The US Navy Japanese/Oriental Language School Archival Project The Interpreter Archives, University of Colorado at Boulder Libraries Number 243 Remember September 11, 2001 [email protected] May 1, 2018

Our Mission stationed. All of that stopped not know what it did exactly. I draft. A Russian complimented when I landed at Cold Bay. The told him what it was, and he at me on using the correct and In the Spring of 2000, the best I could do was to draw a last recognized it. rather obscure word for “draft” Archives continued the origi- picture of snow on the envelope, in Russian. American Lifestyle nal efforts of Roger to give my wife a hint that I was In addition to seeing movies Pineau and William Hudson, somewhere cold. Seeing life from the Russian side about America, the Russians had and the Archives first at- Because of my language was interesting. For example, heard about our lavish life style. tempts in 1992, to gather the skills, I had been assigned to Russian cooks liked how we had They wanted to know how many papers, letters, photographs, , although it was so pictures of the food on the cars I owned. When I told them I and records of graduates of secret, the Navy never outside of the cans [some did not own a car; I had to the US Navy Japanese/ mentioned the name or what it imagination required]. In explain that I was only 20 years Oriental Language School, was about. Much later, I found America, many different old and a student before the war, University of Colorado at out the was companies sell the same kind of so I had not had a chance to buy Boulder, 1942-1946. We surreptitiously transferring naval food, so they strive to win over a car. assemble these papers in vessels to Russia in anticipation the consumer with colorful Again, curious about recognition of the contribu- of their use against Japan. pictures and advertising. In American life, they asked if I tions made by JLS/OLS Until then, Russia and Japan Russia you have one brand, take drank milk, and did we really instructors and graduates to had an agreement not to attack it or leave it. Capitalism had not have it delivered to our the War effort in the Pacific each other. If word had gotten made its way into Russia yet. doorstep? I think food was an and the , to the out about Hula, Japan would Since we had a Russian cook important matter for the Russian creation of East Asian have attacked Russia before and an American cook on board, sailors. Before the war Stalin had language programs across Russia was equipped to defend they took turns preparing meals, introduced collective farming the country, and to the itself. Of course at my level, I and the crew ate accordingly. and it was a disaster. The change development of Japanese- was not told any of this. All I The Russian cooks loved to resulted in widespread American cultural rec- knew was that we were turning make borscht, a hearty stew of starvation. Some farmers onciliation programs after over a bunch of our ships to the cabbage, potatoes, sour cream, protested by burning their crops, World War II. Russians. In order to do this, we and beef stock. The Russians or slaughtering their livestock. would board a ship and sail out loved their cabbage. Millions died of famine, and the Lloyd A. Kramer to sea for ten days. A skeleton The Russians were good ones that survived suffered from OLS (Russian) 1945 crew of American sailors would sailors, but they were a little malnutrition. *A Secret Mission* teach the Soviet sailors the behind in , , and the I used to watch the Russians workings of the ship. ship’s propulsion plant. To make in close order drill in a field. And [Cont’d from #242] I was still My sole purpose was to matters worse, initially there I couldn’t help but notice how working in Washington, DC interpret between the American were no manuals printed in short they were. I don’t think any when I got secret orders to report crew and the Russians. I covered Russian. When I explained that of them were over five foot four. to a base in the state of three areas of the ship: the the curtains aboard ship were I am sure this was a result of not Washington for my next galley, the engine room and fireproof because they were getting enough food during that assignment. I was told only to topside, including the bridge. made of fiberglass, they were difficult period. pack my duffle bag and where to Once I was topside confused, because they had not Life at Cold Bay report. interpreting, when I saw a hears of fiberglass. Once I arrived at the base, I Russian sailor climbing a mast. Not only did I interpret on Cold Bay was a desolate and was put on a large passenger Unbeknownst to him, he was board ship, but my language cold place [260 miles east of plane with wooden benches on heading straight for some high skills came in handy when we ]. There were no the sides. We took off and I had power wires that could kill him were in . We had a theater local inhabitants and it was an absolutely no idea where I was instantly upon contact. I yelled in that held hundreds of people, and apt place to conduct a going, or what I was going to do. Russian for him to stop. Since I the movies were in English. clandestine operation. Cold Bay The orders were so secret I was an American , he felt During the movie I whispered to was not a place for sightseeing. couldn’t tell my new wife, no need to obey my orders and the Russians near me what was The best I could come up with Martha, even if I knew kept climbing. A Russian officer, going on, and they in turn was seeing three bears from afar. something. hearing my order, repeated the whispered to the persons next to We did find some foxholes We flew for several hours and order. Fortunately, the sailor them. In a few minutes you left by the Japanese that were then landed. I grabbed something heeded his officer’s command could hear laughter, as my littered with trash that they had to eat, found my quarters and hit and stopped climbing before translation spread across the left behind. However, the living the sack. When I reported next getting electrocuted. entire hall. It was a great feeling. accommodations were fine, the morning, I found out I was in Once, while walking through Sometimes Russians asked food was good, and we even had Cold Bay, , in the the engine room, a Russian sailor me how to say something in an ice cream machine [trust the . pointed to a box and asked what English, and I would explain the military to put an ice cream Before going to Cold Bay, I it was. I recognized it from a correct word to use and how to machine in the Aleutians]. would write to my parents and picture in my physics class in say it. Once, while riding in an Although the wife, letting them know how I high school. I knew it was called old pickup truck, I commented in accommodations were good, the was doing and where I was a Wheatstone Bridge, but I did Russian that there was a nasty weather was dismal. Out of the five months I was there, I didn’t keen interest also in art, music, School from 1950-53 [It could University of Texas was able to see blue sky until the day I was and the theater. But later he not have escaped his attention prevail upon him to return to join leaving. We were sailing away geared his education to that this Naganuma JLS was the faculty at the Department of when the cloud cover broke, and becoming acquainted with using the same teaching methods Linguistics as a Visiting I saw a row of smoking various languages and cultures. and many of the same texts that Professor, with a joint volcanoes in the distance. After Latin and French in high had been used by his USN JLS appointment in English. In the By the time I left, I had been school, he studied German as comrades at CU in 1944-1945.]. meantime, he had achieved involved with about a dozen well as Anglo-Saxon and Middle The position that he took in major accomplishments at ships, mostly , which the English in college, also learning Japan required teaching graduate Southwestern University where Navy really didn’t like and was Italian, Middle High German and courses in English to non-native he had restructured freshman and glad to get rid of. After each 10- Old Norse on his own. In speakers, and, in this context, Dr. sophomore English by day cruise, we decommissioned graduate school he improved his Teale taught courses ranging broadening the curriculum and the ship and gave it to the knowledge of French and added over the whole field of English focusing on a world literature Russian Navy. We held a old Irish, Old Welsh, studying literature, while he himself approach. Back at the University celebration each time in the hall under Roger Sherman Loomis, continued to explore Japanese of Texas he tried to concentrate we used for large gatherings. The who was his mentor for two literature and culture, especially on comparative literature, but Russians sang in their native years while he concentrated on Noh singing, dance, and aspects was also involved in building up tongue, and since I knew enough medieval literature, especially of the theater, attending Fukuo the Japanese and Chinese Russian, I joined them. the Arthurian legends. His M.A. Noh School in 1954, and again language programs. In 1967, his Before leaving Cold Bay, the under Patterson and Tindall was from 1956-60. During a one year appointment in the English atomic bomb was dropped. The devoted to 17th century studies. leave of absence in the United Department was discontinued Russians asked me how the He worked as an instructor in States, in 1955-56, he did further and he became a member atomic bomb was different from English for a year at Ohio State post-doctoral work in literary exclusively on the Linguistics other bombs. I didn’t know University, but World War II Japanese under Serge Elisseev at Department and of the Center for anything about the atomic bomb, changed the orientation of his Harvard. Finally in 1960 he left Asian Studies. However, he so I wasn’t much help. career. After spending a year and Japan, for family reasons, to take continued to teach linguistically Finally the day came for me a half in Boulder, Colorado [the a teaching post at Southwestern oriented courses in English to leave Cold Bay. I boarded University of Colorado, University in Georgetown, besides taking care of the first ship and we sailed down the actually], studying Chinese at Texas. and second year of Chinese. inside passage to Washington the U.S. Navy Language School, In 1961, the University of After directing a National State. I ended up being stationed he went as a language officer to Texas was building up an Asian Defense Education Act Summer in the Bay Area for a short time, where he was discharged Center under the directorship of Program in Chinese and and then was discharged from from the service in 1946 with the Dr. Edgar Polomé who Japanese in 1968, he was given the Navy. rank of Lt. (j.g.). He served approached Dr. Teale to invite tenure on the professorial level from briefly in China as an interpreter him to participate in the and joined the department of Lloyd Kramer [OLS (Russian) 1945] and then returned to Columbia establishment of this Center by Oriental and African Languages as told to John Howsden, University on a Sino-American expanding the already existing and Literatures as a full time “My World War II Service scholarship. His dissertation, South Asia offerings to the field member when this department in the US Navy” Tuolumne Veterans History Project “Through a Glass Darkly,” a of East Asian languages and was established in 1969-70. His (2014) study of English translation of literatures. Dr. Teele, appointed activities continued to be focused Pp. 15-24 Chinese poetry, was printed Visiting Associate Professor, on Chinese and Japanese though privately and favorably referred gave a particularly strong he also inaugurated an [Ed. Note: for a less detailed version of these two stories, see “North to to in Reuben Brower’s On impulse to the then established introductory course in Asian Alaska… We’re going to go to the Translation and in the American sub-committee on the Asian Studies on the freshman level, Russian Zone”, The Interpreter, University’s Field Staff Select concentration in the College of giving it a broader scope and a #89a, and other mentions in Issues Bibliography for Asia. For quite Arts and Sciences and initiated more attractive form. He also #204, #205, and #206.] some time it was required courses in Chinese and Japanese initiated a number of graduate ______reading in schools as diverse as languages as well as in Chinese courses in East Asian languages In Memoriam Cambridge University and the and Japanese literature inn and served as Acting Chairman University of Chicago. While translation. He also taught the of the Department of Oriental Roy E. Teele completing his Ph.D. he took a history of the English Language. and African Languages and OLS (Chinese) 1945 position as an educational Dr. Teale remained Visiting Literatures and Acting Director 1915-1985 missionary at the University of Professor until 1963, being of the Center for Asian Studies

Professor Roy Teele was born in Nanking, China, where he taught reluctant to cut his ties with in the spring of 1970. From then Albia, Iowa, on the 29th of June English from 1947-48 and was Southwestern University in on, as editor of Literature East 1915. He grew up in his home chairman of the Foreign Georgetown. In the meantime he and West and of the Japanese town and attended Albia High Language Department. Upon his was very active in Japanese Series for Twayne’s World School, graduating in June 1932, return he was granted his Ph.D., Studies, publishing papers on the Author series and as reviewer for and Albia Junior College, which in 1949, and did post-doctoral Noh plays and editing an issue Books Abroad and Poetry he he left in 1936 to complete his work under Charles Fries at the on Japanese literature for became a major contributor to B.A. at Cornell College in Mt. University of Michigan. In 1950, Literature East and West, whose the diffusion of knowledge on Vernon, Iowa. He then entered he left for Japan where he took a editorship he soon took over. Chinese and Japanese literature. the graduate school at Columbia position as professor of English In 1963, he returned full-time He was called upon to chair University in 1939, and obtained at Kwansei Gakuin University. to Southwestern University in panels at various national his M.A. in 1940. From his early He remained there for ten years. Georgetown to assume the conferences and to serve as youth, Dr. Teele concentrated During this period he studied Chairmanship of the English bibliographer for these topics for primarily on literature but with a Japanese intensively at the Kobe department, but in 1965 the the MLA Bibliography. Naganuma Japanese Language Center for Asian Studies at the The following years were Association in 1976, and the grandchildren. His oldest son, in Texas, beginning with the marked by continued studies and Section on Japanese Literature at Christopher, died a few months Elysian Fields Circuit where he translations of Japanese poetry one of the regional meetings of after Professor Teele’s death. practiced “baseball evangelism.” and poetic drama as well as work the American Oriental Society. Signed: Other church appointments in Chinese drama. He was The papers he contributed were William H. Cunningham included: Mt. Zion and temple closely associated with the always rich in content and in President (Houston, TX). He loved his relevant comparative literature scholarship and were always University of Texas at Austin; time as Chaplain at Southwestern group of the Modern Language well received by his colleagues. H. Paul Kelley and was one of its longest- Association and contributed Constantly innovative in his Secretary serving Chaplains. He also The General Faculty several papers on this topic. He teaching, he started several new taught psychology as an also continued as teacher of courses in the graduate program This Memorial Resolution was associate professor. In 1965 he Japanese and Chinese language in Comparative Literature, prepared by a Special Committee attended Claremont School of and literature and served as collaborating with colleagues in consisting of Professors: Theology in where he graduate adviser in the English and in Classics, and Edgar C. Polomé (Chairman), earned the Th.D. degree, while Department of Oriental and continuing to advocate better M. A. Jazayery, serving as Associate Minister of and Jeannette L. Faurot African Languages and understanding and knowledge of Pastoral Care at First UMC in Literatures. Chinese and Japanese [Ed. Note: This is an old obituary Pasadena. From there he was His gentle and persuasive achievements in world literature. that I found on a web search in 2015. recruited to serve Perkins School manner, his genuine interest in His last years in the profession Professor Teele’s son Nicholas Teele of Theology, SMU, as Associate retired in 2015 from a faculty students, and his commitment to were marked by papers and position in the English Department Dean. Seeking to stretch himself following their work step-by- lectures as he participated in the at Doshisha Women's College of and learn more, while at Perkins step were highly appreciated and Japan scholars travel seminars Liberal Arts, in Japan. He had been he participated in a psychiatric helped considerably in building sponsored by the Japan on our mailing list since 2004.] residency at Timberlawn ______up the program in Asian Studies Foundation and the US Japan Psychiatric Hospital, where he at the University of Texas. A Friendship Commission. He David K. Switzer, Th.D. studies family systems, and later humanitarian, Dr. Teale was also chaired several panels on Emeritus Professor of served as a consultant and involved in extracurricular Chinese and Japanese literature Pastoral Care and Counseling weekend part-time Chaplain. At activities in the service of his at national and regional meetings Perkins School of Theology Timberlawn he developed and fellow man, participating in the and continued his research on Southern Methodist University supervised a Perkins intern activities of the American Civil Far Eastern drama and early OLS 4/2/45-, 1925-2015 placement, where Perkins Liberties Union and the local Japanese poetry. students learned about chapter of the American When a heart attack struck The now aged man began life psychiatric illness. For almost Association of University him in the midst of his highly August 28, 1925, and was thirty years he served in various professors, while continuing his productive activity, he had to joyfully welcomed into the capacities at Perkins from which strong commitment to the work retire prematurely. However, as Beaumont, Texas home of he later retired. David interacted of the Methodist Church as a Professor Emeritus of the Horace Swindon Switzer and with students on the baseball member of the Board of the Department of Oriental and Helen Kone Switzer, who after field, basketball court, tennis Southwest Conference of the African Languages and the still-birth of their first son, court, and in the classroom as Methodist Church, especially Literatures he continued to visit Wliiam Kone Switzer, were professor, teammate, counselor, concerned with missionary work. his office regularly and to help advised to have no other advisor and friend. In 1974-75, he was Visiting the students with whom he was children. Loved and adored by Dr. Switzer and Rev. Theresa Professor at Kwansei Gakuin working, giving generously of his parents, he remembered them McConnell married March 12, University, where again he his time and energy, sometimes with great tenderness, “They 1983. They had a wonderful life taught courses in English and at the expense of his health. His were as good as gold.” They in ministry together, including American literature. He took students tried to repay their debt reared their son in the Methodist shared speaking engagements, advantage of his presence in of gratitude with the spontaneous Church and set an example love of Christ and the Church, Japan to do further research on and deep affection they felt for through acts of justice and mercy interest in the intersection faith the Manuoshu, preparing a him. He continued to enjoy his in the community. David was and the human condition, and of volume on the work of Otomo no favorite pastimes – reading and blessed by deep friendships with course, tennis. Their marriage Yakamochi for the Twayne music – often enjoying pleasant his Ogden Elementary School was blessed with the joy of their Series of World Authors. In the evenings at the opera in Houston friends for 75 plus years. life, their daughter Rachel Helen meantime, he continued his work or at recitals in the Performing Enrolled in Southwestern McConnell-Switzer. as head of the Oriental Arts Center at the University of University, Georgetown, Texas, David’s professional love Literatures Section of the MLA Texas. Colleagues who visited when Pearl Harbor was bombed, was the local church. Dr. Switzer International Bibliography, and him during his final illness were he enlisted in the U.S. Marines sought to prepare clergy to be as a member of the Executive struck by his serenity and by the (Intelligence, 1st Lt.), Active more effective pastors. Committee of the Asian accuracy of his memory as he Duty, 1943-1946) and Reserve Throughout his ministry Literature Division of the continued to direct his thoughts (1946-1950). He served with community involvement was Modern Language Association, to his work and achievements in distinction and was recruited for essential. He was instrumental in expanding and improving the East Asian Program – a the Japanese Language School. facilitating the establishment of representation of Asian program which would not have David met Shirley Holmes, The Fellowship of Christian literatures in the program at its been so successful without his the mother of Rebecca and Eric Athletes in Houston high schools annual meetings. generous contributions. He Switzer, and they married when and on the collegiate level at The following years were passed away quietly on WWII ended. David then entered SMU. He worked well with devoted to the pursuit of the December 5, 1985. He is seminary and served as Assistant Alcoholics Anonymous and same objectives as he chaired the survived by a son, Nicholas, and Pastor at Haygood Methodist required his students to visit an Division of Asian Literatures of a daughter, Helen Rebecca, both Church (Atlanta, GA). After open group and other helping the Modern Language of Japan, and several graduation, he served pastorates organizations to learn about community resources for the Louisiana Conference. David where Teele was a professor. Both graduate of the U.S. Naval extended pastoral care. Along participated in the Noel were involved in the Methodist Academy at Annapolis. After he with Mr. Ray Montgomery, Dr. Memorial, Keithville, and Church in Texas. So pardon my retired, he was director of Cliff Jones, Dr. Charles Petty, Lakeview United Methodist jumping to the conclusion that they university relations at Long ought to have known each other. Dr. Switzer was recognized for a Churches, to which his wife was Ships rarely pass in the night on so Island University, special lifetime Achievement Award for appointed. Dealing with the many occasions without running into assistant to the president of the his efforts in establishing what is impact of Alzheimer’s disease each other. Now their obituaries Naval League of the United now The Suicide and Crisis upon his life created a grace the same issue of the States and public relations Center of Dallas, TX. diminished capacity for him. newsletter.] director of Central Charge ______A graduate of Southwestern Nonetheless these communities Services. University, Emory University, of faith have loved and cared for Gilven Max Slonim He received a doctorate in the University of Texas, and the him and our family and we are human sciences from the Southern California School of deeply grateful and appreciative. Dies Minneapolis-based Walden

Theology, Dr. Switzer authored On May 11, 2015, David Gilven Max Slonim, 87, a retired University in 1987. several books: The Dynamics of Switzer died and joined the Navy captain and destroyer He taught courses in Grief (1970), The Minister as community of Saints. He was squadron commander who was humanities and ocean sciences Crisis Counselor (1974, 1986 – preceded by his parents and his president of a nonprofit for the University of Virginia revised edition), Pastor, son, David Eric Switzer. He is foundation concerned with ocean and founded the Oceanic Preacher, Person (1979), survived by his immediate use, died November 22, 2000 at Education Foundation in 1970. Parents of the Homosexual family: spouse, Rev. Dr. Theresa Inova Fairfax Hospital after a He wrote articles about public (1980), Pastoral Care McConnell; daughters, Ms. heart attack. He lived in Falls policy and the oceans. Emergencies (1989, 2000), Rebecca Switzer and Rev. Church. His marriage to Louise Coming Out as Parents: You and Rachel McConnell-Switzer; Dr. Slonim retired in 1965 Slonim ended in divorce. His your Homosexual Child (1996), granddaughters, Dr. Carmen from the office of the chief of second wife, Frances Dim Pastoral Care of Gays, Lesbians Landau, Ms. Julia Landau, and Naval Operations, after a career Slonim, died in 1994. and Their Families (1999) and Ms. Marie Landau; great- as a wartime intelligence officer Survivors include three numerous professional grandson, Louie Sotomayor; and combat commander. He children from his first marriage, publications dealing with the daughter-in-law, Trisha Switzer. began his Navy service at the retired Navy Lt. Cmdr. Richard psychological study of grief, G. Slonim of Charleston, S.C., ***** U.S. Embassy in before death and crisis. He felt honored David R. Slonim of Savannah, Thank you, Mr. Hays, for your World War II and was stationed that several of his books were Ga., and Patricia S. Gordon of dedication to this important at Pearl Harbor when it was translated into german, Japanese Falls Church; a brother, retired work. The way David used his bombed [Slonim attended the and most recently, Korean. In his Navy Capt. Charles E. Slonim of Japanese language was as an USN JLS in Tokyo, 1939-41.1. later years he was so thrilled and Manassas; and three exchange professor at Kwansei During the war, he served in amazed to discover his writing the Pacific on the staffs of Navy grandchildren. Gakuin University (関西学院大 was still making a positive Adms. William Halsey and 学 in Japan as well as at SMU, The Washington Post impact. Raymond Spruance. He November 26, 2000 Dallas. Whenever he had Dr. Switzer received the participated in intelligence opportunity he enjoyed speaking [Ed. Note: Gliven Slonim was one of Danforth Foundation Campus operations that lead to the Japanese with SMU students or the Tokyo-trained USN JLOs who Ministries Graduate Fellowship in 1942 by in a restaurant for that matter. He were legends to the later Harvard, in 1960-61 and was awarded the Doolittle's Raiders and the Berkeley and Boulder – trained was so delighted that one of his Southwestern University Alumni shooting down in 1943 of the JLOs. In September 1942, Lt. j.g. books was translated into Citation of Merit in 1972. In plane carrying Adm. Isoroku Slonim reported with Lieutenants Japanese to help pastoral care Dallas, Dr. Switzer has served on Yamamoto, the leader of the “Tex” Baird and Allyn Cole and j.g.s training. Thank you again for the boards of directors of Japanese fleet who had planned Roenigk, Bennedict, and Bromley, as Contact Telephone Ministry, your work. well as Cpt. Holcomb, USMC to the . Station HYPO. Cdr. Rochefort took Suicide and Crisis Center, Free M. Theresa McConnell, D.Min. Dr. Slonim was an adviser to them to where Cpt. Red Lasswell and Medical Clinic, Planned Widow of Dr. David K. Switzer Spruance leading up to the Battle Lt. Cdr. Fullinwider were working Parenthood, Council on [Ed. Note: In one of the more of Midway, considered the and told them to start “breaking Alcoholism, and Dallas County amazing coincidences I have turning point of the war in the Japanese codes.”1 Mental Health Association. His encountered, I find and post Pacific. In 1945, he was senior He was in a position to have met, professional affiliations included Professor Roy Teele’s “In interpreter at the Japanese mentored, and managed a large the American Association of Memoriam” on the same day that I surrender ceremony. number of USN JLS/OLS graduates receive the obituary for David K. during the war and was involved Pastoral Counselors (Diplomate), Dr. Slonim commanded ships The International Association of Switzer in the mail. Both were devout with many of the most important Methodists. Their time at the USN that included the Irwin during operations during early operations in Pastoral Counselors, The JLS/OLS overlapped. Although they the Korean War and was the Pacific, some of which involved a American Psychological were in different programs, it would commander of a destroyer great many Boulder-trained JLOs. Association, and the Dallas be very likely that they might have squadron during the abortive Bay As with Baird’s, Finnegen’s, and Psychological Association. He met at Methodist services in Boulder of Pigs invasion of Cuba in other Tokyo USN JLO’s obituaries, I served on the editorial board of in 1945. Then Teele was a professor 1962. He was chief of staff to the believe that notice of their careers OMEGA (international journal), at Kwansei Gakuin University (関西 commander of the 3rd Fleet in should be on these pages. the Journal of Pastoral Care, 学 院大学 in Japan in the 1950s, Hawaii. and the Journal of Religion in where Switzer would be an exchange His honors included a Legion professor himself. Switzer was an 1 Psychotherapy. of Merit, Bronze Star and Navy Stephen E. Maffeo, U.S. Navy In 1999 David moved to alumnus of Southwestern University, Codebreakers, Linguists, and where Teele would later teach in the Commendation Medal. Intelligence Officers Against Japan, Shreveport, Louisiana, early 1960s, and where Switzer was Dr. Slonim was a native of 1910-1941: A Biographical supporting his wife’s service in a Chaplain. Switzer would later take Duluth, Minn., and a 1932 Dictionary. (Lanham, MD: Rowman the United Methodist Curch of courses at the University of Texas, & Littlefield Publishers, 2015): 212.