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2014 Annual Report Volume 1 2014 Annual Report 2014 Annual Report Project Summary Quality of Life Technology Engineering Research Center Director: Daniel P. Siewiorek Co-Director: Rory A. Cooper Lead Institution: Carnegie Mellon University Core Partner: University of Pittsburgh The Quality of Life Technology Engineering Research Center (QoLT ERC) will transform lives in a large and growing segment of the population - people with functional impairment due to aging or disability. Future compassionate intelligent QoLT systems will monitor and communicate with a person, understand her daily needs and tasks, and provide reliable and happily accepted assistance by compensating and substituting for diminished capabilities. Intellectual Merit: Many previous attempts to use sophisticated assistive technology failed for lack of basic understanding of human functions (psychological, physiological, physical, and cognitive) and how to relate them to the design of devices and systems intended to aid people. Whereas the goal of traditional robot autonomy is intelligence to function with minimal human involvement, the goal of QoLT symbiosis is for intelligent systems to function in concert with a person. We have defined a new form of engineering that explicitly accounts for how human-technology interactions govern overall performance. QoLT Perception and Awareness research uses multiple sensing modalities and pioneered the First- Person camera perspective to understand and predict a person’s intentions, movements, activities, and behaviors and to reliably recognize and track everyday objects in cluttered real-life environments. QoLT Mobility and Manipulation research creates techniques to robustly plan handling of everyday objects in near real-time and for inherently safe physical interaction of machines and people, so that robotic effectors touch people gently, even while lifting them. QoLT Human-System Interaction research expands universal design to include self-adaptability to a person’s changing need and capability. It created methods for non-technical support providers to modulate the level of compensation that QoLT systems provide in order to achieve desired clinical outcomes. QoLT Person and Society research brings personal and socioeconomic considerations to the forefront of technology research. It creates techniques to engage potential QoLT users in system selection, design, development and evaluation; it has begun to reveal the individual decision making factors that people use to trade off privacy against loss of independence. QoLT systems respond to the population with the largest variety of functional support needs – older adults and people with disabilities, and for the most diverse needs – everyday life. QoLT system prototypes measure human driving behaviors in everyday settings and give clinicians new tools for instructing proper use of home medical equipment. Through QoLT Testbed Systems that are applied in settings such as senior citizen high-rise apartment buildings, the QoLT ERC not only integrates components and subsystems, but integrates systems with people’s lives. A number of QoLT engineering principles have emerged from the Center’s basic and applied translational research, and successful models for translational research have been proven through the QoLT Foundry, all of which are lowering fundamental barriers of knowledge creation, enabling technology development, system evolution and commercialization. Broader Impacts: The technologies that the QoLT ERC develops will enable older adults and people with disabilities to more independently perform activities of daily living and give them opportunity to participate in society longer and more fully. QoLT will augment the capabilities and extend the reach of professional and informal caregivers, increasing their cost effectiveness and improving their own quality of life. Having more people gainfully employed and reducing the need for or delaying the onset of institutionalization will have an even more profound impact on the national economy. QoLT will transform and eventually subsume the present assistive technology industry, one that is fragmented and composed primarily of very small companies serving a small market, into a space with a large consumer base including the soon-to-retire Baby Boomers. QoLT is an effective platform for industry/practitioner/academic researcher interaction and for engaging the general public in technology research. Since QoLT career and life goals are particularly strong attractors for women and persons with disabilities, a by-product of the Center’s initiatives is increased participation of those populations in engineering and other technical fields. Simultaneously, the QoLT ERC is expanding the pool of engineering students with substantial clinical and socio-economic training and experiences, and teaching them how to collaborate effectively – a difficult-to-overcome challenge in the development and implementation of systems for people’s use. i 2014 Annual Report Executive Summary Achievements Research and technological outcomes – testbed systems • Participants in a field deployment of the Seating Coach had better compliance with instructions on frequency of adjusting posture in their wheelchairs than the control group. They also reported high degrees of satisfaction. (vol 1, section 2.3.4 and vol 2, section 2.7.3) • In our DriveCap Advisor project, we developed smartphone and machine learning technology to identify aggressive driving behavior. A preliminary field study showed it to be 80-90% accurate. (vol 2, section 2.6.2) Research and technological outcomes – enabling technologies • Techniques for recognizing emotion in voice and through facial expressions showed accuracy equaling or exceeding that of human observers. The technologies were integrated into our Stroke Therapy Coach and Health Kiosk system, respectively. (vol 2, section 2.1.3, vol 2, section 2.7.3, vol 2, section 2.3.2) • Incorporating feedback into HERB’s robotic grasping strategies improved the success rate from 61% to 84% of the time. (vol 2, section 2.5.1) Research and technological outcomes – fundamental science • In 2013, we conducted a national web-based survey of informal family caregivers, the majority of whom are adult children caring for an ill or disabled parent. The survey covered current use of technology in caregiving, more general use of technology, general attitudes towards technology, and health of the caregiver. Key findings include high caregiver acceptance of kitchen, personal care, and safe driving technologies and caregivers being much more willing than care recipients to pay for QoLTs out of pocket. (vol 1, section 2.2.3 and vol 2, section 2.3.4) Education and workforce development – university education (vol 1, sections 3.4 and 3.6) • We continued to infuse QoLT themes and principles into design courses offered at CMU and Pitt. Seven design courses involving over 70 students from multiple disciplines worked on QoLT- related projects in the reporting year and many of the projects involved our industry and practitioner partners. • Our QoLT REU program was successfully renewed for its 3rd cycle. One reviewer suggested that we have developed a model REU program for others to follow. • We rolled out a web-based evaluation mechanism for tracking the progress of QoLT students towards achieving competency in six key areas: technical, research, person-centered design, innovation, leadership, and communication. Over 70% of QoLT students completed the 1st round of evaluation. Education and workforce development – pre-college education (vol 1, section 3.3) • Google co-hosted several of our events in this reporting cycle, including job shadow day, black girls’ code, and financially supported our Young Scholars Program through a Google community grant. We anticipate this partnership will continue to grow, allowing us to expand our reach and visibility among the community and high-tech sector in Pittsburgh. • We had 7 participants representing 5 different schools (2 public, 3 private) in this year's iteration of our Research Experience for Teachers program. The teachers’ students participated in a 4- week product development unit that was developed at our partner facility, the Learning Research and Development Center (LRDC). The products developed in the unit were entered in a virtual online design competition. Approximately 100 students competed in the completion, split up ii 2014 Annual Report over 25 teams. Top awards were received by 6 unique teams from 4 different schools (Grand Prize, Peer Choice, Best Design, Best Science, QoLT Award, Best Math). Education and workforce development – general outreach (vol 1, section 3.8) • Our QoLT Ambassadors (QA) extended their effort from developing initiatives within the center to assisting other organizations realize their QoLT program potential: In addition to continued representation of QoLT at public events, the QAs play a central role in the new Elderbots program. This collaborative effort of QoLT, long-term care provider Members, and schools near them, is an exploration of novel ways to use the Romibo personal robot for educational and intergenerational purposes. The QAs have played the key liaison role in this project’s implementation. Education and workforce development – diversity advancement (vol 1, section 3.5) • We expanded our Veteran’s initiatives to include vocational training. • We hosted a “Black Girls Code” workshop, in conjunction with Google Pittsburgh. • With support from Google, we expanded