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Magistrsko Delo UNIVERZA V MARIBORU FILOZOFSKA FAKULTETA ODDELEK ZA ZGODOVINO MAGISTRSKO DELO TADEJ ŠERUGA Maribor, 2015 UNIVERZA V MARIBORU FILOZOFSKA FAKULTETA ODDELEK ZA ZGODOVINO Magistrsko delo SLOVENSKI IZSELJENCI V ELYJU, MINNESOTA NA PODLAGI SLOVENSKEGA AMERIŠKEGA ČASOPISJA MED LETOMA 1891 IN 1939 Master's thesis SLOVENE EMIGRANTS IN ELY, MINNESOTA AS SEEN BY THE SLOVENE - AMERICAN ETHNIC PRESS, 1891–1939 Mentor: Kandidat: red. prof. dr. Matjaţ Klemenčič Tadej Šeruga Maribor, 2015 Prevajalec: Denis Furek, uni. dipl. prev. in tolm. za ang. in nem. jezik Lektorica: Cvetka Rezar, prof. slov. in teol. ZAHVALA Zahvaljujem se mentorju red. prof. dr. Matjaţu Klemenčiču za potrpeţljivost, vsestransko pomoč in nasvete pri nastajanju magistrske naloge. Posebej se zahvaljujem druţini in prijateljem, ki so mi v času študija in med nastajanjem magistrske naloge na kakršen koli način pomagali, me podpirali in verjeli vame. Koroška cesta 160 2000 Maribor, Slovenija IZJAVA Podpisani TADEJ ŠERUGA, rojen 24. 4. 1990, študent Filozofske fakultete Univerze v Mariboru, študijskega programa 2. stopnje ZGODOVINA (ENOPR. NEPED.), izjavljam, da je magistrsko delo z naslovom SLOVENSKI IZSELJENCI V ELYJU, MINNESOTA NA PODLAGI SLOVENSKEGA AMERIŠKEGA ČASOPISJA MED LETOMA 1891 IN 1939 pri mentorju red. prof. dr. MATJAŢU KLEMENČIČU avtorsko delo. V magistrskem delu so uporabljeni viri in literatura korektno navedeni; teksti niso prepisani brez navedbe avtorjev. ________________________ (podpis študenta) Maribor, 27. 10. 2015 POVZETEK Magistrska naloga prikazuje ţivljenje slovenskih izseljencev v Elyju, majhnem mestu v severovzhodni Minnesoti, v obdobju od leta 1891 do leta 1939. Razvoj mesta Ely je zaznamovalo rudarstvo, ki je bilo v obravnavanem obdobju v njem glavna gospodarska panoga. Imelo je velik vpliv na ţivljenje, delovanje in organiziranost tamkajšnjih Slovencev, ki so bili večinoma rudarji, nekateri pa tudi lastniki številnih malih podjetij. Naloga je napisana na podlagi slovenskega ameriškega časopisja (Amerikanski Slovenec, Nova doba, Prosveta), arhivskih virov in literature. Obsega krajši pregled zgodovine slovenskega izseljevanja in zgodovine Minnesote. V osrednjem delu naloge je splošen zgodovinski pregled mesta Ely, ki mu sledi opis rudarstva, delavskih razmer, turizma in drugih gospodarskih dejavnosti. Sledi pregled političnega ţivljenja Slovencev v Elyju. V nadaljevanju je obravnavano versko ţivljenje s krajšim pregledom dela slovenskih misijonarjev v Minnesoti. Pri tem je predstavljeno ţivljenje in delo misijonarja Joţefa Frančiška Buha, podan pa je tudi pregled zgodovine Ţupnije sv. Antona v Elyju. Na koncu so opisana društva v sklopu bratskih podpornih organizacij in društveno ţivljenje. Ključne besede: slovenski izseljenci, Ely, Minnesota, Zdruţene drţave Amerike, slovenski misijonarji, Joţef Frančišek Buh, Jugoslovanska katoliška jednota ABSTRACT The master’s thesis presents the lives of Slovene immigrants in Ely, a small city in the north eastern Minnesota from 1891 till 1939. The development of the city of Ely was marked by mining, which was the main source of income of its inhabitants in the observed period. It had a significant impact on the lives, activities and organisation of the Slovene Americans in the city. They were mostly mine workers, some of them owned various small companies. The master’s thesis is based on the Slovene-American ethnic press (Amerikanski Slovenec, Nova doba, Prosveta), archival sources and literature. The master’s thesis is divided into six chapters. The first presents an overview of the history of Slovene immigration and the overview of the history of Minnesota. The main chapter of the master’s thesis describes the general overview of the history of Ely, followed by the description of mining, working conditions, tourism and other economic activities. The next chapter presents the political life of Slovenes in Ely, followed by the religious life. This part contains a short overview of the work of Slovene missionaries in Minnesota and the life and work of the missionary Joţef Frančišek Buh. Also shown is the overview of the history of the St. Anthony’s Parish in Ely. The final chapter presents the description of Slovene fraternal organisations and the overview of the social life of Slovenes in Ely. Keywords: Slovene immigrants, Ely, Minnesota, United States of America, Slovene missionaries, Joţef Frančišek Buh, Yugoslav Catholic Union KAZALO 1 UVOD .............................................................................................................. 1 1.1 NAMEN IN CILJI .............................................................................................. 2 1.2 PREDSTAVITEV UPORABLJENIH SLOVENSKIH AMERIŠKIH ČASNIKOV IN DRUGIH VIROV................................................................................. 3 2 KRATEK PREGLED ZGODOVINE SLOVENSKEGA IZSELJEVANJA ................................................................................................... 5 2.1 NEKAJ BESED O SLOVENSKEM IZSELJEVANJU .................................... 10 3 MINNESOTA – SPLOŠNI PREGLED ..................................................... 14 3.1 PREGLED ZGODOVINE MINNESOTE OD PRIHODA PRVIH EVROPEJCEV DO KONCA 19. STOLETJA ............................................................. 17 3.2 PREGLED ZGODOVINE SLOVENCEV V MINNESOTI DO KONCA 19. STOLETJA ................................................................................................................... 18 4 SLOVENSKI IZSELJENCI V ELYJU, MINNESOTA, NA PODLAGI SLOVENSKEGA ČASOPISJA MED LETOMA 1891 IN 1939..................... 20 4.1 SPLOŠNI PREGLED ZGODOVINE MESTA ELY ........................................ 20 4.2 GOSPODARSKO ŢIVLJENJE ........................................................................ 32 4.2.1 Rudarstvo .................................................................................................. 32 4.2.2 Turizem in druge gospodarske dejavnosti ................................................. 54 4.3 POLITIČNO ŢIVLJENJE................................................................................. 57 4.3.1 Lokalne volitve ......................................................................................... 67 4.3.2 Slovenski politični klubi ........................................................................... 68 4.4 VERSKO ŢIVLJENJE ...................................................................................... 90 4.4.1 Etnične ţupnije .......................................................................................... 90 4.4.2 Delovanje slovenskih misijonarjev v Severni Ameriki ............................. 92 4.4.3 Joţef Frančišek Buh .................................................................................. 96 4.4.4 Kratek pregled zgodovine Ţupnije sv. Antona ....................................... 113 4.4.5 Statistika Ţupnije sv. Antona .................................................................. 117 4.5 DRUŠTVENO ŢIVLJENJE ........................................................................... 122 4.5.1 Bratske podporne organizacije ................................................................ 122 4.5.2 Društva v sklopu KSKJ ........................................................................... 123 4.5.3 Društva v sklopu JSKJ ............................................................................ 125 4.5.4 Izbrana poglavja iz zgodovine JSKJ do leta 1939 .................................. 138 4.5.5 Društva v sklopu SNPJ ........................................................................... 155 4.5.6 Društva v sklopu drugih podpornih organizacij in samostojna društva .. 158 4.5.7 Jugoslovanski narodni dom ..................................................................... 160 5 ZAKLJUČEK............................................................................................. 167 6 VIRI IN LITERATURA ........................................................................... 170 6.1 LITERATURA ............................................................................................... 170 6.1.1 Monografije ............................................................................................. 170 6.1.2 Članki ...................................................................................................... 171 6.1.3 Diplomske naloge in doktorske disertacije ............................................. 173 6.1.4 Enciklopedije .......................................................................................... 173 6.1.5 Spletni viri ............................................................................................... 174 6.2 VIRI ................................................................................................................ 177 6.2.1 Arhivski viri ............................................................................................ 177 6.2.2 Časniki .................................................................................................... 178 SEZNAM TABEL Tabela 1: Seznam ţupanov Elyja v obravnavanem obdobju ............................................ 25 Tabela 2: Posamezniki, druţine in gospodarske dejavnosti ............................................. 55 Tabela 3: Seznam posameznikov, ki so bili izvoljeni na lokalnih volitvah. ...................... 89 Tabela 4: Število pogrebov v Ţupniji sv. Antona v obdobju 1889–1939 ........................ 120 Tabela 5: Število porok v Ţupniji sv. Antona v obdobju 1889–1939 ............................. 121 Tabela 6: Število krstov v Ţupniji
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