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BIODIVERSITY CASE STUDY Company: Carmeuse Location: Belgium Objective The recolonisation of Carmeuse quarry sites by the Eurasian Eagle Owl. Context The Eurasian Eagle Owl (bubo bubo) is an impressive species both because of its size (nearly 80 cm tall and weighing 3 kg for the female adult) and its appearance (speckled plumage, large crest, bright orange pupils). It had totally disappeared from our regions after the Second World War and made a timid re- appearance in the eastern part of Belgium in the early 1980s. It appears that these first Eurasian Eagle owls come from Germany and the Central Eastern countries; they then gradually recolonised sites in the south of the country. Solution For several years, Carmeuse Belgium has studied the development of the flora and fauna in its quarries, both in activity and after rehabilitation. Carmeuse is particularly careful to create favourable conditions for the creation of new habitats. The scientists with whom Carmeuse works closely have ringed a number of young owls in order the study the development of the population and to follow the movements of these superb nocturnal raptors. This operation was carried out in partnership with researchers from the Royal Natural Sciences Institute of Belgium, who are very familiar with climbing techniques as well as the very delicate technique of handling these birds. Result The first observation on a Carmeuse site was conducted at the Frasnes quarry in May 1987. Since then, the species has recolonised several quarry sites, including every Carmeuse site in Belgium. Thus in 2008 seven nests were recorded in our Belgian quarries, both active and closed. These observations, made by specialists, have enabled us to count ten juveniles which, once fledged, will continue the recolonisation of the country by this fabulous bird. This rate of frequentation of our sites is particularly high. No less than 10 % of the Belgian population of Eurasian Eagle Owls have chosen to breed in our quarries – one Belgian owl out of ten is 'Carmeusian'! Partners Royal Natural Sciences Institute of Belgium BIODIVERSITY CASE STUDY Company: Carmeuse Country: Belgium Title Preserving and developing a sand martin population on an industrial site. Context The quarry of Frasnes produces industrial limestone for several applications such as sugar industry, construction, glass, …The plant includes a large pond for water clarification with fine limestone piles nearby. The quarry provides alternative nesting areas for this swallow which is very sensitive to habitat (river banks) degradation. Solution In partnership with a local birds specialist NGO, the Company helped to develop an artificial colony in an exhausted part of the quarry. During each winter, the nesting area is refreshed or repaired in order to receive the birds returning from Africa in April. Result This sand martins colony is now the biggest in Belgium with more than 200 nests. It gives birds specialists the opportunity to closely follow the evolution of swallows via capture and ringing of the birds. Partners ASBL “Les Bocages”, Frasnes‐lez‐Couvin, Belgium BIODIVERSITY CASE STUDY Company: Carmeuse Location: Seilles, Belgium Objective Conversion of a quarry into a natural zone, while maintaining and increasing biodiversity. Context Carmeuse has operated the Moha site since the early years of the 20th century. The rule has always been that sites are rehabilitated as extraction progresses. After exploitation (in 1972), the site of the Vallêche pond beside the Mehaigne was used as a slag pond: the sides of the pond were raised as it was filled with the deposits of clay. The banks were replanted at the same time. Solution At the end of its use as a slag pond in the late 1980s, a wetland area was maintained on part of the site, the remainder being replanted with trees of different species. Over time, human intervention was required to enable the site to maintain its current character. Apart from the traditional maintenance of a wooded area, these works included: . Fighting the lowering water level, which entailed sealing the banks; . Preventing an anarchic growth in carp numbers; . Controlling the reed bed which tended to invade the entire pond. Result Today the site is home to interesting wild life: eagle owls, grey herons, song thrushes, little grebes, slow worms, green and common frogs, etc. This experience shows the scope of rehabilitation to create significant biodiversity. However, this is not possible without human intervention and monitoring, and sometimes requires the adaptation of planting to suit the area (in particular the choice of species). In the region, this type of pond is a valuable substitute for the sugar refinery ponds which have now disappeared, and is often used by resting migratory birds. BIODIVERSITY CASE STUDY Company: Hoffmann Mineral Country: Germany Title Expansion of a network of biotopes for amphibians especially the Yellow‐bellied Toad (Triturus Variegata)* and Greated Crested Newt (Triturus cristatus)*, both classified as endangered to critically endangered species. Context The company, extracting Neuburg silicious earth since 1963, after recultivating, developes shallow pools for collecting surface water on the unstructured soil to establish long‐term biotopes on crude soil and preserve them at early stages of natural succession what is crucial to reproduction of bombina variegata. At later stages Triturus © www.herpetofauna.at cristatus finds its place beside the earlier entering Trituris alpestris, Trituris vulgaris and European trea frog. Solution To develop a sustainable network of shallow pools for the reproduction of bombina variegata. Suitable biotopes are found in present open pit mines, on recultivated former exploitation sites and also in between. © www.herpetofauna.at Result Over a large area the network is already established. Partners Amphibian specialist BUND Bavaria. ETUDE DE CAS SUR LA BIODIVERSITE Société/Groupe : AGS (filiale d’IMERYS) Localisation: Carrière de Jard, Saint-Pierre-du-Palais(17), France Titre Etude d’espèces colonisatrices et mesures compensatoires Lac de Jard Contexte AGS a exploité la carrière de Jard située dans le département de Charente Maritime dans les années 1970. Elle se situe au Sud-est d’Angoulême sur la commune de Saint Pierre du Palais. Le site exploitait des lentilles d’argile kaolinitique à teneur remarquable en alumine. Le site se trouve à l’Est d’une ZNIEFF de type 2 et d’une zone Natura 2000 pour la protection des berges du Lary et du Palais, les deux cours d’eaux avoisinants. Les zones humides de Charente sont riches en biodiversité. Cette ancienne carrière, mise en eau dans les années 80, est aujourd’hui une zone humide autour de laquelle faune et flore spécifiques se sont installées. Localisation Piment royal Mesures Plusieurs milieux ont été mis en évidence sur les berges du lac de Jard : -une végétation de type landes tourbeuses et aulnaie a colonisé les abords de l’étang. Le sol siliceux régulièrement soumis à inondations y favorise le développement d’une espèce protégée : le piment royal, plante de la famille des Myricacea. - les berges de l’étang abritent un ensemble de roselière, Cariçaie (plante flottante) et Typhaie (herbes immergées) qui accueillent la Gomphe de graslin (libellule protégée par la directive habitat). - sur les haies à proximité du site, la pie grièche écorcheur (espèces protégée par la directive oiseaux et est répertoriée dans le livre Rouge National) a été observée. Le piment royal a fait l’objet d’étude particulière. AGS a mis en place des mesures pour comprendre les conditions de vie de cette plante et ainsi pouvoir protéger Aulnaie sur les berges de l’étang contenant le piment son environnement : royal Octobre 2009 – MIF –1/2 ETUDE DE CAS SUR LA BIODIVERSITE • L’installation de trois piézomètres a été effectuée pour déterminer les conditions hydrauliques favorables à la plante. De même, un pluviomètre situé sur le site permet de compléter ces données. • Les matériaux issus du forage sont conservés et étudiés pour mesurer le taux d’H₂O du substrat. • La zone a été balisée pour la circonscrire. De plus cette biodiversité est prise en compte pour toute modification de l’utilisation du site. Résultat A terme, les résultats de cette étude pourraient permettre la création d’un site Piézométre et balise naturel pour le grand public. Partenaires • Consultation du Bureau d’étude GEOARMOR concernant les aménagements à réaliser. Octobre 2009 – MIF –2/2 ETUDE DE CAS SUR LA BIODIVERSITE Société/Groupe : AGS (Filiale d’IMERYS) Localisation : Touvérac, Touvérac (16), France Titre Création d’un milieu riche en faune et flore protégées : piment royal, cistude Site de Touvérac d’Europe… Contexte AGS exploite depuis le début du 20 ème siècle les gisements de kaolins en Charente(16) et Charente Maritime(17). La carrière de Touvérac, localisée au Sud- est d’Angoulême sur la commune de Saint-Pierre-du-Palais, n’est plus exploitée depuis les années 90. Cette carrière a été remise en état et forme maintenant une zone humide de 35 ha. Depuis 1995, cette zone a été reconnue ZNIEFF de type 1 et est en zone Natura 2000. Parmi la flore protégée, le piment royal ainsi que la Simethis à feuille plane sont présents sur le site. La faune est de même très variée avec la Cistude d’Europe (tortue), la fauvette pitchou (oiseaux) ainsi que le damier de la succise (papillon). Localisatio n Cistude, piment royal, Compte tenu de l’intérêt de la biodiversité qui s’est développé autour des trois damier de la sucisse, presles bassins, une procédure de classement en Réserve Naturelle Régionale est en cours. Mesures Initialement la zone étant composée de champs et de forêt, suite à l’exploitation de nouveaux milieux se sont développés : • une zone humide est représentée par plusieurs lacs (l’étang de la charbonnière et les terriers des renards et le plus important de Touvérac. • des zones sèches sur substratum sablonneux.
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  • BIODIVERSITY in IRELAND a Review of Habitats and Species

    BIODIVERSITY in IRELAND a Review of Habitats and Species

    ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY An Ghníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil Ireland’s Environment BIODIVERSITY IN IRELAND A Review of Habitats and Species John Lucey and Yvonne Doris ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY PO Box 3000, Johnstown Castle Estate, Co. Wexford, Ireland. Telephone: +353 53 60600 Fax: +353 53 60699 Email: [email protected] Website: www.epa.ie July 2001 BIODIVERSITY IN IRELAND C ONTENTS LIST OF BOXES . iii LIST OF FIGURES . iv LIST OF TABLES . iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . v INTRODUCTION . 1 LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK . 2 HABITATS . 4 Forests and Woodland . 4 Hedgerows . 5 Fen and Bog . 6 Turloughs . 7 Freshwater Habitats . 8 Coastal and Marine Habitats . 8 SPECIES . 10 Flora (Plants) . 10 Fauna (Animals) . 15 DISCUSSION . 22 CONCLUSIONS . 29 POSTSCRIPT . 32 NOTES . 32 REFERENCES . 33 APPENDIX 1 . 38 PAGE II A REVIEW OF HABITATS & SPECIES L IST OF B OXES 1 IRISH GEOLOGICAL HERITAGE . 1 2 CONSERVATION OF NATURAL AND SEMI-NATURAL WOODLANDS . 4 3 BOGS . 6 4 TURLOUGHS . 7 5 COASTAL / MARINE HABITATS . 9 6 MAËRL COMMUNITIES . 9 7 LOWER PLANTS . 13 8 VASCULAR PLANTS . 14 9 KERRY SLUG . 15 10 FRESHWATER INVERTEBRATES . 16 11 MARSH FRITILLARY . 16 12 LAND SNAILS . 17 13 SOME RECENT INSECT AND MITE INTRODUCTIONS TO IRELAND . 17 14 FISHES . 18 15 AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES . 19 16A GREENLAND WHITE-FRONTED GOOSE . 19 16B BIRDS . 20 17 MAMMALS . 21 18 CETACEANS . 22 19 ANIMAL EXTINCTIONS AND INTRODUCTIONS DURING THE PAST MILLENNIUM . 23 20 OVERGRAZING . 24 21 GENETIC RESOURCES . 28 22 THREATS TO BIODIVERSITY . 29 23 CLIMATE CHANGE AND BIODIVERSITY . 30 PAGE III BIODIVERSITY IN IRELAND L IST OF F IGURES 1 FRAMEWORK FOR THE DESIGNATION OF NATURA 2000 SITES .