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Trip Participant Study Guide 2015

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Trip Participant Study Guide 2015 Sister Communities of San Ramón, Nicaragua (San-Ramon.org) Trip Participant Study Guide 2015 Mission Statement SCSRN partners with San Ramón, Nicaragua to support education and community development initiatives that build friendship, understanding, environmental preservation, and respect for human rights. Our Story In 1993, Nicaragua was reeling from the effects of more than a decade of revolution and civil war. Remote farming communities in mountainous central Nicaragua were among those most severely affected by disruptions in commerce, lack of services, and unpredictable violence. Poor roads and long rainy seasons also made these communities less accessible to aid agencies. SCSRN’s founders saw an opportunity to extend the hands of friendship to a community in need, and SCSRN has forged a lasting relationship with the people of San Ramón. Organization Milestones 1993 - The partnership began between San Ramón and Durham, North Carolina. 1997 - The development of Finca Esperanza Verde (FEV) began with the purchase of an abandoned coffee farm. The main goal was to protect the local watershed and surrounding cloud forest. 2000 - The lodge at FEV welcomed its first visitors. 2003 - SCSRN partnered with Rotary International to launch a community water project. 2005 - SCSRN developed the Rural School Partnerships (RSPs) to support education access. 2009 - SCSRN reached 10 RSPs receiving semi-annual donations of supplies. The program has since grown to include 18 partnerships. 2012 - SCSRN partnered with the Dorthea Ross Foundation to expand and re-equip the Los Pipitos Clinic, which helps children with disabilities. In the same year, with support from the Jeffrey Cook Charitable Trust, SCSRN purchased a compressed earth block machine, which makes cost-effective blocks for construction. 2013 – SCSRN successfully brought FEV under new ownership. The new owners will continue to promote ecotourism and partner with SCSRN to host our group trips. The Board of SCSRN confirmed its mission of supporting education and community development initiatives in San Ramon. Why Travel to San Ramón? A cultural immersion ecotour with SCSRN is a unique opportunity to have an authentic experience of rural life in San Ramón, Nicaragua. It provides the opportunity to hike in a pristine cloud forest and to learn about environmentally responsible farming and the organic coffee industry. It also provides the opportunity for meaningful encounters with the community through a homestay with a host family, performances from local musicians and dancers, and tours of the community led by expert, locally trained guides. This kind of comprehensive travel experience leaves a visitor with a more complete understanding of life in Nicaragua. Our trips help inform visitors as well as inspire them, embodying the spirit of true global citizenship. Our trips are also closely coordinated with the community, ensuring that everyone working on the trips is paid a fair wage and that the natural areas we bring visitors to see are respected and preserved for future generations. Introduction to Nicaragua Matagalpa is the yellow department in the middle, with the capital city being Matagalpa. The town of San Ramón (not on the map) is located north east of the city of Matagalpa. San Ramón is the name of both the city and the county. Source: http://geology.com/world/nicaragua-satellite-image.shtml Geography: Known as "The Land of Lakes and Volcanoes," Nicaragua lies between the Atlantic and Pacific coasts. Its border to the north is Honduras and to the south, Costa Rica. There are two great lakes (Lake Managua and Lake Nicaragua), numerous volcanoes, some of which are active, and many lagoons formed from ancient volcanic craters. There are three distinct areas of the country: the Pacific Lowlands, Central Highlands, and the Mosquito Coast of the Atlantic. San Ramón lies in the Central Highlands and is predominately rural. Finca Esperanza Verde is at approximately 4,000 feet elevation, and the town of San Ramón is at 2,500 feet. Nearly one-fifth of the country is protected land with parks and biological preserves. Environment Flora and Fauna: There is a high level of biodiversity, and much of the wildlife live in protected areas. The northern part of the country has the largest rainforest north of the Amazon. There are more than 10,000 species of plants and trees, many of medicinal value. There is a great deal of exotic wildlife, and a number of unusual mammals can be found, including the three-toed sloth and the endangered howler monkey. Nicaragua contains the only freshwater sharks in the world. There are many species of birds, including various species of parrots, motmots, toucans, trogons and hummingbirds. The national bird is the guardabarranco. Nicaragua is also home to many endangered nesting sea turtles. Efforts to preserve them are underway. The tropical climate has two seasons: the rainy season, which lasts approximately from May through October and the dry season from November through April. Temperature varies little with the seasons, and variation is mostly due to changes in elevation. Overall, the range of temperature during the rainy season is 81-90 degrees Fahrenheit and during the dry season is 86-95, with cooler air in the mountains. At Finca Esperanza Verde, which is in the mountains, the temperatures during the dry season are generally in the 70’s and in the 50’s at night. Temperatures in the town of San Ramón are somewhat higher. The country is subject to severe flooding during its rainy season. The coast is also subject to destructive tropical storms and hurricanes, which have led to considerable crop damage and erosion. Environmental Challenges: Deforestation poses a huge threat to the complex ecosystems of Nicaragua and is mainly due to harvesting wood for cooking. Forests help prevent landslides and erosion during the often intense rains of the rainy season. While the forests in some areas have been cut down to make way for coffee plantations, other areas use shade grown coffee techniques, which keeps the forest intact. SCSRN sells organic, shade-grown coffee grown at Finca Esperanza Verde. Culture There is a unique artistic environment to be found in Nicaragua with respect to dance, music, painting, writing, weaving, and crafts. Every city has its own patron saint, with festivals that revolve around the local saint's birthday. Easter week (Semana Santa) is generally the longest, most elaborate festival, but many other festivals occur throughout the country, including colorful horse parades, called “hipicos.” (http://vianica.com/go/specials/19-traditional-nicaraguan-costumes.html) Arts and Crafts Throughout the country, artisans keep unique art forms alive. A primitivist painting style, depicting scenes of rural life, can be seen in San Ramón. Also in San Ramón, there is the opportunity to visit a women’s cooperative, which uses recycled paper, local flowers, and plants to make beautiful paper products, and to have a workshop from artists who use seeds to craft jewelry. In the nearby indigenous community of El Chile there is a women's weaving cooperative that makes lovely woven goods. The city of Masaya is famous for its woven hammocks, ceramics, and guayaberas (embroidered shirts). Literature Rubén Darío is considered the father of modernism in Spanish literature and one of the most acclaimed Latin American writers. He set the stage for Nicaragua's love affair with poetry. Another author/poet, Gioconda Belli, has been called one of the most important poets of the 20th century. Her writings are connected to the political life of the country. Every February, there is a poetry festival in Granada. Music, Dance, and Theater The arts have deep cultural roots, and this is often experienced at fiestas that occur throughout the country. The marimba is the national instrument, and guitars and other percussion instruments often accompany it. Music is important in Nicaragua, and some of the popular genres are ranchera, folk, and reggaeton. Some of the most well-known singers of the folk tradition are the Mejia Godoy brothers. Folk dances are often mixed with a form of theater; the most popular is "El Gueguense," which satirizes the impression indigenous people had of the Spanish invaders and their horses. People love to dance, and traditional costumes are worn in conjunction with regional traditions. People Nicaragua has about six million people, with a mix of ethnicities and races. The territory was originally populated by Amerindian tribes. The European invaders arrived in the 16th century, and the Spanish inhabited the Pacific and Central regions. The Atlantic coast was settled by the British, who later imported African slaves. The major ethnic group is Mestizo (mixed Amerindian and white), which makes up about 69% of the population. Other groups are white 17%, black 9%, and Amerindian 5%. Spanish is the official language. The town of San Ramón has a population of about 2,200, and about 24,000 live in the county of San Ramón, which is predominantly rural. Gallo pinto (rice and beans) is an essential part of Nicaraguan cuisine. Eggs, meat, and cheese are all common, but vegetarians will find it easy to get by, as there are plenty of options with rice, beans, fresh fruits, and vegetables. While the water at FEV is safe to drink, we advise that you drink only filtered water everywhere else. Also avoid ice, as it comes from tap water. Religion While Nicaragua has no official religion, the vast majority of the population is Catholic and a growing minority is Evangelical Protestant. History The first evidence of human settlement in Nicaragua was 8,000 years ago. Two thousand years later there is evidence of humans living on the shore of Lake Nicaragua. In the 13th century an Indian chief Nicarao ruled part of the land. This is likely how Nicaragua was got its name. During the colonial period, the principal cities of León and Granada were founded.
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