1959 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 2957 revenue laws; to the Committee on Ways United States relative to equal rights for PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS and Means. men and women; to the Committee on the H.R. 5019. A blll to amend the Panama Judiciary. Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private Canal Construction Service Annuity Act of By Mr. KILGORE: bills and resolutions were introduced and May 29, 1944, to extend the benefits thereof H .J. Res. 265. Joint resolution proposing severally referred as follows: to persons otherwise eligible therefor who are an amendment to the Constitution of the By Mr. CLARK: naturalized as U.S. citizens after December 7, United States providing for the election of H .R. 5027. A bill for the relief of Philip Elias 1941, and before January 2, 1959; to the President and Vice President; to the Com­ Hays; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Committee on Merchant Marine and Fish­ mittee on the Judiciary. By Mr. DINGELL: eries. ByMr.COAD: H.R. 5028. A bill for the relief of Mrs. Yee By Mr. . ROOSEVELT (by request) : H. Con. Res. 90. Concurrent resolution ex­ (Ng) Fung Lin; to the Committee on the H.R. 5020. A bill to extend the benefits of pressing the sense of the Congress with re­ Judiciary. the act of May 29, 1944, entitled "An act to spect to a program for paying the national By Mr. ELLIOTT: provide for the recognition of the services debt; to the Committee on Ways and Means. H.R. 5029. A bill for the relief of Capt. Wil­ liam Crane Cantrell; to the Committee on of the civilian officials and employees, citi­ By Mr. FULTON: zens of the United States, engaged in and the Judiciary. H. Con. Res. 91. Concurrent resolution By Mr. FRELINGHUYSEN: about the construction of the Panama seeking United States initiative for a joint Canal," to certain additional civilian officers H.R. 5030. A bill for the relief of free world economic mission to India; to the Franciszek Serafin and Danuta Serafin; to and employees; to the Committee on Mer­ Committee on Foreign Affairs. chant Marine and Fisheries. the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. DENT: By Mr. FULTON: By Mr. SISK: H. Res. 185. Resolution to authorize the H.R. 5031. A bill for the relief of Ida H.R. 5021. A bill to promote mmmg and Committee on Education and Labor to con­ Colaizzi Di Benedetto; to the Committee on development research for beryl, chromite and duct an investigation and study of the ad­ the Judiciary. columbium-tantalum from domestic mines; minist ration of the Walsh-Healey Act; to the H .R. 5032. A bill for the relief of Assimina to the Committee on Interior and Insular Committee on Rules. Christidou; to the Committee on the Judi­ Affairs. ciary. By Mr. THOMPSON of Texas: H.R. 5033. A bill for the relief ·of Betty H.R. 5022. A bill to establish a Commission Keenan; to the Committee on the Judiciary. on Country Life, and for other purposes; to MEMORIALS By Mr. HUDDLESTON: the Committee on Agriculture. Under clause 3 of rule XXII, memo­ H.R. 5034. A bill for the relief of Sofia N. By Mr. ULLMAN: rials were presented and referred as fol­ Sarris; to the Committee on the Judiciary. H .R. 5023. A bill to promote mining and By Mr. O'HARA of Illinois: lows: H.R. 5035. A bill for the relief of David development research for beryl, chromite and By the SPEAKER: Memorial of the Legisla­ columbium-tantalum from domestic mines; Yung-Liang Liu; to the Committee on the ture of the State of Maryland, memorializing Judiciary. to the Committee on Interior and Insular the President and the Congress of the United Affairs. By Mr. O'KONSKI: States relative to protesting the proposal of H.R. 5036. A bill to confer jurisdiction upon By Mr. VAN PELT: a 1Y:z -cent-per-gallon increase in the Federal the Court of Claims to hear, determine, and H.R. 5024. A bill to authorize the use of gasoline tax; to the Committee on Ways and render judgment upon the claims of Rey­ Great Lakes vessels on the oceans; to the Means. naldo Gubbins, of Lima, Peru, and the per­ Committee on Merchant Marine and Fish- Also, memorial of the Legislature of the sons and firms of Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, eries. State of Minnesota, memorializing the Presi­ Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Domini­ By Mr. WIER: dent and the Congress of the United States can Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guate­ H.R. 5025. A bill to amend section 503 of relative to urging the Congress to enact ap­ mala, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, title 38, United States Code, to provide that propriate legislation to repeal the Federal Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, and social security benefits shall not be counted excise taxes upon the transportation of per­ Venezuela which Reynaldo Gubbins repre• as income in determining eligibility for pen­ sents; to the Committee on the Judiciary. sion; to the Committee on Veterans• Affairs. sons; to the Committee on Ways and Means. Also, memorial of the Legislature of the By Mr. PELLY: H .R. 5026. A bill to amend sections 522 and H .R. 5037. A bill for the relief of Sho Kwon 545 of title 38, United States Code, to increase State of Montana, memorializing the Presi­ dent and the Congress of the United States Shin (also known as Cheng Ah Mao) ; to the the income limitations applicable to the pay­ Committee on the Judiciary. · ment of pension for non-service-connected relative to requesting that Fort Missoula, at By Mr. SHELLEY: disability or death to $1,800 and $3,000; to Missoula, Mont., be activated and utilized by H .R. 5038. A bill for the relief of Wong Lip the Committee on Veterans• Affairs. some regular unit of the United States armed Jue; to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. FULTON: services or maintained and considered for H.R. 5039. A bill for the relief of Adela H .J. Res. 264. Joint resolution proposing future uses; to the Committee on Armed Michiko Flores; to the Committee on the an amendment to the Constitution of the Services. Judiciary.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Estonian Independence Day Estonia had been independent from its the treacherous sands of Soviet paper early beginning until the 13th century. promises. EXTENSION OF REMARKS Then it found itself a pawn in the power But in 1940, the curtain came down on politics of larger, aggressive neighbors, independent Estonia. As one of the first OF culminating in Russian rule in 1710. For nations to be subjugated by the Soviet HON. JAMES ROOSEVELT more than 200 years they lived under op­ Union after the Hitler-Stalin Pact, OF CALIFORNIA pressive Russian rule. Their chief de­ Estonia was directly incorporated into IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sire during all that time was to be free, the Soviet Union. After being occupied though they were unable to attain their by the Nazis during World War II, Wednesday, February 25, 1959 freedom without help from others. But Estonia was again returned to Soviet Mr. ROOSEVELT. Mr. Speaker, com­ history took pity on these heroic people rule. Untold hardships and suffering memorating the 41st anniversary of during World War I. With the Russian have been inflicted upon this small na­ Estonian independence is in fact a study revolution of 1917 czarist autocracy was tion-deportation, execution, imprison­ of and a tribute to the spirit of national­ overthrown and that Government's ment, and mobilization-total and brutal ism and freedom. Estonia has demon­ sovietization of Estonia. authority over other nationalities was The unhappy Estonians continue to strated a spirit strong enough to outlive shattered. Estonians felt a taste of free­ German landlords and Russian gover­ suffer under totalitarian tyranny. But nors; strong enough to withstand, at the dom, and on February 24, 1918, they pro­ their hope for freedom and their desire end of the First World War, first a claimed their independence. In 1920 the for independence is not dead. It is living Bolshevik invasion, then a German in­ U.S.S.R. signed a peace treaty renounc­ in the hearts and minds of Estonians still vasion, then another Bolshevik invasion; ing all rights to Estonian territory. In struggling for their liberty. Estonia no and strong enough to establish a republic 1932 a further guaranty was agreed upon, longer remains on the map of Europe, but and to maintain it through the trials of a nonaggression pact. Thus Estonia it does remain in the hearts of all free­ over 22 years. built its foundations of sovereignty upon dom -loving people. The United States .2958 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE February 25 still refuses to recognize Estonia as part The influence of agriculture extends far For what could be more important than of the Soviet Union de jure. beyond the farm,. or even the rural com­ our food? munity. American farmers are the most efficient Estonians have a spirit-a feeling-of While some 20 million Americans actually and productive farmers in the world. belonging together. This feeling has sur­ live and work on .the farms, it is estimated And we are improving, every year. vived the centuries of division, invasion, that 42 million are involved in the transport­ Last year, average per acre yields on nearly and oppression. It was this feeling ing, processing and retailing of farm prod­ every major commodity set new records. which, taking the 19th century form of ucts, or in supplying the farmers• needs. On 57 acres, we now produce the same n ationalism, founded the Estonian state. In other words, an estimated three out of amount of food and fiber that we did in 1940 The people of Estonia-with their te­ every eight Americans are directly involved in on 100 acres. nacity and their flexibility, their energy, the feeding and clothing of the Nation. We can produce more pounds of meat, with Remember those figures, when anybody less feed, than ever before. and their courage, their stoicism, and tries to argue that agriculture is no longer Milk production, per cow, has increased 39 their wit-have suffered the trials of in­ important. percent since 1944. vasion and oppression without being Each year .agriculture uses more finished Yes, Americans are the best fed, and best broken or embittered, without losing steel than is used in a year's output of clothed people on the face of the earth. their capacity for self -government and passenger cars. And this food and clothing is becoming toleration. We cannot fail to feel in Each year, farmers use more crude pe­ less and less expensive, in terms of the their debt. We encourage the Estonian troleum than any other industry in the amount of work required to earn the pur­ country. chase 'price. people in their hope for a complete res­ Each year, American farmers keep 2 to a· Thirty years ago the average laborer had to toration of freedom; heartily applaud million nonfarm workers employed solely in work 15 minutes to earn enough to buy a their moral resistance to Communist supplying their needs. quart of milk. · tyranny, and humbly pay tribute to this So agriculture is today, as it always has This year, he will work just half that time long-suffering patriotism. been, one of the pillars of our Nation's econ­ for that quart; and his milk will come in a omy. more sanitary package, pasteurized, homog­ As Ruritans, you are aware of, and con­ enized, and irradiated with vitamins. cerned with, the close relationship between It now requires less than one-third the rural and urban America. worktime of 30 years ago to ouy a dozen American Farm Problem You know well that the small town cannot eggs. long survive, much less grow or prosper, in And half the time for a pound of meat. the face of continued depressed economic Now in most industries, increases in effi­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS conditions in agriculture. ciency or productiveness are rewarded by OF A decline in farm income is like an eco­ higher wages or profits. nomic cancer. It spreads slowly at first, but This has not been true in agriculture. HON. W. R. HULL, JR. soon covers an entire area. Despite the fact our farmers feed us well, OF MISSOURI It is only natural that, as farm income and and help to feed needy people in other lands, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES purchasing power decline, the farm family they have not shared fully in the benefits of is forced to postpone or curtail purchases of their accomplishments. Wednesday, February 25, 1959 needed or desired goods. Per capita income in agriculture Is less If a farmer cannot afford to buy a new than half the level of the nonfarm popula­ Mr. HULL. Mr. Speaker, a lucid and tractor, the sales of local implement dealers tion. penetrating appraisal of the farm prob­ drop. In 1958, farmworkers' wages averaged 76 lem in America was made in a recent As a result, the implement dealer post­ cents per hour; whereas factory workers• speech before a convention of Ruritan pones his planned purchase of a new car. wages averaged more than $2 per hour. National by Senator SYMINGTON, of Mis­ This means the auto dealer must postpone Reports comparing rural and urban stand­ SOUri. his remodeling or building a home. ards of living consistently point out that This speech by Senator SYMINGTON, a And the chain of reduced purchasing power farm families are far short of the conven­ soon engulfs the entire community. iences . and necessities enjoyed by urban member of the Senate Agriculture Com­ But it spreads even further-to the fac­ families. · mittee and the astute sponsor of intelli­ tories, the firms, and the people of larger One-fourth of the Nation's farm families gent farm legislation, should be required cities. have no automobile. reading for every American genuinely To see the effect, we need only look at the Only half have telephones. concel_"ned with recent trends in Ameri­ last few pages of our book of economic his­ Nearly 2 million farm homes have no run­ can agriculture and interested in restor­ tory. ning water . ing prosperity to our rural areR.s. Farm prosperity reached record levels in . The median income level in agriculture in Under leave to extend my remarks, I the post-World War II period. 1957 was $1,555. This is less than one-third In the early 1950's it began to slump. of the median income in wholesaling, manu­ include the address by Senator SYMING­ facturing, transporting, mining-and by far ToN: Conditions continued to worsen, until in 1957 family farm purchasing power reached the lowest for any industry group. ADDRESS BY SENATOR STUART SYMINGTON, OF its lowest point in 17 years. Is it not truly a paradox that one of the MISSOURI, RURITAN NATIONAL, 30TH ANNI­ As farm income dropped steadily, our most efficient and productive segments of our VERSARY CONVENTION, SHERATON-PARK small towns and rural communities bore the economy is earning so much less than any HOTEL, JANUARY 26, 1959 brunt. other? How, then, can we find ways to help farm It is a privilege to speak here before the Gradually, however, it spread to the larger 30th anniversary convention of Ruritan Na­ families earn a fair return for their effort, cities, to the point where, in 1957, and con­ without resorting to programs which, in the tional. tinuing throughout most of 1958, our entire I am especially proud to be here, because long run, will hurt farmers, the rural com­ national economy staggered under the most munity, and the national economy? the speakers at your past conventions con­ severe recession since the mid-1930's. stitute a most distinguished group-one Before entering Government service, I I do not want to imply that our most spent nearly 30 years in private business. which includes my friend and colleague, the recent recession was caused solely by a sick distinguished Senator from Virginia, HARRY Therefore I naturally view this farm prob­ farm economy. But most economists agreee lem, or any similar Government problem, BYRD. that continued drops in farm income and There is always a bond between a speaker from the standpoint of what we used to call purchasing power helped bog us down as "good business practice under sound ac­ and the audience when they share common much as anything else. beliefs and philosophies. counting principles." This is why many farmers, farm leaders, With that premise, may we look briefly at I believe this is true tonight. and some of us-not enough-in the Con­ As Ruritans, you recognize the true and a current Government farm problem which gress, are so concerned when various people enduring values of rural life; and you have invariably is one of management's most im­ m ake light of agriculture--its people, its dedicated your organization to promoting portant probleins, inventory. and serving those values. importance, and its problems. All of us know the importance of sound Your basic objective is to bring about a Wouldn't we like to get hold of that Madi­ inventory management, and the dangers in­ closer union and a better understanding be­ son Avenue fellow who started the story that cident to excess inventory. tween the farmer and the business and pro­ nearly all farmers are now driving Cadillacs? ·We have an inventory problem in Govern­ fessional man, so as to make the rural com­ Farmworkers put in a 10-hour day. That ment today which may be the greatest inven­ munity a better place in which to live. we know. tory problem ever faced by anybody in peace­ In serving rural communities as you do, I don't know of many farmers who work time-the inventory currently in the hands you are making a great contribution to your less than a 6-day week. of the Department of Agriculture. community. · Do you? As we know, the Department of Agricul­ You are also serving a larger cause--that of The work of no one else is· more directly ture price-support program operates through our Nation. c onc~ rned with the well-being of each of us. the making of loans on commodities. -1959 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 2959

Unless the loan is redeemed, the commod­ of millions more dollars will have to be spent In that way we would be serving the ob­ ity is taken over by the Commodity Credit to build more storage space. jective of Ruritan, "to make our community Corporation, a legal instrument created to Just not good business. a better place in which to live." carry out this operation. Secondly, the Secretary of Agriculture can In recent years, there has been a tremen­ sell these stocks on the market, for what they dous increase in the quantity of farm prod­ will bring. ucts moving into the hands of the Commod­ That would be -normal business practice, ity Credit Corporation; and it is now clear in manufacturing or wholesaling, or retailing. How To Encourage American Investment that this condition has been caused prima­ This latter action would result in sharp Abroad rily by the Department of Agriculture giv­ cuts in the price of beef and hogs. ing price support without meaningful pro­ Some believe, however, that this day of duction controls. reckoning is due. EXTENSION OF REMARKS In effect, the Department of Agriculture In fact, hog prices are already skidding. In OF has been telling farmers in many crops to pro­ recent months they have dropped from $23 to duce all they can; and at the same time has $17 per hundred pounds; and, according to HON. HALE BOGGS provided them with a guaranteed price. Department of Agriculture reports, by next OF LOUISIANA There has been no adequate market for fall they may be down to $10-$12, as low as this guaranteed production. Thel'efore it they were in 1955. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES has piled up in Government inventory at a Cattle prices, which are now doing fairly Wednesday, February 25, 1959 truly appalling rate. well, can only drop heavily if we move our As of November 30, 1958, the most recent inventory of more than 2.5 billion bushels of Mr. BOGGS. Mr. Speaker, under Department of Agriculture report, the CCC Government stocked corn, and possibly leave to extend my remarks in the REc­ inventory of Government-owned farm com­ wheat, into the market. ORD, I include the following address modities was valued at $5.5 billion. (In Jan­ Thirdly, we could destroy these surplus which I presented before the intermi­ uary 1953, this inventory was $1 billion.) stocks. tional section of the New York Board of But that tells only part of the story. That would be a heavy levy on every citi­ Trade on February 10, 1959: That 5.5 billion represents the value of the zen of the United States. All the money crops actually owned by the CCC. invested would be lost. • HOW TO ENCOURAGE AMERICAN INVESTMENT In addition, there is some $2.7 billion of With hundreds of millions of hungry ABROAD commodities pledged for loans, most of which people around the world, that action might Mr. Chairman, it is a pleasure for me to will be turned over to the Government with­ be misunderstood by many. join you today to discuss the subject, "How in the next few months. Fourth, perhaps we could move much of To Encourage American Investment Abroad." According to the President's 1960 budget this inventory into the hands of hungry This very important problem engages your message, the CCC actual inventory will be people, all over the world. interest as American businessmen and my $6.7 billion by next June 30, and $9.1 billion To that end, I have introduced a bill which interest as a Member of the U.S. Congress. by June of 1960. requires that not less than 25 percent of our We appreciate the critical importance of this If these 1960 estimates are accurate, the foreign economic aid be given in surplus subject and of the need for developing public Government holdings of surplus f.arm com­ farm commodities. policy and programs that are adequate. modities will have been multiplied 9 times In this way we would be using more of the The London Economist, a week or so ago, in an 8-year period. productive capacity of our American farm put the problem very well. It said that And this does not include any loan pledges, families as a weapon in the struggle for world "Provided there is no thermonuclear war, the cost of which may be several billions freedom and a just and lasting peace. the whole future balance. of international more. Already we are selling some of our surplus manpower is likely to depend on one factor: At the present time, two crops, corn and stocks for foreign currencies. This is under On whether the poorer nations can be offered wheat, make up approximately 75 percent of the Public Law 480 program. the prospect of getting richer within the this total investment; and the prominence of A bill has been introduced in this Congress free world's economic and political system these two crops will continue. to allow countries to purchase our food and · than they would within the Communist The new corn program of the Department fiber stocks under long-term contracts, so one." of Agriculture calls for higher price support they can be assured of a supply while they When we talk abt ut foreign economic for most corn farmers; and at the same time are developing their own resources. policy as a. whole and foreign investment does away with all measures of production policy in particular, we are talking about control. It has also been suggested that the free policy for national survival. There is no So we are certain to have even greater corn nations set up a world bank, in which stor­ question about it. We are engaged in a life­ production; and therefore an even larger able food could be deposited, withdrawn, or and-death struggle to save and promote the Government inventory. loaned, in order to meet emergencies of the kind of social, political, and economic sys­ Wheat production is expected to continue member nations. tem-in short, the kind of world order­ at an equally high level. As long as we are going to be in the busi­ that is the heritage of Western democracy. The figures again. ness, and properly, of strengthening coun­ We are trying to do this, challenged by the This Commodity Credit Corporation inven­ tries to resist communism, why not do it most artful and persistent foe that we have tory is nearly $6 billion now; it soon will be partly with food, of which we have plenty, ever faced. The confiict is all the more try­ $9 billion; and the total obligation-loans instead of dollars, with which we are having ing because we are waging it at this stage and inventory-will be some $10.5 billion. increasing troubles. without adequate weapons. We have, in Therefore the present policy, price support So there they are, the four possible solu­ fact, a• excessive preoccupation with the without effective controls just doesn't make tions to this growing agriculture inventory military side of any prospective confiict. I sense. problem. do not say that military preparedness is not To a farmer, with this gigantic supply We can destroy this inventory. absolutely essential-it is, but by being in hanging over his market, it guarantees heavy We can sell it. the soundest military posture we are assum­ trouble. We can use more of it for economic aid. ing hopefully that the Russians will not To all of us, as citizens and taxpayers Or we can keep on storing it. begin a war with us. Thus, military pre­ sharing the cost of this program, including As Ruritans you are vitally interested in a paredness only buys time and prevents the the now heavy storage charges, it constitutes prosperous rural America. confiict from breaking out into a shooting a heavy burden. But you know there can be no true farm war. The outcome of the long-run com­ To the people who are now entering their prosperity so long as the Department of petition will not depend on military weapons. 7th year in control of our Department of Agriculture continues to sit on this gigantic The battlefield where the confiict is really Agriculture, it is a problem which must now surplus of farm commodities. joined today and for the future is in the be faced up to. competition for men's minds and allegiances For that reason all of us, in and out of It is a situation which must be faced; and and hence it is where our foreign economic Congress, hope for sound proposals from the in the interest of the country as well as the policy, as the economist pointed out, is of Department of Agriculture this year. farmer, it should be faced now. such critical importance. Now what can be done with this $9 billion As a member of the Senate Agriculture I am afraid that in this department of our agriculture inventory? Committee, I am one of those eager to find strategy for survival we are not well stocked As I see it, here are the alternatives. the right answer, so the families on the with weapons. In fact, not only have we We can continue to store the inventory. farms, and in the rural communities of not devised and put into use the kinds of (At present inventory levels, the cost of America, can share more fully in the un­ policies and programs that are essential but storage and handling is $420 million per year. precedented prosperity of our Nation. we have had a bad habit of stumbling e.nd As the size of the inventory increases, this Let us all dedicate ourselves to the right, falling back. One example has come to me cost will, of course increase to, according to and therefore the wise, solution to this farm very graphically. I am sure that you have the President's -state of the Union address, problem. all read about the turbine case under the $1 b1llion per year in storage charges alone.) We would then be striving to do our share Buy-American Act which led to a Govern­ At this rate, we will soon run out of places toward the attainment of a free and pros­ ment contract being awarded a domestic to store our idle surplus crops. Then tens perous America. manufacturer despite the fact that the 2960 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE February 25 British bidder was $300,000 below the Amet:i­ far as investment policy is concerned. This ration known as a foreign business corpora­ can bid. There are many wrinkles to this is a subject that has been under intensive tion to _conduct the foreign operations of case, but what is most striking to me is that study and discussion for a decade but as yet American firms. The foreign business corpo­ the contract was awarded to the domestic we have not broken out of the chains of un­ ration would e~joy the privilege of deferral firm, despite all the rules and regulations of certainty and come forward with a meaning­ of U.S. taxes on its income. the Buy-American Act and the Executive or­ f-ul policy. This proposal would, therefore, permit the der that was proclaimed to implement it, From what we know about private invest­ domestication of foreign base corporations on the grounds of national security. That is, ment and the incentives and obstacles that established in tax haven countries and we are asked to believe that letting the con­ promote and deter it, I think we can fairly would accord the same tax benefits that are tract in England would have jeopardized the conclude that it is in the field of tax reform enjoyed by such corporations to the foreign n ational security of the United States. The that the most effective incentives to private business corporation. The question may well reason that was given-national security­ foreign investment can be found. To be be r aised as to what advantage the foreign was just an excuse because it was the only sure, the Government can moderate the non­ business corporation form offers American excuse available. What is appalling is the business risks of doing business abroad business in view of the fact that they can use of such an excuse. through such things as the investment guar­ already avail themselves of the tax advan­ Not only is it ridiculous to think that our anty program and through the consumma­ tages of this form through the incorpora­ national security would be impaired if the tion of treaties and conventions for the pro­ tion of holding companies in foreign tax two turbines were produced by the British tection of private property and to assure h avens. The answer, I think, is that there firm in a country that is perhaps our equ al rights for American citizens and corpo­ are significant advantages and the best test stanchest ally, but what is even more sig­ rat ions. But when we tallc about private in­ of this is that the American business com­ nificant is the narrow parochial mean ing that vestment, we talk about economic decisions munity has, in the hearings which our sub­ this action gives to the concept of national by American corporations that are made on committee held, expressed its vigorous in­ security. the basis of a calculated profit. Foreign in­ terest and support for the proposal. Our national security is not impaired by a vestment, by and large, does not assure the This support reflects several factors. liberal trade policy. Quite the contrary. It investor that he will earn sufficiently higher Foreign incorporation may be a cumbersome is through the expansion of trade and invest­ return s than he can on domestic invest­ and expensive proposition. It may mean ment that we can, in a very real sense, as­ ment. Through tax policy, the take-home committing personnel to a foreign country; sure our national security. The concept of profit for foreign investment can be en­ it means putting your foreign operations national security has meaning, of course, hanced and, in addition, the investor can be under the sometimes uncertain tax policies only in the context of the threats and dan­ encouraged to commit his earnings from for­ of a foreign sovereignty. It also means some gers that beset us. It is World War I think­ eign operations to new investment. uncertainty as to whether the United States ing at its worst that defines national se­ I know that there is a view held in some tax benefits will continue to be enjoyed. As curity as the maintenance of economic iso­ quarters that the tax system is not an appro­ you know, some of the advantages of a lationism. In a world where the military priate instrument to use to achieve public foreign base corporation depend on regu­ threat is one posed by thermonuclear weap­ policy objectives. I regard that as an un­ lations of the T~easury Department. ons delivered by intercontinental ballistic duly sterile approach to tax policy. It is These could presumably be revised at some missiles, if a full-scale war ever gets started, clear to begin with that our system of taxa­ time in the future. Moreover, some com­ it will be decided in a matter of days. The tion does, in fact, impart willy-nilly incen­ mentators have been casting sidewise target of our enemies will te continental tives and disincentives to certain types of glances at foreign base corporations and United States. We enjoy no military iso­ economic activity and business pursuits. suggesting that these are nothing more than lation. How can we bemuse ourselves with Any system of taxation is bound to. tax evasion propositions. By providing ex­ economic isolation? No, even on purely Moreover, there have been consciously plicitly in U.S. statute for the foreign busi­ military grounds, this kind of national se­ built into the tax system incentives of ·one ness corporation and by according status and curity thinking is a phony, at best, and sort or another. The real question is wheth­ permanency to the privilege of tax deferral dangerous, at worst. The danger stems from er any particular change in tax policy that and the other collateral tax advantages, a the fact that this attitude shows no com­ is proposed will be successful in accomplish­ great deal of the uncertainty that presently prehension of what the real issues are and ing a legitimate and desired goal. I think exists would be dispelled as would a good what we must do to wage the cold, nonshoot- tllat in the case of private investment, be­ deal of the inconvenience and expense of ing, war that we are already in. . cause we want such investment to continue foreign incorporation. What we must do and I think, if we ap­ to be private, tax reform is in many respects Thus, there are, it seems to me, tangible ply ourselves, can do very well indeed is to the only good and effective instrument we advantages to the American business en­ give our kind of economic system a chance have. Now, even aside from the question of gaged in foreign operations to be found in to work its wonders throughout the world. providing tax incentives to private foreign the foreign business corporation proposal. We must realize that unlike the Soviet investment, it would seem to me that our tax I think that it is as well an important and Union that can mobilize all its resources system as it applies to foreign source income effective stimulus to expand private foreign through the state by engaging in state could stand reform on equity grounds alone. investment. Recent Department of Com­ trade and aid activities, because we believe The operation of the foreign tax credit merce studies have shown that something in free enterprise, the role of government limitation is an example of this. It is a in excess of 50 percent of the earnings from in our society is necessarily limited. That h appy coincidence that in suggesting intelli­ foreign operations are retained for reinvest­ makes it all the more important that we use gent tax reform we can accomplish both the ment purposes. governmental policy properly to produce the objectives of bringing greater equity into the Tax de:(erral recognizes this practice and results we want to achieve. We want to see t ax picture as well as adapting the tax sys­ encourages it by, in effect, giving the foreign the growth of international trade in an in­ tem so as to provide proper incentives to investor an interest-free loan equal to the creasingly free environment. In this way, private foreign investment. amount of income that would have had to we can stimulate productivity throughout As you know, I introduced a bill on the be paid to the U.S. Treasury. the world and thus increase standards of first d ay of this Congress, known as H.R. 5, The provision of the bill contained in sec­ living. By avoiding confiicts over trade which I believe will help accomplish the ob­ tion 3 relating to transfers and reorganiza­ through restrictionist policies, we would jective we have in mind. I want to say at tions should be read in the con text of the avoid some of the most d amaging blows to the start that while I believe H.i-. 5 to be foreign business corporation prov1s10ns. amity and cooperation among the free world a good bill, soundly conceived, an!l one that This provision would permit the transfer of countries. will bring important benefits, it'l is by no property from a U.S. corporation to a foreign We seek the expansion of private invest­ means perfect in every det ail. Some changes corporation wit hout any tax penalties re­ ment. Private investment through the capi­ have already been brought to myl attention sulting from the. transfer. Thus, foreign tal and techniques that it employs is the that may well deserve incorporatfon in the operations presently organ ized in the branch engine of economic growth. Through its bill. Most of these have been of ~a compli­ form can move into a foreign corporation growth we look to the expanded use of eco­ cated teclmical nature and have to be given and enjoy the advantages that that form nomic resources throughout ~he world and careful scrutiny. The essential th~ ng to my of enterprise may afford. I would expect that is the essential base for economic mind is to strike a balance by including, as that in many instances the foreign branch progress. I believe I did in H.R. 5, provisions that are activities would be shipped into the foreign I want to concentrate today on private realistic and effective. I am sure that not business corporation. Since these are tran s­ investment policy since this seems to me to everyone in the business community would fers entirely between domestic corporations, be a critical area from the point of ·view of feel that H.R. 5 does everyt hing that he feels no tax consequences wou ld, of course, arise Government policy today. That is not to is necessary, but I would suggest to such and, therefore, no special legislation is re­ s J.y that trade policy is not significant or people that they realize that we may be in quired. t hat there ~s not an intimate relationship danger of accomplishing nothing if we seek There is one respect in which section 3 b et ween trade and investment pol.icy. .I to accomplish everything. That would be as of the bill that - I have been referring to think there is, but we have an established foolish as throwing out the baby with the might very well be changed. As it presently tr_ade policy. Last_yea;r _the trade agreements bath water. · stands, it does not permit the liquidation, legislation was renewed for ,an unprecedented . The principal provision of H .R. 5 is that say, of -a Panamanian corporation .and the 4-year period. We are, however, deficient as establishing a special class of domestic corpo- tax-free transfer of the assets of such corpo- 1959 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE 2961 ration to the foreign business corporation. it avoids the very important criticism that Alabama Delegation Urges Consideration To the extent that we wish to have the for­ can be directed at tax sparing through eign business corporation form used instead treaties, namely, the circumvention of con­ of Coosa-Alabama River Development of a foreign holding company, where the gressional authority in the field of taxation. investor decides to liquidate his foreign base In addition, under a general legislative man­ corporation and reorganize his foreign ac­ date, the Secretary of State would not have EXTENSION OF REMARKS t ivities under the foreign business corpora­ to negotiate complicated and time-consum­ OF tion, he should be permitted to do so without ing tax treaties. He could, if he wished incurring tax liabilities. merely certify unilaterally which foreign tax HON. KENNETH A. ROBERTS Section 4 of the bill extends, with very sparing legislation would be accorded the OF ALABAMA minor modifications, the present Western treatment provided for. Alternatively, he IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Hemisphere trade corporation provisions and could use this general authority to negotiate -the consequent tax advantages to foreign executive agreements in order to obtain re­ Wednesday, February 25, 1959 source income without regard to the geo­ ciprocal benefits. Such agreements are Mr. ROBERTS. Mr. Speaker, the de­ graphic source of such income. The exten­ simpler to negotiate and do r_ot require the velopment of the Coosa-Alabama River sion of Western Hemisphere trade corpora­ advice and con.sent of the Senate. Thus, tion treatment to the Eastern Hemisphere the tax sparing provision of section 6 con­ system has been authorized for some 14 seems to me to be entirely reasonable. In tinues the principle of selectivity inherent in years. An item in the Public Works Ap­ 1942 when the Western Hemisphere trade section 4 and gives it broader scope. propriation Act, 1956, 84th Congress, corporation provision· was first enacted, there Sections 5 and 6 of the bill are provisions called for a comprehensive investigation may have been special considerations of for­ that can be supported on equity grounds, of the entire river system. An interim eign economic policy favoring special treat­ pure and simple. Affording the taxpayer the report has been submitted to the Board ment to Western Hemisphere trade and in­ option to choose between the country-by­ of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors. vestment. country limitation and an overall limitation Today, the Western Hemisphere does not on the amount of tax credit he can take However, the Board has not scheduled stand in a unique position with respect to against his U.S. tax liability, would give this report for its next meeting in March the rest of the world. Increasingly, our for­ effect to the principle of equality of treat­ of this year. Inasmuch as this project eign economic policy objectives h ave come to ment on which the foreign tax credit pro­ has been authorized and a favorable re­ comprehend the entire free world. To im­ visions are based. At present, under the ex­ port submitted to the Board and since plement these broader objectives, it is ap­ isting country-by-country limitation, for­ this project has been inserted as a Sen­ propriate to generalize what has hitherto been eign source income can be subject to a ate amendment to the Public Works Ap­ very special treatment. higher rate of taxation than domestic source propriation Act for the past 3 years, the Tax reduction, of course, has a very direct income of an equal amount. By permitting effect on increasing the profitability of for­ the option of an overall limitation, this in­ Members of Congress affected by this eign operations, and it is for this reason that equity would be removed in those instances project have submitted a letter to the it is perhaps the most potent tool in the tax where the taxpayer derives foreign source in­ Chairman of the Board, Gen. Walter K. arsenal. It must be recognized, however, come from other countries where he has un­ Wilson, Jr., requesting the Board to that the revenue consequences of across-the­ used tax credits. Section 7 similarly rectifies schedule this project for the March meet­ board tax reduction are more serious than of an inequity in present law relating to the ing. Under unanimous consent I ask other proposals, and for this reason, this question of gain or involuntary conversion of that this letter be printed in the RECORD: provision of my bill is likely to occasion the property of foreign subsidiaries. There does most opposition. not seem to me to be any good reason why Maj. Gen. WALTER K. WILSON, Jr., What I think is not sufficiently appreciated a domestic parent corporation that has in­ Chairman, Board of Engineers for Rivers and about section 4 is that any tax reduction is sured the property of its wholly-owned for­ Harbors, Office, Chief of Engineers, T-7~ not, in effect, an across-the-board reduction. eign subsidiary must pay a tax on the in­ Gravelly Point, Va. A 14-point reduction will not yield 14 points surance proceeds if the property of that sub­ DEAR GENERAL WILSON: We, the Under­ of tax abatement on all foreign source in­ sidiary is involuntarily destroyed or con­ signed Members of Congress, respectfully come. In those cases where the foreign tax verted. This contingent ~ax penalty that urge that the Board of Engineers for Rivers rate is above 38 percent, the amount of the may arise against the domestic parent de­ and Harbors consider the report on naviga­ abatement will be commensurately less. ters investment in those countries in which tion plans for the Coosa-Alabama River sys­ What is significant, however, is that, by and it is either impossible or difficult to secure tem at their meeting early in March of this large, the lower tax rates are found in the adequate insurance coverage and where, as a year. less developed countries. result, the domestic parent must insure the It is realized that the agenda for this meet­ Hence, the maximum benefits from the property involved. ing has been established. However, due to 14-point tax reduction will be enjoyed on in­ H.R. 5 in itself represents, I firmly believe, the importance of the development of the come earned in such countries. The 14-point a balanced and moderate proposal for tax Coosa-Alabama River system and · in con­ proposal, therefore, has in practice a selective reform in the field of foreign source income formance with the remarks of President effect, and it is a selective effect which coin­ that I am confident would go a long way in Eisenhower in his state of the Union message cides with the high priority objectives of providing the kinds of incentives that are in 1955 indicating that the plan for the de­ public policy in the field of private invest­ necessary in order to promote the expansion velopment of this waterway is the kind of ment; namely, the stimulation of private in­ of private foreign investment. There really partnership he would like to see, we urgently vestment in the less developed areas of the is nothing startlingly new or revolutionary request that this report be placed on the world. about these proposals. In fact, they have agenda for consideration at the March meet­ Skipping section 5 for a moment and been under consideration for some years. I ing of the Board. turning to section 6, the section relating to am persuaded of one thing, however: The As you undoubtedly know, the develop­ tax sparing, this provision takes account of time has come to do something about the ment of the Coosa-Alabama was authorized the fact that even in many underdeveloped subject. We can no longer afford the vacil­ in the 79th Congress in 1945, including con­ countries tax rates are high and present a lation and delay that has characterized dis­ struction of a multipurpose dam at Miller's barrier to the expansion of investment. If cussions of public policy in this critical area. Ferry and two other dams on the Alabama underdeveloped countries wish to enact I am encouraged to learn that the public River. Since that time a private concern, incentive tax legislation in order to foster advisory groups established to advise the the Alabama Power Co., has begun a multi­ private investment, they should be encour­ President in this field will come forward with million-dollar series of dams on the upper aged to do so. The operation of our foreign const ructive recommendations in the tax stretches of the waterway. The Federal Gov­ tax credit system, however, at present frus­ field. We, of course, have to wait for the ernment has not kept pace, and the wox:k on trates the achievement of such an objective. publication of these reports and findings in the Alabama River remains unstarted. To the extent that foreign tax rates are order to ascertain what these specific pro­ An item in the Public Works Appropriation lowered, the U.S. tax liability of the U.S. tax­ posals are. But I am encouraged by the Act, 1956, Public Law 163, 84th Congress, payer is generally increased. The Treasury initial evidence, at least, that the adminis­ called for a comprehensive investigation of and State Departments have been much in­ tration in Washington is bestirring itself, the entire Alabama-Coosa River. In partial terested in this problem and have recom­ and I hope that a good conclusion will come response to this act, an interim report was mended the use of tax treaties containing out of these efforts. prepared by the division engineer, South At­ tax-sparing provisions as the appropriate Meanwhile, it is up to the business com­ lantic Division, and was forwarded to the solution. munity, alert businessmen such as yourselves, Chief of Engineers early last fall. This re­ H.R. 5 suggests, as an alternative, that who are concerned with private enterprise port indicates that the reporting officers have there be a legislative mandate to recognize and our foreign economic policy, who are found that the estimated benefits exceed the l.ncentive tax sparing by foreign countries as acutely aware of the challenges that confront estimated cost and early construction of the taxes paid for the purpose of the u .s. for­ us, to work unstintingly for the development project is warranted. eign tax credit. Embodying this policy in of sound and constructive policy in this area. We realize that, while there is only a short legislation seems to me to have many vir­ In the final analysis, you are the people who time prior to the Board meeting in March to tues. The principal one, of course, is that will decide what our country will do. conEider and analyze the data submitted, w 2962 CONGRESSIONAL 'RECORD - - HOUSE February 25 believe that the importance of this project were heard whining below, where, it is pre­ dent, and commands us to nreasure our ac­ makes it imperative that action be taken sumed, they went to get fresh air. tions against them. which will permit the start of construction Jimmy prevailed upon his father and two This d ay is one for frank talk. at the earliest possible date. of his friends, William Filsinger and Noah And I am going to talk frankly to you this Sincerely yours, Shroyer, to lower him into the air shaft on a evening. LISTER HILL, U.S. Senator; JoHN SPARK• rope-a distance of some 50 feet from the We must face facts in the same way that MAN, U.S. Senator; ERWIN MITCHELL, surface-to try to save the dogs. Reluc­ Mr. Catton's brilliant oration has told us that FRANK BOYIUN, GEORGE GRANT, ALBERT tantly, the men acceded to the wishes of the Lincoln faced them. RAINS, KENNETH A. ROBERTS, l\RMISTEAD boy, and he went down into the abandoned Lincoln knew that victory, to be mean­ SELDEN, GEORGE ANDREWS, ROBERT E. pit, where weakened timbers could have sent ingful, had to be of the people-by a party JONES, CARL ELLIOTT, GEORGE HUDDLE• tons of rock and earth tumbling in upon that showed clearly that it was for the peo­ STON, Members of Congress. him. Jimmy put the joyous pups in burlap ple-all of the people. bags and the men pulled them to the sur­ In the same way, if we are to win in 1960-­ face. and we can win in 1960-it must also be a Jimmy lives at Eckhart with his parents, triumph by the people and in their interest. and is student manager of the Beall High There is no greater issue upon which Boyhood Heroism football team. He is advisor to the Eckhart Republicanism stands more solidly with all Square Circle Boys Club. Americans than that of personal freedom­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS in the field of personal rights, in the field THE ANIMAL WELFARE SocmTY of labor-management practices, in the field OF OF ALLEGANY COUNTY, INC., of sympathetic social legislation that re­ Cumberland, Md. cognizes the need for local initiative and HON. JOHN R. FOLEY Mr. JAMES LEWIS, responsibility, in the field of fiscal manage­ OF MARYLAND Eckhart, Md. ment, in the harmony and balance of big IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES DEAR JIMMY: It is with a great deal of and small governments. pleasure that we, the Animal Welfare So­ The President who wrote the Emancipation Wednesday, February 25, 1959 ciety of Allegany County, Inc., present to Proclamation and signed the Homestead Act Mr. FOLEY. Mr. Speaker, the prob­ you this special award of 1958 in recognition did leave behind him, alive and enduring in lems facing the growth of America are of your courageous act in saving the lives of this party, a veneration for personal rights, three beagle hounds on November 2'3, 1958. and a determination that they shall be pro­ natural subjects of concern for all of us We feel that you are a very worthy recip­ tected. as parents, public officials, and citizens. ient of this award, the first we have ever The dignity of the free human being and Great publicity is given to individual de­ presented anyone. the majesty of· the free human will exer­ linquent acts involving a very small per­ Presented J anuary 26, 1959. cising its own decisions-whether in t:t.e per­ centage of our young people. Very little VIRGINIA B. COBEY, son of a Negro voter in Atlanta, a labor union or no recognition is given to the many WINIFRED A. BIGLER, member in Detroit, a small businessman in acts of heroism which daily are per­ HELEN POWELL WISE, Los Angeles, a farmer in Iowa-is the cen­ formed by a much larger pe:::centage of DOROTHY BORDEN, tral cause of Republicanism. It always has our young citizens. Because of this gen­ Lours B. YoUNG, been, since Lincoln, it still is under President Executive Committee. Eisenhower, and it will continue to be under eral omission, I am proud to bring the the next Republican President in 1960. attention of the Members of the House JANUARY 26, 1959. It is because of our philosophy of personal to a recent act of boyhood heroism by JIMMY LEWIS, rights that Republicans often find them­ Jimmy Lewis of Eckhart, Md. I feel it Ani mal Welfare Soci ety, Cumberland Free selves at variance with the political philoso­ wi.ll warm your hearts and stir your pride Public Library, Cumberland, Md.: phies that cluster together under the expand­ as it did mine. There are many unsung My congratulations for the recognition able label of Democratic. being so deservedly given you this evening Obviously, the most direct application of Jimmy Lewises who daily show kindness by the Animal Welfare Society. Your hero­ toward their fellow man and devotion to the prin ciples of Abraham Lincoln is in the ism and kindness in rescuing Rex, Bing, and area of civil rights, the rights proclaimed 'n the welfare of dumb creatures. Sam is an exemplification of the best quali­ the Declaration of Independence and guar­ In their honor and to the honor of ties of true American boyhood. an teed by the Constitution. Jimmy Lewis, I have inserted the true My commendations also to the individuals Some Americans are now being denied story of the saving of 'the lives of Rex, and organizat ions which have taken due note these personal rights. Reason and modera­ Bing, and Sam, three beagles: of your noble action. tion demand that this denial be brought to With sincere best wishes to you for all PLAQUE WILL BE GIVEN TO EcKHART BoY an end with all deliberate speed. future success. This is the law of the land, and the re­ A plaque will be presented to Jimmy Lewis, JOHN R . FOLEY, quirement of a regard to human dignit y. 17, of Eckhart, by the Animal Welfare Society M ember of Congress. We seek the support of all Americans who for his heroism and kindness in rescuing agree wit h us that none of us is secure in three beagle dogs which were trapped in an our rights while a single American is denied abandoned coal m ine last fall. his r ights. According to Mrs. W. Earle Cobey, presi­ Address by Secretary of Labor James P. They eith er exist for all or they do not dent of the Animal Society, the organ iza­ exist for any, for long. Lincoln reminded tion's executive committee took note of Jim:­ Mitchell at Lincoln Day Banquet, Mid­ us that no nation can endure that is only my's action after a news account of the dlesex Republican Club, Boston, Mass., partly free. This job is not yet finished; it rescue was published. Immediate steps were is ours to complete his work. taken to show him some recognition. February 12, 1959 But, first, we must make certain that our The plaque is to be presented at the meet ­ meaning is clear to all the people. This ing of the society January 26 at 7:30p.m ., in means straigh t forward and hon~ s t cam­ the Cumberland Free Public Library. At EXTENSION OF REMARKS paigns not obscured with issues secondary to this meeting, the annual report for 1958 will OF that of personal freedom. And it means be given and officers will be elected for 1959. good candid ates. Mrs. Cobey, corn_menting upon the award HON. LAURENCE CURTIS Good candidates are essi:mtial. to Jimmy Lewis, recounted the report of the OF MASSACHUSETTS Also essential are the precinct workers be­ rescue of the three beagle hounds, Rex, Bing, and Sam, as it was first recorded by IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES hind them. The recruit-now-for-'60 pro­ Herbert L. Knepp, president of _the Western Wednesday, February 25, 1959 gram, aimed at enlisting 2 million more pre­ Maryland Wildlife Federation. The report cinct workers for the 1960 campaign, is under way. shows that: Mr. CURTIS of Massachusetts. Mr. George W. Lewis, Jimmy's father, was Speaker, the Middlesex Republican Club This party is already on the move to hunting with the dogs when they sighted a of Massachusetts, the oldest Republican victory. huge cat--the kind that goes wild and feeds organization in the United States, was In this undertaking, too, Lincoln sets the on game-and chased it into the mouth of honored to have Secretary of Labor example. the abandoned mine. Fallen timbers and James P. Mitchell deliver the principal He was defeated in 1858. We were de­ rock had so clogged the mine tunnel t,hat the address at its Lincoln Day banquet in feated in 1958. He achieved victory in 1860. dogs were able to squeeze through, but were What can he tell us? unable to find their way out again. Boston on February 12, 1959. He spoke, He offered affirmative programs. · The elder Lewis had almost given the dogs in part, as fo~lows: Looking over an America gripped in the up for lost when Jimmy remembered an old ._ Lincoln Day has always been a challenging most terrible dilemma. it has ever faced, he air shaft that descended to the mine. o~e for. Republican,s, for. it brings_vividly t~ affirmed the fact that,perso.nal rights precede Checking at this point next day, ·the dogs mind the first principles of that great Presi- comfort or expediency. 1959. - CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 2963 He stood up, and against the counsel of whether in education, politics, business or strictly urban with no private residences fear, he asserted the fact that right makes anywhere else. or one-family homes. might. · We have the positive program. And we, how do we look to Ainerka? We have the best way to a new and better The names of the Presidential hope­ Lincoln, in defeat, got his strength to. go America. fuls were not listed on the questionnaire forward from a belief in personal tights. Let our opponents, grouped haphazardly and the constituency wrote in the names We can do the same. · together for mutual self-advantage, paint according to their choice. Twenty-one How does a respect for personal rights, for the distorted pictures and use the distorted and one-half percent selected Senator human dignity, affect our decisions of today? facts and plaster us with distorted labels­ JoHN F. KENNEDY for either President or First, it requires a courageous· determina­ this fact will stand out. Vice President. Thirteen percent se­ tion to maintain the purchasing power of When it comes to personal rights for all lected. Adlai Stevenson. Four and one­ the dollar. Holding the line against infla­ Americans, no Republican owes a debt­ half percent selected Senator HUBERT tion means holding the line against govern­ political, financial, or moral-to any one mental extravagance. It means refusing to group, any one faction, any one system or HUMPHREY. Four percent selected Gov. give way before political pressures. It means organization. The compromises are all on Robert B . . Meyner. Two and one-half creating a stable value in the wages and their side. The implied promise and the percent selected Senator STUART SYMING­ salaries we earn, so Americans can plan part performance is all theirs. TON. Two percent selected ·Mayor Robert ahead. Insurance policies, pension funds, In this respect, we are the majority. We F. Wagner. One percent selected Sena­ savings must be protected against those who are America. And in 1960 our triumph, like tor LYNDON JOHNSON. Twelve and one­ would drive down the value of the dollar Lincoln's, will be a victory for personal half percent selected Vice President by driving up the rate of Federal expendi­ .rights, and for the popular confidence of ture. This takes courage. Pressure groups Americans in the party that respects these RICHARD M. NIXON, and 97'2 percent se- won't like it. But the growth of our econ­ rights as inalienable. lected Gov. Nelson Rockefeller. · omy must have a firm foundation, a founda­ But keep this in mind-to win, we must The choice for Presidency was the tion which assures that the American wage deserve to win. closest with JoHN KENNEDY eking out a earner will be able to plan for a secure Thank you. 1-percent margin over Adlai Stevenson. future. Mr. NIXON for President had a slight Second, it requires that we help the labor edge of 2 percent over Roc~~feller. movement rid itself of the gangsters and This questionnaire was f-orwarded to hoodlums who stamp down the personal the constituency before Governor Rocke­ rights of union members. Who'll Be the Next President? Third, it requires that we help all our feller advocated his high tax program citizens to equal opportunity for employ­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS and reduced exemptions. The atti­ ment and advancement. OF tudes of the residents of the State of Fourth, it requires protecting equally and New York, and particularly in this sec­ fairly all persons at work in an industrial HON. ALFRED E. SANTANGELO tion, undoubtedly have changed regard· economy. OF NEW YORK ing Governor Rockefeller. Fifth, it requires helping all our citizens IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES It is noteworthy that during the last to make use of their right to vote. presidential election, President Dwight Sixth, it requires support for President Wednesday, February 25, 1959 Eisenhower defeated Adlai Stevenson in Eisenhower's policy of encouraging the States this area by a margin of 18,000. The dis­ and local communities to take full responsi­ Mr. SANTANGELO. Mr. Speaker, to­ bility for protecting those rights of all citi­ day more than 15 months before the par­ trict is considered a Democratic district, zens which are not national concern. ties select their candidates for President, except in a presidential election. Ours is no.t a narrow objective-:-we do not speculation is rampant as to who the The strength which Senator KENNEDY seek to build a fence of favors around the next President will be. In the ·18th Con­ showed in the polls was surprising. He undue influence of some parts of our so­ gressional District, I have tried to obtain was clearly either a choice for President ciety. Rights are universal, and our ap­ information in order to · translate that or Vice President, and would, in my opin.;. proach to them is also as wide as American speculation into an informed prediction. ion, prove to be a strong candidate in opportunity. At the early part of this year, I for­ this congressional district. The strength It was this approach that extended unem­ ployment insurance to 4 million additional warded to all the registered voters in my of Adlai Stevenson was only for Presi­ workers, and social security to 10 million congressional area a questionnaire. In­ dent with a small percentage of the more men and women-and began the largest cluded in this questionnaire were the fol­ people selecting him as their choice for public improvement ever undertaken, the lowing questions: "Whom do you prefer Vice President. Apparently the voters highway program. as President of the United States?" and feel that Mr. Stevenson should be presi­ It was this approach that granted the larg­ "Whom do you prefer as Vice President dential and not a vice presidential choice. est tax cut in our history in 1954 and created of the United States?" The contest between RICHARD NIXON the Department of Health, Education and Many replies were returned to me and and Nelson Rockefeller was extremely Welfare. close. During the last New York guber­ This approach raised the standard of liv­ about 60 percent of those that answered ing in this country to an all-time high, fos­ indicated that it was too soon to deter­ natorial election, Nelson Rockefeller on tered an economy that has brought personal mine their choice. The remaining an­ an overall basis won in this congressional income, wages and profits to new and expan­ swers indicated various choices for Presi­ area, losing in the north end and win­ sive levels. dent and Vice President. One can draw ning in the south end of the district. This approach has established a new many conclusions from the answers and The strength that NIXON showed, in my agency for aviation, and a new agency for I shall draw several. opinion, was surprisingly strong. While outer space. In order to better understand the re­ more people favored JoHN KENNEDY, sen­ Republicanism has been a positive and sults, a description of my congressional timent was strong for NIXON. virile force in this country but sometimes I & think we are trying to keep it a secret. district and the economic position of the · Other surveys, such as U.S. News There are new and grave problems ahead residents would be helpful. My district World Report, are based upon prefer­ of us in the fields of education, of defense, c·onsists of residents who are paying ex­ ences of 'particular leaders with votes 'in of international strength, of labor-manage­ tremely high rents and extremely low the convention. My survey. indicates the ment relations. rents. The rentals range from $100 per choice by the people who cast their votes. These things are the concern of most room per month to $5 per room per In view of the large number of people Americans, and they are seeking the right month. Included among them are the who abstained from indicating a choice answers. residents of a great number of low in­ so far in advance, one can readily con­ We have a proud record and we have a come public housing projects. They are clude that the great majority of the vot­ proud opportunity ahead. In looking to­ workers, businessmen, executives, teach­ ing population is undecided at the pres­ ward 1960, ·and beyond, we must remember ers, and many public employees. ent time. that as Republicans, our tradition demands that veneration for the personal rights of all My area is populated probably by the In my opinion, this is the home stretch the people-.:-high or low, white or black, most heterogeneous group in the United and those presidential hopefuls who dem­ urban or rural, rich or poor-that inspired States. There are Italians, Puerto onstrate aggressive leadership and who Lincoln and has animated all our party in Ricans, Negroes, Cubans, Germans, Hun­ are shown by press and television to its·finest hours. garians, Irish, Czechs, and other nation­ possess understanding of our domestic That veneration determines our approach · ality groups. This area is known as East and foreign problems, will be the choice to the solution of any national problem, Harlem and Yorkville. This area is of the uncommitted electorate. At this 2964 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE February 25 point, the people of my area who have recognition to dissimilarities In customs, ple of ditrerent countries. Through scholar­ expressed themselves clearly want JACK history, philosophy, and religion. We mu&t ships and exchange of personnel, through think in terms of· minimizing differences­ on-the-job help when it is most needed, KENNEDY for one of the two highest posi­ however sharp they may seem on the sur­ technical assistance and -cultural exchange tions in our country. face-and maximizing common interests. . together are probably achieving the most I believe it is a little· easier to do this if practical results which up to now have been we remember that our own culture is to a devised for promoting greater well-being very large extent a borrowed one. The among the nations of the free world. Remarks by Treasury Secretary Robert mathematics we use today to send a satellite For long-range stab111ty and improvement into space had its beginning long ago in in standards of living in the less developed B. Anderson, to the Grand Masters of Egypt, in Persia, in Greece. Our art, our countries, however, there must be substan­ Masonry, Hotel Statler, Washington, music, the body of science we build on, all iial capital investment extending over a pe­ came initially from others. riod of years. There must be transportation D.C., Tuesday, February 24, 1959 We have also been givers. Not only our facilities, powerplants, harbor installations, great proponents of freedom and democracy, and industrial equipment of many yarieties. but Edison, Morse, Kettering, Einstein, Salk, Our Government has been a leader through­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS and many other but less well-known Ameri­ out the postwar period in the establishment OF cans have helped change the conditions of and support of financial institutions provid­ life throughout the world. With all that we ing long-term developmental funds of this HON. L. MENDEL RIVERS have given in the past, however, our greatest type. OF SOUTH CAROLINA opportunity may be now, when the aspira­ The Export-Import Bank, set up by this IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tions of millions of people to live better are country in the thirties, has continued since finding tangible expression in many areas the war to provide financing for the export of Wednesday, February 25, 1959 for the first time. American equipment for industrial purposes Mr. RIVERS of South Carolina. Mr. During the past 15 years 700 million people of many different kinds. In recent years its in 20 countries have won political inde­ loans have been largely concentrated in Latin Speaker, under leave to extend my re­ America and Asia. marks in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, I pendence. But this is not enough. Brother­ hood among men is laudable as an ideal. The International Bank for Reconstruc­ include herewith an address made by the To be meaningful it must be translated into tion and Development, formed at the end of distinguished Secretary of the Treasury, terms of understandable reality. Though the war by the allied countries under our Robert B. Anderson, to the Grand much remains to be done the record of our leadership, provides financing for long-run Masters of Masonry, in washington on Government and our people has been a com­ investment programs of various types when February 24,1959. mendable one. I should like to illustrate private investment is not available on rea­ this first _by telling you a story-a true story sonable terms. Recently, the Bank has de­ Mr. Speaker, there is no member of voted its funds primarily to assisting eco­ the President's Cabinet who is more about a llttle village in India which I visited last fall, in connection with my participation nomic development in Asia, Latin America, highly respected, admired, or in whom in the international monetary conferences and Afriea, contributing enormous~y to eco­ the Congress and the public have more being held in New Delhi. nomic development in these areas. The In­ confidence than Mr. Robert B. Anderson. This village was the site of a foreign as­ ternational Bank has had no losses on its Those of us who have worketl with Mr. sistance project, sponsored and financed by loans. Anderson throughout his years of service an American nonprofit institution. There We are hoping that the Congress will as the Secretary of the Navy, Deputy were no impressive structures in the village. promptly authorize the increased subscrip­ Secretary of Defense, and now Secretary There were two Americans giving technical tion to the International Bank proposed in assis.tance. A team of bullocks was slowly the President's message of February 12. of the Treasury, regard him as a dedi­ These subscriptions require no cash outlays. cated American. In his present position movmg around in a circle turning a large arm. Each turn produced 1,600 revolutions The subscriptions to the capital stock of the of world service, freedom-loving people in the apparatus which generated electric­ Banks constitute a contingent liability of look to him for leadership. He is ful­ ity-sufficient for one light in each house all the member governments to meet the filling their hopes and aspirations. at night, and for power during the day to run obligations of the Bank. In this way the The address follows: a small woodworking plant employing 50 13ank is able to secure adequate loan funds people. at reasonable rates of interest in the open ADDRESS BY SECRETARY ROBERT B. ANDERSON market. The same bullock-powered equipment Over 300 years ago, Francis Bacon made The President's message of February 12 this statement: "The true and lawful goal pumped water into pipes which ran along the also proposed to increase our quota in the of the sciences is simply this, that human streets of the village with a tap in front of International Monetary Fund, a companion life be enriched by new discoveries and each house. For thousands of years, the vil­ organization of the International Bank. powers." lagers had traveled long distances for water. :r'his institution makes short-term advances Bacon was pleading with the scientists of Now, they could step outside the door and to its members in order to facilitate the ex­ his day to use their skills in improving the draw water whenever they needed it. More­ over, the excess water went into a reservoir change stability which is an essential con­ ordinary conditions of living. This was a and was sufficient to irrigate 50 acres of land. dition o! healthy international trade. radical suggestion for his time. The new U~like the International Bank, the Fund world was just opening up; the compass >nd By means of a simple mechanism thought reqmres outlays on the part of the member the printing press were just beginning to up by an American agricultural specialist, countries on a quota basis-one-fourth pay­ have their incalculable influence in enlarging the village had taken its first steps toward able in gold, and the remainder payable in not only man's physical surroundings but the twentieth century. Here surely is the non-interest-bearing securities of the mem­ the larger creative environment in which new place where emphasis should be put--at the ber country. The Fund's activities have point where people can be given the means discoveries can take place. • g~own and have become increasingly effec­ Yet how cramped a world this seems com­ of help~~g them~elves through bettering tlVe. To fulfill its obligations properly un­ pared with our own. actual llv1ng cond1tions in their own com­ ?er conditions of expanding world trade, an We live in a period of great international munities. mcrease in the quotas of member countries tension-yet it is a period also of unparal­ The technical assistance programs now in is imperative. We hope for prompt action leled inventiveness and achievement. The progress are, of course, of many different on this request also. scientists of today have made it possible for kinds and are carried on under many dif­ The Development Loan Fund, established us to believe that sources of energy are avail­ ferent national and international auspices. by the United States, has further assisted able which can in time replan most human In every case, the projects are joint opera­ economic development by making loans to toil. For the first time in history, there is tions with the countries concerned. The both governments and private business when United States and U.S. technicians, however, a possibil~ty that conditions permitting the a given project cannot obtain financing from full exerc1se of man's creative abilities can have been in the forefront of all of the efforts the other institutions or from private capi­ be realized for the many, not just for the durin" the postwar period to help people lift tal sources. In some cases, the loans granted few. thems~lves above the level of a bare struggle by this Fund are repayable in the borrower's A great deal has been said about the need for ex1stence and mto a situation where own currency. to accomplish greater brotherhood of man­ backbreaking toil does not constitute the Discussion is now going on within our Gov­ whole of living. While there are honest dif­ kind. Our own order is dedicated to this ~rnment and with foreign countries explor­ principle. But translated into real terms, ferences of opinion as to scope and detail, I mg the desirability of establishing an In­ brotherhood begins with improvement in the would like to mention a few efforts of our ternational Development Association which conditions of living. It begins with getting Nation in helping other nations of the world. would be an affiliate of the International help to people where they need it. Closely allied to the technical assistance Bank. This, institution would supplement For help of this sort to be effective it must programs have been the programs for cul­ the functions of the bank by providing loans be adapted to differences in cultural back­ tural exchange. These are performing the for development which could not be financed grounds as well as in the material conditions immensely important service of making pos­ on hard currency repayment terms. It would of living. We must give frank and honest sible person-to-person contacts between peo- also permit members with accumulations of 1959 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 2965 nonconvertible currencies, to use their ac­ their welfare. The Western nations who are personal tributes, news articles, and edi­ cumulations for constructive loan purposes. leaders of the free world must continue to torials that have appeared in the news­ In addition to the programs already men­ bring out the true facts with respect to these papers and those that were received on tioned, we are engaged at the present time claims. . 1n negotiations with the countries of Latin To do this we have only to note what has the occasion of the farewell public meet­ America, looking toward the establishment actually happened when a country has fallen ing of the India League of America, held of an inter-American b.anking institution under Communist control. on Wednesday, February 11, 1959, at the which would assist economic development in In Soviet Russia, the aristocracy of the Community Church of New York, New the countries of this hemisphere. . Communist Party has been substituted for York City: the aristocracy of the czar. There are some There have been other important govern­ Representative EMANUEL CELLER, of New mental programs which could be mentioned. 200 million people in the U.S.S.R. Out of York, chairman of the Judiciary Committee One which was of immense importance to this number there are something like 5 or 6 o! the House of Representatives, Washing­ the free werld w.as the Marshall plan for aid million Communist Party members. Theae ton, D.C., member of the executive commit­ to the devastated countries of Western Eu­ 5 or 6 million are ruled by a bare handful tee of the league: rope, shortly after the close of World War II. of dictatorial leaders, and these leaders ar.e Through our timely assistance and through subject essentially to the orders of one man. "INDIA LEAGUE OF AMERICA, their own efforts, the Western European From China, we are told that the Com­ "New York, N.Y. countries were not only able to get back munist regime has devoted itself to further­ "DEAR FRIENDS: I cannot tell you how much on their feet, they h ave since come to en­ ing the advancement of man. But what has I regret not being able to be with you at joy a higher standard of living and a bet­ it done in fact? this farewell meeting of the India League of ter level of production than ever befoFe. Families have been ruthlessly torn apart. America. I feel as if I were saying goodbye Likewise, countries in Asia-many of them Vast numbers of people have been herded to old friends by proxy, and that I know newly established as independent nations­ into communes, without the slightest effort is no way of revealing the depth of friend­ h.ave been assisted in their efforts to improve to obtain their consent. ship and regard I have felt for the members living conditions, to put their economies on We hear the Communists speak of the of the India League. I wish I could be with a going basis, and to resist aggression. people's rights under their form of govern­ you to tell you of the personal satisfaction Still another program which has paid large ment. But there are no free elections, in I have gained from my association and par­ dividends in human terms has been our plan any meaningful sense of the term. There is ticipation in the work of the India League. for exporting part of our agricultural sur­ no free press. There is no freedom of be­ "I want to single out from among the plus. Under this program, payment for the lief. There is no freedom of choice to work. many friends in the India League the OJ:!e goods we send overseas can be made in local Human resources are regimented for pro­ with whom I have worked closest and who currencies, thus permitting countries in duction as if they were so many tons of steet has given me so much of his time and need of food and certain other agricultural or coal. thought when there was work I could do as products to benefit from our abundance, The Communists also like to refer in their a friend of India in the Halls of Congress. even though they may lack dollar exchange. propaganda to their respect for the rights of J. J. Singh has been a source of strength and The story of America's assistance to other other nations. But we cannot erase from inspiration to all of us; a man of dedication countries has and should continue to empha­ our minds the tragic fate of the Baltic Re­ to his principles; a sturdy ambassador of size the tremendously important role played publics, of Bulgaria, of Hungary, of Poland, good will for India. I remember the work by American private capital during the past of Czechoslovakia, of East Germany. All we did together in accomplishing the pas­ 15 years and in the years ahead. This capi­ of these peoples have lost the right to di­ sage of legislation that removed the ob­ tal has aided resources for economic growth rect their own destinies. When they have noxious India Exclusion Act from our statute 1n other countries. It has brought to these tried to reassert that right, they have been books and prepared the way for the n.atural­ countries a high degree of technical and cruelly suppressed. We cannot ignore the ization of Indians resident in the United managerial skill which they lacked. It has threats of subversion in other countries. States. contributed to the development of export In contrast, our country has moved steadily "Though he is leaving our midst, I know industries which provide the means for pur­ forward since the close of World War II to that our paths will cross again. chasing needed goods from our own country further the brotherhood of man. Our most "We who are the friends of India wlll not and from elsewhere. valued export is still, as it has been through­ forget for one moment that a crucial role American business today has investments out our history, the concept of freedom and in world history is now being played by the abroad valued at about $40 billion. Each humanity for which our Nation stands. We people of India. India must be given every year there has been a movement of capital can be rightly proud that the first postage opportunity to prove to the world that free­ from the United States to other countries. stamps issued by the Republic of Indonesia dom and economic opportunity can exist For the last 3 years, this annual outflow has turned out to bear the portraits of Washing­ side by side and that it is not mandatory been at the rate of about $4 billion a year. ton, Lincoln, Franklin, and Hamilton, side that freedom of a people must necessarily Under present world conditions, private by side with the founders of the new Re­ exclude its economic well being, or that eco­ investment faces real difficulties. These public. But we can also be proud of the nomic progress can only be made at the stem from frequent political instability, the countless ways in which our sharing of expense of freedom. This is the test man­ threat of aggression, and subversion in some know-how, capital, and just plain frlend­ kind faces in these troubled times e.nd one foreign countries, and the obstacles to capi­ liness during recent years has helped of the most significant of all testing fore­ tal investment in areas where economic con­ strengthen the basis of fellowship and un­ grounds is the subcontinent. It is not a ditions are unstable and relatively less ad­ derstanding throughout the free world. choice, it is a must that we, in the United vanced. For these reasons our Government This is brotherhood in action. States, give economic aid to India, help to ha.s tried to assist the expansion of private increase her trade, and help to finance her investment through such devices as tax trea­ new industries. That we have so far failed ties and guarantees against the incontro­ to recognize the importance of India to the vertibility of earnings and the Fisk of confis­ development of a free society everywhere is cation or possible loss from war. Farewell Appearance of J. J. Singh, "Mr. borne out by the fact tha"b of the $20 bil­ Private capital is a stern analyst. Even India," Before the Far East Subcom­ lion of trade that the Unitea States carries with the encouragement of our Government, on, only $500 million relates to India. Yet private investment is made principally in mittee of the House Foreign Affairs India gives us the mica, the jute, the man­ those countries which are willing to compete Committee To Give His Views on ganese, the spices that we ourselves must for it by th~ establishment of sound fiscal have in the development of our own eco­ policies, adequate protection, and the recog­ United States-Indian Relations nomic and scientific progress. To India we nition of the right of c.apital to earn. Both look for the attributes of charity and com­ the Government and private organizations passion, steeped as she is in spiritual are continuing to have a major role in pro­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS strength. .We in the United States cannot moting the spread of capital and thus insur­ OF afford to take our eyes away from the In­ ing better economic conditions in the under­ dian scene. I have witnessed for myself in developed areas of the world. HON. JAMES G. FULTON my visit to India the heartbreaking prob­ Our Government has also had to provide OF PENNilYLVANIA lems that face her. I have seen, too, the military assistance. This is in our own in­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tremendous work that is being done in the terest, as well as in the interest of friendly villages. The intelligence and sensitivity of nations threatened with aggression. With­ Wednesday, February 25, 1959 her leadership, her men and women of dedi­ out help, the Soviets would have had a clear Mr. FULTON. Mr. Speaker, Mr. J. J. cation and sacrifice have left a deep impress road for the pursuit of their program of Singh, the president of the India League, on me. The· world watches the struggles of world domination. I need mention only the a free people of India and the progress made Near East and you will understand what r is leaving the United States and return­ under that freedom as against the brutal to­ mean. ing to his native India. Mr. Singh, or talitarianism of Communist China. In a One of the favorite themes of Communist "J. J." as he is called, has made many sense then I say-and I repeat-that herein propaganda is the supposed concern of Com­ good friends here. Under leave to extend lies the test tube of whence our civilization munist dictatorships for human beings and my remarks, I include some of the many shall go. CV--188 2966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-. HOUSE February 25 "I shall miss you all, but I must leave you every happiness in your return to your native better than most of us and employed them with the assurance that my work and friend­ land. You have been a real nonofficial but wisely and constructively. You have been a ship for India shall continue unabated. effective ambassador to the people of the good friend and, particularly since your mar­ "Sincerely and hopefully, United States. We will deeply miss you riage to the enchanting Malti, an ornament "EMANUEL CELLER." here. to our society. Justice William 0. Douglas of the Supreme "With high esteem and warm regards to "I know that my colleagues in Time, Inc., Court of the United States, Washington, you and Mrs. Singh from Mrs. Graham and are toasting you and Mrs. Singh at a party in D.C., member of the national advisory board me, our offices in mid-February. I deeply regret of the league: "Sincerely yours, thiit I shall be absent. In case I am not "DEAR MR. SINGH: It was with deep regret "FRANK GRAHAM." back in New York in time to speak directly that I received the news of the dissolution of Dr. John Haynes Holmes, minister emeritus with you, here are my regretful farewells to the India League in your letter of January of the Community Church of New York, the J. J. Singhs, and my hopes that you, as 29. member of the national advisory board of an incorrigible ambassador, will visit us soon "The work done by the organization, and the league: again. particularly yourself, has made a significant "DEAR MR. SINGH : This is melancholy news "Sincerely yours, contribution to the better understanding of you send me in your letter of the 29th­ "HENRY R. LUCE." India by people in the United States. melancholy for us who lose, by your return Senator KARL E. MUNDT, the Senate, Wash­ Through your efforts, many Americans have to India, and are deprived of your presence ington, D.C., member of the national advisory seen the close kindship between the people and work here in the hour of India's con­ board of the league: of your country and ours as we both struggle tinuing need in the vast struggle for inde­ "DEAR MR. SINGH: It is with deep regret, toward our common goals of freedom and pendence, but happy for you and your wife because of conflicting dates out in South peace. who return to your beloved country to serve Dakota in connection with the observance of "My sorrow at your departure from our the great cause there, as, for so many years, the 150th birthday of Abraham Lincoln, that shores is tempered by my admiration for you served it here in America. I cannot be with you for the farewell public your accomplishments. I wish you God­ "Your work here on behalf of India's lib­ meeting being sponsored by the India League speed in whatever you put your many erty has been truly remarkable. You have of America in New York City on February 11. talents to in your native land. functioned in various capacities as scholar, "Yours faithfully, "It is with even greater regret that I teacher, propagandist, orator, and advocate, learned that the Indian League of America is "W. 0. DOUGLAS." of a nation's cause, and all of these upon being dissolved and it is with a genuine Mr. James A. Farley, former Postmaster the highest level of integrity, honor, and sense ·of personal loss that I learned of your General of the United States: resourceful leadership. You have been like decision to return to your native country of "DEAR MR. SINGH: I read with interest and the watchman on the towers, always alert, India. You have served both India and regret the article in the January 18 edition always fearless, militant, and courageous. America well for a long period of time in your of the New York Times relative to your deci­ It's easy to see why we shall miss you, for self-assigned responsibility as 'Indian Am­ sion to return to your home in India after India is still in critical times, and where bassador without portfolio.' 33 years in the United States. shall we look for the guidance and tireless "Knowing you as I do, I am sure that "I can well understand yours and your service which constituted always so large once you are back in India your service to wife's desire to get back to India again not a measure of our own strength? But, as I both countries will continue to be significant only for your own, but for your children's have said, what America loses here is straight­ and that you will do much to bring about sake. You have been a very worthwhile resi­ way gained by India, and thus made a con­ in India better understanding of America dent of our city and have won the admiration tinuing labor on behalf of your heroic people. and ,the free way of life which it exemplifies and respoot of all who came in contact with "I am deeply sorry that, because of illness, and symbolizes. The future of India is with you. I want you to know that I have had I shall be unable to participate in, or even the free world and I know that you ~ill the opportunity to see and visit with you be present at, the farewell meeting arranged bring to the attention of the leaders of and like all of your friends, hate to see you for February 11 next. I take pleasure, there­ India the continuing importance of coopera­ leave. fore, i~ accepting your invitation to send tion with the free world in the development "May I extend to you every good wish for you a message of farewell which, in due of policies and programs designed to prevent success, health and happiness in your home course, I shall forward to you. It has been the further spread of communism, and the country. my privilege to know you and to admire you, dangers to peace which the expansion of "Sincerely yours, and to share with joy in your work. I should communism necessarily provides. "JAMES A. FARLEY." count it my great fortune that, thanks to "With every best wish, I am, Senator J. W. FULBRIGHT, chairman, Sen­ your courtesy, I may send you this message "Cordially yours, of farewell, for which you ask. ate Foreign Relations Committee, the Sen­ "KARL E. MUNDT, ate, Washington, D.C.: "With renewed greetings, and all best wishes, I remain, "U.S. Senator!' "Thank you so much for your letter of the "Very sincerely yours, Han. William M. Rountree, Assistant Sec­ 31st. I regret that you are retiring and re­ "JOHN HAYNES HOLMES." retary of State, Washington, D.C.: turning to India, but you can rest assured "DEAR MR. SINGH: Thank you for your let­ that you have made a great contribution to Mr. Henry R. Luce, publisher, Time-Life­ Fortune, member national advisory board of ter of January 31, 1959. I share your regret a better understanding of your country in that the India League of America has de­ America during these past years. the league: " DEAR J. J.: As I prepare to leave for Ari­ cided to end its long service for the cause "Sincerely yours, of Indian-American friendship. I am happy "J. W. FULBRIGHT." zona, for a period of concentrated reading, thinking, and writing, I learn that in my to enclose a message on the work done by Representative JAMEs G. FULTON, member absence there will occur tlie valedictory the league which you may wish to use at of the House Foreign Affairs Committee, meeting of the India League of America. I the final meeting. Washington, D.C., member of the national learn, too, that you are soon to leave us and "Your own efforts will be long remembered advisory board of the league: return to India. The two facts add up to a and your presence in the United St ates will "DEAR J. J.: As a personal friend, it is a tautology, for it is impossible to imagine an be missed. Even though you are ending your pleasure to add my comments on your valued India League without J. J., and vice versa. work here, I am glad that we will have in contribution to the growing friendship be­ "While I may not have been a regular your person in India a firm friend of the tween India and the United States, which I participant in the work of the league, I am United States who will continue to work to believe will be one of the decisive factors in· proud of my association with it as a member strengthen the bond of friendship between world affairs in the next generation. I do of the advisory board, and I am specifically our two countries. hope that you will keep me advised as a proud of certain of the league's achievements. "Sincerely, member of the House Foreign Affairs Com­ Two examples come to mind. One is the "WILLIAM M. ROUNTREE, mittee, when there are matters which you securing of UNRRA relief for the victims of "Assistant Secretary." think should be brought to my attention in the Bengal famine in 1943. The other is the "To the India League of America: order to maintain this friendship which has act of Congress enabling Indians to become "It is with a sense of regret that I send been growing steadily through such a difficult American citizens. It will always be a cause these farewell greetings to the India League period. for gratification to me that my wife, as a of America on the occasion of its last meet­ "With personal regards and best wishes, Member of Congress, was a sponsor of that ing. The league can be proud of its con­ "Sincerely, law. tribution to the close and friendly relations "JIM FuLTON." "Of course, when one speaks of the India which exist between India and the United Dr. Frank P. Graham, U.N. representative League's activities in these and other good States. I am confident that, even though in India and Pakistan, member national ad­ causes, one speaks mostly of J. J. Singh, who the league itself will no longer exist, its work visory committee of the league: brought the organization to life exactly 20 will be continued by the individuals who "DEAR MR. SINGH: I regret your leaving US years ago. You have been good for us Ameri­ were members of the organization. My col­ and wish you, Mrs. Singh and your family cans. You learned our democratic processes· leagues and I assure you that we will do our 1959 CONGRESSIONAL· RECORD- SENATE 2967 utmost to strive for an ever larger -measure - would tell his people "about the greatness, (From the New York Times, February 18, of friendship and understanding between our kindness and decency of the American 1959] two countries. people." · AN UNOFFICIAL ENVOY "WILLIAM M. ·ROUNTREE, In giving a farewell luncheon for J. J. ·~Assistant Secretary.,, · [From the New York Herald Tribune, Singh, Mayor Wagner has recognized the dis­ Feb. 17, 1959] tinguished part that this unofficial Envoy (From the New York Times, Feb. 17, 1959) · THE UN.6FFICIAL AMBASSADOR • from India has played in the life of our com­ The city bade a fond farewell yesterday to munity. We hope that it is not farewell Sirdar Jagjit Singh, Indian's unofficial am­ Many friends of India will be saddened by but merely au revoir, and that J. J.-as he bassador, who has been supporting the cause the news that, after 22 years of promoting is affectionately known to thousands of of his homeland in New York for the last 33 friendship and understanding between our Americans-will come back to visit soon and years. _ two countries, the India League of America often. Mr. Singh-"sirdar" is a Sikh honorific is being disbanded and its president, J. J. After 33 years in this country Mr. Singh roughly equivalent to "captain"-was the Singh, is taking his family back to India. has decided to take his charming family back guest of honor at a luncheon at the Waldorf­ The league's membership has never been to his native India and to retire there. No Astoria Hotel sponsored by Mayor Wagner large, but its work, largely carried on through one who knows him can accept the idea of and paid for by the Indian League of Amer­ Mr. Singh's personal diplomacy and his tire­ his retiring without the broadest reserva­ ica. Mr. Singh is its president. He is leav­ less lobbying and letterwriting, has, in a tion. He will continue to work on behalf of ing for retirement in New Delhi on March 8. quiet way, helped considerably to bring about his country and on behalf of better under­ Mr. Singh, or "J. J." as he is known, re­ a greater American understanding of the standing between India and the United ceived a scroll from Mayor Wagner citing him vastly important but long mysterious giant States. Perhaps he may even form an Ameri­ for distinguished and exceptional service to of the East. ca League in India, since he was the life the city. The fact that Mr. Singh's departure has and soul of the India League here for 20 years The citation noted that Mr. Singh "has signaled the dissolution of the league is an and as he leaves the India League has dis- accomplished so much in furthering mutual eloquent measure of his personal contribu­ banded, saying "mission accomplished." · friendship and understanding between the· tion to it. The league hopes that another He has been singularly successful in pre­ people of India, his native land, and the organization (Mr. Singh suggests the Asia senting the cause of his people to this coun­ people of the United States, his adopted land Society) will carry on its work. As for un­ try. One reason is that he has understood for 33 years." official ambassador Singh himself, whose re­ and liked Americans and made them like Representative EMANUEL CELLER, Brooklyn turn to India after 33 years here is prompted him. His ubanity, good humor, common Democrat and chairman of the House For­ by family considerations, his enthusiasm re­ sense, and patriotic devotion have endeared eign Relations Committee, praised his old mains undimmed, and it perhaps is not too him to everyone who had reason to know friend for his efforts at United States-Indian much to hope that he will be as effective an him. understanding even during dark periods. interpreter of the United States to his coun­ J. J. Singh has been an honor to India Mr. Singh, who said that he considered trymen as he has been an interpreter of and a most pleasant vistor here. More like himself a New Yorker, promised that he India to Americans. him would do us all good.

REPORT ON PARTICIPATION IN IN­ Despite the need to concentrate on SENATE TERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY initial organizational matters, the Agency AGENCY-MESSAGE FROM THE made ·considerable progress, during the THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 26, 1959 PRESIDENT (H. DOC. NO. 85) few months of 1957 that it was in exist­ The Chaplain, Rev. Frederick Brown The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid be­ ence, in developing its substantive pro­ Harris, D.D., offered the following for the Senate the following message gram through the creation of a fellow­ prayer: from the President of the United States, ship and scholarship fund and initial which, with the accompanying report, consideration of offers of fissionable ma­ .Our Father, in all the bewilderment terials. of the world's fiery strife, our burdened was referred to the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy: Since substantial progress was made hearts seek the quiet sanctuary of Thy toward completing the organizational healing presence. To the Congress of the United States: phase of the Agency's activities in 1957, In these sacred weeks of meditation I transmit herewith, pursuant to the it was anticipated that increasing att.en­ and introspection over which is the International Atomic Energy Agency tion would be given in 1958 to matters shadow of a waiting cross, grant us the Participation Act, the first annual re­ involving the Agency's program. grace to heed the summons to spiritual port covering the U.S. participation in The first Director General of the discipline; to the development of inner the International Atomic Energy Agency Agency is Mr. W. Sterling Cole, formerly strengtp, and to the nurture of the flow-· for the year 1957, in addition to the U.S. a distinguished Member of the Congress, ering plants of reverence and of a child­ participation in the Agepcy's Prepara­ who relinquished his seat in the House iike trust. tory Commission, which functioned from of Representatives to assume the respon­ Thou only art our strong tower and October 26, 1956, to October 1, 1957. sible position of chief administrative sure defense amid the flood of mortal ills I do so with great satisfaction because officer of the Agency. The United States prevailing. Though the host of a pagan the establishment of the International remains pledged to make every effort to cult encamp against us, in this will we be Atomic Energy Agency resulted from assist the Agency in achieving its high confident: Thou makest the devices of this Government's initiative in 1953 in purpose. the wicked of none effect; for the counsel calling for an international cooperative DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER. of the Lord standeth forever, the thought program to bring the incalculable bene­ THE WHITE HOUSE, February 25, 1959. of His loving heart to all generations. fits of the peaceful uses of atomic energy 0 Master Divine, in all the strife of to all mankind and to prevent the diver­ these dark days, keep our hearts with sion of fissionable material from peace­ MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE Thee. Amen. ful to destructive purposes. A message from the House of Repre­ The work of the Preparatory Commis~ sentatives, by Mr. Maurer, one of its reading clerks, notified the Senate that, THE JOURNAL sion and the initial activities of the Agency itself were necessarily concerned pursuant to the provisions of section 6, On request of Mr. MANSFIELD, and by with administrative problems. These in­ Public Law 754, 8lst Congress, the unanimous consent, the reading of the cluded organization and recruitment of Speaker had appointed Mr. STAGGERS, Journal of the proceedings. of Monday; staff; initial financing and the scale of of West Virginia, and Mr. MERROW, of February 23, 1959, was dispensed with. contributionS; and establishing appro­ New Hampshire, as members of the Fed­ priate relations with the United Nations eral Records Council, on the part of the and other international organizations House. MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT concerned v;ith the peaceful uses of The message also notified the Senate . Messages in writing f~~in· the Pre~ident atomic energy. . In addition, it was nec­ that,.pursuant to the provisions of sec­ of the United States were. communicated essary to outline a ,meaningful and real­ tion 601, Public Law 250,· 77th Congress,. to the Senate by Mr. Miller, one of his istic prograi:ri. for ·the Agency to under­ the Speaker had appointed Mr. SIMPSON secretaries. take in its early years. of Pennsylvania as a member of the