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%^ HBQ HIGH IN THE SKY. 's 18-story capitol building in Bismarck is one of the most impressive in the nation. You'll Be Well Paid... in Hmih Dakota Happy Memories... When You ...alive with Visit NORTH DAKOTA! Hem Stop for a day. Stop for a week. Stop for a few hours. vacation fun! Whatever your timetable, you'll be happy you visited North Dakota ... where you can see farther and see MORE!

Bring extra film for your camera. You'll need it. (Better yet, buy it when you get here. North Dakotans favor vacation travelers.)

In this 75th year of statehood, North Dakota's scenic beauty, historic sites and man-made attractions are still fresh, unsullied and surprisingly non-commercial. We're trying to keep it that way, so you can enjoy yourself . . . more. In Roosevelt Park you'll see live buffalo ... just as in the days of Cody and Custer. The air is clean out here, the sunshine bright, the people friendly. Wouldn't this year be a good year for you to find out for yourself? Sincerely,

Jim Hawley, Director North Dakota Travel Department State Capitol Bismarck, North Dakota Cute, curious and always hungry . . . these frolicking, furry prairie dogs are popular camera game. tum fk excilewtewt 4 ih OLD WEST Uta MODERN SETTING

Many of the nation's top rodeo stars started as cowboys on North Dakota ranches. You can see them ride at our weekly cow country contests.

Infantry Blockhouse at Fort McKeen (near ), where troopers of Custer's 7th Cavalry stood guard over , on the "big muddy" banks.

Yes, there are still Indians here . . .• as in New York, Oklahoma and Wisconsin. The cowboy is here, too . . . on horseback or in a jeep. (But on week-ends they probably go fishing Mount up . . . and ride the rugged Badlands trails. or water-skiing.) You'll feel the Old West come alive as you roam where Whatever your taste in fun . . . from Roosevelt chased rustlers and hunted buffalo. rock-collecting to rodeos . . . you'll find it in North Dakota. The colorful history and scenic beauty of the Old West is right outside your motel or hotel door! 9R KwtfeVakeio. NfllUKAL UMVt ia UIWIMMM!

Following a wilderness trail on horseback, or viewing them from In every season, our scenic wonders will call you back. an automobile or on foot, the North Dakota Badlands are as fresh Ski the thrilling slopes, walk through powdery white and unspoiled as the day that Mother Nature created them drifts, or photograph the ermine trimmed trees . . . centuries ago. there's winter fun for everyone.

In the quiet, sun-warmed waters of our many lakes you can feel the relaxing tonic of unspoiled nature. Watch the last rays of sunset paint vivid hues on sky and landscape . . . you'll treasure these moments for a lifetime. O STATE CAPITOL: At Bismarck see the 18-story O HEART OF THE CONTINENT: An impressive skyscrapercapitol building .. . the State Historical cairn at Rugby marks the geographical center Society Museum of early-day Indian and military of North America. relics . . . the Camp Hancock Museum. Just 0 PEACE GARDEN: In the Turtle Mountains an across the Missouri River, at Mandan, visit the eternal monument to peace and friendship be­ site of Fort Abraham Lincoln where Custer's 7th tween the United States and Canada, are the Cavalry started its trek to the Little Big Horn . . . beautiful formal International Peace Gardens. see picturesque blockhouses ... enjoy the colorful outdoor drama, "Trail West." O LAKE METIGOSHE State Park nestles in the heart of the scenic Turtle Mountains. Modern O THEODORE ROOSEVELT NATIONAL MEMO­ facilities welcome you to enjoy camping, hunt­ RIAL PARK: In the heart of the North Dakota Bad­ ing, swimming and fishing on the shores of Lake lands, you'll thrill to brilliantly colored tablelands Metigoshe. and buttes—as you drive through the North and South units. Spectacular view of the Grand Can­ 0 FORT TOTTEN STATE PARK: The only cavalry yon of the Little Missouri . . . petrified forests . . . square of its type still intact is found in the Park, abutting Fort Totten Indian Reservation —home prairie dog town . . . the Maltese Cross Ranch of the Cut Head Sioux and Chippewa Indians. Cabin of Teddy Roosevelt ... an underground The old fort, now undergoing a restoration pro­ lignite vein burning for years. Excellent hiking gram, contains an excellent pioneer museum. and riding trails. At Medora, visit the Chateau Nearby is Sully's Hill National Game Reserve, de Mores ... a 28-room museum formerly the with its herds of buffalo, elk and deer. mansion of a wealthy French nobleman and legendary figure of the 80's. In the evening, an © : Along U. S. outdoor drama for the whole family, "Old Four Highway No. 2 is this scenic, restful spot . . . with Eyes." picnic and bathing facilities, modern overnight cabins. 0 "LOST BRIDGE" ROAD: One of the most scenic drives in North Dakota . . . skirts the Kill­ O PEMBINA MOUNTAIN SCENIC ROUTE: deer Mountains, scene of the "Battle of the Kill- nice side-trip, especially for visitors from Canada. deers" between the Sioux and General Sully . . . Three routes from Walhalla travel picturesque drops 700 feet from the foothills to the beautiful wooded mountains through scenic and historic sites. Badlands of the Little Missouri River . . . wends through colorful bottomlands. All hard-surface 0 FORT ABERCROMBIE: In 1857 this was the from Killdeer north to Junction Highway No. 23. western outpost of the settlers' advance. Authen­ tic restored infantry blockhouses and museum. 0 OIL FIELDS: Between Dickinson and Medora you'll see the Fryburg oil fields. In the Tioga- 0 BALD HILL DAM: North of Valley City, here Williston area, the famous Beaver Lodge-Tioga is 40-mile-long Lake Ashtabula, man-made to fields, where oil flows from two mile depths under trap the waters of the Sheyenne. Swimming, rich agricultural cropland. In north central North boating, fishing for northern pike. Dakota you'll see grotesquely-shaped pumpers © BIGGEST BUFFALO: On a hill overlooking bring up crude from shallow oil fields. Interstate Highway No. 94, near Jamestown, you'll 0 COAL MINES: Above-ground mining of the see the world's largest buffalo . . . one that Paul Bunyan missed. Also at Jamestown, fish, swim world's largest single concentrated solid fuel re­ or go boating near the Jamestown dam . . . and serve—lignite. visit Livesay Floral Park. 0 MIGHTY GARRISON: Rapidly developing rec­ 0 WHITESTONE HILL HISTORIC SITE ... scene reational areas dot the 1,500-mile shoreline of of North Dakota's most savage Indian-U. S. cavalry the giant lake created by Garrison Dam, key battle. Site includes imposing granite monument structure in control of the Missouri River . . . of cavalry bugler with graves of soldiers who died state parks, fishing and picnic sites, boating, there gathered at the base. Museum contains swimming areas, wildlife refuges. Tours avail­ Indian artifacts and other historical relics. A able of the intake structure and power house. pleasant side trip 15 miles west of U. S. 281. Wk&w&i yew got Hcm'o MORE h dd... What do you like to do? Climb a butte? (White Butte is 3,506 feet high.) Swim? Fish? Water-ski? Ride Horse-back? Hunt fowl or game? Or maybe you like to be entertained . MOREto&ee by natural beauty . . . historical sites . . . rodeos . . . Indian dances . . . museums . . . outdoor dramas? Come to North Dakota— there's something to see and do that matches every taste.

nmmii «IIIIMOH1 Our miniature great lakes are ideal for sailing . . . and there's plenty of room for water-skiing and power boating, too. It's more scenic and safer in North Dakota. Pheasant, duck, geese, partridge —you'll find them in North Dakota in season. To say nothing of deer and antelope. It all adds up to the best variety of good hunting in the midwest.

The buffalo that fed Custer's Canada and the United States pledge themselves to cavalry and the "gandy-dancers" building on Jim Hill's railroad lasting friendship in the 2,200 acre International have now been pretty well Peace Gardens in the Turtle Mountains. Beautifully replaced with thousands of landscaped formal gardens. Angus, Hereford and Shorthorns ... all branded . . . that make up North Dakota's million dollar livestock industry. It. .•£*<

Most fascinating little animals you've ever seen—these playful prairie dogs. You'll find them in the Badlands in "Prairie Dog Town."

" p £nj*uj Opm Ah Fan and Outdrnfi VKOMM The great free sweep of our broad state is felt in every activity and event. North Dakotan's are hardy, happy folks who enjoy outdoor life . . . and they want you to share it with them. Thousands have thrilled to General Custer's sharp commands and the stirring words of Teddy Roosevelt at outdoor dramas near Mandan and Medora. Watch history unfold under a roof of stars at the places where these famous men made history.

If you like fishing, North Dakota lakes offer trout, Drive the tree-lined river roads, country trails of pike, sauger, walleye, bass, many panfish. Special the wide, open spaces . . . you'll feel the friendly licenses for visitors are available at sporting goods spirit of our state in every mile you travel. stores.

Recreational areas dot the 1,500-mile shoreline of Every corner of the state offers outdoor living at the giant lake created by Garrison Dam, key structure its best. Pitch your tent in one of many state parks in Missouri river control. Tours available of the or private camp-grounds for the best time of your life. intake structure and powerhouse. The 7th Cavalry says goodby Teddy meets a French Duke IjiMi'EC £tt|wj IJwi* Ttty MORE m NORTH DAKOTA INTERSTATE and U.S. HIGHWAYS!

A century ago the Red River Val­ ley ox-cart . . . today super-high­ ways speed you anywhere in North Dakota! This is part of Interstate No. 94, stretching over 200 miles across North Dakota. In addition there are Interstate No. 29, and U. S. Highways 2, 10, 12, 85, 81, Along all our highways 52, 281 and 83. there are rest areas every thirty or forty miles . . . with facilities which include picnic tables, shelter, drinking water, cooking grills and rest rooms. If you wish to camp out, write for complete camping directory. HISTORY OF NORTH DAKOTA

North Dakota has been the scene of human life since the in- ... wfcete Aqtiwilwie and 9nduAfc>ttj terglacial periods of the Pleistocene and post-glacial times. Human skeletons have been discovered among the beaches of former glacial Lake Agassiz. Although as yet unproven, there are indications that the Vikings may have entered the Red River Valley via the Red River of Hmi "Ga Steady" Tctgeifcet... the North in one of their explorations. The Mandan Indians are usually considered the first of the Indian tribes in the state at the advent of the European recorders. Happily coupled with North Dakota's rich, agricultural economy These were followed by the (GrosVentres, Minitari), Ab- saroke, Cheyenne, Assiniboin (Stone) Sioux (Dakota), and the Chippewa (Ojibway). is an exciting, rapidly growing industrial economy— Four sovereign powers have claimed the area now included within North Dakota. In 1682, LaSalle claimed for France all mostly without smokestacks—oil wells, vast lignite beds, lands drained by the Missouri River, which were later ceded to Spain. In 1800 this land was returned to France and was included In western North Dakota, there in the Louisiana Purchase of 1803. The French through La- tremendous salt, clay, gravel and gas resources, and the Verendrye claimed the Mouse (Souris) and Red River drainage are now more than 3,000 pro­ systems in 1738. This area was lost to the British who granted key source in the generation and transmission of ducing oil wells. Between Dick­ it by treaty to the United States in 1818, when the 49th parallel inson and Fryburg, you'll see was defined as our northern boundary. the Fryburg oil fields. Near Among explorers and trappers featured in North Dakota's electrical energy for a multi-state area. history was LaVerendrye, the first European to leave a record Williston you'll see the famous of his travels through the State in 1738. The Lewis and Clark Beaver Lodge-Tioga fields. expeditions in 1804-05 and 1806 are of primary importance in our history. Other explorers include Manuel Lisa - 1809; Brad­ bury, Breckenridge, Buttall - 1811; Catlin - 1832-1833; Maxi- Agriculture is still North Dakota's No. 1 wealth-producing industry . . . millian - 1833-1834; Jean Nicollet and John C. Fremont - 1839; Audubon - 1843 and 1. I. Stevens - 1853. The principal fur being first in the nation in hard spring wheat production, in flax, trading posts were Fort Union at the mouth of the Yellowstone barley and in durum . . . from which macaroni products are made. River, Fort Clark near the Knife River on the Missouri and several Potatoes, soybeans and sugar-beets are important, too ... as are posts in the Pembina region. beef cattle, hogs, sheep and dairy cattle. Military posts established included Forts Abercrombie, Pembina, Totten, Ransom, Seward, Rice, Abraham Lincoln, Stevenson and Buford. Early travelers and explorers traveled by boat, saddle horse, wagon train or oxcart. Well known routes include the Black Hills Trail, from Fort Abraham Lincoln to Deadwood; the West Plains Trail, from St. Paul-Minneapolis to Winnipeg via the Red River Valley; and the Fort Keogh Trail, from Fort Abraham Lincoln to Miles City. The fur traders operated boats on the Missouri and Red Rivers, which were replaced in time by steamboats and later by the railroads. North Dakota was settled rapidly. The soils of the east were suitable for cultivation and the plains to the west were suitable for ranching. Bonanza Farms, such as the Cass-Dalrymple-Cheney Farms of 75,000 acres, spread the fame of the Red River Valley, ^V#t and within 20 years the population jumped approximately 187,000 people, almost a 500°= increase between 1870 and 1880. The 1960 census indicated a population of 632,446 in the State's 52 counties. North Dakota has historically been a raw materials exporter. Conversely, it is a manufactured and finished goods importer. To >*. more equally balance the economy, the State is working towards inducing manufacturers to locate here. As a result, from 1954 to 1958, North Dakota displayed the third highest industrial growth The pick and shovel of yesterday would make but a rate increase in the United States. small impression on North Dakota's 600 billion tons Economic potentials appear to lie in the areas of grain-products processing, livestock finishing and butchering, livestock products of lignite, which giant machines now mine to generate processing, mineral finishing (ore-separation), the petro-chemical electric power. industries and the electrometallurgical industries. HISTORICAL CHRONOLOGY CHRONOLOGY

1682 LaSalle, French explorer, by his Proces-Verbal, claimed I Bismarck became western terminus of Northern 1907 State School of Forestry opened at Bottineau. 1949 Theodore Roosevelt National Park was dedi­ part of North Dakota drained by Missouri River for France. Pacific Railway. July 11, Col. C A. Lounsberry published cated June 4th. first issue of Bismarck Tribune, State's oldest newspaper 1909 First State child labor law was enacted. State 1738 Pierre de LaVerendrye, first white man to enter North in existence today. Library Commission was created, 1951 Oil was discovered near Tioga in April. Dakota, visited Mandan Indians on the Missouri. 1874 First newspaper in Red River Valley, The Ex­ 1913 State Normal School opened at Minot. 1952 Second largest farm year on record in State. 1762 France transferred land claimed by LaSalle to Spain. press, was printed at Fargo. Custer verified report of gold in Black Hills. 1915 Non-partisan League organized in February, 1763 By Treaty of , England obtained title to part of State 1953 President Dwight Eisenhower attended and drained by Mouse and Red River. 1875 Era of bonanza farming began. War Department 1918 State Normal School opened at Dickinson. spoke at the closure ceremonies at the Garrison Dam. permitted white settlement on reservations in violation of A new oil field was discovered in Billings County. First 1797 Charles Chaboillez of the North West Company estab­ Laramie treaty, precipitating uprisings among the Sioux. 1919 Bank of North Dakota was organized. Industrial television stations in State were established. lished the first trading post in the State at Pembina. Commission was created. 1876 May 17, Custer left Fort Abraham Lincoln for 1954 First large petroleum refinery in North Dakota 1800 Spain ceded American possessions back to France after 1920 Recall Measure was passed. April 29, contract campaign of the Little Big Horn. June 25, Custer's im­ was dedicated at Mandan October 2. adjustment of territorial holdings. Alexander Henry, Jr. opened fur mediate command was annihilated by Sioux at battle of was awarded for building State Mill and Elevator at trading post at Park River. Grand Forks. Little Big Horn. 1955 July 1, Garrison Diversion Conservancy District 1802 March 12, first non-Indian child in State, a girl, was born 1922 WDAY, first North Dakota radio station, was organized to plan for irrigation of 250,000 acres, in­ 1880 James J. Hill began building Great Northern itially in 25 counties. to Peirre Bonza and wife, who were Negroes, at Henry's post at Railway through State. Lignite mining was opened in opened at Fargo. First bus line in State was established. Pembina. western North Dakota. 1928 Air mail service between the Twin Cities and 1958 August 4, first potato flake plant in North Da­ 1803 Louisiana Purchase made southwestern North Dakota part 1881 Northern Pacific reached border. Winnipeg, through North Dakota, was inaugurated. kota established at Grand Forks. "Teddy Roosevelt's of the United States. Life," an outdoor drama, opened in Medora. 1882 Great Northern was completed through Red 1929 Prolonged drought throughout Northwest began. 1804-05 Lewis and Clark, accompanied by Sakakawea, crossed River Valley to Canada. 1959 Custer drama, Gen. Custer historical drama, North Dakota on their journey to the Pacific. 1930 December 28, capitol was destroyed by fire. opened at Mandan. 1883 Territorial capital was moved from Yankton to 1807 December 29, the first white child in State was born at Bismarck. University of North Dakota opened at Grand 1932 October 8, Vice-President Charles M. Curtis Pembina. dedicated cornerstone of new S2,000,000 capitol. Pro­ 1960 Mining operations at first North Dakota salt Forks. Marquis de Mores opened packing plant at Me­ mine began at Williston. Cheese plant established at dora. Theodore Roosevelt came to North Dakota for his hibition clause of State Constitution was repealed. 1832 Yellowstone, first steamboat to navigate Missouri River in Lefor. First new cheese plant in North Dakota in many health and began ranching near Medora. First labor years. Nine more established in next three years. North Dakota, made a voyage to Fort Union. union in North Dakota was formed at Bismarck. 1936 Referendum legalized sale of liquor in the State. President F. D. Roosevelt visited State and made tour 1851 First North Dakota post office was established at Pembina 1885 State hospital was opened at Jamestown. Ter­ of drought areas in August. 1963 Construction started of Leland Olds Electric with Kittson as postmaster. Charles Cavileer brought ritorial prison, later State penitentiary, opened at Steam Generation Power Plant by Basin Electric Co­ settlers to Pembina from Minnesota to form first permanent white Bismarck. 1937 Water Conservation Commission was estab­ operative at Stanton. First bus assembly plant in North agricultural colony in State. First flour mill in State was con­ lished. Dakota opened at Pembina. Plant will turn out one new structed at Walhalla by Father Belcourt. February 22, Congress passed En­ bus per day. abling Act; July 4, State Con­ 1940 State staff of North Dakota National Guard 1859 January 5, Anson Northrup, first steamboat on Red River 1889 stitutional Convention was held at was ordered into federal service on October 11. North Dakota celebrated 75 years started trip from Fort Abercrombie to Winnipeg. Bismarck. October 1, State Constitution was adopted. of Statehood. November 2, President Harrison admitted North Dakota 1964 1941 Several divisions of North Dakota National 1861 Dakota Territory was officially organized. President Lin­ to statehood. November 19, first legislature met at Guard were ordered into federal military service coln appointed William Jayne first governor of Dakota Territory. Bismarck.

1863 January 1, Dakota Territory opened for homesteading. 1890 State Normal School opened at Valley City. 1943 North Dakota led in per capita war bond sales. General Henry H. Sibley and General Alfred H. Sully were sent State Agricultural College opened at Fargo. State Nor­ Prepared by out to punish Sioux who participated in Minnesota massacre. They mal School opened at Mayville. School for the Deaf 1944 State placed first in nation in production of NORTH DAKOTA conducted an extensive campaign through North Dakota. opened at Devils Lake. spring wheat, durum, barley, and acres of certified seed potatoes. DIAMOND JUBILEE COMMITTEE in cooperation with the 1864 In July, first North Dakota newspaper, The Scout, 1893 Industrial School at Ellendale (later State was issued at Fort Union. Normal and Industrial School) was established. 1946 Construction of Garrison Dam was begun. NORTH DAKOTA TRAVEL DEPARTMENT Capitol Building 1871 reached Fargo. First North Da­ 1904 State School of Science opened at Wahpeton. 1947 President Harry S. Truman signed bill provid­ BISMARCK, NORTH DAKOTA kota telegraph line was put in operation between Fort Abercrombie School for the Feeble-minded (later the Grafton State ing for Theodore Roosevelt National Memorial Park in and Winnipeg. School) opened at Grafton. North Dakota.