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Multiphysics and Multiscale Software Frameworks : an Annotated Bibliography Multiphysics and multiscale software frameworks : an annotated bibliography Citation for published version (APA): Babur, O., Verhoeff, T., & Brand, van den, M. G. J. (2015). Multiphysics and multiscale software frameworks : an annotated bibliography. (Computer science reports; Vol. 1501). Technische Universiteit Eindhoven. Document status and date: Published: 01/01/2015 Document Version: Publisher’s PDF, also known as Version of Record (includes final page, issue and volume numbers) Please check the document version of this publication: • A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. 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If the publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the “Taverne” license above, please follow below link for the End User Agreement: www.tue.nl/taverne Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us at: [email protected] providing details and we will investigate your claim. Download date: 26. Sep. 2021 Technische Universiteit Eindhoven Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Multiphysics and Multiscale Software Frameworks: An Annotated Bibliography Önder Babur, Tom Verhoeff and Mark van den Brand 15/01 ISSN 0926-4515 All rights reserved editors: prof.dr. P.M.E. De Bra prof.dr.ir. J.J. van Wijk Reports are available at: http://library.tue.nl/catalog/TUEPublication.csp?Language=dut&Type=ComputerScienceReports&S ort=Author&level=1 and http://library.tue.nl/catalog/TUEPublication.csp?Language=dut&Type=ComputerScienceReports&S ort=Year&Level=1 Computer Science Reports 15-01 Eindhoven, April 2015 Multiphysics and Multiscale Software Frameworks: An Annotated Bibliography Onder¨ Babur, Tom Verhoeff, and Mark van den Brand Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands fo.babur, t.verhoeff, [email protected] Abstract Multiphysics and multiscale modelling and simulation (MMS) is an emerging trend for the analysis and design of complex systems in many domains. As a result, there are an overwhelmingly large number of MMS software frameworks in the lit- erature and market, while a comprehensive account of these is apparently missing. This paper presents an annotated bibliography of MMS software frameworks. A thorough bibliographic search in Scopus has been done, to find out the candidates in physical sciences, published from 2000 onwards. Further cross-references have been investigated to achieve a better coverage. The frameworks have been catego- rized according to their application areas, and annotated with respect to their main features regarding software integration/extension/coupling. 1 Introduction Numerical simulations have been used in industry and academia for a few decades as a computational paradigm for research and development. Recently, and notably after the 2000s, it has become increasingly important that knowledge about various physical phenomena involving distinct space/time scales and scientific disciplines are integrated in an efficient way to promote further advancement [1]. This integrative paradigm is called multiscale/multiphysics modelling and simulation (MMS). It is a general paradigm that applies to many domains in physical sciences involving modelling and simulation, such as engineering, material science, physics, astronomy and environment [2]. Objective. The purpose of this study is to answer the following questions: 1. Which MMS software frameworks exist in the literature and market? 2. What main software engineering mechanisms do they employ to allow integra- tion/extension/coupling, expressed briefly? Related work. There are an overwhelmingly large number of MMS software frameworks in the literature and market, whether developed by small academic groups, open com- munities or commercial institutions. Several listings of these frameworks are presented 1 within the individual papers of the frameworks as related work [3, 4, 5], and in a couple of survey papers [2, 6, 7, 8]. To our best knowledge, there has not been a comprehensive bibliography of these tools in the literature. 2 Method and Results In this section, we briefly explain our method and results. Our method in principle combines Systematic Literature Review (SLR) [9], which involves a database search as a first step, and snowballing [10], which involves inspecting the selected papers' references and external secondary sources as a second step. Search process Following the SLR method, we used a bibliographic search as the first step. We preferred the Scopus database because of its wide coverage of items in various scientific areas and powerful search interface. In general we aimed to reduce the number of articles to consider, while maintaining a good set of articles as the starting point. We used the Advanced Search facility of Scopus to identify potential articles that: 1. have explicitly 'multiphysics', 'multi-physics', 'multiscale' or 'multi-scale' in their title, abstract or keywords, 2. have explicitly 'modeling', 'modelling' or 'simulation' in their title, abstract or keywords, 3. have 'framework', 'platform', 'environment', 'toolkit', 'integration', 'coupling' or 'coupler' in their title, abstract or keywords, 4. are published from 2000 onwards, and 5. are in the subject area of physical sciences as defined by Scopus. This search, performed on 16.02.2015, resulted in 6000+ items. As a next step to further narrow down the scope, we filtered out the articles with less than 0.5 citations per year. We treated the publications of the last two years (2013 onwards) differently; we included them all regardless of their citation count. With this filter we obtained 4000+ items, which arguably contain (relatively) more prominent articles for our consideration. Selection criteria. We did a cross-reading of the titles and abstracts of the selected items to identify a second set of better candidates to examine closer. This activity in turn resulted in 400+ items. We performed a detailed examination, to ensure that article presents software that: 1. is a software framework, rather than a conceptual or mathematical framework, 2. explicitly involves modelling and simulation, and 3. explicitly promotes features of a framework, e.g. extension/extendability, integra- tion, interoperability, coupling, modularity, genericness or reuse. 2 We deliberately excluded the software that e.g. fulfil only two out of three. Among the excluded are commercial tools, which most typically are closed source and monolithic. The first SLR part of our work resulted in 100+ items to be included in our bibliography. Snowballing. For each selected item, we consulted the main article of interest, plus additional resources such as the software website, repository, secondary publications, etc. Finally we checked the references in the related work sections of these articles, and consulted a few additional resources (literature, websites, etc.), to further identify relevant frameworks for our bibliography. As a result of this snowballing activity, we could identify an additional 40+ items, which we added in the bibliography. Final results and annotations. Eventually, we collected 140+ items, namely MMS soft- ware frameworks and important related technologies such as domain specific languages and ontologies. We examined all the relevant material (publications, websites, etc.) for each individual framework, to identify the main mechanisms used for software integra- tion/extension/ coupling. This information was documented in the extensive bibliogra- phy in the form of annotations below each reference. The full list of references at the end of this paper are organized according to the subject area categorization provided by Scopus where possible, or assigned by us after manual inspection. The final categories we chose are: engineering (also including com- puter science/software engineering/mathematics/multidisciplinary, because those areas tend to generic computational frameworks applicable to many areas of engineering as well), physics and astronomy, earth and environmental sciences (merging earth and planetary sciences with engineering), energy, chemistry/chemical engineering, material science, and life/health sciences. Note that although we deliberately excluded life/health sciences from our bibliographic search (i.e. we restricted our search to physical sciences only), we found many of those listed in other domains as well, because of their multidis- ciplinary nature. Threats
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