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Preliminary Data on the Preservation Status of Ruscus Aculeatus L

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Preliminary Data on the Preservation Status of Ruscus Aculeatus L Studii şi Cercetări Martie 2016 Biologie 25/1 136 -139 Universitatea”Vasile Alecsandri” din Bacău PRELIMINARY DATA ON THE PRESERVATION STATUS OF RUSCUS ACULEATUS L. SPECIES WITHIN THE TĂŞAD NATURA 2000 SITE Diana - Elena Maftei, Daniel – Ioan Maftei Key words: Ruscus aculeatus L., Tăşad reserve, preservation status INTRODUCTION rigid stem, 20 - 50 (70) cm in height, forming a pyramidal-ovate shaped bush. Ruscus aculeatus L. (known as the butcher’s Small greenish flowers appear in spring, and broom) is a significant medicinal species. As it is are borne singly in the centre of the phylloclades. widely used in alimentary or in traditional medicine, The female flowers are followed by a red berry, and it became more and more rare in some countries the seeds are bird -distributed, but the plant also (such as France). This species is mainly used for its spreads vegetatively by means of rhizomes. Ruscus medicinal purposes in our country, and it turned more aculeatus occurs in woodlands and hedgerows, where valuable with every year passing by. For this it is tolerant of deep shade, and also on coastal cliffs. particular reason, the species was declared a natural It is also widely planted in gardens, and has spread as monument, as it is stated in many botanical treatises a garden escapee in many areas outside its native (Săvulescu, 1966; Ciocîrlan, 1990; Sârbu et al., range. 2013). In Ruscus the ultimate phylloclade is terminal. The systematic classification of the Ruscus The development of the phylloclades is affected by aculeatus L. species is: the presence and the position of the inflorescence(s). Regnum: Plantae There is 1 (rarely 2) inflorescence on each Phylum: Angiospermae phylloclade. It lies centrally on the surface and is Class: Monocotyledonatae supplied by a vein which does not continue beyond Order: Asparagales it. In Ruscus it is always subtended by a primary Family: Asparagaceae bract, the margins of which are fused at the base of Genus: Ruscus the phylloclade. Short raceme inflorescence, holding Species: Ruscus aculeatus L 1 - 2 (5) flowers, inserted on the upper side of the Folk name: thorn. phylloclade. The flowers are small and articulated Ruscus aculeatus is an herb commonly with the pedicel at or just below the base of the referred to as butcher's broom due to its hard roots perianth. and (supposed) antibacterial properties being Fruit size of a small cherry, color red traditionally used to clean the cutting boards of (Săvulescu 1966). butchers. It also holds traditional medicinal uses, Ecology: it appears in forests, woodlands, which mainly focus around improving blood flow in hedgerows, meadows, coastal cliffs (Săvulescu, the veins by contracting them. The uses associated 1966). with this 'venotropic' action include reducing leg Spread: Vamanu Mountains, Bilbor village swelling and edema, treating chronic venous (Topliţa region); Şimleu hill, Băile 1 Mai, Hidişelul insufficiency, and treating or preventing de Sus (Oradea region); on the hills inbetween the hemhorroids. The plant itself contains a variety of Şuncuiuş large valley and the Urman valley (Beiuş saponin structures, of which the active ones are not region); in Moneasa, along the Megieş valley, and fully elucidated but are thought to be a collection of also in Piatra Mică, Sebiş on the Pilişca hill, Dezna similar saponins known as the ruscogenins and on the Corbului hill, Musteşti under the Drocea hill neoruscogenins. These are present in high levels in (Gurahonţ region); Cerna valley, Băile Herculane, the plant's vertical root (rhizome) and tend to be Mehadia on the Străjuţ mountain, Danube valley in standardized for supplementation. In regards to the the Cazane place (Orşova region); Hinova on the plant's actions, it seems to increase the activity of Stârmina hill, Valea Hoţului (Turnu Severin region); noradrenaline at the level of the synapse where it Bucovăţ forest, Leamna de Jos, Palilula, Podari contacts veins via acting through its alpha receptors. (Craiova region); Gancioava (Segarcea region); Ruscus aculeatus is a Bechet (Corabia region); Rastu (Băileşti area); low evergreen Eurasian shrub, with flat shoots Ponoare, Cloşani (Baia de Aramă zone); Vlădaia – known as phylloclades that give the appearance of inside the Bungetului forest (Vânju Mare region); stiff, spine - tipped leaves. Repent rhizome shrub, Comana, located in Padina lui Vasile, and at the 136 Fântâna cu Nuc, Călugăreni (in the Crucea de Piatră Regarding the preservation status in România, we forest and also the Mihai Bravu forest) (Giurgiu mention that this species in not IUCN evaluated. In region); Niculiţel – inside the forest (Tulcea region); our country, it is a part of the Annex 5 of the habitats Mangalia, above the thermal spa; Grozeşti, Slănic Directive and of the Annex 5A of the Government (Tg. Ocna region). Emergency Ordinance 57/2007 (altered and The authors of the scientific volume Flora completed). and vegetation of Moldavia (România) (2006) Identified habitat: Non-prioritary forest habitat acknowledged the presence of this species in the according the the Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 Nemira mountains as well (more precisely in Slănic May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and and Oituz). Global spread: Europe, Northern Africa of wild fauna and flora. Geographical coordinates: (Săvulescu, 1966). (46°57'5.50"N, 22° 8'46.41"E); (46°57'5.63"N, 22° 8'45.03"E). MATERIAL AND METHODS The identified species and the abundance-dominance in the researched area are: Carpinus betulus 3, - Global Positioning System (GPS) Quercus robur 2, Fagus sylvatica 1, Robinia - Photo camera pseudoacacia +, Tilia tomentosa +, Acer campestre - Maps containing the park's boundaries +, Acer platanoides +, Fraxinus excelsior +, Ruscus - Field determinator and work sheets aculeatus +, Cornus mas +, Rubus hirtus +, Prunus In view of identifying our species of interest, avium +, Rosa canina +, Crataegus monogyna +, Ruscus aculeatus L., several tracks were searched, Hedera helix +, Clematis vitalba +, Carex pillosa +, within the characteristic habitats for this species, Vinca minor +, Pulmonaria officinalis +, Stellaria along which visual observations were made. By holostea +, Carex sylvatica +, Geum urbanum +, means of the GPS, the appropriate populations, Stachys sylvatica +, Scrophularia nodosa +, regions and habitats were localized. Symphytum tuberosum +, Pteridium aquilinium +, Urtica dioica +. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS As the preservation state is concerned, the individuals of Ruscus aculeatus L. identified in these Our species of interest was identified within observation points display a favourable status, in a the boundaries of the ROSCI0240 site (named Tăşad) fructification stage. in two observation places (see photos 2 and 3). A A major aspect that needs to be mentioned total number of 11 individuals belonging to Ruscus within this study concerns the threats and menaces aculeatus L. species were identified in this area for Ruscus aculeatus L. They are represented by: (Photo 1). woodcutting, garbage, pasturage inside the forest (in Toponym: Natura 2000 ROSCI0240 Tăşad site some cases), mushroom picking. Photo 1. The regions in which Ruscus aculeatus L. was detected within the Natura 2000 site (PO 47 Ra - PO 48 Ra) 137 Photo 2. Ruscus aculeatus L. Photo 3. Ruscus aculeatus L. (observation point no. 47) (observation point no. 48) The sylvicultural activities represented by mushroom picking, plant picking in view of making woodcutting, clearing up and replanting the trees herbariums. may alter or even destroy some butcher’s broom The plants’ prelevation with the underground individuals. parts should have the curator’s permission, and Considering the recommendations on the applied only to those plants within stable populations regulations to reduce the impact on the researched and a favourable preservation status. species, they are as following: the harvesting together This latter data should be vulgarized by means with the underground plant parts leads to the species’ of info boards, flyers, brochures, info campaigns, extinction in that peculiar place. These actions should volunteers. be restricted, and some fines established in case of non-compliance. The plants’ prelevation with the ABSTRACT underground parts should have the curator’s \ permission, and applied only to those plants within The preliminary observations made while stable populations and a favourable preservation searching the site’s surface were accomplished in status. This latter data should be vulgarized by means September 2015. During our field research, the of info boards, flyers, brochures, info campaigns, species Ruscus aculeatus L. was identified within the volunteers. boundaries of the Natura 2000 ROSCI0240 Tăşad Locating the areas in which the proposed regulations site and the 2.188 Tortorian limestones of the Tăşad will be enforced: info boards flyers, brochures, maps reserve. with touristic routes, info campaigns, volunteers: - At the site’s access areas REFERENCES - Along the touristic routes - In the specially arranged resting areas 1. ARDELEAN A., 1999 - Flora şi vegetaţia din - Within the info places, chalets or boarding Valea Crişului Alb. University Press Publishing houses. House, Vasile Goldiş, Arad, 311 p.; 2. BANCIU C., MITOI M., BREZEANU A., 2009 CONCLUSIONS - Biochemical peculiarity of in vitro morphogenesis under conservation strategy of Our species of interest was identified within Ruscus aculeatus L. Ann For Res.;52:109–116; the boundaries of the ROSCI0240 site (Tăşad) in two 3. BERTANI
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