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“GEOGRAFI REGIONAL DUNIA” =Erora Utara Dan Eropa Tengah

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“GEOGRAFI REGIONAL DUNIA” =Erora Utara Dan Eropa Tengah “GEOGRAFI REGIONAL DUNIA” =Erora Utara dan eropa tengah- Sanksi Pelanggaran Pasal 113 Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 tentang Hak Cipta, sebagaimana yang telah diatur dan diubah dari Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2002, bagwa: Kutipan Pasal 113 1. Setiap Orang yang dengan tanpa hak melakukan pelanggaran hak ekonomi sebagaimana dimaksud dalam pasala 9 ayat (1) hurif i untuk Penggunaan Secara Komersial dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 1 (satu) tahun dan/atau pidana denda paling banyak Rp100.000.000,-(seratus juta rupiah 2. Setiap Orang yang dengan tanpa hak dan/atau tanpa izin Pencipta atau Pemegang Hak Cipta melakukan pelanggaran hak ekonomi Pencipta sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 9 ayat (1) huruf c, huruf d, huruf f, dan/atau huruf h untuk Penggunaan Secara Komersial dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 3 (tiga) tahun dan/atau pidana denda paling banyak Rp500.000.000,- (lima ratus juta rupiah) 3. Setiap Orang yang dengan tanpa hak dan/atau tanpa izin Pencipta atau pemegang Hak Cipta mek=lakukan pelanggaran hak ekonomi Pencpta sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 9 ayat (1) huruf a, huruf b, huruf e, dan/atau huruf g untuk Penggunaan Secara Komersial dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 4 (empat) tahun dan/atau pidana denda paling banyak Rp1.000.000.000,- (satu miliyar rupiah) 4. Setiap Prang yang memenuhi unsur sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (3) yang dilakukan dalam bentuk pembajakan , dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 10 (sepuluh) tahun dan/auatu pidana denda paling banyak Rp4.000.000.000,- (empat miliyar rupiah) GEOGRAFI REGIONAL DUNIA EROPA UTARA & EROPA TENGAH GEOGRAFI UNP Geografi Regional Dunia “Eopra Utara dan Eropa Tengah” Copyright ©2019 Kode Mata Kuliah : GEO1.62.5007 13,5 x 20,5 cm xii 200 hlm Oleh Khairul Zikri Rahayu Lestari Ikhsan Hanapi Dosen Pembimbing Risky Ramadhan, S.Pd., M.Si PRODI GEOGRAFI JURUSAN GEOGRAFI FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL UNIVERSITAS NEGERI PADANG Jl. Prof.Dr.Hamka Kompleks Universitas Negeri Padang Air Tawar, Padang, Indonesia PERHATIAN!!! Buku ini dibuat sebagai tugas akhir semester pada mata kuliah Geografi Regional Dunia KATA PENGANTAR Alhamdulillahirabbil’aalamin,segala puji dan rasa syukur penulis sampaikan kepada Allah SWT Karena berkat Rahmad dan Karunia-Nya Buku Geografi Regional Dunia “Eropa Utara dan Eropa Tengah” ini terselesaikan tepat waktu mengingat tugas dan kewajiban penulis sebagai seorang mahasiswa yang bersamaan hadir. Penulis benar-benar merasa tertantang untuk mewujudkan buku ini sebagai bagian untuk mempertahankan slogan pribadi Berkarya dan Berbagi. Buku ini ditulis berdasarkan keinginan penulis karena sebagai seorang mahasiswa sering kewalahan mencari buku sumber. Kebanyakan buku yang tersedia bercerita tentang Geografi Regional Dunia dalam bahasa Inggris dan tidak sesuai dengan Kurikulum yang Berlaku di Jurusan Geografi Universitas Negeri Padang. Buku ini menyajikan materi-materi mengenai Kondisi Fisiografis dan Sosiografis Negara-Negara di Eropa Utara dan Eropa Tengah. Dalam buku ini juga telah sesuai dengan Silabus Rencana Pembelajaran Semester Mata Kuliah Geografi Regional Dunia di Jurusan Geografi Universitas Negeri Padang. Terselesaikannya penulisan buku ini juga tidak terlepas dari bantuan beberapa pihak. Karena itu, penulis menyampaikan terima kasih kepada Risky Ramadhan, S.Pd., M.Si sebagai dosen pengampuh mata kuliah Geografi Regional Dunia di Geografi UNP dan Teman-teman se-Angkatan Program Studi Geografi 2017 yang sangat mendukung secara moril dalam penulisan buku ini. Kerana dengan bantuan tersebut, penulisan buku ini dapat terselesaikan dengan baik. Penulis berkeyakinan bahwa dapat mendukung penulis dalam upaya meningkatkan kualitas diri dan karya untuk waktu yang akan datang. Selain itu, meskipun telah berusaha untuk menghindarkan kesalahan, penulis menyadari juga bahwa buku ini masih mempunyai kelemahan sebagai kekurangannya. Karena itu, penulis berharap agar pembaca berkenan menyampaikan kritikan. Dengan segala pengharapan dan keterbukaan, penulis menyampaikan rasa terimakasih dengan setulus-tulusnya. Krtik merupakan perhatian agar dapat menuju kesempurnaan.Akhir kata, penulis berharap agar buku ini dapat membawa manfaat kepada pembaca. Secara khusus, penulis berharap semoga buku ini dapat menginspirasi generasi bangsa ini agar dapat menjadi generasi yang tanggap dan tangguh. Jadilah generasi yang bermartabat, kreatif dan mandiri. Padang, Desember 2018 Penulis i ii DAFTAR ISI KATA PENGANTAR .................................................................................................................. v DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................................................. ii EROPA UTARA .......................................................................................................................... 1 Bagian 1. GAMBARAN UMUM EROPA UTARA ...................................................................... 2 Bagian 2. NEGARA-NEGARA DI EROPA UTARA .................................................................. 3 Bagian 3. KONDISI FISIOGRAFIS DAN SOSIOGRAFIS NEGARA DI EROPA UTARA .... 5 A. Denmark ........................................................................................................................ 5 B. Estonia ........................................................................................................................... 20 C. Finlandia ........................................................................................................................ 36 D. Islandia .......................................................................................................................... 53 E. Irlandia ........................................................................................................................... 70 F. Latvia ............................................................................................................................. 83 G. Lithuania ........................................................................................................................ 94 H. Norwegia ....................................................................................................................... 106 I. Swedia ........................................................................................................................... 118 J. Uited Kingdom .............................................................................................................. 133 EROPA TENGAH ....................................................................................................................... 146 Bagian 1. GAMBARAN UMUM EROPA TENGAH ................................................................... 147 Bagian 2. NEGARA-NEGARA DI EROPA TENGAH ................................................................ 148 Bagian 3. KONDISI FISIOGRAFIS DAN SOSIOGRAFIS EROPA TENGAH ......................... 149 A. Austria ........................................................................................................................... 149 B. Republik Ceko ............................................................................................................... 158 C. Jerman ........................................................................................................................... 167 D. Hungaria ........................................................................................................................ 176 E. Liechtenstein ................................................................................................................. 186 F. Polandia ......................................................................................................................... 193 G. Slovakia ......................................................................................................................... 207 H. Switzelamd .................................................................................................................... 215 EVALUASI .................................................................................................................................. 223 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................................................................... 224 iii EROPA UTARA BAGIAN 1 GAMBARAN UMUM EROPA UTARA Eropa Utara adalah wilayah geografis di Eropa yang kira-kira utara dari pantai selatan Laut Baltik, yaitu sekitar 54 ° LU. Definisi yang lebih sempit mungkin didasarkan pada faktor geografis lain seperti iklim dan ekologi. Definisi yang lebih luas akan mencakup wilayah utara Pegunungan Alpen. Negara-negara yang merupakan pusat-barat (seperti Belgia dan Swiss), pusat (seperti Austria) atau pusat-timur (seperti Hongaria dan Polandia) biasanya tidak dianggap sebagai bagian dari Eropa Utara atau Selatan. Secara historis, ketika Eropa didominasi oleh Kekaisaran Romawi, segala sesuatu yang tidak dekat wilayah Mediterania disebut Eropa Utara, termasuk Jerman selatan, semua Low Countries, dan Austria. Makna ini masih digunakan sampai sekarang dalam beberapa konteks, misalnya, diskusi Renaissance Utara. Eropa Utara dapat didefinisikan secara kasar untuk mencakup beberapa atau semua bidang berikut: Kepulauan Inggris, Fennoscandia, semenanjung Jutland, dataran Baltik yang terletak di sebelah timur dan banyak pulau yang terletak di lepas pantai dari daratan Eropa Utara dan benua Eropa utama . Dalam beberapa kasus, Greenland juga disertakan. Sebagian wilayahnya bergunung-gunung, termasuk pulau-pulau
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