DOCSLIB.ORG

Debating the East Asian Peace

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Debating the East Asian Peace DEBATING THE EAST ASIAN PEACE Bjarnegaard-Kreutz_book.indd 1 12/04/2017 11:09 NIAS–Nordic Institute of Asian Studies NIAS Studies in Asian Topics 47 Saying the Unsayable: Monarchy and Democracy in Thailand d Søren Ivarsson and Lotte Isager (eds) 48 Plaited Arts from the Borneo Rainforest d Bernard Sellato (ed.) 49 Cambodia’s Economic Transformation d Caroline Hughes and Kheang Un (eds) 50 Ancestors in Borneo Societies: Death, Transformation and Social Immortality d Pascal Couderc and Kenneth Sillander (eds) 51 Creative Spaces: Seeking the Dynamics of Change in China d Denise Gimpel, Bent Nielsen and Paul Bailey (eds) 52 Red Stamps and Gold Stars: Fieldwork Dilemmas in Upland Socialist Asia d Sarah Turner (ed.) 53 On the Fringes of the Harmonious Society: Tibetans and Uyghurs in Socialist China d Trine Brox and Ildikó Bellér-Hann (eds) 54 Doing Fieldwork in China … with Kids! The Dynamics of Accompanied Fieldwork in the People’s Republic d Candice Cornet and Tami Blumenfield (eds) 55 UNESCO in Southeast Asia: World Heritage Sites in Comparative Perspective d Victor T. King (ed.) 56 War and Peace in the Borderlands of Myanmar: The Kachin Ceasefire, 1994–2011 d Mandy Sadan (ed.) 57 Charismatic Monks of Lanna Buddhism d Paul T. Cohen (ed.) 58 Reinventing Social Democratic Development: Insights from Indian and Scandinavian Comparisons d Olle Törnquist and John Harriss (eds) 59 Fieldwork in Timor-Leste: Understanding Social Change through Practice d Maj Nygaard-Christensen and Angie Bexley (eds) 60 Debating the East Asian Peace: What it is. How it came about. Will it last? d Elin Bjarnegård and Joakim Kreutz (eds) 61 Khaki Capital: The Political Economy of the Military in Southeast Asia d Paul Chambers and Napisa Waitoolkiat (eds) 62 Warring Societies of Pre-colonial Southeast Asia: Local Cultures of Conflict Within a Regional Context d Michael W. Charney and Kathryn Wellen(eds) NIAS Press is the autonomous publishing arm of NIAS – Nordic Institute of Asian Studies, a research institute located at the University of Copenhagen. NIAS is partially funded by the governments of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden via the Nordic Council of Ministers, and works to encourage and support Asian studies in the Nordic countries. In so doing, NIAS has been publishing books since 1969, with more than two hundred titles produced in the past few years. UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN Nordic Council of Ministers Bjarnegaard-Kreutz_book.indd 2 12/04/2017 11:09 DEBATING THE EAST ASIAN PEACE What it is. How it came about. Will it last? edited by Elin Bjarnegård and Joakim Kreutz Bjarnegaard-Kreutz_book.indd 3 12/04/2017 11:09 Debating the East Asian Peace What it is. How it came about. Will it last? Edited by Elin Bjarnegård and Joakim Kreutz Nordic Institute of Asian Studies Studies in Asian Topics, no. 60 First published in 2017 by NIAS Press NIAS – Nordic Institute of Asian Studies Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark Tel: +45 3532 9501 • Fax: +45 3532 9549 E-mail: [email protected] • Online: www.niaspress.dk © NIAS Press 2017 While copyright in the volume as a whole is vested in the Nordic Institute of Asian Studies, copyright in the individual chapters belongs to their authors. No material may be reproduced in whole or in part without the express permission of the publisher. A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN: 978-87-7694-219-9 (hbk) ISBN: 978-87-7694-220-5 (pbk) Typeset in Arno Pro 12/14.4 Typesetting by BookWork Printed and bound in Great Britain by Marston Book Services Limited, Oxfordshire Bjarnegaard-Kreutz_book.indd 4 12/04/2017 11:09 Contents x Preface i Contributors xi 1. Introduction: Debating Peace, Debating East Asia (Elin Bjarnegård and Joakim Kreutz) 1 2. Peace by Trade (Benjamin E. Goldsmith) 13 3. Peace by International Law (Shirley V. Scott) 36 4. Peace by Development (Stein Tønnesson) 55 5. Peace by External Withdrawal (Joakim Kreutz) 78 6. Peace by Avoidance of Religious Civil Wars (Isak Svensson) 98 7. Peace by Demographic Change (Henrik Urdal) 115 8. The Repressive Peace (Kristine Eck) 142 9. The Unequal Peace (Elin Bjarnegård) 159 10. The Trustworthy Peace? (O. Fiona Yap) 176 11. The Masculine Peace (Erik Melander) 200 12. The Unforgiving Peace (Holly L. Guthrey) 220 13. The Nationalist Threat to the East Asian Peace (Yongwook Ryu) 239 14. The Great Power Challenge to the East Asian Peace (Robert S. Ross) 260 15. The East Asian Peace – Will It Last? (Elin Bjarnegård, Kristine Eck, Holly Guthrey, Joakim Kreutz, Erik Melander, Isak Svensson and Stein Tønnesson) 281 Index 297 v Bjarnegaard-Kreutz_book.indd 5 12/04/2017 11:09 Debating the East Asian Peace List of Figures 0.1 Map of East Asia viii 1.1. Global estimates of annual battle-deaths from armed conflict, 1946–2014 2 2.1. ICB crisis onset and escalation rates, intra-regional dyads 19 2.2. Average dyadic intra-regional trade volumes 21 2.3. Intra-regional trade interdependence 22 7.1. East Asian youth bulges 1950–2015: Early-transition countries 127 7.2. East Asian youth bulges 1950–2015: Late-transition countries 127 7.3. East Asian youth bulges 2015 128 7.4. East Asian youth bulges 1950–2050: Selected countries 128 7.5. Youth bulges and support ratio: Republic of Korea 1950– 2015 129 7.6. East Asian support ratios 1950–2050: Early-transition countries 129 7.7. East Asian support ratios 1950–2050: Late-transition countries 130 7.8. Completed secondary education in East Asia 1970–2015 130 7.9. Gender parity in secondary education in East Asia 1970– 2050 135 7.10. Urban population five-year growth rates 1990–2050: Early- transition countries 135 7.11. Urban population five-year growth rates 1990–2050: Late- transition countries 136 7.12. Excess males aged 0–4 in selected East Asian countries 1970–2030 136 8.1. Respect for physical integrity rights in East Asia, 1949–2013 145 8.2. Respect for physical integrity rights in East Asia by country, 1949–2013 146 10.1. Growth, trust, protest and freedoms in South Korea 189 10.2. Growth, trust, protest and freedoms in Taiwan 190 vi Bjarnegaard-Kreutz_book.indd 6 12/04/2017 11:09 Contents 10.3. Growth, trust, protest and freedoms in Indonesia 191 10.4. Growth, trust, protest and freedoms in the Philippines 192 10.5. Growth, trust, protest and freedoms in Malaysia 193 10.6. Growth, trust, protest and freedoms in Thailand 194 11.1. Use of the word ‘honour’ or ‘honor’ over time 214 13.1. Number of Chinese vessels that entered the maritime and air space of the disputed Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands, 2008–2015 251 List of Tables 8.1. Freedom House scores for East Asia, 2014 and 1972 147 10.1. Democratic peace over time for East Asia 186 12.1. Amnesties and truth commissions in East Asia 228 12.2. Amnesties, truth commission quality, and quality peace scores 233 vii Bjarnegaard-Kreutz_book.indd 7 12/04/2017 11:09 Debating the East Asian Peace R U S S I A KAZAKHSTAN Nthn Terr. - Kurils Ulanbataar MONGOLIA Sea of Beijing Japan Pyongyang N. KOREA JAPAN Tianjin Seoul Tokyo S. KOREA C H I N A Yellow Sea Dokdo/Takeshima Jeju Shanghai Chongqing Nanjing East China BHUTAN Sea I N D I A BANGLA- KACHIN STATE Kunming Okinawa DESH Senkaku/Diaoyu MYANMAR YUNNAN Taipei SHAN Guangzhou Taiwan Strait RAKHINE STATE Hong Kong TAIWAN Naypyidaw Hanoi STATE Macao KAYIN STATE KAYIN LAOS Tonkin Luzon Strait Bay Gulf Hainan of Vientiane Paracels Luzon Guam (US) Bengal THAILAND Hue Scarborough Shoal Yangon Bangkok South Manila Subic Bay+ VIETNAM China CAMBODIA Sea PHILIPPINES Phnom Penh +Cam Ranh Bay Gulf of HCM City Thailand Spratlys Malacca Strait Sulu Sea Mindanao ACEH MALAYSIA Natuna Kuala Lumpur BRUNEI MALAYSIA Sumatra SINGAPORE Kalimantan Sulawesi WEST PAPUA Jakarta Sunda Strait I N D O N E S I A Bandung Java TIMOR LESTE Lombok Strait © NIAS Press 2017 AUSTRALIA Figure 0.1: Map of East Asia (underlying relief map © Mountain High Maps) viii Bjarnegaard-Kreutz_book.indd 8 12/04/2017 11:09 Preface and Acknowledgements East Asia used to be the world’s deadliest battleground, but in the last four decades has witnessed only a fraction of the political violence seen in other world regions. This transition from widespread intensive warfare to relative regional peace constitutes an empirical phenomenon that differs from the traditional focus of security studies: identifying the causes of war. To address the dearth of research on this region’s transition to peace, an ambitious research programme was created with its base at the Department of Peace and Conflict Research, Uppsala University in Sweden between 2011 and 2016. This volume is the product of research and debates taking place within this East Asian Peace research programme, which gathered researchers from all over the world in order to address questions about how the East Asian Peace as a phenomenon can be conceptualized, explained and assessed. Besides Uppsala University, the programme included more than 20 research associates from all over the world as well as an inter- national advisory board. The annual East Asian Peace conferences have been important debating grounds and meeting places that have laid the groundwork for the findings and debates presented in this book. The contributors to this volume include all of the members of the programme core group – Stein Tønnesson (programme leader), Erik Melander (deputy programme leader), Holly Guthrey (programme coor- dinator), Elin Bjarnegård, Kristine Eck, Joakim Kreutz and Isak Svensson – as well as research associates and/or conference attendees Benjamin Goldsmith, Shirley Scott, Henrik Urdal, Fiona Yap and Yongwook Ryu, and there is also a chapter by the advisory board member Robert S.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Electoral Politics in South Korea
    South Korea: Aurel Croissant Electoral Politics in South Korea Aurel Croissant Introduction In December 1997, South Korean democracy faced the fifteenth presidential elections since the Republic of Korea became independent in August 1948. For the first time in almost 50 years, elections led to a take-over of power by the opposition. Simultaneously, the election marked the tenth anniversary of Korean democracy, which successfully passed its first ‘turnover test’ (Huntington, 1991) when elected President Kim Dae-jung was inaugurated on 25 February 1998. For South Korea, which had had six constitutions in only five decades and in which no president had left office peacefully before democratization took place in 1987, the last 15 years have marked a period of unprecedented democratic continuity and political stability. Because of this, some observers already call South Korea ‘the most powerful democracy in East Asia after Japan’ (Diamond and Shin, 2000: 1). The victory of the opposition over the party in power and, above all, the turnover of the presidency in 1998 seem to indicate that Korean democracy is on the road to full consolidation (Diamond and Shin, 2000: 3). This chapter will focus on the role elections and the electoral system have played in the political development of South Korea since independence, and especially after democratization in 1987-88. Five questions structure the analysis: 1. How has the electoral system developed in South Korea since independence in 1948? 2. What functions have elections and electoral systems had in South Korea during the last five decades? 3. What have been the patterns of electoral politics and electoral reform in South Korea? 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Basic Models of Conflict and Cooperation
    PSC/IR 106: The Democratic Peace Theory William Spaniel williamspaniel.com/pscir-106 Data Project #1 • Questions? Problem Set #1 • Grades were good • Returned already or in recitation this week Robert Axelrod Robert Axelrod Outline • Brief History of IR Theory • The Democratic Peace • Explanations for the Democratic Peace? • Correlation Does Not Imply Causation • The McDonald’s Peace Theory • The Capitalist Peace • The Rise of China Outline • Brief History of IR Theory • The Democratic Peace • Explanations for the Democratic Peace? • Correlation Does Not Imply Causation • The McDonald’s Peace Theory • The Capitalist Peace • The Rise of China Roadmap • Before: Unitary actor assumption • Now: Perhaps type of government matters • Next week: Perhaps leaders matter Intellectual History • For the majority of IR’s history, scholars assumed that states were identical except for in relative power (Realists) • Other scholars challenged this assumption in the 1980s – Evidence overwhelmingly supports the second group Outline • Brief History of IR Theory • The Democratic Peace • Explanations for the Democratic Peace? • Correlation Does Not Imply Causation • The McDonald’s Peace Theory • The Capitalist Peace • The Rise of China The Democratic Peace Theory Democracies tend not to fight other democracies. Ultimately, the best strategy to ensure our security and to build a durable peace is to support the advance of democracy elsewhere. Democracies don't attack each other. (1994 State of the Union) Democracies don't go to war with each other. And the reason why is the people of most societies don't like war, and they understand what war means.... I've got great faith in democracies to promote peace.
    [Show full text]
  • The US Navy Japanese/Oriental Language School Archival Project
    The US Navy Japanese/Oriental Language School Archival Project The Interpreter Archives, University of Colorado at Boulder Libraries Number 243 Remember September 11, 2001 [email protected] May 1, 2018 Our Mission stationed. All of that stopped not know what it did exactly. I draft. A Russian complimented when I landed at Cold Bay. The told him what it was, and he at me on using the correct and In the Spring of 2000, the best I could do was to draw a last recognized it. rather obscure word for “draft” Archives continued the origi- picture of snow on the envelope, in Russian. American Lifestyle nal efforts of Captain Roger to give my wife a hint that I was In addition to seeing movies Pineau and William Hudson, somewhere cold. Seeing life from the Russian side about America, the Russians had and the Archives first at- Because of my language was interesting. For example, heard about our lavish life style. tempts in 1992, to gather the skills, I had been assigned to Russian cooks liked how we had They wanted to know how many papers, letters, photographs, Project Hula, although it was so pictures of the food on the cars I owned. When I told them I and records of graduates of secret, the Navy never outside of the cans [some did not own a car; I had to the US Navy Japanese/ mentioned the name or what it imagination required]. In explain that I was only 20 years Oriental Language School, was about. Much later, I found America, many different old and a student before the war, University of Colorado at out the United States was companies sell the same kind of so I had not had a chance to buy Boulder, 1942-1946.
    [Show full text]
  • EU POLICY in the SOUTH CAUCASUS Sascha Tamm
    WEAKNESS AS AN OPPORTUNITY: EU POLICY IN THE SOUTH CAUCASUS With the European Neighborhood Policy, the EU’s relationship with the countries of the South Caucasus has achieved a new quality. These countries now have a concrete legal foundation on which to stand in their relationship with the EU. However, up until now the EU has not been taking adequate advantage of its opportunity. The EU is not a geo- strategic player with military power, that will destroy itself in the struggle over a “sphere of influence”. However its principles and institutions, which are based upon liberal ideas, are a shining example for the three countries. On this basis, the EU is able to and has to play its part in the development of long-term peace and prosperity in the South Caucasus. * Sascha Tamm * The author is Head of the Central, Southeast and Eastern Europe Department of the Friedrich-Naumann- Foundation for Liberty, Germany In 2006, all three countries of the South Caucasus–Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan– were admitted into the European Neighborhood Policy (ENP). This was an important step, but one which came much too late. Until 2006, Europe could not be characterized as having a coherent strategy in this region. Today still there is not an acceptable and transparent solution to the problems that burden the future of the region and its relationship with the European Union. The EU neither has a master plan nor the geo- strategic weight to enforce its plans against the will of individual countries or political groups. This can and should not be its objective, at least not in the region being discussed here.
    [Show full text]
  • A Sociocultural Analysis of Korean Sport for International Development Initiatives
    A Sociocultural Analysis of Korean Sport for International Development Initiatives Dongkyu Na Thesis submitted to the University of Ottawa in partial Fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Human Kinetics School of Human Kinetics Faculty of Health Sciences University of Ottawa © Dongkyu Na, Ottawa, Canada, 2021 Korean Sport for International Development ii Abstract This dissertation focuses on the following questions: 1) What is the structure of the Korean sport for international development discourse? 2) How are the historical transformations of particular rules of formation manifested in the discourse of Korean sport for international development? 3) What knowledge, ideas, and strategies make up Korean sport for international development? And 4) what are the ways in which these components interact with the institutional aspirations of the Korean government, directed by the official development assistance goals, the foreign policy and diplomatic agenda, and domestic politics? To address these research questions, I focus my analysis on the Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA) and its 30 years of expertise in designing and implementing sport and physical activity–related programs and aid projects. For this research project, I collected eight different sets of KOICA documents published from 1991 to 2017 as primary sources and two different sets of supplementary documents including government policy documents and newspaper articles. By using Foucault’s archaeology and genealogy as methodological
    [Show full text]
  • The BG News October 1, 1993
    Bowling Green State University ScholarWorks@BGSU BG News (Student Newspaper) University Publications 10-1-1993 The BG News October 1, 1993 Bowling Green State University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/bg-news Recommended Citation Bowling Green State University, "The BG News October 1, 1993" (1993). BG News (Student Newspaper). 5580. https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/bg-news/5580 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the University Publications at ScholarWorks@BGSU. It has been accepted for inclusion in BG News (Student Newspaper) by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@BGSU. 4? The BG News Volume 76, Issue 27 Bowling Creen, Ohio Friday, October 1, 1993 Briefs Only two of six state goals met Weather by John Chalfant will demonstrate competency in all sections of ninth-grade profi- Rain this weekend: The Associated Press English, mathematics, science, ciency tests in reading, writing, "Where are we world class? D-plus. history and geography. mathematics and citizenship Friday, partly sunny The fact is that we, relatively Other goals: U.S. students will after two attempts. early. Increasing clouds COLUMBUS, Ohio - Gov. speaking, compared to other be first in the world in science during the afternoon with George Volnovich handed out an and mathematics achievement; The state for the first time is scattered showers develop- education report card Thursday nations in the world, are not getting every adult will be literate; every using results of surveys to ing. Thunderstorms also that showed the state's progress the job done, period." school will be free of drugs and measure adult literacy and the possible.
    [Show full text]
  • The History Problem: the Politics of War
    History / Sociology SAITO … CONTINUED FROM FRONT FLAP … HIRO SAITO “Hiro Saito offers a timely and well-researched analysis of East Asia’s never-ending cycle of blame and denial, distortion and obfuscation concerning the region’s shared history of violence and destruction during the first half of the twentieth SEVENTY YEARS is practiced as a collective endeavor by both century. In The History Problem Saito smartly introduces the have passed since the end perpetrators and victims, Saito argues, a res- central ‘us-versus-them’ issues and confronts readers with the of the Asia-Pacific War, yet Japan remains olution of the history problem—and eventual multiple layers that bind the East Asian countries involved embroiled in controversy with its neighbors reconciliation—will finally become possible. to show how these problems are mutually constituted across over the war’s commemoration. Among the THE HISTORY PROBLEM THE HISTORY The History Problem examines a vast borders and generations. He argues that the inextricable many points of contention between Japan, knots that constrain these problems could be less like a hang- corpus of historical material in both English China, and South Korea are interpretations man’s noose and more of a supportive web if there were the and Japanese, offering provocative findings political will to determine the virtues of peaceful coexistence. of the Tokyo War Crimes Trial, apologies and that challenge orthodox explanations. Written Anything less, he explains, follows an increasingly perilous compensation for foreign victims of Japanese in clear and accessible prose, this uniquely path forward on which nationalist impulses are encouraged aggression, prime ministerial visits to the interdisciplinary book will appeal to sociol- to derail cosmopolitan efforts at engagement.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloads of Technical Information
    Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2018 Nuclear Spaces: Simulations of Nuclear Warfare in Film, by the Numbers, and on the Atomic Battlefield Donald J. Kinney Follow this and additional works at the DigiNole: FSU's Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected] FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES NUCLEAR SPACES: SIMULATIONS OF NUCLEAR WARFARE IN FILM, BY THE NUMBERS, AND ON THE ATOMIC BATTLEFIELD By DONALD J KINNEY A Dissertation submitted to the Department of History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2018 Donald J. Kinney defended this dissertation on October 15, 2018. The members of the supervisory committee were: Ronald E. Doel Professor Directing Dissertation Joseph R. Hellweg University Representative Jonathan A. Grant Committee Member Kristine C. Harper Committee Member Guenter Kurt Piehler Committee Member The Graduate School has verified and approved the above-named committee members, and certifies that the dissertation has been approved in accordance with university requirements. ii For Morgan, Nala, Sebastian, Eliza, John, James, and Annette, who all took their turns on watch as I worked. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank the members of my committee, Kris Harper, Jonathan Grant, Kurt Piehler, and Joseph Hellweg. I would especially like to thank Ron Doel, without whom none of this would have been possible. It has been a very long road since that afternoon in Powell's City of Books, but Ron made certain that I did not despair. Thank you. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract..............................................................................................................................................................vii 1.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of the Social Science Literature on the Causes of Conflict
    Research Report Understanding Conflict Trends A Review of the Social Science Literature on the Causes of Conflict Stephen Watts, Jennifer Kavanagh, Bryan Frederick, Tova C. Norlen, Angela O’Mahony, Phoenix Voorhies, Thomas S. Szayna Prepared for the United States Army Approved for public release; distribution unlimited ARROYO CENTER For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/rr1063z1 Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. © Copyright 2017 RAND Corporation R® is a registered trademark. Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions.html. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. Support RAND Make a tax-deductible charitable contribution at www.rand.org/giving/contribute www.rand.org Preface The recent spike in violence in places like Syria, Ukraine, and Yemen notwithstanding, the number of conflicts worldwide has fallen since the end of the Cold War, and few of those that remain are clashes between states.
    [Show full text]
  • America's Decision to Drop the Atomic Bomb on Japan Joseph H
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Master's Theses Graduate School 2007 America's decision to drop the atomic bomb on Japan Joseph H. Paulin Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses Part of the Arts and Humanities Commons Recommended Citation Paulin, Joseph H., "America's decision to drop the atomic bomb on Japan" (2007). LSU Master's Theses. 3079. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/3079 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Master's Theses by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. AMERICA’S DECISION TO DROP THE ATOMIC BOMB ON JAPAN A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College In partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Liberal Arts in The Inter-Departmental Program in Liberal Arts By Joseph H. Paulin B.A., Kent State University, 1994 May 2007 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT……………………………………………………...………………...…….iii CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION……………………………………...………………….1 CHAPTER 2. JAPANESE RESISTANCE………………………………..…………...…5 CHAPTER 3. AMERICA’S OPTIONS IN DEFEATING THE JAPANESE EMPIRE...18 CHAPTER 4. THE DEBATE……………………………………………………………38 CHAPTER 5. THE DECISION………………………………………………………….49 CHAPTER 6. CONCLUSION…………………………………………………………..64 REFERENCES.………………………………………………………………………….68 VITA……………………………………………………………………………………..70 ii ABSTRACT During the time President Truman authorized the use of the atomic bomb against Japan, the United States was preparing to invade the Japanese homeland. The brutality and the suicidal defenses of the Japanese military had shown American planners that there was plenty of fight left in a supposedly defeated enemy.
    [Show full text]
  • Lifespan and Digital Communication Graduate Program Dept. of Communication & Theatre Arts Old Dominion University
    Lifespan and Digital Communication Graduate Program Dept. of Communication & Theatre Arts Old Dominion University The Lifespan and Digital Communication Graduate Program features faculty members with a variety of research interests and methodological training. Below are summaries of some current projects they are working on. For more information about specific faculty members, please refer to the faculty listing on our department website: http://www.odu.edu/al/comm/facstaff_comm.html. 2011-2012 Graduate Faculty Bob Arnett, Associate Professor of Communication Ph.D., University of Southern Mississippi My research has focused on film. My early work focused on screenwriters (emphasis on narrative), but my more recent work deconstructs films from a critical perspective shaped by cultural factors. For example, James Bond being “remixed” as a superhero and the role of place/non-place in Michael Mann films. Other current projects include an analysis, written with Burt St. John, of how the National Association of Manufacturers used promotional films to promote industry as a person and adapting my Michael Mann work for book on Mann’s films. Tim Anderson, Assistant Professor of Communication Ph.D., Northwestern University Dr. Anderson's research specializes in researching how new media practices and technologies transform, affect and negotiate those institutions and practices that make music popular. He has also been a regular contributor to the online journal Flow and in 2006 accepted a position to be come a charter member of the MediaCommons editorial board. Dr. Anderson's current research is on how the American music industry has had to re-articulate the vision of musicians, audiences and its products in the wake of recent social and technological changes such as the rise of file sharing, the ubiquity of broadband networks and the rise of online social networking platforms as part of our daily lives.
    [Show full text]
  • Imposing Nationalism on Diaspora Peoples: Korean Chinese in the Master Narrative of Chinese Nationalism
    Imposing Nationalism on Diaspora Peoples | 56 Imposing Nationalism on Diaspora Peoples: Korean Chinese in the Master Narrative of Chinese Nationalism Peng Hai, UCLA ABSTRACT One of the most challenging aspects of the historiography of modern nation states is how to write diaspora peoples of an immigrant past into the national history, especially when the diaspora settlement pre-dates the birth of the modern nation state itself. The Korean Chinese as a minority nationality in today’s People’s Republic of China exemplify the myriad issues that occur when nationalistic historiography seeks to override and sanitize an uneven past. By looking at the impulse of Chinese nationalistic historiography in appropriating the subaltern past of Korean Chinese, this paper exposes and problematizes the master narrative of nationalism in history writing. Master narratives, by imposing "nationalism," a prototype modern set of values, retrospectively on a chaotic and contingent past render diaspora peoples particularly vulnerable to the sways of nationalism. Historians of diaspora peoples should therefore be critically aware that the past is full of contingencies that must be contextualized. Keywords: Diaspora Nationality; Tacit Taboos; Nationalistic Historiography; Chinese Nationalism; Chinese Ethnic Minorities; Korean Chinese; Master Narratives INTRODUCTION Typing the characters for “Yanbian independence” (yanbian duli) into China’s main search engine Baidu.com produces results that hint at the debate over whether or not Korean Chinese in the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture want independence. The so-called Yanbian Independence Incident referred to in numerous blogs and Bulletin Board System (BBS) discussion forums is hard to pin down. As a matter of fact, one can easily get so lost in these pseudo-positions either accusing the Korean Chinese of their secessionist inclinations or coming to their defense that the alleged independence incident itself is ultimately subsumed if not simply non-existent.
    [Show full text]