commons Recommended Citation Sweeney, Patrick Wayne, "Systematics and Floral Evolution in the Plant Genus Garcinia (Clusiaceae)" (2008). Dissertations. 539. https://irl.umsl.edu/dissertation/539 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the UMSL Graduate Works at IRL @ UMSL. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of IRL @ UMSL. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SYSTEMATICS AND FLORAL EVOLUTION IN THE PLANT GENUS GARCINIA (CLUSIACEAE) by PATRICK WAYNE SWEENEY M.S. Botany, University of Georgia, 1999 B.S. Biology, Georgia Southern University, 1994 A DISSERTATION Submitted to the Graduate School of the UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI- ST. LOUIS In partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in BIOLOGY with an emphasis in Plant Systematics November, 2007 Advisory Committee Elizabeth A. Kellogg, Ph.D. Peter F. Stevens, Ph.D. P. Mick Richardson, Ph.D. Barbara A. Schaal, Ph.D. © Copyright 2007 by Patrick Wayne Sweeney All Rights Reserved Sweeney, Patrick, 2007, UMSL, p. 2 Dissertation Abstract The pantropical genus Garcinia (Clusiaceae), a group comprised of more than 250 species of dioecious trees and shrubs, is a common component of lowland tropical forests and is best known by the highly prized fruit of mangosteen (G. mangostana L.). The genus exhibits as extreme a diversity of floral form as is found anywhere in angiosperms and there are many unresolved taxonomic issues surrounding the genus.
    [Show full text]
  • Scholars Research Library Studies on Morphology and Ethnobotany of Six
    Available online a t www.scholarsresearchlibrary.com Scholars Research Library J. Nat. Prod. Plant Resour ., 2012, 2 (3):389-396 (http://scholarsresearchlibrary.com/archive.html) ISSN : 2231 – 3184 CODEN (USA): JNPPB7 Studies on morphology and ethnobotany of Six species of Garcinia L. (Clusiaceae) found in the Brahmaputra Valley, Assam, India S. Baruah* and S. K. Borthakur Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India ______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT The Brahmaputra valley is a tropical region of Assam lying in between 25 044 /N-28 0N latitude and 89 041 /E-96 002 /E longitude. The Brahmaputra valley is surrounded by hilly region except the west. In the north situated country Bhutan and state Arunachal Pradesh; in east state Arunachal Pradesh; in south Nagaland, Karbi Anglong autonomous hill district of Assam and state Meghalaya, west is bounded by state west Bengal. Total length of the valley is 722 Km and average width is 80 Km. The valley is endowed with rich biodiversity and natural resources. Members of the genus Garcinia L. known for their edible fruits, and medicinal properties. Garcinia L. commonly known as “Thekera” by Assamese people and have rich traditional uses in this region. The present paper is an attempt to evaluate comparative morphological characters and ethnobotany of six species of GarciniaL. sporadically distributed in Brahmaputra valley. Key words : Garcinia, Morphology, Ethnobotany, Brahmaputra valley, Assam ______________________________________________________________________________ INTRODUCTION The Brahmaputra valley is a tropical region of Assam lying in between 25 044 /N-28 0N latitude and 89 041 /E-96 002 /E longitude. The Brahmaputra valley is surrounded by hilly region except the west.
    [Show full text]
  • Authentication of Garcinia Fruits and Food Supplements Using DNA Barcoding and NMR Spectroscopy
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Authentication of Garcinia fruits and food supplements using DNA barcoding and NMR spectroscopy Received: 19 January 2018 Gopalakrishnan Saroja Seethapathy 1,2,3, Margey Tadesse1, Santhosh Kumar J. Urumarudappa 4, Accepted: 26 June 2018 Srikanth V. Gunaga5, Ramesh Vasudeva5, Karl Egil Malterud1, Ramanan Uma Shaanker2,4, Published: xx xx xxxx Hugo J. de Boer3, Gudasalamani Ravikanth 2 & Helle Wangensteen1 Garcinia L. (Clusiaceae) fruits are a rich source of (−)-hydroxycitric acid, and this has gained considerable attention as an anti-obesity agent and a popular weight loss food supplement. In this study, we assessed adulteration of morphologically similar samples of Garcinia using DNA barcoding, and used NMR to quantify the content of (−)-hydroxycitric acid and (−)-hydroxycitric acid lactone in raw herbal drugs and Garcinia food supplements. DNA barcoding revealed that mostly G. gummi-gutta (previously known as G. cambogia) and G. indica were traded in Indian herbal markets, and there was no adulteration. The content of (−)-hydroxycitric acid and (−)-hydroxycitric acid lactone in the two species varied from 1.7% to 16.3%, and 3.5% to 20.7% respectively. Analysis of ten Garcinia food supplements revealed a large variation in the content of (−)-hydroxycitric acid, from 29 mg (4.6%) to 289 mg (50.6%) content per capsule or tablet. Only one product contained quantifable amounts of (−)-hydroxycitric acid lactone. Furthermore the study demonstrates that DNA barcoding and NMR could be efectively used as a regulatory tool to authenticate Garcinia fruit rinds and food supplements. Globalization in the trade of herbal products and an expanding commodity market have resulted in widespread consumption of medicinal plants as drugs, cosmetics and food supplements, both in developing and developed countries1,2.
    [Show full text]
  • Action Plan for the Control of the Oriental Fruit Fly
    Action Plan for the control of the Oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) © J.H. Venter Compiled by: Aruna Manrakhan (Citrus Research International), Jan-Hendrik Venter (National Plant Protection Organisation of South Africa) and Vaughan Hattingh (Citrus Research International) Action Plan for the control of the Oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) Compiled by: Aruna Manrakhan (Citrus Research International), Jan-Hendrik Venter (National Plant Protection Organisation of South Africa) and Vaughan Hattingh (Citrus Research International) 1 2018 Published by Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Private Bag X250 PRETORIA 0001 South Africa 2 Table of contents 1. GENERAL INFORMATION......................................................................................................................................... 5 a. Action statement ......................................................................................................................................................... 5 b. Background information ................................................................................................................................................. 5 (i) Origin & distribution ................................................................................................................................................. 5 (ii) Host range ................................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • THE EFFECTS of Garcinia Atroviridis (ASAM GELUGUR) EXTRACTS on BODY COMPOSITION in RELATION to WEIGHT MANAGEMENT: a SCOPING REVIEW
    THE EFFECTS OF Garcinia atroviridis (ASAM GELUGUR) EXTRACTS ON BODY COMPOSITION IN RELATION TO WEIGHT MANAGEMENT: A SCOPING REVIEW AMIRA HANINAH MISRI DEPARTMENT OF NUTRITION SCIENCES, KULLIYYAH OF ALLIED HEALTH SCIENCES, INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA, JALAN SULTAN AHMAD SHAH, BANDAR INDERA MAHKOTA, 25200 KUANTAN, PAHANG. [email protected] NOR AZWANI MOHD SHUKRI, PhD (CORRESPONDING AUTHOR) DEPARTMENT OF NUTRITION SCIENCES, KULLIYYAH OF ALLIED HEALTH SCIENCES, INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA, JALAN SULTAN AHMAD SHAH, BANDAR INDERA MAHKOTA, 25200 KUANTAN, PAHANG. [email protected] ABSTRACT Introduction: In developed countries, the extract of G. atroviridis (or locally known as asam gelugor) has been widely used as supplement for weight loss. Despite being found in abundance and used every day for food preparation, the awareness about the plant’s anti-obesity effect is still low in Malaysia. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to identify the potential role of Garcinia atroviridis (or locally known as asam gelugur) in weight management by studying its effect on body composition (body mass index and waist circumference). The current study also intended to explore the functional dosage of G. atroviridis extracts required to alter body composition status. This study focused on two extracts of this fruit: hydroxycitric acid (HCA) and flavonoids. Methods: A scoping review was conducted to analyze the data found in five databases using these keywords: garcinia extract OR garcinia atroviridis OR garcinia Hydroxycitric acid OR HCA OR flavonoids AND body composition OR body mass index OR body weight OR waist circumference AND weight loss OR weight maintenance OR weight management OR weight OR anti-obesity NOT garcinia cambogia.
    [Show full text]
  • Systematics and Floral Evolution in the Plant Genus Garcinia (Clusiaceae)
    University of Missouri, St. Louis IRL @ UMSL Dissertations UMSL Graduate Works 7-30-2008 Systematics and Floral Evolution in the Plant Genus Garcinia (Clusiaceae) Patrick Wayne Sweeney University of Missouri-St. Louis Follow this and additional works at: https://irl.umsl.edu/dissertation Part of the Biology Commons Recommended Citation Sweeney, Patrick Wayne, "Systematics and Floral Evolution in the Plant Genus Garcinia (Clusiaceae)" (2008). Dissertations. 539. https://irl.umsl.edu/dissertation/539 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the UMSL Graduate Works at IRL @ UMSL. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of IRL @ UMSL. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SYSTEMATICS AND FLORAL EVOLUTION IN THE PLANT GENUS GARCINIA (CLUSIACEAE) by PATRICK WAYNE SWEENEY M.S. Botany, University of Georgia, 1999 B.S. Biology, Georgia Southern University, 1994 A DISSERTATION Submitted to the Graduate School of the UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI- ST. LOUIS In partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in BIOLOGY with an emphasis in Plant Systematics November, 2007 Advisory Committee Elizabeth A. Kellogg, Ph.D. Peter F. Stevens, Ph.D. P. Mick Richardson, Ph.D. Barbara A. Schaal, Ph.D. © Copyright 2007 by Patrick Wayne Sweeney All Rights Reserved Sweeney, Patrick, 2007, UMSL, p. 2 Dissertation Abstract The pantropical genus Garcinia (Clusiaceae), a group comprised of more than 250 species of dioecious trees and shrubs, is a common component of lowland tropical forests and is best known by the highly prized fruit of mangosteen (G. mangostana L.). The genus exhibits as extreme a diversity of floral form as is found anywhere in angiosperms and there are many unresolved taxonomic issues surrounding the genus.
    [Show full text]
  • An Examination of the Antimicrobial and Anticancer Properties of Garcinia Cambogia Fruit Pericarp Extracts
    BEMS Reports. 2016; 2(2): 55-63. A Multifaceted Peer Reviewed Journal in the field of Biology, Medicine, Engineering and Science Original Article www.bemsreports.org | www.phcog.net An examination of the antimicrobial and anticancer properties of Garcinia cambogia fruit pericarp extracts C. Hart1, I. E. Cock1,2* ABSTRACT Background: Garcinia cambogia (synonym Garcinia gummi-gutta) is commonly known as brindleberry and Malabar tamarind. It has received considerable recent interest due to its potential in the prevention and treatment of obesity and obesity related diseases. The fruit pericarp also has traditional uses in the treatment of a wide variety of diseases and medical conditions, yet these have received relatively little investigation to date. Methods: Garcinia cambogia fruit extracts were investigated for their ability to inhibit the growth of a panel of bacteria of medicinal importance. The extracts were also tested for their ability to block the proliferation of the CaCo2 and HeLa human carcinoma cell lines. Results: Garcinia cambogia methanolic, aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts displayed broad spectrum antimicrobial ac- tivity, inhibiting the growth of between 16 (64 %; ethyl acetate extract) and 22 (88 % aque- ous extract) of the 25 bacterial species tested. Strong inhibitory activity was detected with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values <1000 µg/ml against many bacteria. All ex- tracts were effective against both Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria, although Gram negative bacteria were more sensitive. All extracts displayed anti-proliferative activity against CaCo2 and HeLa carcinoma cells, yet were non-toxic in the Artemia franciscana bioassay, with LC50 values greatly in excess of 1000 µg/ml.
    [Show full text]
  • 117 Systematic Study of Selected Genus Garcinia L
    International Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and Plantation, Vol. 10 (Sept) ISSN 2462-1757 2 0 20 SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF SELECTED GENUS GARCINIA L. BASED ON VEGETATIVE MORPHOLOGY Azuan Bin Amron Agrobiodiversity & Environment Research Centre MARDI Headquarter, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia Email: [email protected] Maya Izar Binti Khaidizar Agrobiodiversity & Environment Research Centre MARDI Headquarter, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia Email: [email protected], Zulhairil Bin Ariffin Agrobiodiversity & Environment Research Centre MARDI Headquarter, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia Email: [email protected], Rosliza Binti Jajuli Agrobiodiversity & Environment Research Centre MARDI Headquarter, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia Email: [email protected], Mohd Saifuddin Bin Ismail Agrobiodiversity & Environment Research Centre MARDI Headquarter, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia Email: [email protected], ABSTRACT Garcinia has been described as a Guttiferae family which also known as Clusiaceae. A few different classification methods have been elaborated for Garcinia species. These approaches however are not really practical in field identification because of inconvenience of transportation and usage of necessary scientific instruments to and from the field. The objective of this study was to carry out comprehensive systematic survey of Garcinia species using vegetative morphological characters. Variabilities among 30 accessions from 12 selected species of Garcinia vegetative were studied using standard unweighted pair group method using averages (UPGMA). Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to analysed the diversity and to identify the optimum number of morphological traits which explain a high proportion of variability. Accessions similarity analyses were performed based on 23 vegetative morphological characters. The results suggest that the sampled accessions fall into five groups. Group 1 consist of 16 accessions which are from species G.
    [Show full text]
  • Garcinia Atroviridis) Tea As a Source of Antioxidant Compounds on Malondialdehyde Levels in Adults with Obesity
    American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS) ISSN (Print) 2313-4410, ISSN (Online) 2313-4402 © Global Society of Scientific Research and Researchers http://asrjetsjournal.org/ Benefits of Asam Gelugur (Garcinia atroviridis) Tea as a Source of Antioxidant Compounds on Malondialdehyde Levels in Adults with Obesity Christina J. R. E. Lumbantobinga*, Sumaryati Syukur b, Eti Yerizelc, Endang d Purwati aDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Methodist Indonesia, Medan 20132, Indonesia bLaboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science, University of Andalas, Padang 25613, Indonesia cLaboratory of Biomedic, Faculty of Medicine, University of Andalas, Padang 25613, Indonesia dLaboratory of Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, University of Andalas, Padang 25613, Indonesia aEmail: [email protected] bEmail: [email protected] Abstract Garcinia atroviridis is one of the well-known plant grown in Indonesia that contains antioxidant compounds. Ingestion of G.atroviridis tea is expected to protect from oxidative stress. The aim of the this study was to evaluate the antioxidative benefit of G.atroviridis leaf tea on malondialdehyde levels of obese adults. This research recruited fifteen obese adults. All of the subjects were given G.atroviridis tea for a month. As a result, current study obtained statistically nonsignificant differences of post-test malondialdehyde levels compared with pre-test levels among all subjects. It can be concluded that G.atroviridis tea taken once daily for 30 days was not sufficient to decrease MDA levels significantly. Although anthropometric measures decreased significantly, the subjects were still in the criteria of obesity. In addition, the lifestyle factors that increases MDA should be avoided.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of Antioxidant, Anti-Tyrosinase and Antibacterial
    Ethnobotanical Leaflets 14: 781-96. 2010. S.K. Wong1, Y.Y. Lim1 and E.W.C. Chan2* 1School of Science, Monash University Sunway Campus, Bandar Sunway, 46150 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia 2Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, UCSI Heights, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Corresponding Author: Email: [email protected] Issued: June 22, 2010 Abstract Leaves and flowers of selected Hibiscus species, used in traditional medicine, were evaluated for antioxidant, antityrosinase and antibacterial activities. Information on these species is meagre and this study would contribute new and additional knowledge on the bioactivities of the genus. Antioxidant properties (AOP) of six species assessed were total phenolic content (TPC), total anthocyanin content (TAC), ascorbic acid equivalent antioxidant capacity (AEAC), ferric reducing power (FRP), ferrous ion chelating (FIC) ability and lipid peroxidation inhibition (LPI) activity. Antityrosinase and antibacterial activities of four species were assessed using the modified dopachrome and disc diffusion methods, respectively. Leaves and flowers of Hibiscus tiliaceus showed outstanding AOP. Leaves of species with high TPC and AEAC had low FIC ability and vice versa. Red flowers which yielded the highest TAC also displayed high FIC ability and LPI activity. Leaves of H. tiliaceus had the strongest antityrosinase (AT) activity. With very strong AOP and AT activity, leaves of H. tiliaceus have potentials to be developed into functional food and skin care products. At 1 mg extract/disc, leaves of Hibiscus sabdariffa were found to inhibit Gram-positive bacteria of Bacillus cereus, Micrococcus luteus and Staphylococcus aureus. At 2 mg extract/disc, leaves of H. sabdariffa inhibited both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella choleraesuis.
    [Show full text]