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Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL ESCOLA DE ENGENHARIA FACULDADE DE ARQUITETURA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM DESIGN Eduardo da Cunda Fernandes DESIGN NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DE UM PROJETO DE INTERFACE: Aprimorando o processo de modelagem em programas de análise de estruturas tridimensionais por barras Dissertação de Mestrado Porto Alegre 2020 EDUARDO DA CUNDA FERNANDES Design no desenvolvimento de um projeto de interface: aprimorando o processo de modelagem em programas de estruturas tridimensionais por barras Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Design da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, como requisito parcial à obtenção do título de Mestre em Design. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Fábio Gonçalves Teixeira Porto Alegre 2020 Catalogação da Publicação Fernandes, Eduardo da Cunda DESIGN NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DE UM PROJETO DEINTERFACE: Aprimorando o processo de modelagem em programas de análise de estruturas tridimensionais por barras / Eduardo da Cunda Fernandes. -- 2020. 230 f. Orientador: Fábio Gonçalves Teixeira. Dissertação (Mestrado) -- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Engenharia, Programa de Pós- Graduação em Design, Porto Alegre, BR-RS, 2020. 1. Design de Interface. 2. Análise Estrutural. 3.Modelagem Preditiva do Comportamento Humano. 4.Heurísticas da Usabilidade. 5. KLM-GOMS. I. Teixeira, Fábio Gonçalves, orient. II. Título. FERNANDES, E. C. Design no desenvolvimento de um projeto de interface: aprimorando o processo de modelagem em programas de análise de estruturas tridimensionais por barras. 2020. 142 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Design) – Escola de Engenharia / Faculdade de Arquitetura, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 2020. Eduardo da Cunda Fernandes DESIGN NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DE UM PROJETO DED INTERFACE: aprimorando o processo de modelagem em programas de análise de estruturas tridimensionais por barras Esta Dissertação foi julgada adequada para a obtenção do Título de Mestre em Design, e aprovada em sua forma final pelo Programa de Pós-Graduação em Design da UFRGS. Porto Alegre, 31 de janeiro de 2020 __________________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Régio Pierre da Silva Coordenador do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Design da UFRGS Banca Examinadora: __________________________________________________________ Orientador: Prof. Dr. Fábio Gonçalves Teixeira Programa de Pós-Graduação em Design da UFRGS (PGDesign-UFRGS) __________________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Fernando Batista Bruno Departamento de Design e Expressão Gráfica (DEG-UFRGS) __________________________________________________________ Prof. Dra. Clariana Fischer Brendler Departamento de Design e Expressão Gráfica (DEG-UFRGS) __________________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Régio Pierre da Silva Programa de Pós-Graduação em Design da UFRGS (PGDesign-UFRGS) AGRADECIMENTOS Ao professor Fábio Teixeira Gonçalves pela orientação, pelo conhecimento passado, pelas críticas construtivas, pela compreensão e pela paciência, com os quais foi possível enfrentar as dificuldades oriundas de um trabalho como uma dissertação. Aos professores Régio Pierre da Silva e Tânia Luisa Koltermann da Silva que, além de participarem da banca, deram muito suporte, incentivo e foram fundamentais para a realização deste trabalho. A banca examinadora, de um modo geral, pelas críticas construtivas e sugestões que permitiram contribuir muito para a qualidade da pesquisa. À Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul e a qualidade do corpo docente do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Design, os quais deram oportunidade e condições para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa. Aos colegas Fernando, Guilherme, Martina, Flora e Felipe pelas conversas e pelo apoio que ajudaram muito na conclusão deste trabalho. Aos meus pais, Martha e Paulo, por todo suporte, amor, coragem, valores e exemplos de vida. A minha irmã Luísa que, apesar da distância, é uma das pessoas mais importantes na minha vida, pelo apoio e pelo exemplo de que, com vontade, atitude, disposição e insistência é possível alcançar nossos sonhos mais distantes. A minha noiva Thayse por me aguentar e apoiar nos momentos mais difíceis. Ao meu enteado Guilherme pelos momentos de distração cujo valor é inestimável. Ao meu sogro e sogra, Sérgio e Emelisa, por todo carinho e por todo exemplo de prestatividade que vejo ser dado todo dia. "O presente trabalho foi realizado com apoio da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior -Brasil (CAPES) -Código de Financiamento 001” RESUMO FERNANDES, E. C. Design no desenvolvimento de um projeto de interface: aprimorando o processo de modelagem em programas de análise de estruturas tridimensionais por barras. 2020. 142 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Design) – Escola de Engenharia / Faculdade de Arquitetura, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 2020. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo criar um protótipo de interface para um software de análise de estruturas tridimensionais por barras, promovendo a usabilidade e reduzindo a carga cognitiva dos usuários no processo de modelagem por meio das heurísticas de usabilidade e da modelagem preditiva do comportamento humano. Para tal, o levantamento bibliográfico compreende temas como Ergonomia, Usabilidade, Modelagem Preditiva do Comportamento Humano, Heurísticas de Usabilidade, Interface Gráfica do Usuário e levantamento de softwares de análise estrutural por barras, através dos quais se busca entender os procedimentos de modelagem estrutural. Para atingir o objetivo geral foram traçados objetivos específicos, os quais consistem na identificação e análise dos procedimentos de modelagem, na verificação de dificuldades de interação e proposição de alternativas para melhoria. A verificação das dificuldades foi realizada através da ferramenta KLM-GOMS (Keystroke-Level Model - Goals, Operators, Methods, Selection Rules), a qual apresenta uma metodologia para mensurar a carga cognitiva, através do tempo de interação necessário, de interação com uma interface para realização de atividades específicas) e das heurísticas da usabilidade. Para tal, foram estabelecidas atividades que deviam ser cumpridas pelos softwares selecionados, resultando em um grande volume de dados. A partir destes dados, forem desenvolvidas alternativas as quais foram concebidas iterativamente, e resultaram em 3 opções: a primeira sugere a mescla dos procedimentos adotados pelos softwares estudados, selecionando-se os que apresentaram os melhores resultados em termos de redução da carga cognitiva. A segunda alternativa abrange esses mesmos procedimentos, porém com melhorias realizadas de acordo com os problemas encontrados através dos tempos mensurados. E a terceira alternativa consiste em considerações de usabilidade, as quais resultam na concepção da reutilização de conceitos e na geração de alternativas diferentes para melhorar o desempenho da modelagem. Esta terceira alternativa da origem ao protótipo que é objetivo da pesquisa. Seu desenvolvimento foi realizado através do Adobe XD, uma ferramenta de prototipagem de interfaces. Durante a criação do protótipo todos os passos obtidos através do KLM-GOMS foram revisados e ajustados, passando de uma ferramenta teórica para prática. O protótipo resultante diminuiu o tempo previsto de modelagem de uma estrutura em cerca de 33% em relação ao melhor resultado obtido pelos softwares estudados. As principais alterações referem-se à interação de modelagem geométrica, aplicação das restrições, e aplicação das cargas. Nessas duas últimas, o resultado foi um novo paradigma de modelagem, o qual apresenta, como principal característica, uma configuração visual e geométrica em detrimento dos formulários normalmente utilizados. Também foi realizada a implementação de catálogos de materiais e seções, os quais apresentam impacto significativo na redução da carga cognitiva. Palavras-chave: Design de Interface. Análise Estrutural. Modelagem Preditiva do Comportamento Humano. Heurísticas da Usabilidade. KLM-GOMS. CAE. O presente trabalho foi realizado com apoio da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior -Brasil (CAPES) - Código de Financiamento 001” ABSTRACT FERNANDES, E. C. Design no desenvolvimento de um projeto de interface: aprimorando o processo de modelagem em programas de análise de estruturas tridimensionais por barras. 142 f. Dissertação Mestrado em Design) – Escola de Engenharia / Faculdade de Arquitetura, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 2020. The present work aims to create a prototype of an interface for software analysis of three- dimensional structures by bars, promoting usability and reducing the cognitive load of users in the modeling process through usability heuristics and predictive modeling of human behavior. To this end, the bibliographic survey comprises topics such as Ergonomics, Usability, Predictive Modeling of Human Behavior, Usability Heuristics, Graphical User Interface and survey of structural analysis software by bars, through which one seeks to understand the structural modeling procedures. To achieve the general objective, specific objectives were drawn up, which consist of the identification and analysis of the modeling procedures, the verification of interaction difficulties and the proposition of alternatives for improvement. The verification of difficulties was performed using the KLM-GOMS tool (Keystroke-Level Model - Goals, Operators, Methods, Selection Rules), which presents a methodology to measure the cognitive load, through the
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