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Transantiquity
TransAntiquity TransAntiquity explores transgender practices, in particular cross-dressing, and their literary and figurative representations in antiquity. It offers a ground-breaking study of cross-dressing, both the social practice and its conceptualization, and its interaction with normative prescriptions on gender and sexuality in the ancient Mediterranean world. Special attention is paid to the reactions of the societies of the time, the impact transgender practices had on individuals’ symbolic and social capital, as well as the reactions of institutionalized power and the juridical systems. The variety of subjects and approaches demonstrates just how complex and widespread “transgender dynamics” were in antiquity. Domitilla Campanile (PhD 1992) is Associate Professor of Roman History at the University of Pisa, Italy. Filippo Carlà-Uhink is Lecturer in Classics and Ancient History at the University of Exeter, UK. After studying in Turin and Udine, he worked as a lecturer at the University of Heidelberg, Germany, and as Assistant Professor for Cultural History of Antiquity at the University of Mainz, Germany. Margherita Facella is Associate Professor of Greek History at the University of Pisa, Italy. She was Visiting Associate Professor at Northwestern University, USA, and a Research Fellow of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation at the University of Münster, Germany. Routledge monographs in classical studies Menander in Contexts Athens Transformed, 404–262 BC Edited by Alan H. Sommerstein From popular sovereignty to the dominion -
2 the Assyrian Empire, the Conquest of Israel, and the Colonization of Judah 37 I
ISRAEL AND EMPIRE ii ISRAEL AND EMPIRE A Postcolonial History of Israel and Early Judaism Leo G. Perdue and Warren Carter Edited by Coleman A. Baker LONDON • NEW DELHI • NEW YORK • SYDNEY 1 Bloomsbury T&T Clark An imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc Imprint previously known as T&T Clark 50 Bedford Square 1385 Broadway London New York WC1B 3DP NY 10018 UK USA www.bloomsbury.com Bloomsbury, T&T Clark and the Diana logo are trademarks of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc First published 2015 © Leo G. Perdue, Warren Carter and Coleman A. Baker, 2015 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publishers. Leo G. Perdue, Warren Carter and Coleman A. Baker have asserted their rights under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as Authors of this work. No responsibility for loss caused to any individual or organization acting on or refraining from action as a result of the material in this publication can be accepted by Bloomsbury or the authors. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN: HB: 978-0-56705-409-8 PB: 978-0-56724-328-7 ePDF: 978-0-56728-051-0 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Typeset by Forthcoming Publications (www.forthpub.com) 1 Contents Abbreviations vii Preface ix Introduction: Empires, Colonies, and Postcolonial Interpretation 1 I. -
Map 44 Latium-Campania Compiled by N
Map 44 Latium-Campania Compiled by N. Purcell, 1997 Introduction The landscape of central Italy has not been intrinsically stable. The steep slopes of the mountains have been deforested–several times in many cases–with consequent erosion; frane or avalanches remove large tracts of regolith, and doubly obliterate the archaeological record. In the valley-bottoms active streams have deposited and eroded successive layers of fill, sealing and destroying the evidence of settlement in many relatively favored niches. The more extensive lowlands have also seen substantial depositions of alluvial and colluvial material; the coasts have been exposed to erosion, aggradation and occasional tectonic deformation, or–spectacularly in the Bay of Naples– alternating collapse and re-elevation (“bradyseism”) at a staggeringly rapid pace. Earthquakes everywhere have accelerated the rate of change; vulcanicity in Campania has several times transformed substantial tracts of landscape beyond recognition–and reconstruction (thus no attempt is made here to re-create the contours of any of the sometimes very different forerunners of today’s Mt. Vesuvius). To this instability must be added the effect of intensive and continuous intervention by humanity. Episodes of depopulation in the Italian peninsula have arguably been neither prolonged nor pronounced within the timespan of the map and beyond. Even so, over the centuries the settlement pattern has been more than usually mutable, which has tended to obscure or damage the archaeological record. More archaeological evidence has emerged as modern urbanization spreads; but even more has been destroyed. What is available to the historical cartographer varies in quality from area to area in surprising ways. -
Régulus TRAGÉDIE 1688
Jacques PRADON Régulus TRAGÉDIE 1688 Édition critique établie par Andrea Siani Mémoire de master 1 réalisé sous la direction de M. le Professeur Georges FORESTIER Université Paris IV Sorbonne 2012-2013 Commentaire critique Introduction Par quelques ouvrages connus, Si j’ai su plaire à Melpomène, Je prétends que mon Régulus, M’immortalise sur la scène1. Le souhait prêté à Pradon dans cet extrait n’a pas été exaucé. Le Régulus de Pradon n’est aujourd’hui ni lu, ni cité, sauf dans quelque histoire du théâtre classique. Presque un siècle est passé depuis la publication de la thèse de Bussom2 dédiée à Pradon. Entretemps un regain d’intérêt pour les auteurs dits mineurs du XVIIe siècle a conduit à reformuler parfois les jugements hâtifs portés sur ces écrivains par la critique des siècles passés. Toutefois, Pradon est resté à l’écarte de ce procès. Le discrédit qui pèse sur lui n’a pas été allégé d’un brin. Ce poète, venu à Paris de Rouen comme Corneille (mais quelle différence dans leurs sorts !), est encor puni, à distance de plus de trois siècles, pour l’impardonnable acte d’hybris qu’il commit en défiant Racine avec sa Phèdre. C’est bien par cette Phèdre que Pradon a été immortalisé, car la satire méprisante de Boileau a fermé la porte à toute redécouverte de son œuvre. Si un lecteur curieux avait le courage de braver ce Cerbère du Parnasse, il ne serait peut-être pas (trop) déçu. Son regard se poserait sur un médiocre poète, sur des thèmes et des mots usés et fades, car privés de l’éclat que surent leur donner les maîtres du genre, les Corneille et les Racine, sur des chevilles soutenant d’autres chevilles, sur des caractères plats. -
Coriolanus and Fortuna Muliebris Roger D. Woodard
Coriolanus and Fortuna Muliebris Roger D. Woodard Know, Rome, that all alone Marcius did fight Within Corioli gates: where he hath won, With fame, a name to Caius Marcius; these In honour follows Coriolanus. William Shakespeare, Coriolanus Act 2 1. Introduction In recent work, I have argued for a primitive Indo-European mythic tradition of what I have called the dysfunctional warrior – a warrior who, subsequent to combat, is rendered unable to function in the role of protector within his own society.1 The warrior’s dysfunctionality takes two forms: either he is unable after combat to relinquish his warrior rage and turns that rage against his own people; or the warrior isolates himself from society, removing himself to some distant place. In some descendent instantiations of the tradition the warrior shows both responses. The myth is characterized by a structural matrix which consists of the following six elements: (1) initial presentation of the crisis of the warrior; (2) movement across space to a distant locale; (3) confrontation between the warrior and an erotic feminine, typically a body of women who display themselves lewdly or offer themselves sexually to the warrior (figures of fecundity); (4) clairvoyant feminine who facilitates or mediates in this confrontation; (5) application of waters to the warrior; and (6) consequent establishment of societal order coupled often with an inaugural event. These structural features survive intact in most of the attested forms of the tradition, across the Indo-European cultures that provide us with the evidence, though with some structural adjustment at times. I have proposed that the surviving myths reflect a ritual structure of Proto-Indo-European date and that descendent ritual practices can also be identified. -
The Impact of the Roman Army (200 BC – AD 476)
Impact of Empire 6 IMEM-6-deBlois_CS2.indd i 5-4-2007 8:35:52 Impact of Empire Editorial Board of the series Impact of Empire (= Management Team of the Network Impact of Empire) Lukas de Blois, Angelos Chaniotis Ségolène Demougin, Olivier Hekster, Gerda de Kleijn Luuk de Ligt, Elio Lo Cascio, Michael Peachin John Rich, and Christian Witschel Executive Secretariat of the Series and the Network Lukas de Blois, Olivier Hekster Gerda de Kleijn and John Rich Radboud University of Nijmegen, Erasmusplein 1, P.O. Box 9103, 6500 HD Nijmegen, The Netherlands E-mail addresses: [email protected] and [email protected] Academic Board of the International Network Impact of Empire geza alföldy – stéphane benoist – anthony birley christer bruun – john drinkwater – werner eck – peter funke andrea giardina – johannes hahn – fik meijer – onno van nijf marie-thérèse raepsaet-charlier – john richardson bert van der spek – richard talbert – willem zwalve VOLUME 6 IMEM-6-deBlois_CS2.indd ii 5-4-2007 8:35:52 The Impact of the Roman Army (200 BC – AD 476) Economic, Social, Political, Religious and Cultural Aspects Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop of the International Network Impact of Empire (Roman Empire, 200 B.C. – A.D. 476) Capri, March 29 – April 2, 2005 Edited by Lukas de Blois & Elio Lo Cascio With the Aid of Olivier Hekster & Gerda de Kleijn LEIDEN • BOSTON 2007 This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the CC-BY-NC 4.0 License, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. -
The Roman Army's Emergence from Its Italian Origins
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Carolina Digital Repository THE ROMAN ARMY’S EMERGENCE FROM ITS ITALIAN ORIGINS Patrick Alan Kent A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History. Chapel Hill 2012 Approved by: Richard Talbert Nathan Rosenstein Daniel Gargola Fred Naiden Wayne Lee ABSTRACT PATRICK ALAN KENT: The Roman Army’s Emergence from its Italian Origins (Under the direction of Prof. Richard Talbert) Roman armies in the 4 th century and earlier resembled other Italian armies of the day. By using what limited sources are available concerning early Italian warfare, it is possible to reinterpret the history of the Republic through the changing relationship of the Romans and their Italian allies. An important aspect of early Italian warfare was military cooperation, facilitated by overlapping bonds of formal and informal relationships between communities and individuals. However, there was little in the way of organized allied contingents. Over the 3 rd century and culminating in the Second Punic War, the Romans organized their Italian allies into large conglomerate units that were placed under Roman officers. At the same time, the Romans generally took more direct control of the military resources of their allies as idea of military obligation developed. The integration and subordination of the Italians under increasing Roman domination fundamentally altered their relationships. In the 2 nd century the result was a growing feeling of discontent among the Italians with their position. -
SYNOPSIS Coriolanus Is a Tragedy Set in Ancient Rome, Where a Struggle
SYNOPSIS Coriolanus is a tragedy set in ancient Rome, where a struggle for power is being waged between plebeians and patricians. The citizens, suffering from shortage of food, rebel against Caius Marcius, a brilliant general and a rigorous upholderof the virtues and values of his class. Marcius, filled by hs mother Volumnia with such pride that he cannot compromise hs aristrocatic principals, hates the common people, and they inturn hate him. Despite his opposition to the plebeians' demands, the senate allows five tribunes to represent them, including Junius Brutus and Sicinius Velutus, demagogues who despise Marcius. His fiiend Menenius Agrippa, who is popular with the plebeians, tries to mdate between him and the people, but his efforts are cut short by news of impending war: the Volscians, neighboring people led by Tullus Aufidius, plan to march on Rome. Marcius and the other generals go to stop the Volscians. At the Battle of Corioli, Marcius' bravery inspires his troops, and they defeat the enemy. Disdaining both praise and spoils, he is given the honoured title "Coriolanus." On his return to Rome, the senate nominates him as a candidate for consul. To win this ofice, Coriolanus reluctantly follows the custom that the candidate must display his wounds and gain the crowd's support in a public ceremony, and he wins scattered approval. Later, however, Sicinius and Brutus, representing the common people, refuse to endorse his appointment and persuade the mob not to vote for hlm. His friends persuade him that he should try to mollify the citizens, but goaded by the tribunes, he loses hs temper, publicly denounces the people, and is banished. -
L'immagine Degli Equi Nelle Fonti Letterarie
L’IMMAGINE DEGLI EQUI NELLE FONTI LETTERARIE Premessa «I resti materiali e la tradizione scritta costituiscono i fondamenti su cui si ri- costruisce la storia del passato. Senza le parole della tradizione, la storia è come un paesaggio muto. Ma senza i resti materiali essa è come un’eco di cose raccontate e riportate, non viste, per le quali manca il sapore della esperienza diretta. Le me- morie si trasmettono di bocca in bocca, di libro in libro, attraverso le generazioni, soggette a tutte le usure del tempo, a tutte le alterazioni dei narratori; appaiono deformate dalle dimenticanze, dagli errori, dalle aggiunte di fantasia, dalle inter- pretazioni soggettive dei contemporanei e dei posteri. Viceversa l’oggetto antico - se giunge fino a noi e per quanto esso è conservato - costituisce una verità certa, intatta: una testimonianza allo stato puro. In questo senso l’archeologia offre un punto di vantaggio sulla letteratura storica» (Μ. Pallottino, Che cos'è l’archeologia, Firenze 1963, p. 15). Queste parole di Massimo Pallottino ben servono ad introdurre il valore ed i limiti di un lavoro di raccolta ed interpretazione delle fonti letterarie sugli Equi, un popolo che nelle narrazioni della storiografia antica sembra confondersi con le numerose genti di stirpe italica con le quali i Romani dovettero confrontarsi per alcuni secoli prima di imporre il proprio dominio sulla nostra penisola. Sono infatti le importanti scoperte archeologiche succedutesi negli ultimi ven- t’anni nel territorio attribuito dalla tradizione agli Equi (in primo luogo le necro- poli di Riofreddo, Scurcola Marsicana, Borgorose e Cartore), ad avere posto in particolare evidenza la necessità di ricercare nelle fonti letterarie un ausilio per l’interpretazione dei dati materiali emersi dagli scavi. -
Aristocratic Identities in the Roman Senate from the Social War to the Flavian Dynasty
Aristocratic Identities in the Roman Senate From the Social War to the Flavian Dynasty By Jessica J. Stephens A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Greek and Roman History) in the University of Michigan 2016 Doctoral Committee: Professor David Potter, chair Professor Bruce W. Frier Professor Richard Janko Professor Nicola Terrenato [Type text] [Type text] © Jessica J. Stephens 2016 Dedication To those of us who do not hesitate to take the long and winding road, who are stars in someone else’s sky, and who walk the hillside in the sweet summer sun. ii [Type text] [Type text] Acknowledgements I owe my deep gratitude to many people whose intellectual, emotional, and financial support made my journey possible. Without Dr. T., Eric, Jay, and Maryanne, my academic career would have never begun and I will forever be grateful for the opportunities they gave me. At Michigan, guidance in negotiating the administrative side of the PhD given by Kathleen and Michelle has been invaluable, and I have treasured the conversations I have had with them and Terre, Diana, and Molly about gardening and travelling. The network of gardeners at Project Grow has provided me with hundreds of hours of joy and a respite from the stress of the academy. I owe many thanks to my fellow graduate students, not only for attending the brown bags and Three Field Talks I gave that helped shape this project, but also for their astute feedback, wonderful camaraderie, and constant support over our many years together. Due particular recognition for reading chapters, lengthy discussions, office friendships, and hours of good company are the following: Michael McOsker, Karen Acton, Beth Platte, Trevor Kilgore, Patrick Parker, Anna Whittington, Gene Cassedy, Ryan Hughes, Ananda Burra, Tim Hart, Matt Naglak, Garrett Ryan, and Ellen Cole Lee. -
On the Roman Frontier1
Rome and the Worlds Beyond Its Frontiers Impact of Empire Roman Empire, c. 200 B.C.–A.D. 476 Edited by Olivier Hekster (Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands) Editorial Board Lukas de Blois Angelos Chaniotis Ségolène Demougin Olivier Hekster Gerda de Kleijn Luuk de Ligt Elio Lo Cascio Michael Peachin John Rich Christian Witschel VOLUME 21 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/imem Rome and the Worlds Beyond Its Frontiers Edited by Daniëlle Slootjes and Michael Peachin LEIDEN | BOSTON This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the CC-BY-NC 4.0 License, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. The Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available online at http://catalog.loc.gov LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2016036673 Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: “Brill”. See and download: brill.com/brill-typeface. issn 1572-0500 isbn 978-90-04-32561-6 (hardback) isbn 978-90-04-32675-0 (e-book) Copyright 2016 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Hes & De Graaf, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Rodopi and Hotei Publishing. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. -
Livy, the History of Rome, Book I, Chapters 9-13
This ancient account of the abduction of the Sabine women comes from the Roman historian Livy who wrote around the turn of the 1st Century during the Augustan Era. This translation is by Rev. Canon Roberts and is available at www.perseus.tufts.edu. LIVY, THE HISTORY OF ROME, BOOK I, CHAPTERS 9-13 CHAPTER 9 THE RAPE OF THE SABINES The Roman State had now become so strong that it was a match for any of its neighbors in war, but its greatness threatened to last for only one generation, since through the absence of women there was no hope of offspring, and there was no right of intermarriage with their neighbors. Acting on the advice of the senate, Romulus sent envoys amongst the surrounding nations to ask for alliance and the right of intermarriage on behalf of his new community. It was represented that cities, like everything else, sprung from the humblest beginnings, and those who were helped on by their own courage and the favor of heaven won for themselves great power and great renown. As to the origin of Rome, it was well known that whilst it had received divine assistance, courage and self-reliance were not wanting. There should, therefore, be no reluctance for men to mingle their blood with their fellow men. Nowhere did the envoys meet with a favorable reception. Whilst their proposals were treated with contumely, there was at the same time a general feeling of alarm at the power so rapidly growing in their midst. Usually they were dismissed with the question, `whether they had opened an asylum for women, for nothing short of that would secure for them inter-marriage on equal terms.' The Roman youth could ill brook such insults, and matters began to look like an appeal to force.