DOCSLIB.ORG

ESTUDO FITOQUÍMICO E BIOLÓGICO DA ESPÉCIE VEGETAL Manilkara Subsericea (Mart.) Dubard

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
ESTUDO FITOQUÍMICO E BIOLÓGICO DA ESPÉCIE VEGETAL Manilkara Subsericea (Mart.) Dubard UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL FLUMINENSE PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO Stricto sensu EM CIÊNCIAS APLICADAS A PRODUTOS PARA SAÚDE (PPG-CAPS) ÁREA DE CONCENTRAÇÃO DESENVOLVIMENTO DE PRODUTOS PARA SAÚDE ESTUDO FITOQUÍMICO E BIOLÓGICO DA ESPÉCIE VEGETAL Manilkara subsericea (Mart.) Dubard Caio Pinho Fernandes Orientador: Prof. Dr. Leandro Machado Rocha Niterói – RJ 2011 Caio Pinho Fernandes Estudo fitoquímico e biológico da espécie vegetal Manilkara subsericea (Mart.) Dubard Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Aplicadas a Produtos para Saúde (PPG-CAPS) da Universidade Federal Fluminense, como parte dos pré-requisitos para obtenção do grau de mestre. Área de Concentração: Desenvolvimento de Produtos para Saúde Orientador: Prof. Dr. Leandro Machado Rocha Niterói – RJ 2011 II F363 Fernandes, Caio Pinho Estudo fitoquímico e biológico da espécie vegetal Manilkara Subsericea (Mart.) Dubard) / Caio Pinho Fernandes. -- Niterói, 2011. 75f. Orientador: Dr.Leandro Machado Rocha Dissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade Federal Fluminense. Faculdade de Farmácia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas a Produtos para Saúde. – UFF, 2011. Bibliografia: f. 67-75 1.Química orgânica. 2.Estudo fitoquímico. 3.Fracionamento guiado. 4.Manilkara subsericea. I.Rocha, Leandro FOLHA DE APROVAÇÃO Caio Pinho Fernandes Estudo fitoquímico e biológico da espécie vegetal Manilkara subsericea (Mart.) Dubard Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Aplicadas a Produtos para Saúde (PPG-CAPS) da Universidade Federal Fluminense, como parte dos pré-requisitos para obtenção do grau de mestre. Área de Concentração: Desenvolvimento de Produtos para Saúde Aprovada em _________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Leandro Machado Rocha – Orientador Faculdade de Farmácia – UFF ____________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Adriana Cortadi Universidad Nacional de Rosario – UNR (ARG) ____________________________________________ Prof. Dr. José Luiz Pinto Ferreira Faculdade de Farmácia – UFF ____________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Ricardo Machado Kuster Núcleo de Pesquisa de Produtos Naturais – UFRJ III Este trabalho foi realizado sob orientação do Prof. Dr. Leandro Machado Rocha IV Dedico este trabalho aos meus pais e a minha irmã, pelo apoio e suporte que me têm dado ao longo de toda a vida V Não há vegetal algum que não mereça ocupar a atenção de um verdadeiro sábio; nenhum há, por mais desprezível que pareça, de que não se possa esperar alguma utilidade. (Frei Veloso) VI AGRADECIMENTOS Aos meus pais Luiz Carlos Fernandes e Luizaura Pinho Fernandes, pelo apoio irrestrito e amor incondicional. À minha irmã Laís Pinho Fernandes, pelo caráter, amizade e exemplo que sempre demonstrou. Às minhas vós Aurora e Lacy, minha tia Laurinha e demais familiares, por demonstrar o significado mais puro de uma família unida, tão presente em minha vida. Ao meu orientador e grande amigo Prof. Leandro Machado Rocha, pelos valorosos ensinamentos científicos e amizade. Aos amigos do Laboratório de Tecnologia de Produtos Naturais (LTPN-UFF), Jonathas, Rodrigo, Otávio, Henrique, José Carlos, Ricardo, Hildegardo, Iraí, Arthur, Luis Armando, Adriana, Raquel, Bárbara, Gisele, Mariana, Ana Clara, Fernanda, pelo apoio e amizade, além de contribuírem firmemente no meu caminho de aprendizado sobre as plantas. Ao Prof Marcelo Guerra, pela amizade e grande ajuda durante as coletas na restinga. Às Professoras Adriana Cortadi e Martha Gattuso, pelos ensinamentos e modo extremamente acolhedor com que me receberam em seu laboratório. Ao Professor José Luis Pinto, pelos ensinamentos desde a época de graduação e por ser um exemplo de profissional. À Professora Denise Feder e demais professores e alunos do Laboratório de Biologia de Insetos do GBG/UFF, pelo grande auxílio e ensinamentos. Aos Professores e funcionários vinculados ao Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas a Produtos para Saúde (PG-CAPS)e da Faculdade de Farmácia da UFF, em especial à coordenadora Profª Kátia Lima, pelo suporte dado ao longo do trabalho realizado. À CAPES pelo suporte financeiro. Muito Obrigado VII RESUMO FERNANDES, Caio Pinho. Estudo fitoquímico e biológico da espécie vegetal Manilkara subsericea (Mart.) Dubard. Niterói, 2011. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciências Aplicadas a Produtos para Saúde, Universidade Federal Fluminense. Manilkara subsericea (Mart.) Dubard (Sapotaceae) é popularmente cohecida no Brasil como “guracica”. Neste trabalho, é descrito o fracionamento bioguiado pelo ensaio para inibidores da acetilcolinesterase de uma mistura contendo acetato de beta-amirina e acetato de alfa-amirina e a obtenção de uma mistura de ácido ursólico e ácido oleanólico. Esta é a primeira vez que a atividade anticolinesterásica de uma mistura contendo acetato de beta amirina (76,3%) e acetato de alfa amirina (23,7%) é descrita. Também foi verificada a eficiência de extratos de polaridade distintas e da misturas dos acetatos de beta e alfa amirina no desenvolvimento de duas espécies de insetos (Oncopeltus fasciatus e Dysdercus peruvianus). O extrato etanólico de folhas e os extratos hexânico, diclorometânico, acetato de etila e butanólico provenientes da partição realizada com o extrato etanólico bruto de frutos foram capazes de induzir mortalidade, atraso no desenvolvimento e inibição da muda. Além disso, os extratos hexânico, diclorometânico e butanólico, causaram mal formação em insetos adultos. Estes resultados indicam que extratos de M. subsericea atuam como inibidores do crescimento de fitófagos e que o acetato de beta amirina e acetato de alfa amirina podem ser utilizados como potenciais marcadores químicos em possíveis formulações de produtos para controle de pragas agrícolas. Extratos e fração obtida de M. subsericea foram testados frente a Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 e Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. O extrato etanólico de folhas, extrato etanólico de caules, extrato hexânico de caules, extrato diclorometânico de caules, extrato acetato de etila de caules, extrato butanólico de caules, extrato hexânico de frutos, extrato diclorometânico de frutos e a mistura dos acetatos de beta e alfa amirina mostraram atividade frente a S. aureus. Somente o extrato etanólico de caules apresentou atividade frente a E. coli. Este é o primeiro estudo sobre atividade biológicas e fitoquímico de M. subsericea e esperamos com estes resultados, contruir para a valorização desta espécie. Palavras-chave: Acetilcolinesterase, atividade antibacteriana, fitófagos, Manilkara subsericea, Restinga de Jurubatiba, triterpenos. VIII ABSTRACT FERNANDES, Caio Pinho. Phytochemical and biological study of the vegetal species Manilkara subsericea (Mart.) Dubard. Niterói, 2011. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciências Aplicadas a Produtos para Saúde, Universidade Federal Fluminense. Manilkara subsericea (Mart.) Dubard (Sapotaceae) is popularly known in Brazil as “guracica”. In the present study, it is reported the bioguided fractionation by the bioassay for anticholinesterase inhibitors of a mixture containing beta-amyrin acetate and alpha-amyrin acetate and the achievement of a mixture containing oleanolic acid and ursolic acid. This was the first time that the anticholinesterasic activity of a mixture containg the triterpenes beta- amyrin acetate (76.3%) and alpha-amyrin acetate (23.7%) was described. We also evaluated the efficacy of extracts with distinct polarity and of the mixture of beta- and alpha-amyrin acetate from Manilkara subsericea on the development of two species of agricultural pest insects (Oncopeltus fasciatus and Dysdercus peruvianus). The etanolic extract from leaves, the hexanic extract, dichloromethanic extract, ethyl acetate extract and buthanolic extract from fruits were able to induce mortality, delay development and molt inhibition. These results indicate that M. subsericea extracts acts as a potent growth inhibitor of phytophagous hemipteran nymphs and indicates that beta- and alpha-amyrin acetate can be used as chemical markers for possible formulations of products to be used in control programs against crop pests. On the present study we tested M. subsericea extracts against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 e Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. The ethanolic extract from leaves, ethanolic extract from stems, hexanic extract from stems, dichloromethanic extract from stems, ethyl acetate extract from stems, buthanolic extract from stems, hexanic extract from fruits, dichloromethanic extract from fruits and a mixture of beta- and alpha amyrin acetates showed activity against S. aureus, with exception of the the ethyl acetate extract and buthanol extract from fruits. Only the ethanolic extract from stems showed activity against E. coli. This is the first contribution about phytochemistry and biological activities of M. subsericea and we hope that these results contribute for preservation of this species. Keywords: Acetylcholinesterase, antibacterial activity, phytofagous, “Restinga de Jurubatiba”, triterpenes. IX LISTA DE ILUSTRAÇÕES Figura 1. Ilustração da localização do Parque Nacional da Restinga de Jurubatiba 2 Figura 2. Parque Nacional da Restinga de Jurubatiba 3 Figura 3. A) Ilustração de Manilkara subsericea 7 B) foto de caule, folhas e frutos coletados no Parque Nacional da Restinga de Jurubatiba Figura 4. Manilkara subsericea (Mart.) Dubard 8 Figura 5. Desenho botânico de Manilkara subsericea 10 Figura 6. Manilkara subsericea situada no Parque Nacional da restinga de Jurubatiba 11 Figura 7. Formato cabeça-cauda de unidade isoprênica 12
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Phytochemical Analysis, In-Vitro Antioxidant and Anti-Hemolysis Activity of Turbinaria Ornata (Turner) J. Agardh
    IARJSET ISSN (Online) 2393-8021 ISSN (Print) 2394-1588 International Advanced Research Journal in Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 2, Issue 12, December 2015 Phytochemical Analysis, In-vitro Antioxidant and Anti-Hemolysis Activity of Turbinaria ornata (turner) J. Agardh D. Vijayraja1 and *Dr K. Jeyaprakash2 Research and Development Centre, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India1 *Corresponding Author, Head, Department of Biochemistry, PG and Research Department of Biochemistry, Rajah Serfoji Government College, Thanjavur2 Abstract: The assault of free radicals and imbalance in oxidant and antioxidant status leads to the induction of diseases from cancers to neuro-degenerative diseases. Natural antioxidants can put a secured check over free radicals and the damages induced by them at various levels. Seaweeds are rich in bioactive compounds like sulfated polysaccharides, phlorotannins and diterpenes which are benefit for human health applications. Turbinaria ornata, the spiny leaf seaweed has been studied for its antioxidant, antiulcer, wound healing and hepatoprotective activities. In the present study, phytochemicals analysis, in vitro antioxidant and anti-hemolysis activity of Turbinaria ornata methanolic extract (TOME) in RBC model was done. The results reveal the presence of carbohydrates, alkaloids, saponins, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, coumarines, steroids and terpenoids. The UV-Vis, FTIR and GCMS analysis also elucidates the presence of phenolics and important bioactive compounds in TOME, which exhibits appreciable antioxidant activity and prevents H2O2 induced hemolysis in human RBC model by maintaining the cell membrane integrity. Key words: Turbinaria ornata, invitro antioxidant avtivity, antihemolysis, bioactive compounds. INTRODUCTION Free radicals are playing adverse role in etiology of wide acid, and ascorbic acid were obtained from Himedia spectrum of diseases from cancers to neuro-degenerative laboratory Ltd., Mumbai, India.
    [Show full text]
  • Urban Farming-Emerging Trends and Scope 709-717 Maneesha S
    ISSN 2394-1227 Volume– 6 Issue - 11 November - 2019 Pages - 130 Emerging trends and scope Indian Farmer A Monthly Magazine Volume: 6, Issue-11 November-2019 Sr. No. Full length Articles Page Editorial Board 1 Eutrophication- a threat to aquatic ecosystem 697-701 V. Kasthuri Thilagam and S. Manivannan 2 Synthetic seed technology 702-705 Sridevi Ramamurthy Editor In Chief 3 Hydrogel absorbents in farming: Advanced way of conserving soil moisture 706-708 Rakesh S, Ravinder J and Sinha A K Dr. V.B. Dongre, Ph.D. 4 Urban farming-emerging trends and scope 709-717 Maneesha S. R., G. B. Sreekanth, S. Rajkumar and E. B. Chakurkar Editor 5 Electro-ejaculation: A method of semen collection in Livestock 718-723 Jyotimala Sahu, PrasannaPal, Aayush Yadav and Rajneesh 6 Drudgery of Women in Agriculture 724-726 Dr. A.R. Ahlawat, Ph.D. Jaya Sinha and Mohit Sharma 7 Laboratory Animals Management: An Overview 727-737 Members Jyotimala Sahu, Aayush Yadav, Anupam Soni, Ashutosh Dubey, Prasanna Pal and M.D. Bobade 8 Goat kid pneumonia: Causes and risk factors in tropical climate in West Bengal 738-743 Dr. Alka Singh, Ph.D. D. Mondal Dr. K. L. Mathew, Ph.D. 9 Preservation and Shelf Life Enhancement of Fruits and Vegetables 744-748 Dr. Mrs. Santosh, Ph.D. Sheshrao Kautkar and Rehana Raj Dr. R. K. Kalaria, Ph.D. 10 Agroforestry as an option for mitigating the impact of climate change 749-752 Nikhil Raghuvanshi and Vikash Kumar 11 Beehive Briquette for maintaining desired microclimate in Goat Shelters 753-756 Subject Editors Arvind Kumar, Mohd.
    [Show full text]
  • 2016 Student Abstract Book
    Inspire, Connect, Create. Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship Greetings! On behalf of the Director's Office, it is my pleasure to welcome you to 2016 SURF Colloquium at the NIST Gaithersburg campus. Founded by scientist in the Physics Laboratory (PL) with a passion for stem outreach, the SURF Program has grown immensely since its establishment in 1993. The first cohort of the SURF Program consisted of 20 participantsfrom 8 universities primarily conducting hands-on research in the physics lab. Representing all STEM disciplines, this summer's cohort of the SURF Program includes 188 participants from 100 universities engaging in research projects in all 7 laboratories at the Gaithersburg campus. It's expected that the program will continue to grow in the future. During your attendance at the SURF Colloquium, I encourage you to interact with the SURF participants. Aside from asking questions during the sessions, I recommend networking with presenters in between sessions and/or lunch. The colloquium is the perfect venue to exchange findings and new ideas from the most recent and rigorous research in all STEM fields. Furthermore, I suggest chatting with NIST staff and scientist at the colloquium. Don't be afraid to ask questions about the on-going research in a specific NIST laboratory. Most staff and scientist love to talk about their role or research at NIST. Moreover, I invite you to share your experience at the SURF Colloquium on the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Facebook page using the hashtag, #2016SURFColloquium. Lastly, I could not conclude this letter without mentioning the individuals which make the SURF Program at NIST possible.
    [Show full text]
  • Suppressive Effect of Edible Seaweeds on SOS Response of Salmonella Typhimurium Induced by Chemical Mutagens
    Journal of Environmental Studies [JES] 2020. 22: 30-40 Original Article Suppressive effect of edible seaweeds on SOS response of Salmonella typhimurium induced by chemical mutagens Hoida Ali Badr1*, Kaori Kanemaru,Yasuo Oyama2, Kumio Yokoigawa2 1Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of science, Sohag University 82524, Sohag, Egypt. 2Faculty of bioscience and bioindustry, Tokushima University, 1-1 Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima 770-8502, Japan doi: ABSTRACT We examined antimutagenic activity of hot water extracts of twelve edible KEYWORDS seaweeds by analyzing the suppressive effect on the SOS response of Seaweed, Salmonella typhimurium induced by direct [furylframide, AF-2 and 4- Mutagens, nitroquinoline 1-oxide, 4NQO] and indirect [3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido- Polyscharide, (4,3-b) indole, Trp-P-2 and 2-amino-3-methylimidazo (4,5-f) quinoline, IQ] Eisenia bicyclis, mutagens. Antimutagenic activities of the seaweed extracts were different from each other against each mutagen used. Among the seaweeds tested, the extract of the brown alga Eisenia bicyclis (Kjellman) Setchell was found CORRESPONDING to have the strongest antimutagenic activity irrespective of the type of the mutagen used. Total phenolic compounds in E. bicyclis extract was AUTHOR calculated to be 217.9 mg GAE/g dry weight and it was very high in Hoida Ali Badr comparison with those of all other seaweed extracts. These experimental [email protected] results indicated that the hot water-soluble extract of the brown seaweed E. u.eg bicyclis has antimutagenic potential and its high phenolic content appears to be responsible for its antimutagenic activity. The E. bicyclis extract was fractionated into polysaccharide fraction and non-polysaccharide one by ethyl alcohol precipitation and the major activity was detected in the non-polysaccharide fraction which exhibited a relatively strong antimutagenic activity against all the mutagens tested.
    [Show full text]
  • Antihypertensive Effect of Aqueous Polyphenol Extracts of Amaranthusviridis and Telfairiaoccidentalis Leaves in Spon
    Journal of International Society for Food Bioactives Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods Original Research J. Food Bioact. 2018;1:166–173 Antihypertensive effect of aqueous polyphenol extracts of Amaranthusviridis and Telfairiaoccidentalis leaves in spontaneously hypertensive rats Olayinka A. Olarewaju, Adeola M. Alashi and Rotimi E. Aluko* Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada R3T 2N2 *Corresponding author: Dr. Rotimi Aluko, Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada R3T 2N2. E-mail: [email protected] DOI: 10.31665/JFB.2018.1135 Received: December 12, 2017; Revised received & accepted: February 9, 2018 Citation: Olarewaju, O.A., Alashi, A.M., and Aluko, R.E. (2018). Antihypertensive effect of aqueous polyphenol extracts of Amaranthus- viridis and Telfairiaoccidentalis leaves in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J. Food Bioact. 1: 166–173. Abstract The antihypertensive effects of aqueous polyphenol-rich extracts of Amaranthusviridis (AV) and Telfairiaocciden- talis (TO) leaves in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were investigated. The dried vegetable leaves were extracted using 1:20 (leaves:water, w/v) ratio for 4 h at 60 °C. Results showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher polyphenol contents in TO extracts (80–88 mg gallic acid equivalents, GAE/100 mg) when compared with the AV (62–67 mg GAE/100 mg). Caffeic acid, rutin and myricetin were the main polyphenols found in the extracts. The TO extracts had significantly (P < 0.05) higher in vitro inhibition of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) activity while AV extracts had better renin inhibition. Oral administration (100 mg/kg body weight) to SHR led to significant (P < 0.05) reductions in systolic blood pressure for the AV (−39 mmHg after 8 h)and TO (−24 mmHg after 4 and 8 h).The vegetable extracts also produced significant (P < 0.05) reductions in diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate when compared to the untreated rats.
    [Show full text]
  • The Biogeochemistry of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Cycling in Native Shrub Ecosystems in Senegal
    AN ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION OF Ekwe L. Dossa for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Soil Science presented on December 28, 2006. Title: The Biogeochemistry of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Cycling in Native Shrub Ecosystems in Senegal Abstract approved: Richard P. Dick Two native shrub species (Piliostigma reticulatum and Guiera senegalensis) are prominent vegetation components in farmers’ fields in Senegal. However, their role in nutrient cycling and ecosystem function has largely been overlooked. A study including both laboratory and field experiments was conducted to evaluate potential biophysical interactions of the two shrub species with soils and crops in Senegal. Carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) mineralization potential of soils incubated with residues of the two shrubs species was studied in laboratory conditions. Additionally, the effect of shrub-residue amendment on P sorption by soils was examined. Under field conditions, the effect of presence or absence of shrubs on crop productivity and nutrient recycling in soil was investigated. Another study examined shrub species effect on spatial distribution of nutrients and P fractions. Results showed shrub residues used as amendments immobilized N and P, which suggested these residues have limited value as immediate nutrient sources for crops. However, soils amended with shrub residues sorbed less P than unamended soils, indicating that when added to P-fixing soils, shrub residues could improve P availability to crops. In the absence of fertilization or when water was limiting, shrubs increased crop yield, likely through a combination of improved soil quality and water conditions associated with the shrub canopy and rhizosphere. The presence of shrubs increased nutrient-use efficiency over sole crop systems.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Phenolic Antioxidants Extraction from Four Selected Seaweeds Obtained from Sabah
    Effects of phenolic antioxidants extraction from four selected seaweeds obtained from Sabah Carmen Wai Foong Fu, Chun Wai Ho, Wilson Thau Lym Yong, Faridah Abas, Chin Ping Tan Algal have attracted attention from biomedical scientists as they are a valuable natural source of secondary metabolites that exhibit antioxidant activities. In this study, single- factor experiments were conducted to investigate the best extraction conditions (ethanol concentration, solid-to-solvent ratio, extraction temperature and extraction time) in s t extracting antioxidant compounds and capacities from four species of seaweeds n i (Sargassum polycystum, Eucheuma denticulatum , Kappaphycus alvarezzi variance Buaya r P and Kappaphycus alvarezzi variance Giant) from Sabah. Total phenolic content (TPC) and e total flavonoid content (TFC) assays were used to determine the phenolic and flavonoid r P concentrations, respectively, while 2,2-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity assays were used to evaluate the antioxidant capacities of all seaweed extracts. Results showed that extraction parameters had significant effect (p < 0.05) on the antioxidant compounds and antioxidant capacities of seaweed. Sargassum polycystum portrayed the most antioxidant compounds (37.41 ± 0.01 mg GAE/g DW and 4.54 ± 0.02 mg CE/g DW) and capacities (2.00 ± 0.01 µmol TEAC/g DW and 0.84 ± 0.01 µmol TEAC/g DW) amongst four species of seaweed. Single-factor experiments were proven as an effective tool to
    [Show full text]
  • The Effects of Dietary Phytosterol and Cholesterol Concentration in Infant Formula on Circulating Cholesterol Levels, Cholestero
    THE EFFECTS OF DIETARY PHYTOSTEROL AND CHOLESTEROL CONCENTRATION IN INFANT FORMULA ON CIRCULATING CHOLESTEROL LEVELS, CHOLESTEROL ABSORPTION AND SYNTHESIS AS WELL AS OTHER HEALTH BIOMARKERS USING NEONATE PIGLETS By Elizabeth Abosede Babawale A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies of The University of Manitoba in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Department of Food Sciences University of Manitoba, Winnipeg Copyright © 2018 by Elizabeth A. Babawale ABSTRACT High cholesterol synthesis at infancy could lead to hypercholesterolemia later in life. However, high synthesis at infancy could be traced to low dietary cholesterol especially in the formula-fed infants because they consume diets high in phytosterol (PS), a known cholesterol absorption inhibitor. High PS levels are found in vegetable oil used in infant foods. Human milk contains significant amounts of cholesterol ranging from 0.26-0.28mmol/L, compared to the very low levels in infant formula (IF) which can be as low as 0.08mmol/L. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of IF containing different levels of PS and cholesterol on circulating cholesterol levels, cholesterol absorption and synthesis, and other related health biomarkers using neonate piglets as model for human infants. A total of 32 piglets were used with 8 piglets per group fed diets of the following composition: (i) high in PS; low in cholesterol (HiPSLoChol), (ii) high in PS; high in cholesterol (HiPSHiChol), (iii) low in PS; high in cholesterol (LoPSHiChol) and (iv) low in PS; low in cholesterol (LoPSLoChol). After 21 days of study, various tissues were collected for analysis.
    [Show full text]
  • Download PDF (Português)
    Contribuição ao conhecimento e conservação da laranjinha Contribution to knowledge and conservation of laranjinha Contribution à la connaissance et la conservation des laranjinha Contribución al conocimiento y conservación de laranjinha Renan da Cruz Paulino* Gabrielly Paula de Sousa Azevedo Henriques** Maria de Fátima Barbosa Coelho*** Sandra Sely Silveira Maia**** Rodrigo Aleixo Brito de Azevedo***** Recebido em 10/10/2010; revisado e aprovado em 10/4/2011; aceito em 17/4/2011 Resumo: A laranjinha Sideroxylon obtusifolium (Humb. Ex Roem. Schult.) T.D. Penn. é uma arvore frutífera, adaptada as condições do Pantanal, Semi Árido nordestino e vales do rio São Francisco, de importância ecológica, alimentícia e medicinal. S. obtusifolium é sensível ao desaparecimento por destruição de seu habitat e uso extrativista na me- dicina popular. A casca é usada para feridas, dores, ulcera duodenal, gastrite, azia, infl amação crônica, problemas genitais, infl amação ovariana, cólica, problema renal, cardíaco, diabetes, febre e como expectorante. Nessa revisão são abordados aspectos etnobotanicos, ecológicos, químicos e de conservação desta espécie. Palavras-chave: Plantas medicinais. Etnobotânica. Pantanal. Abstract: The laranjinha Sideroxylon obtusifolium (Roem Humb. Ex. Schult.) TD Penn. is a fruitful tree, adapted to the conditions of the Pantanal, Semi-Arid Northeast of the river valleys and San Francisco, ecological importance, food and medicine. S. obtusifolium is sensitive to the disappearance of habitat destruction and extractive use in folk medicine. The bark is used for wounds, pain, duodenal ulcer, gastritis, heartburn, chronic infl ammation, genital problems, infl ammation, ovarian, colon, kidney problems, heart disease, diabetes, fever and as an expectorant. This review covers topics ethnobotanical, ecological, chemical and conservation of this species.
    [Show full text]
  • Low-Iodine Cookbook by Thyca: Thyroid Cancer Survivors Association
    Handy One-Page LID Summary—Tear-Out Copy For the detailed Free Low-Iodine Cookbook with hundreds of delicious recipes, visit www.thyca.org. Key Points This is a Low-Iodine Diet (“LID”), not a “No-Iodine Diet” or an “Iodine-Free Diet.” The American Thyroid Association suggests a goal of under 50 micrograms (mcg) of iodine per day. The diet is for a short time period, usually for the 2 weeks (14 days) before a radioactive iodine scan or treatment and 1-3 days after the scan or treatment. Avoid foods and beverages that are high in iodine (>20 mcg/serving). Eat any foods and beverages low in iodine (< 5 mcg/serving). Limit the quantity of foods moderate in iodine (5-20 mcg/serving). Foods to AVOID Foods to ENJOY • Iodized salt, sea salt, and any foods containing iodized • Fruit, fresh, frozen, or jarred, salt-free and without red salt or sea salt food dye; canned in limited quantities; fruit juices • Seafood and sea products (fish, shellfish, seaweed, • Vegetables: ideally raw or frozen without salt, except seaweed tablets, calcium carbonate from oyster shells, soybeans carrageenan, agar-agar, alginate, arame, dulse, • Beans: unsalted canned, or cooked from the dry state furikake, hiziki, kelp, kombu, nori, wakame, and other • Unsalted nuts and unsalted nut butters sea-based foods or ingredients) • Egg whites • Dairy products of any kind (milk, cheese, yogurt, • Fresh meats (uncured; no added salt or brine butter, ice cream, lactose, whey, casein, etc.) solutions) up to 6 ounces a day • Egg yolks, whole eggs, or foods containing them •
    [Show full text]
  • Screening of Phytochemical Compounds in Brown Seaweed (Turbinaria Conoides) Using TLC, UV-VIS and FTIR Analysis
    ISSN: 0974-2115 www.jchps.com Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Screening of phytochemical compounds in brown seaweed (Turbinaria conoides) using TLC, UV -VIS and FTIR analysis J.Jayabarath* and K.Jeyaprakash PG & Research Department of Biochemistry, Rajah Serfoji Government College (Autonomous), Thanjavur-05. * Corresponding Author: E-Mail: [email protected]; Phone: 9944040699 ABSTRACT The present work was carried out to investigate the medicinally active compounds present in the methanolic extract of Turbinaria conoides by using the analysis of TLC, UV-VIS and FTIR. In the present investigation, chromatographic techniques such as thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis was used to separate and isolate flavonoid compound from the crude extract of Turbinaria conoides. The solvent system of TLC was n-Butanol, Acetic acid and water in the ratio of 4:1:5 was used and its Rf value was detected. For UV-VIS Spectrophotometric analysis, the extract of Turbinaria conoides was scanned in the wavelength ranging from 190‐800 nm by using Perkin Elmer Spectrophotometer and the characteristic peaks and their absorption values were detected. For FTIR Analysis, the extract of Turbinaria conoides was focused in the transmittance ranging between 400-4000cm-1 on a Perkin Elmer Spectrophotometer system and the characteristic peak values and their functional groups were detected. From TLC analysis result, a spot was identified with Rf value was 0.66. This Rf value was compared with literature data showed that the presence of flavonoid compound as Quercetin-3-galactoside. The UV‐VIS profile showed the peaks at 200,224,232, and 669 nm with the absorption values 3.15, 4.25, 3.65 and 0.25 respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Patterns of Diversification Amongst Tropical Regions
    ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE published: 03 December 2014 doi: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00362 Patterns of diversification amongst tropical regions compared: a case study in Sapotaceae Kate E. Armstrong 1,2,3*, Graham N. Stone 2, James A. Nicholls 2, Eugenio Valderrama 2,3, Arne A. Anderberg 4, Jenny Smedmark 5, Laurent Gautier 6, Yamama Naciri 6, Richard Milne 7 and James E. Richardson 3,8 1 The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY, USA 2 Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland 3 Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland 4 Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm, Sweden 5 University Museum of Bergen, Bergen, Norway 6 Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques, Genève, Switzerland 7 Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland 8 Laboratorio de Botánica y Sistemática, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá DC, Colombia Edited by: Species diversity is unequally distributed across the globe, with the greatest concentration Marshall Abrams, University of occurring in the tropics. Even within the tropics, there are significant differences in the Alabama at Birmingham, USA numbers of taxa found in each continental region. Manilkara is a pantropical genus of Reviewed by: trees in the Sapotaceae comprising c. 78 species. Its distribution allows for biogeographic Marcial Escudero, Doñana Biological Station - Consejo Superior de investigation and testing of whether rates of diversification differ amongst tropical Investigaciones Científicas, Spain regions. The age and geographical origin of Manilkara are inferred to determine whether Ze-Long Nie, Chinese Academy of Gondwanan break-up, boreotropical migration or long distance dispersal have shaped Sciences, China its current disjunct distribution. Diversification rates through time are also analyzed to *Correspondence: determine whether the timing and tempo of speciation on each continent coincides with Kate E.
    [Show full text]