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Antonia Márcia Artico UNIVERSIDADE PAULISTA CIBERATIVISMO E AS ESTRATÉGIAS COMUNICACIONAIS NOS MOVIMENTOS ABOLICIONISTAS VEGANOS Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Comunicação e Cultura Midiática da Universidade Paulista – UNIP, para obtenção do título de mestre em Comunicação. ANTONIA MÁRCIA ARTICO SÃO PAULO 2015 UNIVERSIDADE PAULISTA CIBERATIVISMO E AS ESTRATÉGIAS COMUNICACIONAIS NOS MOVIMENTOS ABOLICIONISTAS VEGANOS Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Comunicação e Cultura Midiática da Universidade Paulista – UNIP, para obtenção do título de mestre em Comunicação. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Jorge Miklos ANTONIA MÁRCIA ARTICO SÃO PAULO 2015 Artico, Antonia Marcia. Ciberativismo e as estratégias comunicacionais nos movimentos abolicionistas veganos / Antonia Marcia Artico - 2015. 141 f.: il. color. + CD-ROM. Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Comunicação da Universidade Paulista, São Paulo, 2015. Área de Concentração: Contribuições da Mídia para a Interação entre Grupos Sociais. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Jorge Miklos. 1. Abolicionismo vegano. 2. Ciberativismo . 3. Direitos dos animais. 4. Mídia radical. 5. Movimentos sociais contemporâneos. I. Miklos, Jorge (orientador). II. Título ANTONIA MARCIA ARTICO CIBERATIVISMO E AS ESTRATÉGIAS COMUNICACIONAIS NOS MOVIMENTOS ABOLICIONISTAS VEGANOS Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Comunicação e Cultura Midiática da Universidade Paulista – UNIP, para obtenção do título de mestre em Comunicação. Aprovado em: ____/____/_______ BANCA EXAMINADORA ________________________________________ Professor Doutor Jorge Miklos Universidade Paulista - UNIP ________________________________________ Professora Doutora Carla Montuori Fernandes Universidade Paulista – UNIP ________________________________________ Professora Doutora Alessandra Medeiros Centro Universitário Assunção – UNIFAI DEDICATÓRIA Este trabalho é dedicado a todas as pessoas que, de alguma maneira, me apoiaram e em mim acreditaram. À minha mãe, que esteve sempre presente nos momentos mais difíceis e que, em meio às adversidades, sempre encontrava alguma palavra para me dar força e continuar nessa jornada. Dedico também ao meu pai, aos meus irmãos e às minhas irmãs, sobrinhas, cunhados e cunhada, todos sabemos quanto esses dois últimos anos foram difíceis para nossa família. Às minhas amigas e aos meus amigos pela ajuda, pelos momentos alegres e pelos momentos não tão alegres assim. E, por fim, mas não menos importante, à Laika, que dividiu comigo seus nove anos de vida, a Chiquinha e Panda, meus queridos companheiros de quatro patas. AGRADECIMENTOS Meu inicial e especial agradecimento é para meu professor e orientador Prof. Dr. Jorge Miklos. Agradeço pela paciência e compreensão perante todos os contratempos que tive e que, mesmo assim, acreditou que eu pudesse superá-los. Agradeço muito a confiança em mim depositada, querido professor. Agradeço minha família pelo incentivo e suporte necessários para que eu chegasse até aqui. Minhas queridas amigas e meus amigos, a todos vocês agradeço a amizade incondicional, o companheirismo e a compreensão nos momentos ausentes em tantos encontros de que deixei de participar. Aos colegas de mestrado e professores do programa por me inspirar e dar oportunidades para ampliar meu conhecimento. Meu agradecimento profundo às professoras que compuseram minha banca de qualificação e me auxiliaram na direção deste estudo. Agradeço enormemente à Profa. Dra. Carla Montuori Fernandes e à Profa. Dra. Alessandra Medeiros. Ao secretário do programa, Marcelo, que, sempre muito prestativo e sorridente, me auxiliava. Enfim, a todos que contribuíram de alguma maneira para que este trabalho fosse concluído e hoje eu pudesse escrever estas palavras de gratidão. “Muito pouco da grande crueldade mostrada pelos homens pode ser atribuída realmente a um instinto cruel. A maior parte dela é resultado da falta de reflexão ou de hábitos herdados. ” Albert Schweitzer RESUMO Este estudo alinha-se à temática das relações entre Comunicação, Cibercultura e os Movimentos Sociais Contemporâneos. Nesse quadro temático, o objeto de estudo coincide com um recorte específico: o movimento abolicionista vegano e suas ações nas ruas e nas redes sociais digitais interativas. O objetivo é esquadrinhar a diversidade identitária desse sujeito coletivo, a transversalidade nas demandas por direitos, a participação política das organizações em rede e, finalmente, as formas de ativismo por meio de articulações midiáticas. Com base em tais elementos, o problema da pesquisa diz respeito justamente à questão do modo como o movimento abolicionista vegano se apropria das mídias no intuito de promover o processo de mobilização, participação e compartilhamento de informações e como esses meios se integram e se transformam quando empregados pelo movimento. A hipótese principal reconhece que o movimento abolicionista vegano utiliza as diversas formas de comunicação como estratégia de ação para conseguir promover visibilidade à causa dos direitos dos animais, sejam elas de caráter primário, secundário, sejam terciário (teoria da mídia de Harry Pross, 1987, apud PAIERO, 2005), em busca de maior visibilidade, mobilização e engajamento para a discussão de suas pautas, construindo assim experiências de mídia radical (DOWNING, 2002). Os procedimentos metodológicos envolveram pesquisa bibliográfica com acompanhamento e reflexão crítica de processos, em atendimento ao perfil exclusivamente teórico da pesquisa. Para efetuar essa análise, utilizaremos exemplos de ativismos praticados no contexto das três mídias, e, sobretudo, na terciária, locus da conexão em rede. Nesta última, entre outros, utilizaremos o ativismo via YouTube e diversos grupos existentes no Facebook, que, igualmente, incluem variados temas que os mobilizam. A articulação temática entre Comunicação, Cibercultura, Movimentos Sociais Contemporâneos e os Direitos dos Animais foi cumprida com base no referencial epistemológico das teorias da comunicação, da mídia e dos movimentos sociais contemporâneos. Entre os autores estudados destacam-se, Santos (2002; 2007), Castells (2003; 2013), Gohn (2013; 2014), Denis (2014), Francione (2013), Felipe (2014), Moraes (2012), Joy (2014), Downing (2002), Pross (1987, apud PAIERO, 2005; 1997), entre outros. A conclusão indica que o movimento encontra maior força na comunicação por intermédio da internet e suas redes sociais, nas quais o ativismo digital – como também é conhecido o ciberativismo – assume papel de fundamental importância para a democratização da comunicação, uma vez que, pelos meios tradicionais, isso não ocorre. Palavras-chave: Abolicionismo Vegano. Ciberativismo. Direitos dos Animais. Mídia Radical. Movimentos Sociais Contemporâneos. ABSTRACT This essay comprises the subject area on the relationship between Communication, Cyberculture, and Contemporary Social Movements. In this thematic framework, the subject matter matches with a specific approach: the vegan abolitionist movement and its actions in the streets and on interactive digital social networks. The goal is to look in detail into the identity diversity of this collective subject, the transverse nature of demands for rights, the political participation of online network organizations, and, finally, forms of activism through media articulations. Based on these elements, the research subject concerns specifically the question of how the vegan abolitionist movement appropriates medias to promote the process of mobilization, participation and sharing of information, and how these means get integrated and transformed when used by the movement. The main hypothesis states that the vegan abolitionist movement uses various forms of communication as its action strategy to raise awareness of the animal rights cause, whether of primary, secondary, or tertiary basis (Media Theory by Harry Pross, 1987 cited PAIERO, 2005), seeking greater visibility, mobilization and engagement on the discussion of their agendas, thus building radical media experiences (Downing, 2002).The methodological procedures involved literature research with monitoring and critical assessment processes, in compliance with the exclusively theoretical approach of the research. To perform this analysis, we will use examples of activism practiced in the context of the three kinds of media; especially in tertiary, locus of networking. In the latter, among others, we will use activism via YouTube and several existing Facebook groups, which also include different mobilized topics. The thematic link between Communication, Cyberculture, Contemporary Social Movements and Animal Welfare has been built based on the epistemological framework of theories of communication, media, and contemporary social movements. Among the authors studied, we would particularly highlight Santos (2002; 2007), Castells (2003; 2013), Gohn (2013; 2014), Denis (2014), Francione (2013), Felipe (2014), Moraes (2012), Joy (2014), Downing (2002), Pross (1987, cited PAIERO, 2005; 1997). The conclusion indicates that the movement is stronger when communicating through the internet and its social networks, in which the digital activism - as the cyberactivism is also known - takes a fundamental role in the democratization of communication; since, by traditional means, it does not occur. Keywords: Vegan Abolitionism. Cyberactivism. Animal Welfare. Radical Media. Contemporary Social Movements. LISTAS DE FIGURAS Figura 1 - Protesto na Tunísia em 2011, em que se observa a frase Game over (“o jogo acabou”) em
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