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THE KELLY'S OF COUNTY DOWN *$P * FILMED OCT 2 0 1999

A record of the origins and history of the Kelly's of County Down, Ireland, with particular reference to the Kelly's of Newtownards and surrounding parishes.

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FAMILY HISTORY LIBRARY 35 NORTH WEST TEMPLE SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH 84150 PREFACE & ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The reason for my undertaking this history was to record and describe the research I have carried out into my Kelly ancestry. From an examination of birth and death certificates in New Register House, Edinburgh, see pages 76-81, I managed to trace the place of origin of my great great grandfather, i.e. Charles Kelly to Newtownards, County Down, Ireland.

In the process of conducting my research, I collected information from a number of sources concerning individuals named Kelly who were living in County Down, particularly the Newtownards area. The initial intention of this history was therefore to describe my research strategy and the location and use of source material in Ireland and Scotland.

During my research however, I became interested in the origin of the Kelly's of County Down and of the wider social, political and economic conditions that may have affected the Kellys, particularly during the plantation period of the early 17th century.

I have divided this history into two parts. This should assist the reader in an understanding of the material and should also allow the reader to concentrate on those areas of particular interest. Part 1, composed of five sections, consists of general information regarding the Kelly's of County Down, particularly north Down. Part 2, composed of two sections is concerned with my research into the family origins of Charles Kelly of Newtownards; finally there are the appendices.

In the course of my research into the origin of the Kelly's of Down, I made use of several excellent publications. I wish to acknowledge the support of the following authors and publishers in giving permission for my use of extracts from their work. Dr Raymond Gillespie (Colonial Ulster) , Dr Trevor McCavery (Newtownards), Dr Philip Robinson (The Ulster Plantation), Cork University Press (Colonial Ulster) , The Ulster Historical Foundation (The Ulster Plantation & Scottish Migration to Ulster) and BT Batsford Ltd (Ulster, An Illustrated History). Finally I wish to thank the Public Record Office of Northern Ireland for permission to include material from PRONI sources.

I wish to dedicate this history to my ancestor Charles Kelly of Newtownards on the 100tn anniversary of his death, i.e. 1899-1999. Like countless thousands of other Irishmen and women, Charles left his native land in the hope of a better life; he found this in Scotland.

In the year when peace is hopefully secured in Ulster, it is only fitting that this work is also dedicated to all the Kelly's of County Down, Catholic, Protestant and Dissenter. Whatever their faith, political allegiance or cultural tradition, the Kelly's of Down share a rich history and a beautiful country. As we say here in Scotland, "Wha's like usr damn few, and their aw deid!" CONTENTS

Part 1: The Kelly's of County Down

Section 1: General background historical and genealogical information regarding the Irish Sept. or family of Kelly or 0'Kelly and the geographical location and origin of the Kellys of County Down in particular; pages 4-19. Section 2: A discussion of pre-plantation County Down, i.e. the social, political and economic conditions under which the Kellys may have lived before the early 17th century; pages 20-42.

Section 3: A discussion of Scots Kelly's, their places of origin and possible migration to Ulster; pages 43-54.

Section 4: A description of the early 17th century settlement of County Down and of relations between the incoming Scots and the native Irish; pages 55-68. y Section 5: Some comments regarding Manx, Cornish and Devon Kelly's and also the movement of Kellys to America; pages 69-75.

Part 2: The Kelly Family of Newtownards.

Section 1: A description of my Scottish Research, i.e. both methods and sources I used and the results I obtained; pages 76-61.

Section 2: A description of my Irish research, again including sources, methods and the results obtained. This section includes information gathered from various genealogical sources; pages 82-131.

Bibliography, page 132.

Appendices 1) Tithe Records 2) Griffiths Valuation 3) 1901 Census 4) 1911 Census 5) Kelly Descendants

List of Maps Page 7 Ulidia Page 10 Earldom of Ulster Page 12 South Clandeboy Page 14 Ulster circa 1602 Page 15 North Down (late 16th century) Page 16 Parishes of County Down Page 35 Celtic Maritime Province Page 39 Tudor Wars Page 47 Wigtownshire & Dumfriesshire Page 51 Galloway & Ulster Page 60 Ultonia Page 65 Baronies of County Down Page 83 Counties of Ireland Page 85 Map of County Down (1846) Page 90 Griffiths/Tithe Kelly Entries SECTION 1

a) Origin of the Kellys. (Page 5) b) Ulidia. (Page 6)

c) The Dal Fiatach. (Page 6)

d) The Danes. (Page 8) /

e) The English Invasion. (Page 10) f) The Kelly's of Clandeboye. (Page 12) g) Clan Brassil McGoolechan. (Page 17) h) Conclusion (Page 19) a) Origin of the Kellys:

The surname Kelly or 0'Kelly is the second most common in Ireland. Contrary to popular belief, all those bearing the name are not descended from the same ancestor. The name in fact originated in at least ten different locations throughout the island. Although the accepted spelling of the name is Kelly or sometimes Kellie, these are anglicisations of the Irish surname 0'Ceallaigh, meaning son of war or contention.

The traditional locations of the different septs were as follows:

l-The 0'Kellys of Ui Maine, in Connaught, covering the Eastern part of County Galway, South Roscommon and parts of County Clare and a small part of County Offaly.

2-0'Kellys of Breagh, lords of an extensive district embracing a large portion of Co. Meath and North Co. Dublin.

3-0'Kellys of Leighe, now Lea, in Co. Laois.

4-0'Kellys of Magh Druchtain, Co. Laois.

5-0'Kellys of Gallen, Co. Laois.

6-0'Kellys of Ui Teigh, in the north of Co. Wicklow.

7-0'Kellys of Ard 0 gCeallaigh, in the parish of Templeboy, Co. Sligo.

8-0'Kellys of Corca Laoighdhe, in the southwest of Co. Cork.

9-0'Kellys of Ulster, i.e. Counties Derry and Antrim, originating in the Barony of Loughinsholin, Co. Derry.

io-O'Kellys of South Clandeboy, North Co. Down.

As I believe my Kelly family is descended from the Kellys or 0'Kellys of North County Down, it is this particular Sept, which my research is concerned with.

It is always interesting to attempt to discover the earliest references to the origins of one's family. In the case of the Kelly's of Down, as in most other genealogical research, the early origins of the family, i.e. pre 16th century are difficult to ascertain.

There are various manuscripts and other documentary sources, which relate the events of early Irish history. These include the Annals of the Four Masters and the earlier Annals of Ulster. Whilst they do not mention the Kelly's of Down by name, these manuscripts do relate events involving the earlier social grouping the Kellys may have descended from. The Annals of Ulster were compiled in the monastery of lona around the year 563 AD. The Annals and similar manuscripts should not be regarded as historically accurate, as they were probably written as a form of propaganda to justify the dominance of particular groups at a later date. They do however allow a picture of sixth and seventh century Irish politics to be created. b) Dlidia:

One theory regarding the origin of the Kelly's of North County Down was postulated by an Irish genealogist named Duald MacFirbis.

Duald MacFirbis stated that the name Kelly was of Dal-Fiatach origin, being descended from "Ceallagh'', one of the 12 sons of Bee Boirche, king of Ulidia who died in AD 716.

The Annals of Ulster relate how the three Collas i.e. Princes, undertook a campaign of aggressive warfare against the Ulaid in the 4th century. The "Three Collas", namely Eogan, Conall and Enda were all sons of Niall of the Nine Hostages who styled himself King of : Ireland. •;..'- \ - .-: .•;• '- " '," .-•

The Collas marched into Ulster and with the assistance of the Firbolgs of Connaught, defeated the Ulidians at the battle of Achaderg, AD 332 in the barony of? Iveagh.

The Annals of Ulster tell how the Ulidians, formerly controlling a large area of Northern Ireland were forced from Donegal and north Meath after the battle at Achaderg. The area they now controlled was much reduced and lay to the east of Glenrighe, i.e. the glen of the Newry river, Lough Neagh and the Bann, a territory encompassing the modern County of Down and part of Antrim.

Two of Nialls sons, i.e. Eogan and Conall were to establish kingdoms in north and west Ulster, named Tir Eogain and Tir Conaill respectively, their descendants being referred to as the northern Ui Neill. There was to be no love lost between the Ulidians and the Ui Neill in the coming centuries. c) The Dal Fiatach:

One of the main groups in the reduced Ulaid was the Dal Fiatach, Dal is the Irish for descendant of. The following description of the Dal Fiatach and their relations with neighbouring Irish tribes and "incomers" is taken from, Ulster "An illustrated History" by Brady, O'Dowd and Walker, this is a well written and informative series of essays examining particular aspects of Ulster's history.

The Dal Fiatach's territory lay between Dundrum Bay and Belfast Lough. Their capital was at Dun-da-Lethglass (Downpatrick). The Dal Fiatach were to provide the majority of the Kings of Ulidia from their defeat by the Clan Colla in the 4th century till the coming of the English in the 12th century.

• - Below is a map of Ulidia showing the location of the major social/family groups.

The North c. 800 A.D. Shading indicates 1000 ft. contour Dotted boundaries are those of later medieval dioceses of Raphoe. Derry. Connor. Down. Dromore. Armagh. Clogher. Kilmore and Ardat Continuous boundaries those of ecclesiastical provinces of Armagh. Dublin and Tuam. UI NEILL DYNASTIES. Subject tribes of ' Ui Weill TRIBES OF AIRGIALLA. Tribes of Airgitllt directly subject to Ui Neill over-kingdor.

MacFirbis stated that it was from Ceallaigh, a son of a DalFiatach King of Ulidia that the clann Ceallaigh (clann Kelly), at Drumbo in County Down were descended.

Like the other peoples in the north of Ireland in the early centuries, the Ulidians including the Dal Fiatach were under constant pressure from the Ui Neill, particularly the branch of that family called the Cinel nEoghain.

The Ulidians made a final attempt to regain their lost territories by driving the Ui Nialls and the Clan Colla from Ulster. The leader of the Ulidians, Congal gathered an army of Saxons, Britons, Picts and Scots but this combined force was defeated at the battle of Magh Rath in County Down in AD 634. The Ulaids more immediate opponents to the north-east were the Cruthin, a loose confederation of peoples in north-east Ireland, the principal tribe of whom were the Dal nAraidi.

The Dal nAraidi or Dal Araidhe occupied a territory to the south of Dalrieda or Dal Riata, which lay within the area of present day north Antrim. Dalrieda was the homeland of a; people, i.e. the Scots who were to colonise Argyllshire at the beginning of the 5th century, and from whom Scotland was to take its name.

In AD 656, a battle was fought between the Ulidians and the Dalaradians at Fearsat (Belfast) this as the following text will reveal was not an uncommon event.

The main branch of the Dal Fiatach expanded westwards towards Lough Neagh and northwards towards south Antrim in the 8th century. Due to dynastic pressure a new capital was established at Dun Echdach (Duneight) in North County Down in the 9th century.

y d) The Danes: In the 9th century, the Ulidians and other coastal dwelling people faced a new threat in the form of the Danes. The Danes or foreigners as they were known, plundered Downpatrick and Movilla in 823 AD but were defeated at Lecale. These Danes or Vikings as we would call them today were to make their presence known for many years to come.

Whilst the Danes initial imprint on Irish society was that of invaders and plunderers, in due course they came to settle, farm and trade amongst the native Irish. Alliances and intermarriage with the Irish followed and through time, as with previous and subsequent invaders the Danes became indistinguishable from their fellow countrymen.

From the second half of the 9th century onwards, the Ulaid were forced to recognise the reality of Ui Neill power and on occasion joined in the wars fought by the high kings. They would recognise a high king of Ireland, even a Cenel nEoghain high king, but they would not submit to him so long as he remained merely king of the North.

In 930 AD, the Danes assisted the Ulidians in an attack on the Cinel nEoghain near present day Castleblaney, but they were repulsed with heavy losses. The 10th century seems to.have been one of continuous dispute between the Ulidians and their neighbours, particularly the Cinel nEoghain.

There was also constant conflict between the Ulidians and the Danes who had established settlements in the surrounding area e.g., Strangford Lough and Lough Neagh.

In the year 1003 AD the Ulidians suffered another terrible defeat at the hands of their hereditary enemies the Ui Neills.

The battle between the Ulaid and the Ui Neills took place at Craebh- Tulcha near Glenavy this had been the traditional inauguration site of the kings of Ulaid. In the battle of Craebh-Tulcha, the Ulaid were almost wiped out, the King of Ulidia, Eochaidh fell with his two sons, his brother and most of the Ulidians force.

One year later in 1004 AD, Brian Boroimhe (Boru) the High King of Ireland passed through Ulidia. He received pledges of loyalty from the Dal Araidhe and the Dal Fiatach.

This was also a period of intense in fighting by the Ulidians with dissension and jealousy causing many serious conflicts amongst the various rivals for the Kingship of Ulaid.

As in the 10th century, the 11th was a period of perpetual conflict between the Ulidians and their neighbours. In 1022 AD.for example Niall, the King of Ulidia defeated the Danes off Dublin in a naval engagement, in which he took most of their ships.

The endemic conflict between the Ulidians and the Dalradians, the Cinel nEoghain and the Orighialla who were located in an area comprising the present Counties of Louth, Monaghan and Armagh continued through the 11th into the 12th century.

Whilst there was e.g. the long standing dispute between the Ulidians and the Cinel nEoghain of the Ui Niall, there were many shifts in allegiance and differing alliances made and broken between the various warring groups during these early centuries. The situation must have been similar in nature to that occurring in the former Yugoslavia of the 1990's, political expediency and a desire for power often over rode traditional allegiances.

Interestingly, during these periods of continual hostility the clergy attempted on occasion to promote peace amongst the warring tribes. In 1147 AD, St Malachy attempted to mediate between the Ulidians and a combined force of Cinel nEoghain and Orighialla who gave battle on the shore of Dundrum on the 29th of June. His attempts were however in vain the battle ensued with the Ulidians being defeated.

Whilst the native Irish of the north were engaged in these endemic bouts of hostility a new force was emerging on the scene whose presence was to have long and far reaching consequences.

9 e) The English Invasion: In May 1169 at Bannow near Wexford, Robert Fitz-Stephen an Anglo- Norman Knight landed with 30 Knights, 60 men at arms and 300 archers. These Norman adventurers were invited by the King of Leinster, Dermot MacMurrough to aid him in a dispute with another Irish king.

On 25th August 1170, Richard de Clare, the Earl of Pembroke known as Strongbow, landed at Downdonnell near Waterford with an army of 1200 men including 200 knights.

A consequence of this invasion by English adventurers was the arrival at Downpatrick in January 1177 of John de Courcy with 22 knights and 300 soldiers. De Courcy was out to make his fortune in as yet untouched Ulster. The native Irish had no chance against the trained soldiers and mail-clad knights and were defeated early on by the English.

In June of the same year the Ulidians, assisted by the Cinel nEoghain, attacked de Courcy but again were defeated. y Some time later after several successes against the Irish, de Courcy's force was defeated (temporarily) by the Dalradians and he was forced to flee the battlefield on foot.

In the face of so powerful an enemy as the English, one would have thought the Irish would have united to defeat them, however this was not the case. It was as a result of the continual division and conflict amongst the Irish that the English, more correctly the Anglo-Norman and Flemish nobles were able to gain a permanent presence in Ulidia (Ulster).

Gradually during the 14th century the Earldom of Ulster, as the English termed their acquisition spread north from County Down. It remained confined however to a narrow coastal strip no more than 15 miles deep and excluded much of west and central County Down, mid- Antrim and barely touched County Derry.

N i k

0 miles 20 i

0 40

Places outside Ihe Earldom I Area ol Ihe Earldom al Ms greatest extuni -USX A consequence of the English invasion of east Ulster, was the reorganisation of the former Irish administrative units. These units were recorded in the Leabhar na g-ceart, i.e. the Book of Rights. The former Irish Administrative divisions of County Down are listed below, along with their English equivalents.

1) UI n'Earca Cheln and part of Dal mBulnne (corresponding to Upper Castlereagh).

2) UI Blalthmaic (Lower Castlereagh and North Ards, as far east, perhaps, as the boundary between the parishes of Bangor and Donaghadee).

3) na h'Arda (the rest of the Ards peninsula).

4) Dulbthrlan (Dufferin).

5) Leath Cathall (LecaleJ .

6) Magh Cobha or Uib Eathach (Iveagh).

7) Bolrche (Mourne).

The new regime divided these former Gaelic administrative areas into Sheriffdoms or "Bailiewicks". In 1226, the Close Roll mentions the Bailiewicks of Antrim, Carrickfergus, Art, Blathewic and Ladcathal. Blathewic and Art, or what are now Lower Castlereagh and Ards, comprised a County called the County of Ards or the County of Newtown. Newtownards was the chief town and was known as Nove Villa de Blathwyc.

Despite the English conquest the Irish inhabitants remained. Amongst the King's Irish enemies, (though they wrote to him swearing allegiance to a man) in 1272/3 were MacDunlevy, king of the Irish of Uladh,... O'Flynn, king of Tuirtre, MacGillamory, chief of Anderken (Ui n'Earca Chein) and MacArtan, king of Ouwagh (Iveagh).

After the fall of de Courcy Ulster was granted by King John to Hugh de Lacy. De Lacy was created Earl of Ulster on 29th May 1205, "to hold as John de Courcy held, at service of one knight for each cantred, saving to the Crown the investiture of Bishops and Abbots."

On Hugh's death the Earldom reverted to the Crown and was granted in 1264 to Walter de Burgo, Earl of Ulster, Lord of Connacht. After the murder at Carrickfergus of William de Burgo in 1333, and the consequent passing of the Earldom to Lionel, Duke of Clarence, who had married de Burgo's daughter, Elizabeth, the country returned to the complete control of the Irish inhabitants, O'Floinns, MacGilmores, and so on.

Around 1340 a new political dynasty appeared in east Ulster, the Clan Aodh-buidhe(Clan de boy).Yellow-haired Hugh a member of the O'Neill family succeeded as Chief of the Cinel Eoghan in 1260. After Hugh's death in 1282, his descendants termed themselves as the Clannaboye.

11 The territory of Clannaboye included south Antrim or Lower Clannaboye, and north Down or Upper Clannaboye, the latter being now known as the Baronies of Upper and Lower Castlereagh. The territory of the Ardes included the whole of the Ards Peninsula.

By the middle of the 16tr' century the Clannaboy O'Neills had established themselves as overlords of the northern Ards as well as of Clannaboy itself. Under them Upper Clannaboy was parcelled out among various Septs or Clans including the 0'Kellys.

In 1540, South Clannaboy was described as sparsely populated and heavily wooded, whereas the Ards was described as, "a champion and fertile land". f) The Kelly's of South Clandeboye:

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N ii

miles 20

40

Names ol lordships shown thus : rrBOf*

Names ol ruling lamilies shown thus : otw

It is in relation to the territory of South Clandeboy that some of the earliest references to the Kelly's of North Down are to be found. The historian Harris in his book, "The Ancient and Present state of the County of Down", published in Dublin in 1744, described the Kelles as being:

"One of the native Irish septs who inhabited that part of north east Ireland known today as Ulster and anciently as Ulagh (Latin Ulidia)."

12 In his history of County Down, Harris referred to the territory of South Clandeboy, which lay in the northern part of the Ardes. In this country which extended from the Dufferin to Carrickfergus Bay, Harris stated:

"Was a very barbarous and savage Sept, called the Kelles, given altogether to spoil and robbery, greatly affected to the Scotch (Scots), whom they often brought into the country for the sake of spoiling the subjects."

The English often used such derogatory language to justify their expropriation of the native Irish people's land and resources. Harris continued:

"They contributed only according to pleasure to the Chieftain of South Claneboy and were able at this time to make no horsemen but some one hundred and twenty Kerne and shot." (Kerne i.e. light armed force on foot).

It would appear that the Kelly's allegiance at this time was to the O'Neill, Lord of Clandeboy in Counties Antrim and Down. The statement says that they had no horsemen, contemporary accounts refer to horses as being a scarce resource in Ulster at this time.

The earliest reference to the Kelly's of south Clandeboye which I have come across is to be found in the "O'Neills of Ulster", by Thomas Mathews. In this work, there is a reference to the 0'Kellys of South Clannaboy. Matthews was referring to a petition to Queen Elizabeth in 1571 by two English adventurers, a Captain Browne and a Captain Borrowe.

Browne and Borrowe were trying to "acquire" land in east Ulster belonging to Sir Brian MacFelim O'Neill, a powerful Gaelic chieftain. They petitioned the Queen, "for the Arde from the mouth of the river of Strangford to the river of Belfast." They were not concerned about the native Irish rights to the property only how they could possess it.

Mathews quotes the petition as follows:

"Tt is most necessary to have Castle Rewghe (Castlereagh) out of his hands, and so to put him over the water into Clandeboy, and to make head among the woods, if it were possible at the first, or at the least at the skirt of the wood, because within these woods there harboured the Slott Neiles, the Macneal Oges, the Henry highs (Slut Henrickies-Sliocht Enri Caoich-Tribe of Henry the Blind), and Mac brian Carto and 1121 (four?)Septes of the Kelly's, as Patrick M'Neal O'Kelly, M'Mori to O'Kelly, Gillduff McDonough O'Kelly, Neil M'Patrick. O'Kelly, (all of whom they lyingly assert), are Wood Kerne and outlaws, and do foster Scots."

Early maps of Ulster also provide evidence of the Kelly's of Clandeboy,e.g. Norden's map of 1610 indicated Kellies in Comber and also slut, i.e. sliocht Kellies WSW of Drumbo. Sliocht (d) is a Gaelic word meaning, offspring, progeny, descendants or posterity.

13 Dr Reeves publication," "Ecclesiastical Antiquities",, which he founded in part on the maps of Norden and Jobson (cll590) made - . '. several references to the Kelly's of South Clandeboy. ..Dr Reeves, listed the families that anciently occupied the'subdivisions of South or Upper Clandeboy, "Division six being occupied by the slut . or sliocht Kellies and Kellies, in the area of Comber and '..'.'. Tullinakill". '• : - "•:": ;;":;;. VI., I....: Z.,..', •"-^•/X'-i-••{•. '•'-?.;:''.,' ••:>r'z:' ll.'-." :

The Rev.- James 0'Laverty in' his," "History of the Diocese of Down and Connor", (1880) referred to Reeves publication. In the chapter which deals with "Castlereagh or Upper.Clannaboy", 0'Laverty mentions an inquisition'taken at Downpatrick, 13th October, 1623. The inquisition noted that within the said territory of Upper Clandeboy there were contained the lesser territories following, viz: '.'-: '•"•'• ,••.-'•'..---- ; ••".: ' '"•'lC'.,J ;:f-:'--o ™ •- •-'-/ — : -.':. oa ?Snsn ir#fc £*•'£? :.: iv.: U "Castlereagh and Gallowgh, Slewght-Neiles, Slewght-Hendrikies, Slewght-Kellies, Slewght-Durnings, Slewght-Owen M'Quinn,-and Plaines" of Belfast,. Slewght-Hubricks, and Slewght-Bryan-Boy." :tZi "; -;'•"."'

Quoting Dr Reeves, 0'Laverty continued: uSlut-Kelles; they occupied. the greater part of Comber and Tullynakill, this tribe was originally settled at Drumbo."

Below is an extract from a map of Ulster dated 1602, this shows the area of north Down inhabited by the Kelles. In his work, "North Down at the end of the 16th Century" (1955); J.R.H. Greeves used the report of the Downpatrick Inquisition of 1623 in his study of the administrative division of north Down into Church lands and Temporal lands.

Greeves using the report determined that the lands possessed by the Church formed more than one fourth of the total area of north Down. These lands were divided amongst the various religious establishments, such as Bangor Abbey, Grey Abbey, and Newtown Priory etc.

Greeves also described the division of the Temporal lands, i.e. those belonging to the laity. These were, by the beginning of the 16th century, all under the nominal superiority of the O'Neills of Clannaboy, and were divided among a number of Clans or Septs, some of which gave their names to the territories so occupied.

Slut-Kellies. This consisted of 24 townlands comprising a large part of Comber parish, Ballycloghan and Ravarra in Killinchy and part of Saintfield parish. This territory stretched from the boundary of Dundonald parish in the north to Leggygowan, which has its southern tip at Ballynahinch Junction, in the south. 40

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•V SL Bangor y Bryan / )Boj» 1 Holywood f~^~V

r SL. OURNINGS r\Mo IL. OWEN M-?UI Newtoijnl MovttUT*' { Great'

Sleught V Kellies l>iSHors^^^/7 °,_ ) M.NQS ^N Ardei

Sleught Neilh

Sleught .Henrickles

North Down at the end of the l&h century.

• 15

• .'•

.. • V In his description of the Catholic Parish of Saintfieia, O'Laverty referred to the movement of Kellys from Drumbo to Tullynakill as follows: "This Slut M'Henry Keyes seems to have been Sliocht Enri Caoich-tribe of Henry the Blind, a branch of the Clannaboy O'Neills, who had several centuries earlier driven from Drumbo into the same district, i.e. (Tullynakill) the Slut Kellies, a tribe of the Dal-Fiatach."

Below is a map of County Down showing the parishes of Drumbo, Comber and Tullynakill, i.e. the ancestral home of the Kelly's of South or Upper Clandeboye.

Count* Down

y

Parishes not named above: 1) Castleboy 2) Slanes 3) Ballytrustan U) Ballykinler 5) Tyrella 6) Rathmullan

0'Laverty continued:

"The Kellys are still somewhat numerous in this district, but having been surrounded by Presbyterians, and not having had priests among them, they, together with the Loughlins and O'Prays have abandoned the ancient creed of their race."

16 0'Laverty also referred to Stewart's, "History of Armagh", In his work, Stewart commented on the authority of a pedigree of the O'Neills: "This branch of the O'Neills gave Kelly's woods? To the O'Kellys."

0'Laverty noted however, that the Kellys were long located in their territory before a branch of the O'Neills, i.e. "The Clan Aedhe Buidhe", (pronounced Clan ee boy), conquered the territory of Clannaboy in the 14th century.

Another pointer to the location of the Kelly's of Down is to be found in the names of old land divisions or administrative areas. The ancient Irish land division of ballybetaghs or townlands can give a clue as to the location of particular families, as the townlands often retain the name of their former occupants.

The district of Clontonakelly (Clontonacally) forms two townlands, i.e. divisions of a parish, one of which, containing 617 acres, is in the civil parish of Drumbo, and the other, containing 621, is in that of Comber, see also Barony of Iveagh, Page 94.

As was the case with many other native Irish septs, the Kellys or a number of them, were for a variety of social, economic and possibly political reasons (as 0'Laverty pointed out) forced to migrate from their place of origin i.e. Clontonakelly to other areas of County Down including Tullynakill.

0'Laverty also mentioned in his history, that when he was writing, i.e. the 1880's, the Kellys were still somewhat numerous in Drumbo and adjoining districts; therefore some of the Sept obviously remained in the local area.

g) Clan Breassail McGoolechan: In his book, "Irish Pedigrees"; John O'Hart, discusses a Sept of 0'Kelly's located in the north west of County Down.

"Known also as the MagDuleachans, this Sept occupied the territory of Clanbrassil MacCoolechan, (Clan Bregsail MagDhuileachain)."

According to Dr Reeves in his work, "Ecclesiastical Antiquities", Clanbrasil McCooleghan, the land of the 0'Kellies, adjoined Kilwarlin and extended to Lough Neagh..

In Marshal Bagenal's "Description of Ulster", anno 1586; he describes Clanbrassil McGoolechan in County Down between Kinelarty and Lecale, as: "A very fast country of wood and bogg, inhabited with a sept called the Kellies, a very savage and barborous people, geven altogether to spoile and roberies."

Bagenal also referred to the district of Clanbrassil in County Armagh bordering Lough Neagh. A separate district from Clanbrassil McGoolechan, Clanbrassil regularly appeared on the early 17th century maps of Jobson, Bartlett, Speed and Norden.

17 The distinction between the two districts was made explicit by Eachard in his, "Exact Description of Ireland" (c.1598). Eachard placed Clanbrassil MacGoolechan in County Down near Clandeboy:

"Clonebrassil McBoolechan, so called for difference between this and another Countrie of the same name in the Countie of Armagh, is a very vast countrie of wood and bogg, inhabitted with a sept called the O'Rellies (recte, Kellies)."

Bagenal's reference to the Kellies of Clanbrassil McGoolechan is very similar to that used by Harris in his book, The Ancient and Present State of the County of Down (1744); see Page 13. The reference to the Kellys of Co. Down is again found in Knox's, History of the County of Down, published in Dublin in 1875. Knox also mentioned the ancient district of Clanbrassil, where the coterminous portions of Counties Armagh and Down meet, quaintly described by an old writer:

"Clanbrazel McGoolechan is a very fast county of wood and bog, inhabited with a Sept called the Kellies."

Knox's statement about the coterminous portions of Armagh and Down would appear to imply that he believed Clanbrassil and Clanbrassil McGoolechan to have been the same place. As the map evidence indicates they were certainly distinct geographical districts by the late 16th century.

Knox also makes reference, presumably taken from Bagenal's Description of Ulster, to the, "savage and barbarous Sept". As I mentioned on page 13, the English often used such language when describing those native Irish who choose to resist.

In Irish Pedigrees, O'Hart speculated that the Kellys of ClanBrassil were originally part of the larger Sept of 0'Kellys' of Cinel Eachach. Cinel Eachach being an ancient territory, comprised of the present day Counties Antrim and Derry.

The 0'Kellys of Cinel Eachach originated in the Barony of Loughinsholin in South County Derry, where many Kellys are still to be found. These Kellys belonged to the Colla family and were descended from Rochadh, a son of Colla de Crioch who was a King of Orgiall in the 4tn century.

O'Hart suggested that some of these Kellys migrated to east Ulster at an early date. He continued:

"As such the O'Kellys of Clanbrassil MacCoolechan are part of the Clan Colla, having descended from Colla da Crioch, King of Ulidia ? in the fourth century."

0'Hart's reference to this Sept of 0'Kelly's is probably taken from a Topographical poem written by John O'Dugan, chief poet of O'Kelly, of Ibh Maine, who died AD 1372.

18 0'Dugan gave the names of the principal tribes in Meath, Ulster, and Connaught, at the time of the English invasion, i.e. the late 12th century.

In his History of the Diocese of Down and Connor, 0'Laverty quoted from the part of 0'Dugan's poem referring to the ancient province of Ulidia (Ulster).

The Mag-Duilechains of the angles, Over the red-haired Clann Breassail. O'Coltarain of the border town Is dwelling over the Dal Cuirb. There has been collected within in the north-east The stock of the nobility in Uladh.

The last two lines of the poem refer to the effects of the battle of the Collas, circa 332 AD, by which the inhabitants of Uladh were driven into the modern counties of Down and Antrim.

The epithet Macgoolechan seems to be the Irish surname Mac Duilechain. In the 14th century this family were called chieftains of Clann Breasail. There are several 13th century references to this Sept, however the family seems to have lost their importance in later times to be replaced by the Kellys.

The Mac Duilechains appear to have survived in County Down under the surname Doloughan, there is a townland called Ballydollaghan in the parish of Drumbo. h) Conclusion: Did the Sept of Kelly's of North County Down originate in south Clandeboy, descendants of Ceallagh of the Dal Fiatach as MacFirbis believed. Or did the family originate in Derry, descendants of Rochadh of the Cinel Eachach as O'Hart postulated?

MacFirbis's theory for a Dal Fiatach origin seems stronger as the family appears to have been settled in County Down for a considerable period. From the evidence, it also seems likely that the Kelly's of Clanbrassil MacGoolechan were the same family as those noted in south Clandeboy, the two places being geographically close.

Whether Dal Fiatach or Cinel Eachach, it is certainly the case that the Sept or Septs of Kelly's found in county Down, are of ancient origin.

In the next section, I will discuss the kind of society in County Down which the Kellys and their fellow native Irish may have lived in, prior to the plantation by the Scots Lords Montgomery and Hamilton in the early 17th century.

19 SECTION 2

•

Pre-Plantation County Down a) The People (Page 22) 1) General Description 2) Diet 3) Dress 4) Customs 5) Warfare

6) Religion b) Landscape (Page 26) c) Agriculture (Page 27) d) Social Classes (Page 29) e) Social Structures (Page 30) f) Politics (Page 31) g) Fiants Elizabeth (Page 32) h) The MacDonnells of Antrim (Page 33) i) The Nine-Years War (Page 39) j) Conclusion. (Page 42)

20 Pre-Plantation County Down

Prior to the plantation of south county Antrim and north and east county Down by the Scots Lords, Montgomery and Hamilton in the early 17th century, the land was under the stewardship of native Irish landowners, the principal one being the O'Neill of Clandeboy.

The native Irish, though not immune to external influences had their own traditions, customs and social structures which differed in many ways from those existing in Lowland Scotland or England. An excellent account of these customs and social structures is given in, "The Ancient Land Tenures of Ireland", by D. Coghlan (1933).

The main purpose of this section of the "Kelly's of County Down", is to examine conditions in the immediate century preceding the plantation, i.e. the 16tn,or Tudor period. However, before'moving on to describe conditions in Ulster in the 16th century, I believe the following account of Ireland by the medieval historian, Giraldus Cambrensis i.e. Gerald of Wales in his work "Topography of Ireland", is worthwhile quoting.

"A Country uneaven, mountainous, soft, washy, woody, windy, and so boggy that you may see standing waters upon the very Mountains. (But as it hath grown more populous, it is become drained by the industry of the Inhabitants. The Woods too are in good measure destroy'd; and as for the Corn, they have that in great abundance.)

The Climate (according to Mela) is so unkind, that it does not ripen Corn; yet the Country produces Grass in such plenty (and that not only very rank but very sweet) that the Cattel fill themselves in a very little time, and will even burst, if they are not hinder'd from eating longer. Upon this account, their Breed of Cattel is infinite, and are indeed the greatest wealth and support of the Inhabitants; as also Sheep, which they shear twice a year, and of the course Wooll make Irish rugs and mantles, which are carry'd into foreign parts.

Their Horses likewise (we call them Hobbies) are very excellent: they go not as other Horses do, but pace very soft and easie. Bees are so swarming and plentiful in this Country, that we find them not only in hives, but in the trunks of trees, and caverns of the earth.

Vines also grow here, but yield not so much benefit, by their fruit, as by their shade. For as soon as the Sun has pass'd Leo, we have cold blasts in these parts, and the afternoon heat in Autumn is too little, in strength and continuance, both here and in Britain, to ripen and concoct Grapes to perfection. Moreover, Ireland has no Snakes, nor other venemous Creatures, (nor has it Frogs or Moles;) yet it is still infested with Wolves on the wild and solitary Mountains, where there are few or no Inhabitants.

21 To wind up all: Whether we regard the fruitfulness of the Soil, the advantages of a Sea with so many commodious Harbours, or the Natives themselves, who are warlike, ingenious, proper, and well-complexioned, soft-skin'd, and exceeding nimble thro' a peculiar pliantness of the Muscles; this Island is in many respects so happy, that Giraldus might very well say, Nature had been more favourable than ordinary, to this Kingdom of Zephyrus." a) The People: What of the native Irish people and their way of life during the period immediately preceding the plantation? An account is given of them by Eachard in his book, "Exact Description of Ireland" (c.1598).

1) General Description: They are of a middle stature, strong of body, of an hotter and moister nature than many other nations, of wonderful soft skins, and by reason of the tenderness of their Muscles, they excell in nimbleness and flexibility of all parts of the body; they are reckoned of a quick Wit,(though besotted to many follies) prodigal and careless of their lives, enduring Travel, Cold and Hunger. Given to fleshly lusts, light of belief, kind and courteous to strangers, constant in Love, impatient of abuse, and injury, in enmity implacable, and in all affections most vehement and passionate. They are very much delighted with Musick, but especially with the harp and Bagpipe; at the first many of them are very Skilful.

2) Diet: As for their Diet, they feed very much upon Herbs especially water-cresses; upon Mushrooms, Shamroots and Roots. They delight also in Butter tempered with Oatmeal; also in Milk, Whey, Beef-Broth, and Flesh ofttimes without any Bread at all. As for their Corn, they lay it up for their horses, for whom they are very careful; when they are Hunger-bitten in time of dearth, they disdain not to eat raw flesh, after they have pressed out the blood thereof: and for to concoct it they will drink down very large quantities of Usquebah or Aqua-vitae, drauqht after draught. They also let their Kine blood, which when is grown to a Jelly, and strewed over with Butter, they eat with a very good Appetite.

3) Dress: As for their Attire, they commonly wear little Jackets of Woollen, and those very short; Breeches most plain and close to their Thighs; over these they commonly wear a Mantle of Shag Rugg deeply fringed, and well set out with many colours, within which they often lap themselves, and sleep on the very ground.

22 They go for the most part bare headed , unless it be when they put on a headpiece. They wear their Hair long, and count it the greatest ornament. The Women also make a great esteem of their Hair, especially if it be golden colour and long withal, for they lay it out in a full length plated in a bravery: they rather load than adorn their heads with great quantities of fine linnen, rolled up in Wreaths.

4) Customs: When they go out in a Morning to do any business, they mark him they meet first; if they be prosperous they endeavour to meet him oft, if not they are as careful to avoid them. Before they Sow their Corn, the good Wife or Mistress of the house sendeth Salt to the said Field.

In the Town, when any Magistrate entreth first upon his Office, the Wives and Daughters along the Streets, and out of the Windows, bestrew them and their Followers with Wheat and Salt. At every third word it is ordinary with them to rap out an Oath, as by The Trinity, by Christ, by St. Patrick, by St. Brigid, by their Baptism, by their Godfathers hand and such like. When they take never so solemn Oaths they will be forsworn upon every occasion, but if they sware by any great Man and be forsworn, they forfeit a great Sum of Money or Cattle to that same person whose name they used. They are of Opinion, that if their Butter be Stolen, *twill soon after be restored again if they take away any of the Thatch that hang over the Door, and cast it into the Fire. They believe, that the Kite will not take away their Chickens, if they hang up the Egg-shels out of which they were Hatched in some place of the Rough of the House.

If any praise an Horse, or any other of their Beasts, before they have said, God save him, or have Spit upon them; if any harm befal that Beast within three days after, they seek out him that praised him, and then mumble the Lords Prayer in his right Ear. They fully believe, that to set a green Bough of a Tree before their House on May-day, will cause them to have abundance of Milk all Summer long. They have besides these, many other Follies, which for shortness sake, I shall now forbear to mention. When they first see the Moon after the Change, commonly they bow the Knee, and say the Lords Prayer, and then speak to the Moon with a loud Voice, Leave us as whole and as sound as thou hast found us. They use to look through the Shoulder- Blade- Bone of a Sheep, when the Flesh is clean taken from it; if they see any dark or or duskish spot in it, when they look through , they say that some Course shall shortly be carried out of the House.

23 4) Customs: (Continued) They pray for Wolves, and wish them well, and then they are not afraid to be hurt by them. They count it unlawful to rub down, or curry their Horses, or to gather Grass for their Meat on Saturdays. When an Horse is dead, they hang up his feet and legs in the House; yea, the very hoofs are esteemed as a hallowed and sacred Relick. They count her a wicked Woman or a Witch that cometh to fetch Fire from 'em on May-Day; neither will they give any Fire then, but unto a Sick Body, and that also with a Curse. When anyone lies a Dying, Women hired on purpose stand in Crossways, calling upon him with great Out-Crys, and abundance of rediculous Expostulations, why he should depart from so many Advantages. After he is Dead, they keep a Mourning with loud Howlings and clapping of Hands together. When the Corps go forth they follow it with such a Peal of Out-Crys, that a Man would think the quick, as well as the Dead, were past all Recovery.

Neither do they Mourn less for those that are slain in Battel, or by Robbing, though they affirm such to have an easier Death, yet they willrail on their Enemies with Spiteful Words, and continue for a long time a deadly Hatred against all of that Kindred. They suppose that the Souls of the Deceased go into the company of certain Men, famous in those Places, of whom they still retain strange Fables and Songs, as of Giants of great Renown, which they say they oft-times see by Illusion.

Eachard's description of the Irish people's customs and traditions may from a modern perspective seem strange. However it must be remembered that the Irish, like most traditional agricultural societies were at the mercy of nature and as such attempted to understand the processes which affected their lives as best they could. Any hope of improvement or protection from disease or ill times would be grasped.

It must also be noted that Eachards "Description of Ireland", is a biased account most likely produced as propaganda for the consumption of English audiences. The Tudor period saw an intensification of English attempts to dominate Ireland, all such attempts were met with stiff Irish resistance, Eachard also commented upon this aspect of Irish life.

5) Warfare: Their Warfare consists of Horsemen, of Soldiers set in the Rere-guard, whom they call Galloglasses, who fight with sharp Hatchets; and of light-armed Footmen called Kernes, whose service is with Darts (Spears) and Skeanes (Daggers). To give a shout to every Man going out of a Gate, is counted fortunate.

24 5) Warfare: (Continued) They commonly use the Bagpipe instead of a Trumpet: they carry about them Amulets; they recite certain Prayers and in joyning Battel, they cry as loud as they can, Pharroh, with this perswasion that he who cryeth not so loud as the rest, shall suddenly be taken from the Ground, and carried along the Air, into certain desart Valleys, where he eateth Grass, lappeth Water, hath some use of Reason, but not of Speech. But at last by the help of Hounds and Hunters shall be brought home again. By the end of the 16th century, the Horsemen, i.e. cavalry element constituted almost a quarter of an Irish army. It was provided mainly by members of the nobility, though the more affluent freemen called to arms might also serve on horseback.

The galloglasses (Gaelic galloglaich, meaning foreign warrior), were heavily armed, permanently employed infantry of Hebridean descent. They had constituted the backbone of most native Irish armies since the late 13th century. Throughout the 16th century additional Scots mercenary soldiers termed "Redshanks" enlisted in the native Irish armies, in 1542 it was recorded that there were 2 to 3,000 Redshanks present in Ireland.

The kern were lightly armed infantry armed with the javelin, sword or bow, they made up the largest element in an Irish army. Until the second half of the 16th century the kern consisted only of freemen.

When O'Neill the Earl of Tyrone came to power in Ulster in 1595 he initiated various reforms in his army, as he realised from his service with the Earl of Essex the shortcomings of his own forces when compared to the English. Realising the potential of firearms, he began procuring large numbers of them and training his men in their use, he also introduced the pike as a weapon.

Another factor in the improvement of Irish armies in the late 16th century was the increased use of native Irish bonnaghts, i.e. professional soldiers to replace the by now outdated galloglasses. Irish infantry, i.e. kern were organised into companies of 80 to 100 men. The cavalry were organised into 50 strong coronets, these were acknowledged by the English as being in many regards their superiors, "as well in numbers as in goodness of horses".

An estimate of rebel forces in Ulster, drawn up at the end of 1599 by Thomas Barnwell, an English spy, gives them 862 cavalry, 3,870 shot and 1,340 kern "in the fyld", and a further 412 cavalry and 5,780 infantry involved in siege and garrison duties elsewhere. The Earl of Tyrone's own contingent, which on this occasion numbered 250 horse, 2,700 shot and 800 kern, constituted the. bulk of the field army. The main problems confronting the Irish commanders were, a lack of provisions and transport, their inability to take and hold fortified positions, mainly due to their not having any artillery and the distressing tendency of their chiefs to fall out among themselves. The Irish also disliked fighting pitched battles in the open, preferring ambushes and fighting on the run.

25 However despite these weaknesses, the Irish forces at the end of the 16th century were, given the right circumstances, more than a match for the English fielded against them. The ordinary Irish soldier was considered, in discipline and weapons, little inferior, and in body and courage equal, if not superior to his enemy.

Edmund Spenser wrote that the Irish soldier, "beareth himself very courageously,... and put to a piece or pike, he maketh as worthy soldier as any nation he meeteth with". Fynes Moryson, i.e. Lore Mountjoy's secretary, was of the same opinion, stating that, "men of more active bodies, more able to suffer cold, heat, hunger, and thirst, and whose minds are more void of fear, can hardly be found". An interesting fact, is that during the late 16th century the English armies serving in Ireland had a very large percentage of Irishmen serving in them, in some cases a majority! One reason being, English captains had to pay the wages of the soldiers in their companies. They found it cheaper to hire Irish soldiers, leaving them with greater profit, in some cases companies were three-quarters Irish by the late 1590s.

One consequence of this was the improvement of Irish soldiery in general, with many well-trained men, who when it suited them, changed sides! When the Privy Council in England discovered the extent of Irish enlistment into English companies they became alarmed and suggested it better to continue paying them rather than discharging them and thereby substantially swelling the enemy's ranks. In 1598, Queen Elizabeth instructed the Council in Dublin to, "use all convenient means to clear our army of the Irish", thenceforth only English conscripts replaced Irish casualties. Religion played an important part in the lives of the 16th century Irish, Eachard remarked as follows.

6) Religion: In matters of Religion they are Roman Catholicks, in some things very devout, mortifying and keeping under their Bodies, very much, watching and praying, fasting every Wednesday and Saturday; some of vem fast on St Catharine's Day and also on Christmas Day, though they be never so sick.

For an understanding of the natural, social and political world of the native Irish of the pre-plantation period, I consulted two notable works on the subject, 1) Colonial Ulster (The settlement of East Ulster 1600-1641), by R Gillespie and 2) The Plantation of Ulster by Philip Robinson. b) Landscape:

The physical landscape of the area was mixed. Contemporary accounts described Clandeboy, as the area was referred to, as among, "the best soil in Ireland having many good commodities." East County Down, i.e. the Great Ardes was described as "champion country", however in, e.g. west Down around Dromore, the land quality was described as very poor.

26 An assessment made in 1627, ranked Antrim and Down among the wealthiest counties in Ireland. As well as the agricultural wealth of the land, the other natural resources of fishing and woodland figured prominently in early accounts of the area, e.g. South Clannaboy was described in 1586 and 1597, as for the most part a woodland, (timber was in short supply at the time).

Both Lough Neagh and Strangford Lough were fished extensively as was the river Lagan. The Dufferin in south Down, the east shore of Lough Neagh and the Lagan valley were economically important wooded areas. c) Agriculture:

Unlike the English, the Irish were for the main part a rural based pastoral society, not unlike that existing in the highlands of Scotland.

The maps of the Clandeboy estate made by Thomas Raven and the surviving leases of individual farms in the Earl of Antrim's estate reveal that land was normally granted to individual persons. However, also common amongst the native Irish was the practice of holding in severality, in this case land would be divided unequally between several individuals and to descend to their heirs with no reallocation.

There appears to have been little subdivision and individual holdings remained in the hands of the same family for considerable periods of time. When the commissioners were fixing the boundaries of the Barony of Iveagh in County Down they discovered farms which had been held by families, "time out of the mind of man".

In general it was within a framework of family farms which were held and inherited in severality, that the agricultural activity of east Ulster took place. The agricultural base of County Down was of a diverse nature. There was local variation of the type of agriculture practised this being dependent on the geology and physical landscape.

There was a preponderance of arable and mixed arable/pastoral in the fertile low-lying regions of e.g., north Down and to the east of Lough Neagh. The Barony of Lecale in southeast Down was a major exporter of grain in the 1620's. In the upland areas of e.g., mid Down, stock raising was the principal activity. This was as a result of the high rainfall and poor drainage to be found in such areas.

Finally, the woodlands of County Down provided a third type of agricultural activity. In these areas small villages developed and activities varied between small-scale domestic industry and the raising of livestock.

Although there was considerable regional variation in Down with regards to agricultural activity, it was still necessary for each area to be to an extent self-sufficient. The physical landscape, especially the upland areas and rivers led to a poor degree of communication and limited markets, hence each area had to produce a wide range of goods.

27 The ability to produce what was deemed necessary on a local basis, may be seen with regards to the Mourne Mountains district, where a small amount of corn was grown even under generally unfavourable conditions.

Eachard also commented upon the land in his book, Exact Description of Ireland (1598) . "It produces a vast number of goodly Flocks of Sheep, which they share twice a year. Here are lickewise excellent good Horses, (which we call Hobies) which have not the same pace with others, but a soft and round Amble, setting one Leg before another very finely. As for Cattle, here are infinite numbers, being indeed the principal Wealth of the Inhabitants; (it is said, they will give no Milk if their Calves be not by them, or their Skins stuffed with Straw or Hay; For Bees, they have such numbers, that they are found not only in Hives, but also in the Bodies of Trees, and Holes of the Earth. It is very much troubled with Wolves, but has no Snake or venemous Creature whatsoever, neither will any live here. It has variety of all sorts of wild and tame Fowls; and vast quantities of Fish, especially Salmon and Herrings. All living Creatures, besides Men, Women and Greyhounds, are smaller than ours in England."

Finally, Eachard described Irelands agricultural and mineral produce as follows:

"The principal Riches and Commodities of this Kingdom are Cattel, Hides, Tallow, Suet, great Store of Butter and Cheese, Wood, Salt, Honey, Wax, Furs, Hemp, Linnen Cloth, Pipe Staves, great quantities of Wool, of which they make Cloth and Freezes, with those course Rugs, or shag Mantles, which are vented into Foreign Countries; Variety of Fish and Fowl and also several Metals, as Lead, Tin and Iron; in a word there is nothing wanting either for Pleasure and Profit, every thing being extraordinary cheap and plentiful; and of late times the Industry of the Inhabitants has not been so much wanting, and by reason of the great Converse with the English, are more Civilized than formerly; both Trade and Learning flourishing in such a measure, that were it not for these unhappy Broils, it might well have been counted as Beautiful and Sweet a Country as any under Heaven."

The final part of Eachards description of Ireland, again reveals the bigoted attitude of the English towards the Irish people during this period.

It is interesting to compare Eachards description with that of the earlier account by Giraldus, Eachard has undoubtedly plagiarised Giraldus's work and added his own observations and "comments". However, Eachards description of the Irish and their way of life still makes very interesting reading considering the lack of contemporary accounts of conditions in Ireland.

28 d) Social Classes:

The Irish Brehon laws operated within a structured social system in which an individual's role in society was determined by their place in the social hierarchy. The social levels of Irish society were closely related to control over a particular territory. The traditional Irish society was divided into 4 social classes each of which was ascribed a particular territorial area.

1) The Gaelic Lords. Their territories corresponded roughly with those of the modern Irish counties or large parts of these counties. These Gaelic lords did not base their wealth on the extent of their holdings but rather on the number of livestock, i.e. cattle they possessed.

2) The Sub-Chiefs (Uirrithe). They controlled areas the size of a barony, i.e. several parishes in extent. These varied in number from three to seven in the counties of Ulster. The Uirrithe owed allegiance and gained protection from the Gaelic lords in whose territories they resided.

3) The Sept Leaders. The Sept leaders were a substantial middle grouping in early Irish society. They were responsible for the actual collection of rents from the farming population. Many of these Sept leaders had particular traditional ceremonial or military functions to perform for the uirrithe in return for their protection. The territorial unit controlled by a Sept was termed a ballybetagh which consisted of approximately 16 townlands.

4) The Irish Tenants. This was the largest section of society consisting of kinship •groups, e.g. the 0'Kellys. The Irish tenants were sub-divided into occupational groups, e.g. farmers or freemen and servants or un- freemen as brehon law dictated. The tenants resided in townlands, a generalised term for a number of ancient Irish land units such as the ballyboes, (Ir. baile bo: cow land). Ballyboes were cohesive land units with an economic rather than a political function. These ballyboes varied in size from 40 to 400 statute acres, depending on the quality of the land.

The above system of administration, while relevant to much of Ireland in pre-plantation times was modified in certain areas, in e.g. east and north Down the influence of the earldom of Ulster was seen. Here regular estates were constructed along more traditional English lines under the dominance of the Manor. The emergence of such a pattern would have constituted quite a revolution in the organisation of land and farming from the Irish pattern of settlement. While new techniques would have been introduced and the farming system geared towards producing a surplus to trade abroad, the actual practice of farming was most probably not dissimilar to that of traditional Irish methods.

Irish land belonged, not to a King, but to the people, who, in the lifetime of a chief, elected the Tanist to succeed him. The chief's ownership was not absolute, he held the tribal lands merely as trustee for his people.

29 The ordinary Irish tenants were never happy with fixed or set payments, although custom dictated that they recognise their duty to support their lord, and consequently they were always willing to submit to what at times were unreasonable requests.

The irregular gifts of people to chief were mostly in kind, and these equivalents of rents were never for set measurements of land, but were calculated by the size of the flocks and herds owned by the rent payer. Rents for measured lands as understood today were not possible, seeing that the cattle in search of pasture were driven anywhere or everywhere through the possessions of the Sept. Arable land was divided among the free men every few years.

Regarding the administrative structures, the townland was retained by the incoming planters of the 17th century and used as the basic unit in land grants.

e) Social Structures:

The native Gaelic Irish did not have a clan system as in the case of Scotland, but families or septs i.e. kinship groupings did form the basis of society. The Kellies, like the rest of the native Irish had undoubtedly a sophisticated system of social structures. The structures of the Irish people were based on long established customs and laws, e.g. the laws of Tanistry.

Whereas in both England and lowland Scotland, society was based on the feudal system, in Ireland a strong emphasis on kinship, with customs such as fostering was the norm. In fostering, a child or youth would be sent to live with another family for a period of time. During this period, the child would be educated and cared for by his foster parents. A consequence of this custom, was a binding •of families together and a mechanism for forming alliances during times of trouble. As I referred to previously, the Kellies of South Clandeboy were in the habit of fostering Scots, possibly from the Glens of Antrim.

The native Irish did not place much emphasis on the value of land or level of education in determining a person's standing in society. Rather the lineage or family line was the basis for social stratification.

The church played a dominant role in Irish society, by exercising power through its control of many thousands of acres of church lands. These traditional church lands, known as termon lands, carried with them rights of sanctuary and were undoubtedly useful as buffer zones between rival chiefs. Economically, the church lands functioned the same way as secular lands. The church lands were controlled by erenaghs who were the social equivalent of the Sept leaders on temporal or non-church lands. These erenaghs collected rents and tribute for the church, rather than the Gaelic lords.

As well as ecclesiastical affairs, the church often acted as arbitrator in cases of disputed property rights, on matters of sex and in issues of violence. It is interesting to note that in mediaeval Ireland, laymen had never accepted that they should have only one wife and the clergy had never accepted the principal of celibacy.

30 As regards settlement patterns, whilst there were urban centres at Carrickfergus, Newry, Ardglass and Downpatrick the native Irish were not in the habit of establishing towns. In the late 16th century some 90% of the population were rural dwellers. f) Politics:

The area inhabited by the Kellys in county Down in the late 16th century could be described as a border area, in which three groups sought influence. In the west the O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone; in the north the Scottish McDonnell's from County Antrim; and in the south the English administration.

In east Ulster, as in other places in Ireland, there was also a strong Anglo-Norman influence dating back to the 12th century. Families, such as the Savages and the Whites held lands in Southeast County Down in the Barony of Lecale, from the time of the Norman invasion of Ulster by John de Courcy in 1177. By the 16th century however, such Old English as they became known, had become hibernicised and were not dissimilar to the native Irish, sharing their Catholic faith. The Tudor monarchs found themselves at odds in Ireland as much with the Old English as they did with the Gaelic Irish.

From 1530, English monarchs and their bureaucrats began to press English interest in Dublin, in an attempt to bring the Gaelic chieftains of Ireland' under English control. The main power base of the English in Ireland, was the area around Dublin known as the "pale". The English wishing to consolidate their influence in south County Down in 154 8, established a garrison under the command of Nicholas Bagnall at Newry. This was an attempt to secure the pale against attack from the native Irish.

Through a combined policy of coercement and inducement, the English administration in Ireland sought to limit the powers of the Gaelic lords. Part of this strategy involved the policy of surrender and regrant of the lands in Ulster, e.g. of O'Neill of Clandeboy in north County Down and Magennis of Iveagh in south County Down.

By such a mechanism, the Irish were now deemed to hold their lands from the English crown and not through the traditional Gaelic laws of succession. The English Lord Deputy of Ireland, Sir John Perrot confirmed and renewed the previous surrender and re-grant agreement with the Magennis family in the 1580's and persuaded the Irish lord to permit the introduction of a small English garrison into his territory.

Various rebellions, or rather struggles for independence occurred regularly throughout the 16th century, however by the 1580's, England had a presence and partial control over three-quarters of Ireland. Only Ulster, the most Gaelic, inaccessible and recalcitrant province, remained defiant. Evidence of these rebellions and the attempts by the English to suppress them are to be found in the Fiants Elizabeth.

31 g) Fiants Elizabeth:

These 16thcentury documents record administrative and legal matters relating to the governance of Ireland. They include leases, pardons and commissions. There are several references to the imposition of martial law in the area where the Kellys lived, i.e. Clandeboy.

1) 1568: Commission to William Pers; to execute martial law in the countries of Arde, Clanyboy, Duffrain, Kylultogh, Rowte, and the Glinnes.-20th March.

2) 1573: Commission to Walter, earl of Essex; to raise the inhabitants of Clandeboy, Kilultagh, the Duffren, the Rowte, and the Glynnes, and to lead them against the rebels and enemies within those countries or any other part of the province of Ulster, with power to punish by fine and imprisonment any who disobey his authority. To assist him in recovering those parts of Ulster granted to him by the queen and now occupied by rebellious Irish and Scots.-23rd Sept.

3) 1573: Commission to Walter, earl of Essex; to execute martial law in the countries of Clandeboye, Kilultogh, the Duffren, the Rowte, the Glynnes, and the Raghelions, in the province of Owlster without limitation; he may treat with rebels and enemies within the province of Ulster, and conclude terms at his discretion. -24th Sept.

4) 1578: Commission to Patrick, baron of Lowthe; to execute martial law in the county of Downe and the countries of the Ardes, Clandeboy, McCartans country and the Duffren.

5) 1588: Commission to Christopher Carliell, esq; governor of upper and lower Clandeboy, Dufferin, Kilultagh, the Rout, and the Glynnes; to execute martial law in these countries. 24th July.

6) 1589: Commission to captain Tho. Henshawe, in the abscence of Chr. Carliell, seneschal of Clandeboy and governor of the Rowte, the Glynes, Killultagh, and the Duffery, now being in England; to execute martial law in these countries. - 16th January.

7) 1597: Commission to Sir John Chichester, knt; Governor of Carigfergus and of the countries of both the Clandeboys; to execute martial law in the said town and countries. - 4th July.

8) 1598: Commission to the mayor of Carrickfergus, Charles Egerton, esq, captain George Rawe, John Dallaway, and Moses Hill; to execute martial law in the countries of both Clandeboy and Rowte, and the town of Carrickfergus. - 15th May.

9) 1600: Commission to sir Arthur Chichester, knt; to be colonel and governor of the forces at Karickfergus, and in the countries of both the Clandeboyes, the Duffraine, Kilultagh, Killwarninge, the little Ardes, the Route, and the Glinnes, in the province of Ulster. With power to pursue with fire and sword such Scots as are there landed or shall land, and other traitors and rebels and their aiders, to punish by martial or common law at his discretion; to treat with rebels or Scots, and grant safe conducts; and to exercise the office in as ample manner as capt. Francis Stafford or other governor or seneschal there.-8th April.

32 The situation in Antrim and Down, appears from the Fiants to have been one of constant conflict between the English forces and the native Irish and their Scots allies. This was as a result of what became known as the "Enterprise of Ulster". Queen Elizabeth and her Lord Deputy, Sir Henry Sidney decided in the 1560's that the best method of "subduing" Ulster was by encouraging English settlers (at their own expense) to take over land in the ''under populated areas of Ulster", including Antrim and Down.

As 0'Laverty the Irish historian commented, "hungry adventurers were looking with greedy eyes on the rich and extensive territories of O'Neill of Clandeboy". Throughout the 1570's a number of Englishmen sought to gain control of O'Neills land. Sir Thomas Gerrard in 1570, Captains Browne and Borrowe in 1571 and Sir Thomas Smith in 1572.

Conflict was inevitable between O'Neill and the English. As well as those named above; O'Neill faced another threat in the shape of the Earl of Essex who had been given virtually all of County Antrim by Elizabeth. In late 1573, Sir Brian O'Neill of Clandeboy was defeated in a major battle with the Earl of Essex near Belfast, in this battle O'Neill lost over 100 men.

As I mentioned on page 14, Harris referred to the Kellies as owing allegiance to the O'Neills of South Clandeboy. It follows that the Kellies (O'Kellies) would have been involved in the hostilities occurring in south Clandeboy at this time.

Although an accord was signed between O'Neill and Essex it was not to last long. In 1575, Essex had Sir Brian O'Neill and over 100 of his followers murdered in Belfast after inviting them to be his "guests" for a few days. The conflict was renewed between the O'Neills and Essex with the new chief, Niall McBrian Fagartagh O'Neill driving the English settlers out of the Great Ardes.

As well as the continual conflict between the O'Neills and the English, the O'Neills were themselves divided with conflicting claims over the lordship of Clandeboy. h) The MacPonnells of Antrim:

To further complicate matters, in east Ulster there was the presence of the Scots recorded in the Fiants Elizabeth. I referred earlier to the historian Harris, and his reference to the Kelly's as being, "greatly affected to the Scotch." Who were the Scotch (Scots) Harris was referring to, and what was the relationship between the Kellys of north County Down and these Scots?

The 16th century was a period of perpetual conflict within and between the various Clans and Septs of Argyllshire and Ulster. In Scotland, the Macdonald's, Lords of the Isles and the Campbell's, Dukes of Argyll vied for power, whilst in Ulster the O'Neills, the O'Donnells, the MacDonnells, the McQuillins and the English administration fought with and against one another for political supremacy.

•

33 One of the consequences of this link between Scotland and Ireland, was the use made by Irish lords of Scots mercenaries termed "Redshanks" from the Hebrides, in their struggles. In the mid- sixteenth century there was a dispute over the leadership of the O'Neills of Tyrone, each of the contenders hiring large numbers of Scots to assist them in their claim.

Turlough Luineach O'Neill who had seized the chieftainship in 1567 was opposed by the sons of the former chief, i.e. Shane O'Neill. Turlough Luineach was supported by 8,000 Scots, enlisted with the support of his Scot's wife Lady Agnes Campbell, whilst the sons of Shane O'Neill depended on the help of 5,000 men sent to Ulster by the MacLeans.

The other Ulster lords, particularly the O'Donnells followed the lead of the O'Neills and hired large numbers of Scots professional warriors. It has been estimated that the number of Scots employed in Ulster between the late 1550's and the early 1590's was in the region of 25,000.

As well as the Redshanks, another group of Scots began to affect the political situation in Ulster from the mid-16th century. The McDonnell's of Islay and Kintyre, a branch of the Macdonald family, the famous Lords of the Isles had inherited lands in north County Antrim by marriage.

In times of difficulty Antrim provided a welcome refuge for the clan in Scotland. With waves of immigration, their power grew until by the middle of the 16th century they became a force to be reckoned with. The sea was the main means of transport and communication during this period. Being a short sea voyage away and considering the close trading and military links with the Isles, County Antrim was the natural place for the Scots to migrate to.

Unlike the Montgomery plantation in east Ulster, of the early 17th century involving Presbyterians from the Scottish lowlands, the earlier settlements in Antrim involved Catholic Scots from Argyll and the Hebrides.

The Argyllshire Scots may have felt a sense of affinity to their Irish cousins. They shared a common faith, i.e. Catholicism and a common language, i.e. Gaelic and had similar customs and traditions to the native Irish.

The Western Isles of Scotland, Argyllshire, Ulster and the Isle of Man were all part of a Celtic maritime province as the map on the following page shows.

34 CEL TIC MARITIME PROVINCE

y

Isle of Man

By the middl e of the 16th century, the MacDonnell's of Antrim had defeated the MacQuillans and consolidated their hold in large parts of the Count y. As their strength increased they moved south into County Down, where they displaced the Savage family and destroyed the claims o f the Clandeboy O'Neills to the overlordship of the area. In 155 8, the Archbishop of Armagh, George Dowdall reported, that twenty years earlier County Down, "was as English as any parte of the Pale" , but was "nowe under Irishe men and Scotts". The English were disturbed at the changing power structures and destabilisation in the north east of Ireland, they decided the best policy lay in the expulsion of the Scots. A series of campaigns began, aimed at the destruction of the MacDonnells and the ending of the Scottish migration to Ulster._

35 The best available account of this period of Irish history and of the role played by the MacDonnells is, "An Historical Account of the MacDonnell's of Antrim", by the Rev. George Hill (1873). In this work the Rev. Hill makes excellent use of contemporary material.

In his chapter on Sorley Boy MacDonnell, the head of Clan MacDonnell, the Rev. Hill describes the situation in north-east Ulster in the late 16th century. On pages 178-180 the Rev. Hill relates the events of the summer of 1584 during one period of hostilities. A letter is referred to in which it was stated that the Scots had been joined by the following formidable array of friends, viz.,

"Con M'Neal Oge's son, the Scots of the Dufferin, the O'Kellies, the woodmen of Kilwarlin, and Macartan's countrey, and Hugh M'Phelim's sonnes." The Rev. Hill provides footnotes that describe each of the MacDonnell's allies in turn. The accounts give an insight into the politics of the time.

1) M'Neal Oge's son.-Con M'Neal Oge O'Neill of Clannaboy left two sons, the elder of whom was slain in 1584. He was known as Donnell M'Quin or M'Conn, and his death is mentioned by the lords-justices, when writing to the council at London, on the 31st of January, in that year. They describe this young chieftain as having been very dangerous, which meant that he had resisted the authorities of the Pale, often successfully, and to the death. Con's second son probably succeeded his father in at least a portion of the family estates, as we here find him allied with Sorley Boy in the year 1585.

Con M'Neale Oge, the father, was a very warlike chief, and appears to have taken spoils repeatedly from the inhabitants of Carrickfergus. In a "Note of their great Losses," it is recorded that on one occasion he took from them 400 kine (cattle), after having slain the mayor and the constable of the king's castle, with 2 4 of the townsmen.

At another time, Con carried off their mayor, William Wallis, and a Mr Corbett, from whom he received £540 as their ransom. A third visit from this chieftain is recorded, when he seized and carried off 100 head of cattle. He then placed 200 men by night in the middle of the town to kill Sir Brian M'Fellomy, and thus to win the town. Perceiving they were hardly beset by him, they (the inhabitants) gave to Sorley Boy M'Donell £20 sterling in wine, silk, and saffron to assist them. (See Calendar of the Carew MSS., second series, ppl47, 148.)

In 1584, there were great disputings about territory among the O'Neills, and sir John Perrot states that Con M'Neale Oge aspired, by the law of tanistry, to the government of all Clannaboy, but that he adjudged to him upper or southern Clannaboy, giving the northern territory to Shane M'Brian and Hugh Oge. (Ibid., second series, p.383.) After this arrangement, probably, he was knighted, as in the following year he is styled sir Con.

36 M'Neal Oge's son.-(Cont') The disputes among this connection appear to have continued, for in 1592 we have the following reference to the subject in a letter from Elizabeth to the Irish deputy:-"It appears that for extinguishing the contention between Shane M'Brian and his cousin, Neale Oge, touching lands in North Clandeboy, they have submitted themselves and given pledged to live in obedience to our laws, and are desirous to have by our grant the country divided between them, whereupon you have thought it convenient that Shane M'Brian, being the chief of the sept, should have three parts of the country, and Neal Oge a fourth part; and yet nevertheless that the castle of Edendoghkerry, with the lands thereunto belonging, should remain with us, for which they have both made such contention. Morrin's Calendar, second series, p.226.

2) Of the Dufferin.-Scots settled extensively throughout the territories of the Dufferin and Lecale during the sixteenth century. Their leader is known in the State Papers as Alexander Macranald Boy, so called from the descent of himself and his clan from Randal, surnamed Ban or white-haired, second son of John Mor and Margery Byset. For sir Thomas Cusake's account of the Scottish occupation of the Dufferin, see the Calendar of the Carew MSS., first series; and for Marshal Bagenall's account, in 1586, see Ibid., second series.

These would have been the Scots whom the Archbishop of Armagh, George Dowdall referred to as taking control of County Down. 3) The O'Kellies.-This clan occupied one of the nine subdivisions of upper or southern Clannaboy. Their lands comprehended "the greater part of Comber parish and Tullynakill. On Norden's map the name Kellies is laid on the situs of Comber, and Slut Kellies a little W.S.W. of Drumbo. Johnson's map places the Kellies between Castlereagh and Dufferin on the east and south, and Slut MacO'Neale and Kinelarty on the west. The family was originally settled near Drumbo." (Reeves's Eccles. Antiquities, p. 347.)

The 0'Kellies were also known as the Mag Duileachans; and "Clanbrassel MacCoolechan (Clan-Breasail Mag Dhuilechain),so called for distinction betwixt it and one other country of the same name in the county of Armagh, is a very fast country of woode and bogg, inhabited with a sept called the 0'Kellies, a very savage and barbarous people, and given altogether to spoils and robberies." See Cambrensis Eversus, translated and edited by Kelly, vol.1., p. 248, note; see also an old authority quoted in Dubourdieu's Antrim, vol. 11., p. 627.

4) Kilwarlin.-The territory of Kilwarlin adjoins Killultagh, and its woodmen were always a formidable power in ancient Ulster. In 1585, the year above referred to, their captain or leader was Ever Macrorie M'Brian Magennis, this branch of the Magennises being known as MacRorie from its founder Rudhraighe. Their territory comprehended the present parish of Hillsborough, with portions of the parishes of Blaris, Moira, Dromore, and Dromara.

37 4) Macartan's countrey.-The present Kinelarty, anciently known as Cinel-Fagartaigh-i. e., ''Race of Fagartach, ' the tribe name of the Macartans. They derive their name from Fagartach, son of Mongan, son of Saran, of the race of Ross, king of Ulster. From Artan, grand-son of Fagartach, they take their hereditary surname of Macartan. Their country lies between Kilwarlin and Lecale. In 1585, their leader was Acholie M'Cartan who could turn out in Sorley Boy's service a goodly number of footmen but no horsemen, because their country was not suited to the training of cavalry, being then covered by woods and bogs. (See Reeves's Eccles.Antiquities, pp.213, 368; O'Daly's Tribes of Ireland, translated and edited by 0'Donovan, p. 60; Book of Rights, edited by 0'Donovan, p.206.)

The queen had granted this territory to sir Nicholas Malbie, by whom the rightful owners were expelled. In 1575, when Sydney visited the neighbourhood, instead of the Macartans, he found in Kinelarty bands of outlaws and thieves. "Now," says Sydney, "no Benefitt arryseth at all to Malbye, nor none ells; but contrariwise, being held as it is, breadethe moche Trouble and Inconvenience to the goode Neighbourhoode, and common Quiet and Securitie of the Countrie." Sydney's Letters and Memorials,vol. 1., p.76.

6) Hugh M'Phelim's sonnes.-Hugh MacFelim O'Neill was elder brother to Brian MacFelim mentioned at pp.147, 153, supra. He was captain or lord of Killultagh, a territory consisting of about sixty thousand acres, now comrising almost all the Lisburn estates. Although he had been a fierce opponent of the Scots, and was slain by them in 1583, his sons now (1585) united their forces with those of Sorley Boy. For an account of a 'difficulty' or dispute between Hugh MacFelim and the people of Carrickfergus, see M'Skimin's History, 3rd edition, pp.291,292. Northern Clannaboy was divided by Perrot between the sons of sir Brian M'Felim and Hugh M'Felim, but Bagenall states in his account of Ulster two years later (1586), that there had been great dissentions and slaughters among these cousins. (See Calendar of the Carew MSS., second series, p.438.)

Dymock, in his Treaties of Ireland (1599), refers to this division as follows:-"North Clanneboy is devided into two partes, the ryver of Kellis being the meare bownde. The South parte thereof was given for a rent to the sons of Brian M'Felim O'Neile, who were all pencioners to her majestie, and the eldest Shane M'Brian yeyy liveinge was cheeffe. The north part beyond Kellis to the ryver of Ban, by lough Eaugh, was assigned to the sonnes of Hugh M'Felim, elder brother to sir Brian,whose eldest sonne and chiefe of that parte is Hugh Oge M'Hugh." See Butlers edition, p.22.

As I mentioned earlier, Matthew in his work, "The O'Neills of Ulster", makes reference to the Kelly's of Clandeboy fostering Scots! This was a traditional custom among the Gaels and was a method of binding families together and creating alliances. It was presumably a branch of the Antrim MacDonnell's; who the Kelly's of County Down formed a close relationship with.

38 The alliance of the Antrim Scots and native Irish created a formidable force and following the recapture of the MacDonnell fortress of Dunluce, Sorley Boy made overtures for peace. The English were only too happy to respond and following the customary submission, Sorley Boy was granted most of the Route and the Glynns (Glens) of Antrim.

The Antrim McDonnell's achieved the most success in the long term by being on the winning side when it mattered and by shrewd diplomacy. By the close of 1596, James MacDonnell controlled not only the whole of the Route but the Glynns as well.

i) The Nine-Years War:

Whilst the Fiants Elizabeth I referred to previously were'concerned with the situation in east Ulster, the principal areas of military activity in the late 16th century took place west of the river Bann.

y

Places in Ulster where Rathlin Island 1575 principal actions of the period 1565-1600 occurred.

4

0 miles 20

Names ol lorashios snown tnus : rr«»e

Names ol ruling lamilies shown thus : o ra Pass 1600

Hugh O'Neill and Hugh Roe O'Donnell, the principal chieftains of Ulster, although nominally owing allegiance to the English crown, had risen in rebellion. They met with initial success, defeating the English at the battles of Clontibret (1595) and Yellow Ford (1598).

Antrim and Down were often allied to the O'Neills and O'Donnells by kinship or marriage, but were rarely under their direct control, .principally because they lay too far from the power base of the Gaelic lords.

39 In the borderland areas of Ulster, there was no one powerful overlord but rather a number of less influential families, often owing just a nominal allegiance to the O'Neills of Tyrone. As Father Wolfe, S.J. a 16th century commentator noted, Antrim and Down were ruled by diverse nobles (without the title lord) this in contrast to the western parts of Ulster, which were ruled by Tyrone and Tyrconnell as overlords.

With a constantly changing political situation in east Ulster the native Irish became adept at backing the group whose influence prevailed at any given time. This ability to adapt to changing political realities was noted by most 16th century English writers.

In 1601 however, Con O'Neill the new lord of Clandeboy joined the forces of the Earl of Tyrone, this must have been after much deliberation on the part of O'Neill as to what course of action to follow. Unfortunately for Con O'Neill the rebellion failed the same year, i.e. in December 1601, following defeat for the Irish forces at the battle of Kinsale.

Hugh O'Neill the Earl of Tyrone continued a guerrilla war until March 1603, when he signed the treaty of Mellifont with Lord Mountjoy, i.e. Elizabeth's deputy. Although the O'Neills and the O'Donnells were restored to most of their estates, the old Gaelic order had changed and the English administration constantly sought to interfere in Irish matters.

The Ulster lords social and political status had changed and their overlordship of subordinate clans was questioned. Consequently the Earls left Ireland in 1607 along with their principal supporters, to settle in Spain as voluntary exiles. Neither they nor any other Ulster notables wished to witness and preside over the demise of the Gaelic way of life.

As a result of his actions in the nine-year war, Con O'Neill fell into disfavour; he had rebelled against the Crown and was also in debt regarding Crown rent on his land. In due course he was to lose a large part of his estates, see The Plantation of Down, Page 61.

However for the ordinary Irish peasantry the situation was much graver, famine and pestilence followed in the wake of the war. This was to have an important and long-term demographic impact on east Ulster.

The population of east Ulster in the late 16th century was already relatively low. In 1593 Sir William Weston, a chief justice on assize in Antrim, commented that Antrim and Down were: "very slenderly inhabited, and a great part thereof, very good and fruitful land, do lie desolate". The population of Antrim and Down was to fall further following the nine years war in the 1590's.

Around 1600, the English administration estimated the total number of Irish "rebels"in Ulster at 8,592 men. Based on this figure, an overall estimate for the adult population of Ulster has been given as between 25,000 and 40,000 people. However this figure predated the ensuing famine and pestilence which the intensification of the war in Ulster caused.

40 The 16th century English historian, Fynes Morison, who witnessed the campaigns in Ulster uncannily pre-echoed scenes of later centuries when he wrote of the multitudes of dead, "with their mouths all coloured green by eating nettles, docks and all things they could rend above ground".

Another example of the horrors inflicted upon the native Irish by the destruction of their food supplies was recorded by two Crown officials who reported the following:...

A most horrible spectacle of three children (whereof the eldest was not above ten years old) all eating and gnawing with their teeth the entrails of their dead mother, upon whose flesh they had fed twenty days past, and having eaten all from the feet upward to the bare bones, roasting it continually by a slow fire, were now coming to the eating of her said entrails in like sort roasted, yet not divided from the body, being as yet raw. "

The decrease in east Ulster's population was therefore due to a combination of military casualties, enforced migration of the population, starvation and disease. These all followed in the wake of the English army commander Mountjoy's, scorched earth policy.

With the cessation of the nine years war in 1603,a series of pardons were issued to those involved, these pardons are recorded in both the Fiants Elizabeth mentioned previously, and also in the Irish Patent Rolls of James 1st who succeeded Elizabeth in March 1603. These documents record the names of thousands of Irishmen of all ranks and note their county of origin. Of interest in relation to the Kellie's of Clandeboy is the following entry:

1604: General Pardon to Owen oge O'Neile of Slught McO'Neile in Downe co. gent. Toole O'Neile of the same, gent. Toole Modder O'Neile of the same, gent. Cormock Modder O'Neile of the same, gent. Con McOwen McToole, gent. Cormock McGradie, yeoman, Teige McGradie, yeoman, Manus O'Hinerie, yeoman, Pat McGradie, yeoman, Daniel McOwen, yeoman, Henry McGoghogane, yeoman, Henry McThorlo Ganolagh, yeoman, Shane McOwen, yeoman, Shane McQuine, yeoman, Pat. McCarre, yeoman, Gilliduffe O'Kellie, yeoman.- 18TH June.

This list contains another 47 names and includes men from both the Ardes and Evagh, i.e. the Maginness country. My interest in the above list is because the territory of the Slught O'Neiles lay adjacent to that of the Kellie's of Clandeboy, see map on page 15. It is also interesting to note that in the book "The O'Neill's of Ulster", a Gillduff McDonough O'Kelly is mentioned, see page 13.

Whilst the Kellys, appear from most authoritative accounts to have been located in the territory of the O'Neill's of Clandeboy in north and west Down, there was also a Sept of Kelly's resident in south Down. Crawford in his book, "History and Legends of the Carlingford District", (1913), lists the O'Kellys as being one of the local septs to attend the last inauguration of a Maggenis Chief, outside Warrenpoint.

41 This Sept of Kellys, may have been a branch of the Kelly's of Clandeboy, however it is also possible that it was a different Sept of Kelly's altogether. The Tithe and Griffiths land records of the 19th century, reveal a nucleus of Kelly's in southwest Down, see Kelly's of Iveagh, Page 89.

The Magennis, although nominally owing allegiance to the crown, was by no means subservient to the English and was at times in open conflict with them. The Magennis lands were frequently plundered by the English, e.g. in 1600 Lord Mountjoy the army commander in Ulster, seized 1,000 head of cattle from the Magennis lands.

i) Conclusion:

Everyday life in County Down, prior to the plantation of 1601, can be considered to have taken place within a relatively sophisticated set of social, economic and political conditions. The culture of this area was not strictly homogeneous, but may be described as a Gaelic Irish base, influenced in turn by Scandinavian, Gaelic Scots and Anglo-Norman settlers.

Conditions for the majority of the population, including the Kellys, was one of a constant battle against the vagaries of nature and its adverse effects on food production. This was not too dissimilar, to what might be expected in e.g., southwest Scotland where a bad harvest would have serious consequences. Also the relationship between estate owners and their tenants in relation to e.g., security of tenure, could be considered to operate along similar lines.

The main difference I would argue, between e.g., Galloway and County Down was the political situation. East Ulster was a border society, where several competing interests sought to dominate. Instability and conflict appear to have been permanently present throughout the 16th and into the 17th centuries. Shifting military alliances and the destruction of land and resources could not have helped the ordinary people in their constant struggle for survival.

It would appear that by the end of the Elizabethan period and following the nine years war, the population of south Clandeboy, i.e. the Kellie's territory had been decimated. The accounts of war, famine and depopulation makes one wonder how any significant group or Sept could have survived. However from O'Lavertys comments see page 17, it appears that the Kellys were still numerous in the Drumbo area in the 1880's!

0'Laverty states that these Kellys, who were Protestant had abandoned their Catholic faith through being surrounded by Presbyterians, but was he totally correct in his analysis?

The first part of my history has been concerned with the native Irish Kelly's of County Down. I now wish to shift the focus of my attention in the next section to another group of Kelly's, of Scots origin whom I believe migrated to County Down, during or subsequent to the 17th century plantation.

42 SECTION 3

SCOTS KELLYS

a) Introduction [Page 44) b) The Old Parish Records (Page 45) / 1) East of Scotland 2) Ayrshire 3) Argyllshire 4) Hebridies 5) Galloway c) Early Sources (Page 48) 1) Wigtownshire 2) Kirkcudbrightshire d) Galloway, Man & Ulster (Page 50) 1) The People of Galloway 2) Relations with Man 3) The Gaelic Language

43 SCOTS KELLYS

a) Introduction:

In Section 1, I quoted the Irish historian, 0'Laverty who stated that the Kelly's of the Drumbo area had abandoned their Catholic faith, due to pressure of numbers following the plantation of the early 17th century, see page 16. Whilst evidence from early Presbyterian Church Registers would appear to support 0'Laverty's belief, I believe there is an alternative explanation for the presence of at least some of the Protestant Kelly's of north Down. Generally speaking, members of the Presbyterian churches especially in North County Down were most likely to have been of Scots origin. This was as a result of the ancestors of the Irish Presbyterians having emigrated from Scotland in the 17th century.

This was the time of the Ulster plantations; i.e. the official plantation of the "escheated", i.e. confiscated counties of Armagh, Cavan, Donegal, Coleraine, Tyrone and Fermanagh, which began around 1610. Prior to the official plantation, i.e. 1606, the Lords Montgomery and Hamilton, both Ayrshire men "secured" two thirds of the lands of the O'Neill of Clandeboy, in Counties Antrim and Down. This unofficial plantation was to develop more rapidly and with more success, than the Jacobite plantation west of the river Bann.

It is my belief that amongst the early Scots settlers of the 1600's in County Down, were a number of Kelly's. Black in his work, "The Surnames of Scotland", stated that the surname Kelly/MacKelly had a number of origins in Scotland the principal one's of which were as follows:

KELLY l)From the lands of Kelly near Arbroath, Angus. In 1373 John de Kelly was Abbot of Arbroath and in 1526, a James Kelle was the notary public in the diocese of St Andrew. 2)From a family named Kelle long resident in Dunbar who derived their name from an old spelling of Kello, in 1559 a Cudbert Kelle was tenant of Eistbarnis of Dunbar and in 1590 an Alexander Kellie was bailie of Dunbar. 3)Derived from the lands of Kelly in the parish of Innerkip, Renfrewshire ,a Convallus de Kelle witnessed an instrument of sasine of the lands of Mernys and Netherpollock in 1454.

MacKELLY

DFrom the surname MacKelly found in Galloway. Kalman McKelli and Michael his brother, were two of the "chief men of Clenafren", in Galloway in 1298 and an Andrew M'Kelli appeared as a witness in Wigtownshire in 1426. In Dumfriesshire a Thomas M'Kelle acquired the lands of Gaitgil, Dumfries in 1476. 2)MacKellys were also to be found in the east and north of Scotland. A Roger McKelli was recorded in Culane, Inverness in 1340, Oswald Mackelly was bailie of Edinburgh in 1392 and a John M'Kelli of Abercorn was a clerk of liverance to Queen Euphemia in 1364.

44 MacKELLY (Continued)

3)Finally there was a Kelly family of some importance living in Perthshire in the 14th century. John McKelly or M'Kelli son of Galfridus McKelly was granted all the lands of Byniane in the barony of Methven in 1374. b) The Old Parish Records: 1) East of Scotland: An examination of the Parish Registers of the Church of Scotland, also reveals the geographical spread of the surname, Kelly, Kellie or MacKellie. The name and its variants appear in many parts of the country, from the start of the registers i.e. the late 16th century. The earliest Scottish parish register entry, naming a Kelly is that of Edinburgh which records the baptism of a William Kellie in 1597. Other early parish entries, in the east of Scotland recording Kellie's are as follows: 1609 Inveresk (Edinburgh), 1621 Aberdeen, 1623 Elgin (Moray) and 1642 Ceres (Fife).

As well as those noted above, the east of Scotland has a number of other parishes with entries recording Kelly baptisms and marriages, dating from the mid to late 17th century these include: Abdie (Fife), Alves (Moray), Boness (Linlithgow), Buchan (Stirling), Dalkeith (Edinburgh), Dunbar (Haddington) and Dundee (Angus).

2) Ayrshire: On the West Coast of Scotland, the parish registers of Ayrshire include the following:

Kirkmichael Parish (south-east of the town of Ayr) Marriages: November 1643, Alexander Kellie and Jannat Davidsone 18th March 1651, Alexander Kellie and Helen Baird Baptisms: 14th January 1645, Jannat daughter to Alexander Kellie 18th February 1649, Alexander son to Alexander Kellie 30th May 1653, Katerine daughter to Alexander Kellie

The Alexander Kellie recorded in Kirkmichael parish, most probably had his origins in Wigtownshire, where the name Kellie was much more common than in Ayrshire, see Galloway, page 46.

It' must be noted however, that the Parish Registers mentioned above are amongst the earliest surviving in Scotland. Hence there were probably Kellys living elsewhere in Scotland from the earliest of times, but the records have not survived.

Two areas on the west coast of Scotland, in which the Kelly name or variants of the name were present in the Old Parish Registers, were Argyllshire and Galloway, both formerly Gaelic speaking areas.

45 3) Argyllshire: On the Kintyre Peninsula of Argyllshire, the surname Kelly was especially prevalent in the parish of Campbelltown. The earliest surviving marriage entry for a Kelly, records:

Campbelltown Parish April 1723 Patrick Kelly and Janet Weir A 1636 list of Kintyre tenants recorded the name Okaldie, this was eventually anglicised into the name Kelly.

4) Hebridies: Kellys were also recorded in the parish records of the Hebridean Isle of Skye, but these were fewer in number. There was also a family of Mackellys on the Island of Mull in 1684, the name was spelled McKeallie and also appeared without the Mac as Kellie.

5) Galloway: The parish registers also record a number of Kelly's living in the counties of Wigtownshire and Kirkcudbrightshire in Galloway. I believe a number of these Kellys may have been involved in the plantation of County Down.

The parish Registers for Wigtownshire in southwest Scotland survive from the late 17th century. The Wigtownshire Parish Registers have not been kept on a consistent basis and the researcher is often confronted by both periods of low recording of events and illegible entries.

Two of the earliest surviving Kelly marriage entries in Wigtownshire are as follows:

Penninghame Parish 2nd February 1708, Grissell McKelly and James McNarin. 9th December 1708, Alexander Kelly and Janet Gordon.

Note: Penninghame Parish Register is one of the earliest surviving in Wigtownshire, i.e. 1695.

Two early baptismal entries are as follows:

Kirkinner Parish 1698, Patrick Kelly son to John Kelly. Old Luce Parish 1732, Alexander Kellie son to Charles Kellie and Margaret McCulloch

The Wigtownshire parishes of Kirkmaiden, Old Luce and Stoneykirk contain the largest number of 18th century Kelly baptismal entries. Together these only amount to some 35 records, but they do reveal a significant Kelly presence on the western seaboard.

Donald Whyte, in his "Dictionary of Scottish Emigrants to the USA", records 3 Kelly families listed as departing from Stranraer on the 16th May 1774, bound for New York. Alexander, Peter and Robert Kelly all sailed on board the ship, The Gale, see also Kelly's in America, Section 5.

46 Whilst there were Kellys families in a number of the Parish Registers of Wigtownshire and Kirkcudbrightshire, the fact that the largest number of entries were recorded in the Rhins Parishes of- ' Stoneykirk and Kirkmaiden along with nearby Old Luce might suggest their origin in these parishes. •- • '••- - -- •• • •'- ri-sriv .-

The following map, produced by the Aberdeen and Northeast of Scotland F.H.S. shows the parishes of Wigtownshire and Kirkcudbrightshire along with the starting dates of the parish registers. ,, J j ,, . .

Tk* Couniitt of Kirkcudbright ond Wiyiow thowing Ovtroll Dole* of Old Po»ochiol t-.ec *>*td in Edinburgh ond ovoilobic Worldwide on Micfolilm

KIRKCUDBRIGHT

WIGTOWN

• •

Note: Kirkcudbrightshire is often referred to as "The Stewartry".

47 As well as the parish registers, two other early sources of information concerning the presence of Kelly's in Galloway in the late 17th century, are the Parish Lists and the Covenant and Hearth Rolls. These records consist of a compilation on a parish basis of information extracted principally from two sources.

1) A list of adults, i.e. those aged 12 or over and recording those who were communicant members of the established Episcopal Church. 2) A list of all individuals paying the Hearth tax.

The above records exist for the counties of Wigtownshire, Kirkcudbrightshire and Dumfriesshire, but the amount of information available for each county is variable.

1) Wigtownshire: In relation to Wigtownshire, these 17th century records are located in two separate sources.

1) The Parish Lists of Wigtownshire and Minnigaff. 2) The Covenant & Hearth Records of Wigtownshire.

Parish Lists of Wigtownshire £ Minnigaff (cl684).

Parish Location Name Glenluce Drumeen Margt Kellie Glenluce Barleurs Jon Kellie Glenluce Barleurs Alexander Kellie Glenluce Barleurs Cath McGill, his vyfe Glenluce Barleurs Elizab Kellie Glenluce Glenhoule Gilbert McSkellie Kirkcowan Kirkland Janet Kellie Kirkinner Drumjargen Christian Kale Kirkinner Garcherie Lambert Kellie Kirkmaiden Garachtrie Andrew McSkellie Kirkmaiden Muglock Margrat McSkellie Leswalt Milnetoune Alexander Kelly Mochrum Sir Wm Maxwell's Isob Kail Lands Mochrum Barre Margt Kalie Minnigaff Machremore Androu Kellie there Minnigaff Gerlis Alexander McKeallie Minnigaff Gerlis John McKeallie (Note: Minnigaff is now in Kirkcudbrightshire Penighame Kirkhable Jonet Kelly, servant woman Penighame Castle Stewart Eliz Skelly, servant woman Penighame Kirvisil Marg Kelly, widow Penighame (Borland of) Jonet Skelly, (wife of Alex McCrakan) Penighame• (Clauchan of) Joh McSkelly, widower) Penighame (Clauchan of) Mary McSkelly, daughter Penighame Blackquarters Joh McKelly, husband Penighame Blackquarters Marion McNarin, his wife Stoneykirk Kirkmagill John Kelly Stoneykirk Drummfad Agnes Kelly Stoneykirk Drummfad Alexander Kelly Stoneykirk Drummfad Marg McKilweclock, his wife Stoneykirk Drummfad Alexander Kelly, younger Stoneykirk Drummfad Janet Kelly Stoneykirk Frewgh Janet Kelly, wife of John Fulton? Stoneykirk Killeaster John Kelly Stoneykirk Killeaster Alexander Kelly 48 Parish Location Name Stoneykirk Float Jean Mcskelly Wigtoune Cotland William McSkellie Wigtoune Cotland Alex'r McSkellie Wigtoune Cotland Jannet McSkellie Wigtoune Cotland Jo McSkellie Wigtoune Burgh Malie Kaill Wigtoune Torhouse Grissall McSkellie Wigtoune Clauchrie Clairs Kailzie

There is- a place called Kelly Port on the West Bank of the Cree estuary around 3 miles to the northeast of Wigtown.

According to William Scot in his introduction, the Parish lists were drawn up by the Episcopalian Curates of Galloway and Dumfriesshire and were nominal rolls of all persons, male or female, over the age of 12 years, resident within their respective parishes. Roman Catholics may have been exempted from the Census. The second source listing individuals in Wigtownshire in the late 17th century is: y Covenant & Hearth c!692: Accompt of those who have payd their hearth money within the Shyre of Galloway.

Parish Minnigaff Larg Alexander Kelly (or Kirkmabreck) New Luce Barlure John Kelly Old Luce Drochdooll Andrew Kelly Portpatrick Robert Kelly Stoneykirk Garfland Lands Alexander Kelly Viscount of Stairs List Lambert Kelly

The Covenant & Hearth list only contains names of those heads of households of some means! The unusual name of Lambert (Kelly) occurs in both lists, this is presumably the same person.

It is interesting to note that in the Subsidy Rolls of 1663 for County Down, a Lambart Kelly of Drumro, in the Barony of Lower Iveagh is listed. It is quite possible that there was a family relationship between the Lambart Kelly who was resident in Down and the one resident in Wigtownshire, see Subsidy Rolls, page 64.

2) Kirkcudbrightshire:

The records for Kirkcudbrightshire, include names extracted from other sources including, e.g. Sasines.

Parish lists Of Kirkcudbrightshire (cl684).

Parish Location Name Kirkcudbright (Town of) John Kelly Kirkcudbright Grybtie Jennet Kelly Kirkcudbright Miekle Kirkland William Kelly Kirkcudbright Miekle Kirkland Anne Kelly Kirkcudbright Auchinflower Margaret Kelly Rerick Meikle Hass Margret Kellie Rerick Abbay of Dunsdrenan John Kellie Troqueer Dalskairth David Kaillie (Testament dated 1657) Troqueer Clouden Janet Kaillie (spouse of John Aitken, Millar)

49 Also recorded in the Kirkcudbright Parish Lists of 1684 was a farmtoun or settlement called "Kellie", this was located in the Parish of Girthon. The same place is noted on an early map of the County of Kirkcudbright dated 1787. This is part of a series of Scottish County Maps, produced by Armstrong in his "Scotch Atlas".

Kellie, subsequently became known as Cally and is situated just to the south of the town of Gatehouse of Fleet. The names Kellie and Cally were probably used interchangeably at various times until the production of modern maps led to a standardisation in the spelling of places.

On page 4 6, I mentioned the surviving Old Parish Registers for Wigtownshire and the possibility that the Wigtownshire Kellie's may have originated in the parishes of Stoneykirk, Old Luce and Kirkmaiden. The evidence presented above by the Parish Lists, appear to confirm this hypothesis.

The area commonly referred to as The Rhins contains the harbours of Portpatrick and Port Logan. In the days of sail, Portpatrick was the usual Scottish terminal on the short sea-crossing between Galloway and Ulster. Port Logan was also used on occasion as a terminal for Irish traffic.

d) Galloway, Man & Ulster: A study of surnames in east Ulster during the plantation period, reveals that Wigtownshire provided a large number of the 17th century migrants. I believe these migrants may have included a number of Kellies from Galloway.

The Parish lists and Old Parish Registers, reveal that the name Kelly was not uncommon in southwest Scotland in the 17th century. The presence of Kellies in Wigtownshire and their location in Parishes on the West Coast, i.e. adjacent to County Down make the probability of the migration of some of them to Ulster quite likely.

The movement of Scots migrants, including Kelly's from Wigtownshire to County Down, would not have entailed any great difficulties. The close proximity of Wigtownshire and Down and the ease of communication and transport, which the sea provided, had facilitated the movement of peoples between Scotland and Ireland in both directions for hundreds, if not thousands of years.

An excellent book detailing the movement of Scots into Ulster is, "The Scottish Migration to Ulster in the Reign of James 1", by M Perceval-Maxwell. Maxwell states that with favourable winds the journey from Wigtownshire to County Down took less than 3 hours. As my research has shown, Ulstermen from Down, Scots from Galloway and Manxmen, see Manx Kelly's page 75, have all shared the anglicised Gaelic surname Kelly from at least early medieval times. Sharing a common Gaelic heritage and considering the geographical proximity of all three areas, this is not really surprising.

50 Below is a map showing the proximity of County Down, Ga^^^-ay and the Isle of Man.

$*P

y

Considering the above evidence, I believe it is possible that a number of the Protestant Kelly's of North Down, e.g. those whom O'Laverty referred to as living in the Drumbo area in the 1880's may have been of Scots origin. i) The People of Galloway: The origin and culture of the early people of Galloway has not been researched to the same extent as that of the Scots or Picts, there has however been a few studies of the Galloway area which sheds some light on the subject. During and subsequent to the Roman occupation of southern Scotland, Galloway was inhabited by a people known to us as the Britons. Roman records tell us that the tribal group inhabiting western Galloway was known by them as the Novantae. To the east of the Novantae lay the territories of the Selgovae and the Brigantes these people had a Celtic culture, whose native tongue was akin to Welsh.

51 FAMILY HISTORY LIBRARY 35 NORTH WC.ST TEMPLE SALT LAKE CITY, U ^4150 During the fifth or sixth century the descendants of the Celtic tribes of Galloway were formed into the Celtic Christian kingdom of Rheged which was at its strongest in the period c. 570-90. It was also during this period that St Ninian established his bishopric at Whithorn and built his church, Candida Casa. The earliest surviving Christian inscription at Whithorn (the latinus stone) dates from around 450. This memorial stone and the three 6thcentury Kirkmadrine stones recording the arrival of Christianity in Galloway.

Again the link between Ulster and southwest Scotland is evident in the role Galloway played in the training of students for the Irish priethood. Padraig O'Rian an Irish scholar in his paper, "British Ministry Activity in Ireland", has shown how both St Finian of Movilla and St Finian of Clonard are localisations of the same original figure - a British (i.e. Gallowegian) bishop working in the 6th century in Ireland.

Similar evidence for early Ulster-Galloway links is provided by Charles Thomas in his book, "Britain and Ireland in Early Christian Times". Thomas notes several features both archaeological and linguistic, which point to Irish Gaelic infiltration and settlement in the Rhinns of Galloway around the same period.

G. Chalmers a 19th century historian dated the main Cruthnic, i.e. Irish Picts movement into the Galloway region to the eighth century. Such a settlement by Cruthin from Ulster may help to explain the references in old texts, such as those of Reginald of Durham, Jocelyn of Furness and Richard of Hexham to the "Picts of Galloway". There is dispute over terms such as Pict or Cruthin to describe the people from Ireland who migrated to Galloway around this time; modern scholars regard the term Pict as inaccurate in describing the incomers. The preferred term is the Gall Ghaidhill (foreign Gael) after whom Galloway is named.

By the end of the 7th century, Galloway was to fall under the influence of the Angles of Northumbria who mastered a territory stretching from the southern shore of the Forth to the river Humber, and from the North Sea coast to the Rhins of Galloway and southern Ayrshire. During this period Galloway participated in Northumbria's artistic excellence. The fragmented cross in Kirkcudbright's burial ground, the interlaced metal plate at Rerrick and the sculpture at Minnigaff all bearing witness to the skill and workmanship of this culture.

Relations between the native Britons of Galloway and the Angles of Northumbria appear to have been generally of a co-operative nature. This golden age was shattered in the late 8th and early 9th centuries by the appearance of the Vikings. These Scandinavian raiders brought a new age of terror and insecurity to Galloway with the Christian community of Whithorn particularly affected by the attacks.

There is no evidence that the Norsemen gained control over Galloway and their placenames are confined to limited areas on the coast. It would seem that the predominantly Gaelic culture of the area survived with Northumbrian and Norse elements added.

52 During the 11th century the Irish connection with Gakowcj- resumed. This time Hiberno-Norse craftsmen and possibly monks appear to have been active in a church building or renovation programme in the west of Galloway and along the coasts.

2) Relations with Man: It was also around the 11th century that Gallpway and Man were linked under a Manx bishop, Gamaliel. A series of crofts and chapels similar to the keeils of the Isle of Man commemorating Manx saints such as St Donnan and St Aed mac Bricc were constructed around this period. These sites marked the road north from the Rhins port of Drummore and east towards Whithorn, following a pilgrim's way.

The association between Man and Scotland changed from that of a spiritual to a temporal relationship in 1266, when the possession of the Isle of Man and the Hebridies passed to the Scottish crown from Norway. This resulted in a close association between Man and Scotland which was to last for centuries. Although the Isle of Man was taken by military force in 1333, by the English, it continued to be regarded as a Scottish possession, de jure if not de facto.

Raids were launched against the Isle of Man by Scottish forces from Kirkcudbright in 1456 and again in 1559-60 when the Ayr Burgh Acounts record a payment to Christopher Guidman 'quhen he raid to the He of Man'.

As well as spiritual, political and military links between Scotland and Man there were also trading links, specifically with Galloway. In 1513-14 the crown and the burgh of Wigtown charged some inhabitants of Whithorn and the prior of buying ships in the haven of Wigtown and taking them to the isle of Whithorn where they sold them and furnished 'our soveran lordis inimiys of Inglond, yle of Man and Yrland' with wine, wax, iron and salt, 'now in tym of derth'

3) The Gaelic Language: The abundant Gaelic placenames in Galloway attest to the language of the people during earlier times, but what of the language of Galloway in the late 16th, early 17th century, i.e. the plantation period?

W.L. Lorimer's study of, "The Persistence of Gaelic in Galloway and Carrick" (1947) was published in Scottish Gaelic Studies Vol.Vll (1953) . In his article, Lorimer concluded that Gaelic in Galloway came under pressure from Lallan Scots increasingly from 1560, as a result of the Reformation.

Whilst surviving evidence is scanty, Lorimer argued that the advance of Scottish education from 1638 and especially between 1650 and 1660 had a powerful effect on the replacement of Gaelic by Lallan Scots. What this would imply, is that a number of the early 17th century Galloway migrants to Ulster could have been bilingual and a proportion of them may indeed have been monoglottic Gaelic speakers.

53 In Lorimer's conclusion he also remarked that Gaelic may have survived in Galloway and Carrick until the early/mid 18th century but stressed the importance of contemporary local evidence. In an addenda to his work Lorimer quoted from a letter published in the Scotsman of 18th November 1951, this letter having originally been printed in the Daily Review in 1876:

"Sir,-I send this in corroboration of the fact that Gaelic was to some extent spoken in Ayrshire in the early part of last century. My grand-aunt, Jean M'Murray, who died in 1836 at the age of 87, informed me that Margaret M'Murray, the representative of the elder branch of the M'Murrays of Cultezron, near Maybole, and who died at a very advance age about the year 1760, was long talked of as having been the last Gaelic-speaking native of Carrick.

Cultezron is situated about thirty miles north of Glenapp, and seven or eight miles south of Ayr. Cultezron was possessed by several generations of the M'Murrays, and its name is purely Celtic- "Cul Tigh Eobhain," signifying "the back of Ewan' s house ."-I am, etc.

"Ayr, October 31, 187 6." D. Murray - Lyon.

Lorimer, commenting upon D. Murray-Lyon's letter stated the following.

"This letter, which I had not come across when I wrote my article in 1947, is a much more definite and solid piece of testimony than any of the other items of oral tradition cited, and goes some way to show that a trickle of native Gaelic did persist in Carrick till after 1750.

Note: David Murray-Lyon, (1819-1903) was a foreman printer and overseer with the Ayr Advertiser newspaper, he was a keen local historian who published many articles concerning the past history of Ayr. A member of the Freemasons, he published several books on Scottish Freemasonry and attained the position of Grand Secretary of the Grand Masonic Lodge of Scotland. He was my grandmother, Janet Murray Lyon's grand uncle.

The evidence presented above details a process of almost continual communication and contact between the Celtic peoples of Ulster, Galloway and Man over the centuries. An intriguing question presents itself; could there have been a connection between the Kelly's of these areas prior to the plantation of Ulster?

54 w fiCD

H -J n it a rt d N >< • ' • • ". • '• •• ••" j..

SECTION 4

The Plantation of Down a) The Montgomery Manuscripts (Page 57) b) Census Substitutes . (Page 63) 1) Muster Rolls 2) Subsidy Rolls . 3) Poll Tax Records c) The 1641 Rebellion (Page 67) d) Religion & Language (Page 69) (Ulster £ Galloway)

55 • The Plantation of Down: Returning to the plantation of County Down by the Montgomery and Hamilton families, this commenced in 1605 following the end of the nine years war, see page 39. Con O'Neill the lord of Clandeboy was "persuaded" to part with two thirds of his ancestral lands, in return for cancellation of his debts to the Crown and for a pardon for his part in the rebellion.

As the plantation took place in the area inhabited by the Kellies of south Clandeboy, it may be interesting to consider the early years of the settlement. a) The Montgomery Manuscripts:

These provide a unique description of the early days of the Scots colony that grew up around Newtown and Grey Abbey.

"When the settlers began to arrive in May 1606, the first task they faced was to find shelter, for such was the devastated condition of the countryside that not thirty cabins stood upon the land."

The devastation allayed to, would have been as a result of the earlier Elizabethan wars.

In the Map of Ulster, dated circa 1590, produced by Francis Jobson, which is reproduced on the front cover of Maxwell's book, the Kelles land is placed adjacent to that of the great Ardes, where Montgomery's settlement took place. The manuscripts relate that in 1611 Montgomery's town of Newtown, contained 100 houses all inhabited by Scots and that by 1614, a fairly considerable Scottish settlement had been established.

A will drawn up by Sir James Hamilton the other large landowner in the Ards provides information concerning relations between the incoming Scots and the native Irish. In Hamilton's will it is stated; the Irish occupying such land well suited for fishermen and sailors:

"should be elswher provyded for with favour" as it could, "with far greater advantag, and for better service to his Majestie, (be) lett to Scottishmen".

In other areas where there was less imperative need for the Irish to move, they were to be allowed to stay for the remainder of their lives, but with no security of tenure, nor rights to pass their holdings on to their children. When they died, or if they offended in any way, they were to be replaced with Scots, "or other such tenants". Whilst it may not be described as ethnic cleansing, "Bosnia style", it is self evident that force was used against the native Irish, if economic circumstances so dictated.

57 Both Montgomery and Hamilton rapidly introduced large numbers of Scots settlers into their plantations. Population pressure in Scotland, rising rents and insecurity of tenure, when combined with the promise of cheap and fertile land in Ulster, were the principal factors behind the migration of these settlers.

The movement of large numbers of settlers into County Down had important implications for the demographic structure of the county, especially considering the decimation of the native Irish in the previous decade.

An excellent account of the effects of the early 17th century settlement on County Down, is given by Raymond Gillespie in his book: "Colonial Ulster", (The settlement of East Ulster 1600-1641). In his chapter on, "The Demographic Structure", Gillespie discusses the distribution of the population. Just prior to the establishment of the plantation he notes:

"The disposition of the population c.1600 can only be seen indirectly, but the levies of men by the native lords for the campaigns of the Nine Years War give some indication of the numbers of men in the various region of east Ulster. The greatest levies came from south Antrim and mid-Down, as well as the 16th century Scottish settlements of the Route and the Glynnes in north and east Antrim. The heavily wooded areas of Killultagh, in southwest Antrim, and Kilwarlin in northwest Down, produced relatively few soldiers.

This pattern is confirmed by an analysis of pardons issued at the end of the war, which reflects a much wider spectrum of people than just soldiers. This pattern of population distribution was also recorded by Sir Henry Sidney who in 1575 found Magennis's country, the Ards and the Glynnes well inhabited while Clandeboy and McCartans country in north and east Down were little settled."

Following the establishment of the plantation, there were noticeable differences in the ethnic makeup and distribution of the population, as Gillespie notes:

"By 1659 the distribution had changed. Clandeboy and west Down were densely settled and the central part of Antrim, previously little settled, now had large numbers of English and Scots. The river valleys, the Bann, Lagan, and Six Mile Water, were also heavily settled as were parts of the lowlands around Lough Neagh but the still wooded area of Kilwarlin remained thinly populated."

Gillespie continues later:

"Unlike the scheme for the escheated counties there was no intention to reorganise the distribution of the native Irish population to provide room for the settlers. Thus in many areas the native population from the 16th century survived."

58 The central administration forbade landowners from taking native Irish as tenants, in turn the landowners forbid lessees taking Irish as sub-tenants. However these orders were widely ignored, e.g. a list of tenants on Henry Upton's lands at Templepatrick in 1626, reveals that 27 out of 39 were Irish, despite a clause in his lease forbidding Irish tenants. Where there was a scarcity of settlers e.g., mid-Down most of the native population remained undisturbed.

I mentioned in Section 3, my belief that Kellys from Wigtownshire were amongst the Scot's settlers of County Down, but what evidence is there of this? b) Census Substitutes, (17th century) : 1) Muster Rolls (1630): The Muster Rolls which may be described as a 17th century census substitute, are a source of genealogical information, which may be consulted in the Public Record Office of Northern Ireland; the PRONI reference being, D.1759/3C/1.

Where they have survived, the Muster Rolls list adult British i.e., Scots or English Protestant males between the ages of 16 and 60 capable of bearing arms. It has been estimated, from the Muster Rolls that County Down contained between 2,500 and 3,000 Scottish males, this has been translated into approximately 1,300 to 1,500 families around 1630.

The Muster Rolls are of limited genealogical value due to: a) The period they date from, i.e. early 17th century and b) The limited amount of information contained in them.

The Muster Rolls, are however useful for establishing the presence and geographical location of surnames. I examined the Muster Rolls for County Down, whilst on a visit to PRONI in July 1995. From the rolls, I extracted all references to Kellys.

The rolls themselves are arranged by district.

1) The Earl of Kildare's British Servants (125 men) James Kelley Walter Kelley

2) The Lord Thomas Cromwell, Earl of Ardglass (480 men) Patrick Kelley James Kelley Thomas Kelley Patrick Kelley John Kelley John Kelley

3) The Lordship of Dufferin (248 men) Patrick Kelley

4) The Parish of Bangor (620 men) John McKelly James Miskelly

5) Town of Holywood (414 men) ,Patrick Kelly Robert Kelley 59 Muster Rolls (Continued)

6) Barony of the Great Ardes (314 men) Ninian O'Kelly

7) Lord Viscount Montgomery (1517 men) Patrick McKelley John Kelly

The presence of those Kellys listed above, all Protestants and presumably Scots, confirms my belief that a number of Kellys, particularly those in the north of County Down, did indeed originate in Scotland, (Note: there is a later Muster Roll of 1642/3; Ref: PRONI T.563/1.)

2) Subsidy Rolls 1663: (Ref: PRONI T.307.) Another 17tn century source useful for determining the presence of surnames in a given area, is the Subsidy Roll.

This was a direct tax on land and possessions imposed on the better off citizens. For County Down, several Kellys, both Protestant and Catholic are listed in these records.

Barony Location Name Lower Iveagh Drumro Lambart Kelly

(See also Early Sources: Wigtownshire, page 48) .

Upper Iveagh Luskilly Daniel O'Kelly

Upper Iveagh Tullantavelly Patrick O'Kelly

Lannaghneive Lugagoan Neil Roe O'Kelly

The mixture of native Irish and British settlers, confirms Gillespie's view, that there was no strict adherence to the central administrations desire to exclude the native Irish from land tenure.

3) Poll Tax Records 1663: (Ref :MIC15A/76) Also held in PRONI, the Poll Tax Records list individuals over 12 years of age, who were liable for tax, the names of the individuals and their place of residence are both recorded.

The compilers of the Poll Tax used the townland as their enumeration district, these were arranged by barony. At the end of each barony, total numbers of British, i.e. Scots and English as well as the number of native Irish are given. Also recorded, is a list of the principal Irish names and their numbers for each Barony.

There is a map of the Baronies of County Down on the following page.

60 THE BARONIES OF COUNTY ZWtfTV

The map above shows the Baronies of County Down overlaid on a map of the parishes of County Down.

61 Following is the list of the principal Irish names recorded for each barony.

1) Ards Barony: Moore (23) , Brown (19) , Clerk (18) ,McDowall (15) ,McMullen (15) , McCormick (14) ,McKie (14) , 0'Gilmor (11) ,McConnel (9) ,Martine (8) Gowne (7) ,Carr & 0'Carr(7). English and Scots 1447, Irish 984.

Note: In Bangor Parish there was a townland named Ballyskelly.

2) Castlereagh Barony: McMurray & O'Murray (20) , Brown (15) ,McDowell (15) ,McMullan (15) , O'JCellyds) ,Martin (14) , Smith (11) ,McKie (10) ,McCorne (8) , McCormick(7) . English & Scots 1363, Irish 950.

3) Kinelarty & Dufferin Baronies: Smith (14) ,McKee (12) ,0'Bern (12) , O'Kelly(11) , O'Rogan(n) ,0'Lowry (9) . English & Scots 693, Irish 763.

4) Barony of Lecale: 0'Kelly(i2) ,McMullen(n) , O'Murphy (11) ,Moore (11) ,McMullan(8) , McNaske? (8) ,McBruine (7) ,McBryde (7) ,McCrerie (7) ,0'Kill in (7) , Coan? (6),McTagart(6) , 0' Kenan(6) . English & Scots 1071, Irish 1631.

5) Barony of Lower Evagh: McBrinn (20) , O'Lawry (15) , McCollogh (12) ,Magee (11) , Martin (10) , McCormack (10) , O'Neal (9) ,0'Kelly{e) . English & Scots 1352, Irish 1381.

Note: In Seapatrick Parish there was a townland named Ballykelly.

6) Barony of Upper Iveagh: McMurphy (31) ,0' Fegan (24) , 0'Morgan (23) , 0'Heire (21) , Boy & Mickleboy? (20) , O'Kelly(17) , McBryne(i2), McBrin?(io), Mcllepatrick (10) ,McConnell(9) . English & Scots 448, Irish 2149.

7) Barony of Newry: 0' Doran (20) ,0'Quinne (10) ,McIlboy (8) ,0' Feggan (8) , Slowan(8) White (8) , Garvy (7) . English & Scots 156, Irish 185.

It is interesting to note, that some of the surnames listed as being Irish, would appear to be English or Scots, e.g. Moore, Brown, McKie or McCormack. However, these apparently British surnames, could be due to either Anglicisation of Irish Gaelic names, or even misspelling of names when they were being written down.

G.B. Adams, in his work, "Aspects of Monoglottism in Ulster", (ulster Foiklife Vol.22 1976), analysed the distribution of the two linguistic groups, i.e. Irish and English/Scots recorded in the Poll Tax Returns. Adams plotted the percentage of Irish speakers by townland for the baronies of Ards and Castlereagh in north Down.

62 In his analysis of the distribution of the two linguiscic groups in north Down, Adams states.

"The general level of the Irish-speaking population in 165 9 appears to have been 41.67J* in Castlereagh and 40.46X in Ards. These were the only two baronies in County Down in which Irish- speakers were in the minority and even here they still constituted just over two-fifths of the total population." The above figures are due to the fact that the Ards and Castlereagh were the areas that experienced the largest number of Scots settlers in the early 17th century. Indeed the relative resilience of the Irish language in these areas may be considered surprising considering the immigration of the large numbers of Scots into north Down.

The Subsidy Rolls and Poll Tax Records of 1663, together with the earlier Muster Rolls of 1630, prove that as well as the native Irish Catholic Kelly's or 0'Kellys of County Down, there were a number of Protestant Kelly's, most likely Scots, of plantation origin resident in the County. c) The 1641 Rebellion:

Trevor McCavery's book, "Newtown (A History of Newtownards)", gives an excellent account of the conditions and background to events in County Down during the plantation period.

The early decades of the plantation, i.e. from 1610 till 1640 was a period of consolidation and prosperity for the Scots settlers in east Ulster. Previously under utilised land was made productive, markets were developed and trade grew. The town of Newtownards grew rapidly, with a hundred houses in 1611 its population would have been around 500.

In the late 1630's an attempt to impose Anglicanism on the Presbyterian Scots settlers of east Ulster resulted in many leaving Ulster and returning to Scotland. This combined with insecurity in tenant farmers leases and a bad harvest in 1639 led to a rapid decline in the population.

Returning to relations between the native Irish and the British settlers, the Muster Rolls indicate that there were also periods of tension in Ulster between the two communities, particularly during times of open hostility, such as the 1641 revolt. The revolt broke out in October 1641 when native Ulster chiefs rose in rebellion in an attempt to recover confiscated lands. Their leader was Owen Roe O'Neill, nephew of Hugh O'Neill, the Earl of Tyrone. It would appear that prior to the 1641 rebellion there existed a special relationship between the native Irish and the Scots planters. This may have been due to the similar cultural backgrounds of the two peoples or due to their shared hostility to the English!

63 In the early stages of the rebellion the Irish issued the following proclamation.

"Upon pain of death, that no Scotchman should be stirred in body, goods or lands, and that they should to this purpose write over the lyntels of their doors that they were Scotchmen, and so destruction might pass over their families."

Unfortunately as the rebellion developed this special relationship between the native Irish and the Scots settlers appears to have broken down. Hostilities quickly reached east Down, with the district around Newtownards coming under attack. On New years Eve 1641,the second Viscount Montgomery wrote from Mount Alexander (Comber).

"We are kept exceeding busy with the rebels who burn and kill within a mile and a half of this place, insomuch as from Newry to this, there is not a Scots or English dweller - this being thirty four miles; nor from Downpatrick to Killyleagh, nor from thence hither." In January 1642 a force of native Irish advanced from Killinchy to Comber, where in February they were repulsed by the second Viscount Montgomerys forces at Battletown. With the arrival of Monros ten thousand strong army in Carrickfergus in April 1642 the Irish army was pushed out of east Ulster altogether. After seeing action in Kilwarlin Wood, Loughbrickland and finally Newry, the Scots turned back towards Comber. En route they plundered some four thousand cattle from the native Irish when passing through the districts of Kinelarty and Lecale. Several 0'Kellies from the townland of Ballyvicknacally in the parish of Dromore were recorded as taking part in the 1641 rising. Yeomen, Tirlogh, William, Rory mac Cullo, Cullo, Patrick, Richard, Neill Duff, Edmond and Donald 0'Kellie, were all named as rebels in, "The Wars of 1641 in County Down", the deposition of the High Sheriff Peter Hill (1645), see also Wills, page 125.

Following the uprising it would certainly have paid any native Irish, including the 0'Kellies to have maintained a low profile, considering the dominance of the Scots settlers in the Clandeboy and Ardes district.

d) Religion & Language:

The early Scots settlers in Down were followed swiftly by Presbyterian Ministers. These clergymen were instrumental in establishing congregations and places of worship through which the spiritual needs of their people could be met and by which means moral authority and discipline could be maintained.

The establishment of Presbyterian congregations was an indication of the strength of numbers of Scots settlers and their growing self- confidence. By 1631, thirteen Presbyterian congregations had been established in Down and Antrim.

64 Leaving aside times of open conflict such as 1641, there were also periods when the native Irish and Scots settlers enjoyed conditions of relative stability and harmony. Documents and town maps of a later date, e.g. Colville's map of Newtownards cir, 1710, containing Irish surnames, inform us that the Irish and Scots could live amiably enough and engage in general economic activities.

Evidence such as rentals, leases and church registers record a good deal of_social and economic contact, including intermarriage, as well as more general cultural assimilation between the native Irish and the incoming Scots. Although a number of the Presbyterian Kellys may have been of Scots ancestry, whilst the Catholic Kellys would have been of native Irish stock, it should not be assumed that religious denomination is an accurate indicator of national origins.

In the late 17th and 18th century, when the discriminatory penal laws were in force, some Catholics certainly changed religion to that of the Established, i.e. Anglican Church. This was done in order to safeguard their property and tenancies, as following the Williamite wars of the late seventeenth century, there were legal and financial constraints on Roman Catholics holding property, or official positions during the eighteenth century.

Discriminatory legislation was also applied towards "dissenters", i. e. those Protestants who were not members of the established church, principally the Presbyterians. Although the legislation applied against such dissenters was not as severe as that applied against the native Irish Catholics, it still built up a great deal of resentment against the established church.

As well as conversions to Anglicanism to safeguard property rights, many Irish Catholics would have come under pressure to change their religion by virtue of having become a minority community in their own land, this would have occurred from the early 17tn century with the arrival of the Scots planters.

Robinson in his book,"The Plantation of Ulster", states;

"However, in the areas of densest settlement, for example in south Antrim and north Down, where the Irish were greatly outnumbered, there is some evidence that some became Protestant and were totally assimilated into the surrounding culture. Lists of early Presbyterian congregations in these areas of east Ulster indeed display a substantial proportion of local, pre-plantation Irish surnames."

An example of the conversion to Presbyterianism was given by W.T. Latimer who edited the Old Session Book of Templepatrick Presbyterian Church in County Antrim in the Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, 25 (1895), 130-4."

The Session Book of Templepatrick covered the period 1646 to 1744 and included the native Irish names of Murdock 0 Donnallie, Oyen McGouckin, Jein McGee, Meive 0 Conalie, Patrick 0 Mory, Schilie 0 Donally, Shan 0 Hagain, Donald 0 Crilie, Rorie 0 Crilie, and Jenkin 0 Conally.

65 In a footnote Latimer states;

"The number of Celtic names which occur in this record is remarkable. How have these names disappeared from among the Northern Irish Presbyterians? In all probability they have become anglicised. If this has taken place even in districts where the Celts live together in large bodies, much more will it take place where they are a minority among the Scots."

Further evidence of the conversion to Presbyterianism by the native Irish of Ulster is provided in the registers of Saintfield 1st Presbyterian Church in County Down. Founded in 1658, the original Irish name of Tonaghneave [Tamhnach Naomh) is still in use. The historian, G.B. Adams carried out a detailed study of the congregation in 1970 and found an extensive list of native Irish surnames. His list contained the following names: Connolly (0 Conghaile), Donnan (0 Donnain), Dornan (0 Domain), Downey (0 Maoldomhnaigh), Dugan (0 Dubhagain), Flynn (0 Floinn), Hanvey (0 hAinbheith), Hayes (0 hAodha), Kelly (O Ceallaigh), Kernaghan (0 Cearnachain), Kinghan (0 Cuinneain), Magee (Mag Aoidh), Magowan (Mac an Ghabhann), Mateer (Mac an tSaoir), Morrow (Mac Murchadha), Murray (0 Muireadhaigh), McCaughey (Mac Eachaidh), McClenaghan (Mac Leannachain), McConnell (Mac Conaill), McCullough (Mac Cu Uladh), McCurry (Mac Corraidh), McKee (Mac Aoidh), McMorran (Mac Moghrain), McMullan (Mac Maolain), McNeilly (Mac an Fhilidh), McVeigh (Mac an Bheatha), Peak (Mac Piece),Skelly (O Scalaighe), Sloan (O Sluaghain) .

Adams also mentioned that many Irish surnames would have been changed to English sounding names to assist in assimilation, e.g. Mac an Ri (McAree) became King; Mac Ruairi (McRory) became Rogers; 0 Loingsigh (Lynch) became Lindsay; 0 Baoill (Boyle) became Boal; Mac Seain (McShane) became Johnston.

A neglected factor in understanding the conversion of Irish Catholics to the Presbyterian faith is the role of language in the process. It is usually believed that the lowland Scots settlers in Ulster in the early 17th century were Scots or English speakers. The validity of this belief has been questioned by a number of historians. I have already referred to Lorimer's paper, "The Persistance of Gaelic in Galloway and Carrick", page 53.

G.B. Adams in, "Aspects of Monoglottism in Ulster", stated that a certain proportion of the incoming Scots were Gaelic-speaking, coming as they did from the Highlands and also from Western Galloway, "which at that time was still partly Gaelic speaking."

M. W. Heslinga in, "The Irish Border as a cultural Divide" (Assen 1962) states: "As far as the language is concerned, there was no clear cut division between the immigrants and the ^natives'. It is fairly certain that many colonists of the first three decades of the seventeenth century who came from Galloway were Gaelic speakers. The same holds good for (later) immigrants from the Highlands whose descendants, in some cases, remained Gaelic speaking until the first half of the nineteenth century."

66 T.F. O'Rahilly in, "Irish Dialects Past and Present", (Dublin 1972), reported that Galloway was substantially Gaelic speaking right up to the seventeenth century.

The Reverend James Stothers in his unpublished work, "The Use of the Irish Language by Irish Presbyterians" (Q.U.B. , M. Theo. dissertation 1981), commented that a significant number, although not nearly majority, of the Presbyterians who settled in Ulster, spoke Gaelic. These Presbyterian immigrants to Ulster he considered, would have continued to use their Gaelic language at least for the first generation and possibly longer.

Adams, Heslinga Lorimer and Stothers are quoted in Roger Blaneys book, "Presbyterians and the Irish Language". In his work, Blaney concurs with the historians in their belief that many of the "lowland" Scots settlers in Ulster were in fact Gaelic speakers. Blaney mentions the effort made by many of the incoming Scots settlers to acquire the Irish language:

"Because Irish was the prevalent tongue and because very many people did not understand English, the newcomers who were not Gaelic-speaking would, of necessity, have had to learn some in order to converse with the public, and for purposes of trade and employment. Others would look on the acquisition of the language as an added dimension to their lives and a way of making contact with a wider community. Later again, many came to place Irish literature and song in high regard and made positive efforts to save and promote the language for its own sake."

Blaney also comments upon the recruitment and encouragement by the Synod of Ulster of Irish speaking Presbyterian Ministers of both native Irish and Scots origin, e.g. Jeremiah 0'Quinn (a.1657) and James Wallace (a.1674). With the presence of such Ministers and a large number of Gaelic speaking Scots settlers present, the conversion of many Irish Catholics to Presbyterianism is easier understood. There would not have been the same cultural disparity felt between the native Irish and the Scots settlers, as there would have been between the native Irish and the English settlers.

Blaney, concluding Chapter 2 of his work, i.e. "Arrival And Settlement", states:

"As far as an overall estimate is .concerned, it is not unreasonable to suggest that at least one eighth of Presbyterians had been recruited from the native Irish- speaking population; that at least one quarter of the incoming Scots were Gaelic-speaking; and that another eighth of congregations used Irish which they had learned to speak to their Irish neighbours and, even more importantly, to converse with Irish-speaking members of their own congregations. These conservative estimates suggest that at least half of all the early Presbyterians in Ulster were Irish/Gaelic-speakers."

67 Whilst the available evidence points to the conversion of a significant number of the native Irish including, Kellys to Presbyterianism or Anglicanism, I still consider that a number of the Protestant Kelly's listed in the early muster rolls and poll tax returns were most likely of Scots extraction.

Names in the muster rolls such as Ninian O'Kelly (Ards), Patrick McKelley (Montgomery's Estate) and John McKelly (Bangor), are I would suggest,of Galloway origin.

It must be noted however, that the surname McKelly should not in itself be taken to indicate a Scots origin, as the name was to be found in Ireland as well as Scotland during this period. In my research of the Fiants Elizabeth (see Page 32), I came across several examples of Irishmen bearing the surname McKelly.

At the conclusion of Section 3, i.e. Scots Kelly's, I posed the question, "Could there have been a connection between the Kelly's of Galloway and Down prior to the early 17th century?"

On a general level, there would have been a great deal of pre-17th century connections between the people of Galloway and Ulster considering their shared cultural and linguistic backgrounds. As mentioned previously the sea has always been a major means of communication and trade between Scotland and Ireland and the geographical proximity of Wigtownshire and County Down would have enhanced this connection.

Whilst the plantation period saw the mass movement of people from Scotland to Ulster, as I mentioned in section 3, i.e. The Scots Kelly's, there was continual contact between the people of Wigtownshire and Down for many centuries prior to the 17th. Such contact took many forms over the centuries, e.g. trade and commerce, military assistance, the movement of religious people, the escape of fugitives from the law or merely the chance movement of individuals between the two lands.

Although an impossible hypothesis to prove, it is not inconceivable that there may have been a genetic link between the Kellys of Galloway, Down and possibly Man.

68 SECTION 5

Other Kelly's a) Manx Kelly's. (Page 70) b) Cornish Kelly's. (Page 71) y c) Kellys in America. (Page 72)

69 Other Kelly's

Whilst I believe, that Scots Kelly's did migrate to Ulster in the 17th century, there are another two possibilities for the origin of some of the Protestant Kelly's of County Down, which should be considered. a) MANX KELLY'S: The Isle of Man shares a common Celtic heritage with both Scotland and Ireland. The Manx language may have virtually died out, but the island retains its customs, traditions and sense of independence epitomised by the Manx parliament the Tynwald. The name Kelly, is of course synonymous with the Isle of Man, the Manx parish registers and other genealogical sources reveal a considerable number of Kellys as having been present on the island from the earliest times. The name and its variants, along with other Manx surnames, are indicative of the islands Gaelic past.

The earliest entries in the Manx parish registers, date from the early 1700's. The names Charles and Richard Kelly being quite common, with 75 of the former and 69 of the latter listed. A study of Manx surnames appeared in the 1886 Manx Note Book. In this work, the following names are noted along with their earliest recorded dates.

McHelly (1417), McKelly (1429), MacHellie (1430), Kellye (1601), Kelly (1605) and Kelley (1628). The note book mentions that the surname Kelly was very common in the parishes of Braddan, Marown and Michael German, common elsewhere except in the parishes of Maughold and Lezayre.

As the map on page 37 shows, the Isle of Man lies only 20 miles from the Galloway coast and some 36 miles from County Down. There has been considerable trade and movement of people between the various lands bordering the Irish Sea for centuries, see Galloway, Man & Ulster page 53.

As well as sharing a common Celtic heritage, Man, Ulster and Galloway were also settled by Norse and Danish, i.e. Viking settlers from the 9th century. These Viking settlements along with others further afield in Dublin, Cumbria, Yorkshire and the Hebrides maintained trading links and formed various military alliances with one another.

Of particular note with regard to my research regarding the Kellys of County Down, it is recorded that during the 17th century plantation a considerable number of Manx people also migrated to Ulster. A 1611 Survey of Belfast related that: "The town of Belfast is plotted out in a good forme, wherein are many famelyes of English, Scotch, and some Manksmen already inhabitinge."

It is my hypothesis therefore, that amongst the Kelly's of County Down, there may be descendants of Manx Kelly's who settled in Ulster in earlier centuries.

70 b) Kelly's From Cornwall & Devon:

An examination of the parish registers for the Counties of Cornwall and Devon, reveal a considerable number of Kelly's present in these counties from at least the end of the 16th century. As I mentioned at the start of this history, the name Kelly is an Anglicisation of the Irish Gaelic, 0'Ceaillaigh, meaning war or strife, although there may be other origins of the name.

Cornwall (Kernow), is inhabited by people of a Celtic ancestry, similar in origin to the Welsh and the Bretons of France. The ancient Cornish language has died out, but was similar to both Welsh and Breton, having a shared linguistic origin with Irish and Scots Gaelic. It is not surprising therefore, that the name Kelly is to be found in Cornwall.

In the county of Devon, there is a parish by the name of Kelly in the south west of the county, near the border with Cornwall. There is a record of a Martin de Kelly, resident in Devon in 1100 AD. It would appear therefore, that there are at least two reasons for the presence of the name Kelly in the Cornwall/Devon area. A brief examination of the parish records, revealed 68 Richard Kelly's present in Devon, the earliest entries being in the 1580's.

In Cornwall, there were a further 28 Richard Kelly's present, again the earliest entries being from the 1590's, Charles also appears many times in the parish registers.

But why should I mention these Kellys in relation to County Down, which is a considerable distance away? The reason is that during the plantation of Counties Antrim and Down in the early 1600's, there was a movement of people from Devon to Ulster.

Gillespie notes that most of the English settlers in Antrim and Down, appear to have been drawn from Devon, Cheshire and Lancashire. Devon, Gillespie states;

"Had a rapidly growing population in the late 16th century but the economy, like that of south-west Scotland, was mainly pastoral and hence did not require intensive labour."

Rents also rose as the increased population placed pressure on the limited resources of good land; thus Devon was a fruitful source of colonists, not only for Ireland but also for America, in the early 17th century. Gillespie, also notes the•attraction by east Ulster, of cheap land, woodlands and fishing's to potential migrants.

It is quite possible, that amongst the settlers from Devon to Ulster in the early 17th century, were some by the name of Kelly. A study of the parishes and other records of Devon might reveal additional information concerning the emigrants to Ulster.

71 c) Kelly's in America:

Whilst the basis for my history, was the emigration from County Down of my Irish ancestor, Charles Kelly, there were obviously many hundreds, possibly thousands of other Kelly's from County Down, who emigrated over the centuries to all parts of the globe.

During my research, I became interested in the migration and origin of the Kellys who are to be found in the early records of the United States.

As I mentioned in an earlier part of this work, the 18th century penal laws affected not only Irish Catholics, but also applied to those termed dissenters, i.e. Presbyterians and other religious bodies who were out with the Anglican communion.

Partly as a result of the social and more particularly the economic restrictions, which such discriminatory legislation placed upon them, many Presbyterians, including no doubt, a number of Kellys decided to leave Ireland. Allied to the above mentioned penal legislation, were a series of intermittent and devastating famines, outbreaks of disease and down turns in the economy of Ulster throughout the 18th century.

Just as important, as the above "push" factors in determining whether or not to emigrate were a number of "pull" factors. The promise of an abundance of cheap, fertile land in America, when coupled with an active advertising campaign by shipping line agents, who encouraged emigration, were important factors in the decision making process of many Ulster folk.

The helpful attitude of the American authorities and the religious freedom of places like Pennsylvania, where many of the emigrants settled, also had a bearing on the decision to leave Ireland.

The first recorded sailing of an emigrant ship from Ulster to America, was that of the "Friends Goodwill", which left Larne in April 1717 and arrived in Boston, Massachusetts in September.

As mentioned above various crises followed throughout the 18th century in Ulster, e.g. from 1725 to 1729, economic downturn in Ulster led to increased migration. This was followed by an outbreak of famine in 1740, which took approximately 400,000 lives in Ireland, again a wave of emigration followed with thousands leaving for America.

Bad harvests in 1754 and 1755 continued the process of emigration; this was stemmed by the outbreak of war with the French and Indians during this period, but only temporarily. From 1771 till 1775, emigration from Ulster was at its height, during this period some 25,000 to 30,000 entered the American colonies.

These Ulster emigrants were forced out of their homeland by depression in the linen industry and persecution on the tenant farms. Particularly hard, was the increase in rents, which the tenant farmers were unable to meet.

72 Overall, it has been estimated, that during the 1700's some 100,000 Ulster Scots emigrated to North America. These hardy, intrepid settlers became known as "Gods Frontiersmen". They formed a large and notable element of the early American population.

The Ulster American Folk Park, which is situated near Omagh, in County Tyrone gives a vivid portrayal of the conditions and experiences, which affected the Ulster migrants on both sides of the Atlantic during the 18th and 19th centuries. It also has an excellent research library covering all aspects of the emigration from Ulster to America.

In George Washington's Continental Army, which won American independence in the 1770's, some 35 per cent of his army are described as being Irish. On the lists of that army, there are more than 12,000 Irish names, 560 of them officers.

Charles Lucy in his book, "Harp and Sword", (1776), lists the numbers of some with familiar Irish surnames. The most common Irish name in the Revolutionary Army being that of Kelly, amounting to 695 soldiers, the next most common being Murphy with 4 84.

Michael Joseph O'Brien, an American Historiographer of the late 19tn early 20th century had a particular interest in the Irish in America and especially of their active role in the formation of the new Republic. O'Brien was a tireless researcher and his list of works includes the following: a) A Hidden Phase of American History, (ireiana's Part in America's Struggle for Liberty). b) The Irish At Bunker Hill. c) Irish Settlers in America. d) Pioneer Irish in New England.

In an appendix to his book, "A Hidden Phase of American History", O'Brien lists all the Kellys who served in Washington's Continental Army, he states that these were all either Irishmen or of Irish origin. Those Kellys who helped the United States attain its freedom from Britain in the War of Independence, would certainly have included Irishmen of all religious denominations, with possibly a number of them either born in, or having ancestors from County Down.

These would have included no doubt, a large number of Presbyterian Irish of Scots ancestry. However, it is my belief that O'Brien mistakenly assumed all those bearing the surname Kelly to have been of Irish origin. O'Brien records a William McKelly of the New York Militia. As with the name Kelly, the name McKelly is of both Irish and Scots origin, there is therefore a strong possibility that William McKelly was of Scottish not Irish birth.

In my section on Scots Kelly's, I gave one example of a group of 18th century Kelly emigrants from Wigtownshire to America, this would not have been an isolated case.

73 Similarly, in my mention of Devon, I quoted Gillespie as stating:

"Thus Devon was a fruitful source of colonists, not only for Ireland but also for America in the early 11th century."

There are also records of Manx people having emigrated to the New World in search of a better life.

In his book, "Pioneer Irish in New England", O'Brien lists "Irishmen' mentioned in New England records of the 17th and early 18th centuries. O'Briens list includes:

Kellys: (17th Century)

Andrew York County-, Me 1699 John I of Shoals , N.H. 1653 Charles York County , Me 1698 Joseph Newbury, Mass 1695 Christ'er Dorchester, Mass 1694 Michael Conanicut Ii3,R.I . 1667 Daniel Exeter, N.H. 1664 Peter Danvers, Mass 1671 David Boston, Mass 1666 Richard Newbury, Mass 1691 George Danvers, Mass 1658 Robert York County , Maine 1690 James New London, Conn 1652 Roger I of Shoals , N.H. 1653 John Exeter, N.H. 1648 Thomas Marblehead, Mass 1696 John Hartford, Conn 1655 William Boston, Mass 1637 John Newbury, Mass 1635 William I of Shoals , N.H. 1653

0'Kellys: (17th Century)

Benjamin Yarmouth, Mass 1692 John Yarmouth, Mass 1690 David Yarmouth, Mass 1655 (Bn Ire) Jonathan Yarmouth, Mass 1699 David Jnr Yarmouth, Mass 1692 Josiah Dorchester, Mass 1688 Henry Dorchester, Mass 1696 Peter Dorchester, Mass 1668 Jeremiah Yarmouth, Mass 1692

Kellys (18th Century)

Charles Hartford, Conn 1722 John Bradford, Mass 1715 Charles Kittery, Me 1712 Joseph Norwich, Conn 1715 Darby Kington, N.H. 1725 (Bn Ire) Joseph New London, Conn 1716 Faylam Boston, Mass 1725 (Bn Ire) Richard Newbury, Mass 1711 George Newport, R.I. 1719 Steven Kingston, N.H. 1725 George Boston, Mass 1708 Thomas Marblehead, Mass 1700 Henry Boston, Mass 1706 Timothy New London, Conn 1719 Hugh Salem, Mass 1725 William Hartford, Conn 1722 James Boston, Mass 1716 (Bn Ire) William Middleboro, Mass 1722

Whilst it is probable that most of the Kellys on O'Briens list, were of Irish birth or descent, I believe that fellow Celts of Scots, Manx and Cornish/Devonian origin may also be represented.

74 PART 2

In Part 1, I outlined the geo-historical background to my research into the Kellys of County Down, from whom I believe I may be descended.

In Part 2, I will continue by describing the more personal family history and genealogy of my own branch of the Kelly family.

I will where appropriate, describe the research strategy I followed, including my use of source material.

75 SECTION 1

Scottish Research a) Statutory Records (Page 77) b) Parish Registers (Page 79) c) Dailly Cemetery (Page 80)

76 Scottish Research:

The first step in family history research is to compile a family tree, beginning with oneself and one's own family. One then continues backward in time adding each generation in turn i.e., parents, grandparent's etc. It is always advisable to begin such research by consulting elderly relatives and locating any certificates, letters and photographs that they might have in their safekeeping.

Below is what is termed a drop line family tree showing the basic relationships in my own family for four generations, i.e. from my children to my grandparents.

Tree 1

Granaparents: Charles Kelly = Janet Murray Lyon 1881 1882

Parents: Charles Kelly = Margaret Brady 1921 1921

Myself S Wife Charles Kelly = Evelyn McLarty 1955 1954

Chiiaren: Mhairi Louise Ewan Charles 1983 1985 a) Statutory Records:

.1 began my research in May 1985, when I sent to New Register House, Edinburgh for a copy of my grandparents marriage certificate, i.e. Charles Kelly and Janet Murray Lyon. New Register House is the repository of Scotland's statutory records, i.e. all births, marriages and deaths that have occurred in the country from 1855 to present.

From my grandparents marriage certificate, dated 9th October 1903, I obtained the following information:

1) Both their full names. 2) Their marital status. 3) Their usual residences. 4) Their ages. 5) The names, surnames and professions of both fathers. 6) The names and maiden names of both mothers. 7) The names of witnesses. 8) When, where and how married.

Charles, a Joiner aged 22 lived at 14 Church Street, Ayr. His parents were recorded as William Kelly a Coal Miner and Mary Traynor. Janet aged 21 lived at 99 Main Street, Ayr, her parents were recorded as John Lyon (Cabinet Maker) and Sarah Fanco. Charles and Janet were married at 66 Green Street Lane, Ayr by William Rainie, Minister of Newton on Ayr Parish Church.

77 Following is a drop line family tree starting with my great grand parents, i.e. William Kelly and Mary Trayner and ending with my children i.e. Mhairi and Ewan Kelly.

Tree 2

Great Granaparents: William Kelly = Mary Traynor 1853 1861

Granaparents: Charles Kelly = Janet Murray Lyon 1881 1882

Parents: Charles Kelly = Margaret Brady 1921 1921

Myself & Wife: Charles Kelly = Evelyn McLarty 1955 1954 1 Chiiaren: Mhairi Louise Ewan Charles 1983 1985 /

From the above information, it was an easy matter to obtain a copy of my grandfather, i.e. Charles Kelly's birth certificate, this was dated 23rd April 1881 and registered in Dailly, south Ayrshire. This certificate recorded:

1) Name and surname of the child. 2) When and where born. 3) Sex. 4) Name, surname and rank or profession of father. 5) Name and maiden surname of mother. 6) Date and place of marriage. 7) Signature and qualification of informant and residence. 8) When and where registered.

My grandfather, Charles Kelly was born in the mining village of Kilgrammie, which was a few miles from Dailly in south Ayrshire. On Charles birth certificate his parent's, William and Mary's date and place of marriage is given as 2nd July 1879 in Stranraer, Wigtownshire.

The next step was to obtain a copy of William and Mary's marriage certificate. On their marriage certificate, Williams's age was recorded as 26, his occupation being that of Joiner and his place of residence given as Girvan. His parents were recorded as Charles Kelly a Coal Miner and Isabella (Johnston).

Mary aged 18 was a Domestic Servant; her usual residence was given as Portpatrick. Her parents were recorded as Patrick Trainer a Shepherd and Susan (Somers). The marriage took place in St. Joseph's Catholic Church in Stranraer and the witnesses were John Kelly, the younger brother of William and Grace Glinton who was Mary Trainer's aunt.

78 From William and Mary's marriage certificate it was possible to construct another drop line family tree. I have restricted the following tree to my own line of the Kelly family for simplification.

Tree 3

Great Great Granaparents: Charles Kelly = Isabella Johnston 1827 1824

Great Granaparents: William Kelly = Mary Traynor 1853 1861

Granaparents: Charles Kelly = Janet Murray Lyon 1881 1882

Parents: Charles Kelly = Margaret Brady 1921 1921

Myself & Wife: Charles Kelly = Evelyn McLarty 1955 1954

Chiiaren: Mhairi Louise Ewan Charles 1983 1985 b) Pari sh Regi s ter s:

When I worked out my great grandfather Williams year of birth as 1853, I knew I would have to look out with the statutory records to ascertain his date and place of birth. Starting from the basic premise that the family were Catholic and having a rough location, i.e. the Dailly area of Ayrshire, I decided to consult the Girvan Catholic baptismal register.

I discovered that there was a copy of most Scottish Roman Catholic Parish Registers located in the Scottish Record Office in Edinburgh. A visit to the Scottish Record office quickly produced results. Recorded in the Girvan Catholic parish register was the baptismal entry on December 9th 1855 for William, it was noted that he was born on February 2nd 1853.

I then proceeded to extract the baptismal entries pertaining to his six brothers and two sisters. In time order these entries recorded the baptisms of, Mary (1850), William (1853), John (1855), Richard (1858), Elisabeth (i860), Robert (1863), David (1865), Thomas (1868) and Alexander (1871) . These baptismal dates would prove useful at a later date, when I came to examine the statutory register of births.

I also discovered Charles and Isabella's eldest son Charles baptismal entry in St Margaret's Church in Ayr; this was dated May 7th 1848. It was recorded in St Margaret's register, as there was no Catholic Church in Girvan until some two years later, i.e. 1850. During this period Mr Thomson the Catholic priest in Ayr, used to cover much of South Ayrshire on horseback to minister to the Catholic population.

79 Having discovered that one of William's brothers, i.e. John was born in 1855, I decided to have a look at his birth certificate in New Register House. This was because I was aware that any birth registered in 1855, i.e. the first year of Scottish civil registration would contain the place of birth of the parents.

The entry stated that Charles Kelly was born in Newtownards, County Down, Ireland, it also stated that Isabella, Charles wife was born in Belfast.

The statutory records could provide me with one additional piece of valuable information, i.e. the names of Charles parents. This information is recorded on a Scottish death certificate. Assuming that Charles died between 1870 and 1900, I searched the indexes of deaths and found the desired entry in 1899. On Charles death certificate his parents were recorded as, Richard Kelly a farmer and Elizabeth Brannigan.

I could now extend my family tree back in time a further generation. Below is a further drop line family tree tracing this descent, from my children, Mhairi and Ewan back to my 3 x great grandparents Richard and Elisabeth.

Tree 4

Great- Great Great Granaparents: Richard Kelly = Elizabeth Brannigan c.1800 c.1800 (Co.Down) (Co. Down) Great Great Granaparents: Charles Kelly = Isabella Johnston 1827 1824 (Belfast) (Newtownards) Great Granaparents: William Kelly = Mary Traynor 1853 1861 (Portpatrick) (Girvan) Granaparents: Charles Kelly = Janet Murray Lyon 1881 1882 (Newton on Ayr) (Kilgrammie) Parents: Charles Kelly = Margaret Brady 1921 1921 (Ayr) (Ayr) Myself & Wife: Charles Kelly = Evelyn McLarty 1955 (Ayr) 1954 (Barr)

Chiiaren: Mhairi Louise Ewan Charles 1983(Aberdeen) 1985(Irvine;

c) Dailly Cemetery:

Having discovered Charles year of death as 1899 and the place as Kilgrammie near Dailly, I decided a trip to Dailly cemetery might prove worthwhile. This indeed proved to be the case as I discovered two Kelly family plots adjacent to one another.

I was immediately impressed by the large Celtic cross, which marked the burial place of Charles eldest son, Charles junior who died in 1889.

80 KELLY MEMORIAL (Dailly Cemetery)

Immediately across from the Celtic cross memorial was the burial place of Charles senior and his wife Isabella. Their headstone gave Charles senior's age at death as 72, this would give his year of birth as 1827. Next to Charles and Isabella's headstone was another for their son Thomas Kelly of Elderslie.

For a chart showing Charles and Isabella's children and grandchildren, see Appendix 5.

Having discovered that Charles was born in Newtownards, County Down my research turned to an examination of Irish genealogical records, from which I hoped to uncover more details about Charles's family in Ireland. In the following section I shall describe the results of my research.

81 SECTION 2

IRISH RESEARCH

a) Introduction (Page 83) b) P.R.O.N.I (Page 84) c) Primary Genealogical Sources /l) Griffiths Valuation (Page 86) 12) Tithe Applotment Books (Page 88) /3) Kellys of Iveagh (Page 89) /A) Parish Records (Roman Catholic) (Page 91) (Protestant) (Page 96) /5) Civil Records (Page 112) /6) Census Returns (Page 115) d) Secondary Genealogical Sources /l) Memorial Inscriptions (Page 119) 12) Town Directories (Page 124) /3) Wills & Testaments (Page 124) /4) Estate Records (Page 125) /5) Sciiool Records (Page 127) /6) I.G.I. (Page 128) e) Research Conclusions (Page 129)

82 Irish Research a) Introduction: Ireland is historically divided into four provinces, i.e. Ulster, Munster, Leinster and Connaught, these four provinces containing a total of 32 counties. Until the partition of the country in 1920, official government records related to all 32 counties. Genealogical sources pre-1920 pertaining to Ireland, e.g. civil, church, land and tax records, are held in Dublin in various repositories, e.g. the National Archives and the National Library.

IRISH SEA

A TLANTIC OCEAN

IRELAND (Including Northern Ireland)

The registration of civil events, i.e. births, deaths and marriages began in Ireland in 1864, with the exception of non-Catholic marriages which started in 1845. As my ancestor, Charles Kelly was born in County Down in 1827, there would not be a birth certificate for him, nor would there be a marriage certificate for his parents.

83 Although the civil records should not be neglected, in order to discover information about the Kelly family, other genealogical sources would have to be researched.

These genealogical records, e.g. Church Registers, census returns and similar non-government sources would have to be located and consulted. b) P.R.O.N.I The official repository of genealogical material covering the nine counties of the historic province of Ulster is the Public Record Office of Northern Ireland, i.e. PRONI. In PRONI, millions of documents are held covering the period from cl600.

These documents fall into three general categories: 1) Records of Government Departments which in many cases go back to the early 19tR century. 2) Records of courts of law, local authorities and other non-departmental public bodies. 3) Records deposited by private individuals, churches, businesses and institutions. Note: Those sources of a general U.K. nature, e.g. British Army, Royal/Merchant Navy ana Police recoras are locatea in the Public Recora Office at Kew in Lonaon.

My research involved a number of records covering north County Down, particularly the town and parish of Newtownards. I will split the records into primary and secondary sources. This is a rather arbitrary division but reflects the general attention paid by genealogists towards each kind. c) Primary Genealogical Sources: 1) Valuation Records i.e. Griffiths Valuation of Tenements, cl863. 2) Tithe Applotment Books, cl830. 3) Kelly's of Iveagh 4) Parish Registers, cl8th/19th century. 5) Civil Records, i.e. Births, Marriages ana Deaths, 1845 to aate. 6) Census Returns, (20th century) . d) Secondary Genealogical Sources: 1) Town Directories e.g., Piggots ana the Belfast & Ulster Post Office. 2) Memorial Inscriptions. 3) Wills. 4) Estate Records, i.e. the Lonaonaerry estate in Newtownaras. 5) National School Records, 19th century. 6) The International Genealogical Index. The above list is by no means comprehensive, for other sources, reference should be made to, "Tracing your Ancestors in Northern Ireland", by Ian Maxwell and "Tracing your Irish Ancestry", by John Grenham.

84 County Down (1846)

Samuel Lewis (Atlas of Irish Counties) I will now describe the primary and secondary genealogical sources I have consulted for evidence of Kellys. My research was concerned primarily with those Kellys resident in north Down, particularly the Newtownards area.

85 ci) Griffith's Valuation:

The 19™ century census returns have for the most part, not survived. The two main census substitute records are Griffith's Valuation of Land and Tenements from the early 1860's and the earlier Tithe Applotment Books from the 1820's/1830's.

Unlike a full census return, Griffith's Primary Valuation only records the occupiers and lessors of property in the Valuation Books. It is still however a useful source for the location of individuals, or families within a given parish.

In Griffith's Valuation for the parish of Newtownards, the following entries for Kellys were recorded.

TOWNLAND NAME IMMEDIATE HOLDING VALUATION LEASOR

Tullymagaray James Hugh House, 1.0.0 Kelly McConnell small garaen. / Newtonaras James Street James Samuel House 1.5.0 Kelly McCreight

Mill Street John Marquis of House, shea 4.0.0 Kelly Lonaonaerry yara ana small garaen.

Drumawky James Robert House 10.0 Kelly McKee

Drumkirk John Lora House, office 43.0.0 Kelly Dufferin + lana - 41 acres. Clareboy.

High Street Eliz Eleanor House 2.10.0 Kelly McKee

Little William William House,yara, 2.0.0 Francis St Kelly McFaaaen + small garaen.

Little Isabella William House, (in 1.0.0 Francis St Kelly McFaaaen rear).

Movilla St John William House, office 4.10.0 Kelly McElwain yara.

Charles St John Office over 10.0 Kelly gateway.

>0 Henry St Richard James House, yara 2.5.0 Kelly Brown

Ann Street Sarah Arthur House 15.C Kelly Black (in rear)

East Street James Marquis of House,Office 3.15.0 Kelly Lonaonaerry yara ana small gan.

Back William John House, yara 1.10.0 Shuttlefieia Kelly Jackson

South Street John Marquis of House, yara 6.0.0 Kelly Lonaonaerry garaen, 34 perches.

86 There are two separate Valuation lists in which Richard Kelly of Henry Street was recorded: 1) Dated 1861 ref: Val 2B/3/6D or 6C. 2) Dated 15th July 1863 ref: Val 2B/3/6D.

The presence of a Richard Kelly in Newtownards interested me, as this was the name of Charles Kelly's father. I therefore decided to examine the Annual Revision Lists for the Valuation of property.

Sometimes referred to as the "cancelled books", these annual revision lists note any changes to either the ownership or tenancy of property. The annual revision runs from 1864 through to the early 1930's. It is possible by examining the revision lists, to ascertain when an individual may have died or emigrated, this may be inferred by a change in tenancy or ownership.

For Richard Kelly, I discovered the following:

Val 12B/23/22A: 1864-1868 Page 305 Wallace St Richara James House ana 2.5.0 Kelly Brown small garaen

Checking through the revision book, I realised that Henry Street had been renamed Wallace Street .

I continued my search in the following documents: Val 12B/23/22C: 1869-1882 Page 223 Wallace St Richara William House ana 3.10.0 Kelly McBriae small garaen

Val 12B/23/22E: 1883-1894 Wallace St Richara William House ana 3.10.0 Kelly McBriae small garaen

Val 12B/23/25C: 1894-1909 Page 264 Wallace St John Reps of House ana 3.10.0 Kelly Robert small garaen Wallace.

The annual revision lists revealed that Richard Kelly who had lived in Newtownards for at least a period of 30 years was crossed out and replaced by John Kelly. Could the above Richard Kelly have been a relative of my ancestor Charles Kelly and who was John Kelly, possibly a son of Richard?

For further information regarding Richard and John Kelly of Newtownards see: c5 Civil Records (Deaths); c6 Census Returns and d2 Monumental Inscriptions.

For a complete list of Kellys recorded in Griffiths for all the parishes of County Down see Appendix 2.

87 c2) Tithe Applotment Books, (1827-1835) : The tithe was a tax payable for the benefit and upkeep of the Established i.e., Anglican Church of Ireland. This tax was payable by landholders of all denominations and was bitterly resented by Roman Catholic, Presbyterian and other dissenting Christians.

Following are the entries for parishes in North County Down, i.e. the Newtownards area.

PARISH TOWNLAND TENANT A. R. P. Knockbreaa Ballymaconaghy Wiaow Kelley 5 1 19 Donaghaaee Hogstown John Kelly 4 2 2 * Donaghaaee James Kelly 1 1 0 » Donaghaaee James Kelly 3 0 30 Kilmooa Drumhirk Davia Kelly 10 1 0 » Drumhirk Davia Kelly 6 1 0 Tullynakill Ballyarain Robert Kelly 15 c 39 * Ballymartin Samuel Kelly 11 0 8 * Ring Neil Samuel Kelly 33 0 20 » Ring Neil Robert Kelly 36 3 23 8 . Ring Neil William Kelly 1 5 y » Ring Neil Robert Kelly j 7 3 1 « Ring Neil Robert Kelly 15 1 19 n Tullynakill Davia Kelly 12 0 0 * Tullynakill John& Wm Kelly 17 1 8 » Tullynakill Robert Kelly 0 3 26 Comber Balygowan Samuel Kelly 14 0 0 Grey Abbey Ballybrian William Kelly 36 2 0 Inishargie Glastry John Kelly Glastry Patrick Kelly Killinchy Carrickniannon Eawara Kelly » Drumreagh Eawara Kelly » Ravara Eawara Kelly Saintfield lisowan Charles Kelly » Lisowan John Kelly « Ballymacramery Eawara Kelly Ballyhalbert No Entries Dunaonaia No Entries Bangor No Entries Newtownaras No Entries

Those parishes with no entries would have consisted mainly of church lands, which were not titheable. This does not mean that there were no Kellys resident in those parishes in the 1830's.

In the case of Newtownards, as the Estate Records reveal, there were quite a number of Kellys present as tenants of the Londonderry Estate during the period the Tithe Books were compiled.

The Tithe was not a comprehensive listing of heads of households as it often excluded cottiers and other poor inhabitants of the parish. The coverage of male heads of household has been estimated as varying between 20% and 80%, dependant on the parish. The Tithe Books are nonetheless a very useful census substitute for the early nineteenth century.

Perhaps Charles Kelly of Lisowan, Saintfield was related to my ancestor, Charles Kelly of Newtownards?

88 Although the Tithe records do not list a Richard Kelly, the entries are still useful as a means of plotting the geographical distribution of Kellys during the early nineteenth century for the Newtownards area, especially considering the absence of census material.

Whilst my immediate search for members of my own Kelly family, i.e. relatives of Charles, centres upon the parish of Newtownards, it is important as I have inferred above to bear in mind the wider spatial context of family history research.

A family historian should not become fixed upon parish or even county boundaries when conducting genealogical research. Whilst an individual may well have been born in a particular locality, it should not be assumed that his family originated there. In fact the opposite is frequently the case.

As in the case of Griffith's Valuation I have obtained a printout of Kellys recorded in the Tithe Applotment Books for the parishes of County Down, see Appendix 1. Although not providing direct genealogical data, this information does show the geographical location of "recorded" Kelly families on a civil parish basis.

Both the appendices for Griffiths and the Tithe books were obtained from Heritage World in Dungannon, which is an approved genealogical centre. I have annotated the information from the Griffiths and Tithe indexes in relation to the numerical occurrence of the surname Kelly, on a parish map of County Down, see the following page.

A brief examination of the numerical occurrence of the surname Kelly as recorded in both the Griffith's Valuation of the 1860's and the Tithe Books of the 1830's reveals that the name was to be found in virtually every parish in County Down.

C3) Kelly's of Iveagh:

On the following map it will be noted that there was a particular concentration of Kelly families in the parishes of Drumgooland, Kilmegan, Kilcoo and Clonduff. Of the total number of Kelly entries in Griffiths, i.e. 321 some 86 occurred in the above four parishes. Interestingly these parishes all lie within the Barony of Upper Iveagh, in the south of County Down. There is also a townland by the name of Tirkelly, i.e. "Kelly's Land" in the parish of Drumballyroney in this barony.

The parish of Seapatrick contains the townlands of Ballykelly {Baile Mhic Ceallaigh), i.e. McKelly's townland and Drumnagally (Dromainn 0 gCeallaigh) , i.e. "0'Kellys' ridge". Tullylish parish in the barony of Lower Iveagh and Newry parish in the barony of Newry also contained fair numbers of Kelly households. In the parish of Newry there is a townland called Carnacally (Carnakelly?), i.e. "the cairn of the Kellys".

For other information on the Kelly's of south Down, see page 41.

89 County Down

Map of the Parishes of County Down showing numerical occurrence of the name Kelly in both 9 the Tithe Records (Green) 'Holywoq Bangor and Griffiths (Red).

'undo [ Jonaghatye (\tqld Newtownards .4 9

Knock hreda,

5 I Comber Drumbo .1 Shankif, Moira Blaris 1 Dnimbs UI- \akill\ Si 4 i4 9

\Hillsboro A • 3 \Killinchy Saintfield I—.6 3>- Jonagh innahill -cfan$ . . . Dromore 1 3 , Tullylish -fO^ L 11 6 1 15 KilMeagh 10 I } ' ^frfagherl faghera \ Kilmore Dromara Srdrool \ 6 9 Seapatrick 5 18 'Garvaghy Inch >4 7 .3/ (Saw/ 2. Ball Aghaderg culte^ 1 4 5 Annaclone ^oughinisland/ 1 2, 23 6 2 3 / flwn Drumgooland ~\J(Ballee j l - / ^prumballyroney 16 6 1 ^. ** L•Qunsfof t 3 Kilmegan rf \ e ^\Sright(6 dglass ^"^ Newry 30 17 29 KUCOOy. Parishes not named above: Clonduff XT 18 a-) Castleboy Clonallan/ 17 13 **) Slanes c) Ballytrustan J) Ballykinler Kilbroney e) Tyrella Warren- J< 8 0 Rathmullan point Kilkeel 4 (

90 As I detailed earlier, I believe my own branch of the Kelly family's ancestral homeland may have lay in the area of Drumbo, Comber and Tullynakill parishes of north County Down.

It is possible that the Kellys resident in Upper Iveagh Barony may have migrated from Clandeboy or indeed from County Louth to the south. It is also possible that they are descended from a different sept altogether

In north Down, the parishes of Newtownards and Bangor stand out in Griffiths as having a relatively large presence of Kelly households. Any analysis of the spatial occurrence of Kelly's in County Down parishes, based on Griffith's Valuation must take account of such factors as the level of urbanisation within any given parish and especially the percentage of heads of households recorded.

In, e.g. both Newry and Newtownards the high numbers of Kellys recorded may be accounted for by the employment opportunities, which those towns afforded.

The majority of the Kelly families in County Down recorded in Griffith's Valuation and the Tithe Books would most likely have been of native Irish ancestry and probably Roman Catholics. Confirmation of this would of course require a detailed analysis of the various churches parish registers.

I would suggest as a hypothesis, that many of the Kellys recorded in the north eastern part of County Down, i.e. in the parishes of Comber, Bangor, Newtownards, Donaghadee and Grey Abbey may have been either Presbyterians, or members of other non Catholic denominations, see Protestant Parish Registers pp 97-111).

A good number of the Kellys would have been descendants of native Irish Catholics who converted from Catholicism to Protestantism. However as I discussed in Part 1, Section 3, a number of these Kelly families may well be the descendants of Scots Kelly's from Galloway who migrated to County Down at the time of and subsequent to the Montgomery plantation in the early 17th century.

A comparative study of surviving parish registers and the Tithe Books in relation to Kelly families could prove useful for a historical perspective of, e.g. religious affiliation by geographical location or size of land holding.

C4) Parish Registers: (l) Roman Catholic The registers for Newtownards Roman Catholic Church, i.e. St. Patricks do not begin until 1855, a microfilm copy of the baptismal register is held by PRONI in Belfast. The original baptismal and marriage registers are in the care of the parish priest of St Patrick's Church Newtownards.

I obtained the following records of Kelly baptisms and marriages from a microfile copy in PRONI and from the parish priest of St. Patricks.

91 St Patrick's Newtownards:

Baptisms Date Surname First Name Father Mother or Sponsor Town 13-07--1856 Kelly John John Bridget Kennedy 12-10--1856 Kelly Alexander James Eliz' Brannigan 24-06--1863 Kelly Sarah James Mary McDonnell 14-08--1864 McDonald Eliza Aeneas Mary Kelly N'ards 09-10--1864 Kelly Sarah James Rose Kelly D'adee sponsor-• Elizabeth Kelly 21-12--1864 Kelly Sarah Jane Samuel Marianne Kelly 14-05--1865 Coyle Isabella James Eliz' Kelly N'ards 11-06--1865 Kelly Susannah John Ellen Leary 02-04--1866 McDonald Richard Aeneas Mary Kelly 15-07--1866 Coyle Martha James Elizabeth Kelly 25-05--1866 McCourt Patrick Thomas Margaret Kelly N'ards 22-12--1867 Driscoll Cecelia Edward Catherine Kelly 27-01--1868 Coyle Francis James Elizabeth Kelly 28-04--1868 Williams Ann James William Jane Kelly 28-04--1868 Williams Margaret William Jane Kelly 04-12--1868 McDonald Susan Aeneas Mary Kelly 29-05--1870 Williams Richard William Jane Kelly 29-05--1870 Williams James William Jane Kelly 06-11--1870 McDonald Mary Aeneas Mary Kelly y 06-01--1871 Jesse Sallena sponsor- Sarah Kelly 1871 McCourt Ellen Thomas Margaret Kelly 17-09--1871 Nestor Annie Maria sponsor- Henry Kelly 14-08--1871 Martin Anna John Bridget Kelly 12-12--1871 Burns Eliza Ann sponsor- William Kelly 03-03--1872 Duffy Bridget Ann Michael Catherine Kelly m * sponsor- Wm S Mary Kelly 30-04--1872 McMeckan Margaret Charles Mary Kelly * « sponsor- Elizabeth Kelly 07-06--1872 McCourt William J Thomas Margaret Kelly 19-06--1873 Toner Mary sponsor- Margaret Kelly Comber 22-07--1873 McCullough Patrick Patrick Hannah Kelly 15-07--1873 A William Kelly was a sponsor in Donaghadee 08-09--1873 McDonnell Charles Aeneas Mary Kelly 16-08--1876 Kelly Patrick Bd Patrick Margaret McCrory Bangor * * sponsor John Kelly 08-02--1877 Walsh James J sponsor Thomas Kelly 16-04--1877 Connor Jane sponsor Ann Kelly 30-06--1878 Jesse Mary sponsor Sarah Kelly 03-09--1878 Kelly John John Mary Kelly N'ards * * sponsor Eliza Kelly 20-04--1879 Dorrian Sarah Jane Adam Elizabeth Kelly 02-08--1885 Kelly Elizabeth Thomas Catherine Smyth 29-06--1885 Kelly James Alex' Ann Smythe N'ards 16-10--1887 Kelly Catherine Thomas Catherine Smith 17-06--1889 Kelly Daniel Thomas Catherine Smith 24-02--1891 Kelly Thomas Thomas Catherine Smith 12-02--1893 Kelly Ellen Thomas Catherine Smith 24-03--1895 Kelly Mary Thomas Catherine Smith 12-07--1897 Kelly William Thomas Catherine Smith 29-10--1899 Kelly Mary Thomas Catherine Smith 07-08--1395 Kelly John Alex' Mary Anne Rice N'ards 27-12--1897 Kelly Laurence Alex' Mary Anne Rice 28-10--1899 Kelly Mary John Margaret O'Neill

Note: I have recorded Kelly's who acted as sponsors.

Of particular interest is the entry pertaining to Alexander Kelly born in 1856 to James Kelly and Elizabeth Brannigan. My ancestor, Charles Kelly's mother was also called Elizabeth Brannigan, could this be more than a coincidence?

Alexander was a name given to Charles Kelly's youngest son born in Ayrshire in 1871; there may have been a connection between Charles and James Kelly.

92 Also of interest in the parish register are the children of Aeneas (Angus) McDonald and Mary Kelly of Newtownards.

Aeneas McDonald = Mary Kelly (McDonnell)

Eliza Richard Susan Mary Charles 1864 1866 1868 1870 1873

The names of Mary's children, i.e. Elizabeth, Richard, Mary and Charles are common to that of Charles Kelly's family. This leads me to believe that Mary Kelly may well have been a sister of Charles.

The family of Richard McDonald, i.e. the son of Aeneas and Mary were recorded in the 1901 census of Newtownards.

Mill Street NAME RELATIONSHIP RELIGION AGE OCCUPATION BIRTHPLACE Jane Murray Head Roman Catholic 38 Winder Co. Down Maggie McDonald Sister Roman Catholic 35 Knitter Co. Down Lizzie Murray Sister Roman Catholic 28 Reeler Co. Down Charles McDonald Nephew Roman Catholic 6 Scholar Co. Down John McDonald Nephew Roman Catholic 3 Co. Down Richard McDonald Nephew Roman Catholic 1 Co. Down

On the birth certificate of Richard Kelly born in 1900, his father also Richard is recorded as being a soldier serving in South Africa, this explains his absence when the above census was taken. Following Richard's return from the Boer War, two other children were born, Mary Jane in 1904 and James in 1906.

Interestingly, the sponsor (Godparent) at James's baptism was a Lizzie Kelly. In the census returns of 1901 and 1911 there was an Elizabeth (Lizzie) Kelly resident in Newtownards, see pages 116-118.

The Newtownards Catholic baptismal register also records a Sarah Kelly born in 1863, her parents being James Kelly and Mary McDonnell. Mary McDonnell may have been a sister of Aeneas whilst James may have been a brother of Mary and Charles Kelly?

Also of interest in the Catholic baptismal register are Elizabeth Kelly, the wife of James Coyle; Jane Kelly, the wife of William Williams, one of their sons being named Richard; Margaret Kelly married to Thomas McCourt of Comber; John Kelly married to Bridget Kennedy and John Kelly of Bangor married to Ellen Leary.

Whilst further proof is necessary, it is possible that one or more of the above Kellys may have been related to Charles Kelly, e.g. one of the John's may have been a brother or Elizabeth may have been a sister?

93 Father Whyte, the parish priest of St Patricks also provided me with the following marriage entries from the church register.

Date Groom Bride Location 25-10-1880 James Kelly Jane Louden Newtownards 25-07-1885 Thomas Kelly Catherine Smyth Newtownards 14-08-1894 Alexander Kelly Mary A Rice Bangor 18-01-1899 John Kelly Mary O'Neill Newtownards I obtained copies of the marriage certificates from the General Register Office in Dublin to see what additional information was recorded.

Date Name & Surname Age & Rank Residence Fathers Name & Occ 25-10-1880 James Kelly 25 Cardriver Belfast Francis Kelly (Baker) Jane Louden 2 0 Servant Bangor George Louden (Driver)

25-07-1885 Thomas Kelly 21 Blacksmith N'Ards Patrick ?? (Lab'r'er) Cath' Smyth 20 - N'Ards Wm Smyth (Stonecutter)

14-08-1894 Alex' Kelly Full Labourer N'Ards James Kelly dcd (Lab') Mary A Rice Full Machinist N'Ards Robert Rice (Carman) y 18-01-1899 John Kelly Full Signalman N'Ards James Kelly (Lab'rer) Margt O'Neill Full Servant N'Ards John O'Neill (Lab'rer) I will discuss civil records, their location and availability later on in the text. On page 88, the Tithe Applotment Book for the parish of Saintfield record a Charles Kelly living in the townland of Lisowan. As Charles is a family name I thought that it might be worth consulting the Catholic parish register for Saintfield.

Carrickmannon & Saintfield R.C. Church:

Baptisms: (1837- ) Date Surname First Name Father Mother or Sponsor Townland -03-1838 sponsor- Neal Kelly 10-02-1839 Kelly Jane William Mary Smythe L'g_owan 21-06-1839 McAlister Mary sponsor- Eliza Kelly 05-08-1839 Kelly Isabella William Mary McKeagin 05-03-1840 Kelly Hugh William ? MacNamara Lisdaly 08-03-1840 Farrally Hugh sponsor- John Kelly 05-09-1840 Matthews John 7 ? Kelly Leggowan m * sponsor- John Kelly 13-09-1840 Maginn Hugh sponsor- Neal Kelly 22-07-1840 Hyland John sponsor- William Kelly 28-11-1840 Kelly Eleanor John Catherine Rice « * sponsor- Rose Kelly 06-03-1841 Kelly Dan William Eleanor McNamara 26-02-1841 Kelly Dan John Catherine Rice Raffry 14-06-1841 Mclvernock Wm sponsor- William Kelly 02-04-1842 McCorry John sponsor- William Kelly 05-01-1844 Ross Charlotte sponsor- Mary Jane Kelly 15-08-1843 Kelly Rose William Mary Smythe Leggowan 05-09-1843 Vernon Arthur sponsor- John Kelly 07-10-1843 McNamara John sponsor- Eleanor Kelly 12-05-1844 Murphy Ann E. sponsor- Mary Kelly 20-01-1844 Killen Margaret sponsor- William Kelly 20-12-1854 McCartan William sponsor- William Kelly 25-09-1850? Reilly James sponsor- Hugh Kelly 16-04-1854 Hanna John sponsor- Catherine Kelly 18-02-1855 Kelly John Patrick Mary Kelly

Marriages: 18-10-1846 John Morrow to Eliza Kelly, Witness Catherine Kelly

94 The Catholic Parish of Carrickmannan & Saintfield covered a large area of North County Down and lay directly south of the Catholic Parish of Newtownards. There was no record of a Charles Kelly in the Catholic register for the Parish of Saintfield during the late 1830, early 1840 period, i.e. the same time period as the Tithe Applotment records. During my research I also consulted three Catholic Parish Registers covering the Ards Peninsula all lying to the east of Newtownards. These registers which are copies of the originals are very patchy in their coverage.

Ardkeen & Inishargy (Kircubbin) R.C. Church:

Baptisms: (1828-38 & 1852-80) 01-08-1862 Susan Smythe to Hugh Smythe and Sara Kelly.

Marriages: 06-12-1830 John Kelly to Sarah Whyte of Greyabbey; Witnesses, Wm McKettian and Wm McKeating. ??-05-1835 David McGrattan to Jane Kelly (of Beranmine?); Witnesses, M McMaster and William Quail.

Ballygalget R.C Church:

Baptisms: (1828-35 4 1852-53) 13-03-1829 Mary Jane Kelly daughter of ? 06-12-1830 John Kelly son to John Kelly and Sarah White of Greyabbey. Checked till 1852

Ballyphilip & Portaferry R.C Church: (1843- )

I searched this register from 1843 till 1847 but found no Kelly baptisms recorded. I did find a Charles Kelly noted as a sponsor at the baptism of an Eliza Murray of Carrstown? on 21s" July 1843. Finally I had a brief look at the Catholic parish register for Ballymacarett in east Belfast.

Ballymacarett: (1841- )

Baptisms: 10-01-1842 Richard son to James Kelly and Mary Reilly. 02-06-1842 Mary daughter to John Kelly and Isabella Lawn? 22-01-1843 Rebecca daughter to John Kelly and Rebecca Mc? 01-07-1843 John son to Mark Kelly and Rose Fore, sponsor Rosanna Kelly.

As my ancestor Charles's children were all baptised in the Catholic Church, it is reasonable to assume that he and his parents in turn were Catholic and therefore that he was of native Irish ancestry.

Having said this, in the course of my research I also extracted baptismal and marriage records recording Kellys from a number of Protestant parish registers for north County Down, particularly for the Newtownards district.

95 (2) Protestant Registers

I consulted the Protestant registers for two reasons:

1) For evidence of my own Kelly ancestors as "mixed marriages" did occur and therefore some of my own family may be recorded in the Protestant records.

2) The registers could provide evidence of the location of Kelly families as part of my wider study into the Kelly's of North County Down.

As the Tithe Applotment Books revealed and as my later discussions into secondary genealogical sources, e.g. Memorial Inscriptions and Estate Records will show, there have been Kelly's resident, in the Newtownards area for several centuries.

As will also become evident from my discussion of other records, e.g. the Census Returns and the School Registers, many if not most of the Kelly's resident in the Newtownards area were not in fact/ Catholic but were members of various Protestant churches.

The Church of Ireland registers have not survived, being destroyed in Dublin in the civil war of 1922. Fortunately, the Presbyterian Registers were held locally and have survived.

Listed below, are the earliest surviving parish registers for the Presbyterian churches of Newtownards.

Regent Street Presbyterian Church: Baptisms 1835 Marriages 1836 1st Presbyterian Church Newtownards: Baptisms 1833 Marriages 1845 2nd Presbyterian Church Newtownards: Baptisms 1834 Marriages 1845 4th Presbyterian Church Newtownards: Baptisms 1854 Marriages 1854 Ballyblack Presbyterian Church: Baptisms 1855 Marriages 1827 N.S.P. Church of Newtownards: Baptisms 1827 Marriages 1827

With the exception of the 1st Presbyterian Churches baptismal records and the 4th Presbyterian Churches register, both of which are held in local custody, copies of the Newtownards registers are available in PRONI.

On the following pages I will list the entries recording Kellys, which I have extracted from the Presbyterian Registers for Newtownards.

96 PARISH OF NEWTOWNARDS

Newtownards 1st Presbyterian Church: (PRONI REF:MIC.IP/390)

Marriages: Date Name & Surname Age 5 Rank Residence Fathers Name & Qcc 11-10-1838 William Kelly Newtownards to Margaret Beaman 20-12-1845 Edward Frances Full Weaver Shuttlef'd Edward Franci s Weaver to Jane Kelly Full John Street James Kelly Weaver 19-01-1849 John Kelly Full Servant Drumawhey John Kelly S'Master to MaryAnn Sloan Full Crossnamuck Alex'r Sloan Farmer 15-04-1849 James Patten Full Weaver James Patten Soldier to Sarah Kelly Full Newtownards Patrick Kelly Labourer 20-11-1849 James Keenan Full Farmer Robert Keenan Carman to Jane Kelly? Full William St Frances Kelly Farmer 11-09-1850 James McGowan Full Agent Robert McGowa n Farmer to Eileen Kelly Full Newtownards James Kelly Weaver 09-11-1850 James Kelly Full Weaver Shuttle St James Kelly Weaver to Matilda McCormick Wm McCormick Farmer 31-05-1852 John Kelly 20 Weaver Newtownards H George Kell Labourer to Flora Bittle 18 Newtownards Alex'r Bittle Weaver 21-12-1853 Richard Kelly Full Weaver Newtownards George Kelly Labourer to Agnes Carlton Full Sewer Newtownards Wm Carlton Labourer 14-04-1855 Will'm McCormick Full Labourer John McCormic Labourer to Mary Jane Kelly Ful 1 Ballyalton William Kelly Stonemason 02-04-1864 James Hamilton Full Weaver Wm Hamilton Labourer to Sarah Kelly Full Ballyfrenis John Kelly Labourer 02-10-1883 Arthur Gray Full Farmer Arthur Gray to Mary Kelly Full Newtownards William Kelly

Baptisms: [Local Custody) Date Child's Name Father's Name Mother's Name Residence 27-10-1833 Henry (born 02--10--1833) Francis Kelly Mary Orr N'ards 15-01-1835 Ann Maria (born 15--01--1835) William Kelly Mary Smylie N'ards 01-08-1839 John (born 10--07--1839) William Kelly Margaret Skillen N'ards 15-09-1841 Thomas (born 24--08--1841) James Kelly Margaret Campble N'ards 19-09-1841 Sarah (born 08--09--1841) William Agnew Jane Kelly N'ards 29-06-1842 James (born 19--05--1842) Thomas Kelly Sarah Campbell N'ards 29-10-1844 Shusana (born 09--10--1844) John Kelly Mary Gilfillen N'ards 10-11-1845 Jane (born 04--06--1845) Thomas Kelly Sarah Campbell N'ards 12-07-1846 John (born 04--06--1846) William Kelly Ann Montgomery N'ards 21-12-1848 Jane (born 16--11--1848) William Kelly Ann Montgomery N'ards 10-03-1850 Nancy McC (born 26--01--1850) James Kelly Mary Ann Sloan C:rosslymuc k 31-08-1851 William (born 24--07--1851) William Kelly Ann Montgomery N'ards 31-08-1851 Robert (born 24--07--1851) William Kelly Ann Montgomery N'ards 07-08-1853 Eliza Jane(born 03--06--1853) James Kelly Mary Ann Sloan Ballyblack 26-06-1854 Mary (born 29--05--1854) William Kelly Ann Montgomery N'ards 01-08-1858 Mary (born 29--06--1858) William Kelly Ann Montgomery N'ards 04-09-1860 Archibald (born 26--06--1860) William Kelly Ann Montgomery N'ards 25-07-1864 Agnes (born 20--06--1864) William Kelly Ann Montgomery N'ards

I extracted the above entries from the baptismal register with the permission of the Minister, Mr Johnston whilst visiting Newtownards in June 1998.

97 Newtownards 2nd Presbyterian Church: (PRONI REF: MIC.IP/333)

Marriages: 02-11-1841 Henry Shaw to Mary Kelly, both of Newtownards. 13-09-1842 William Kelly to Agnes Gilmore, both of Newtownards. 29-10-1851 Hugh son of John Kelly of Ballyfrenis to Mary, daughter of James Linn of Ballymoney. 17-04-1882 Richard Kelly of Leperstown, County Louth to Mary Warden of Ballycastle. 02-08-1886 James Brown of Ironshaw, Comber to Christine Kelly of Comber. 13-09-1886 James Beck of Drimawhay to Mary Ann Kelly of Killynether, Newtownards. 09-12-1895 Samuel Carson Kelly of Newtownards to Maggie Jane Morrison of West Meath. 04-08-1902 John Rodgers of Gronbrook Ave, Belfast to Matilda Kelly of Victoria Ave, Newtownards. 08-09-1910 Hugh Moore of Glasgow to Jane Kelly of Court Street, Newtownards.

Baptisms: No Kellys recorded. y

Ballyblack Presbyterian Church: (PRONI REF:MIC/IP/318)

Marriages: 27-04-1839 Alexander Miller to Susan Kelly of Drumawhey.

Baptisms:18 21-1850? Date Child's Name Father's Name Mother's Name Residence 03-10-1829 ? John Kelly Mary McKeag Ballyfrenis 04-09-1831 Hugh John Kelly Mary McKeag Ballyfrenis 20-10-1833 William John Kelly Mary McKeag Ballyfrenis 07-06-1840 Sarah Jane James Kelly Agnes Emerson Crossnamuckley 1844 Margaret Jane Alexander Miller Susan Kelly Crossnamuckley 07-01-1846 Edward Alexander Miller Susan Kelly Ballyblack 22-06-1847 James Orr Rosanna Kelly Drumawhey 1848 Sarah Rankin Alexander Miller Susan Kelly 27-11-1847 Robert Samuel Kelly -> Ballycastle 21-11-1850 Susanna Alexander Miller Susan Kelly

Subscribers List: 1823-1826 Anne Kelly (Widow of Edward Kelly) of Drumawhey

Newtownards 4 Presbyterian Church: (PRONI REF:MIC.IP/318)

The 4C" Presbyterian Church of Newtownards register, is held by the Minister of the l3" Presbyterian Church. The first baptism recorded was in December 1854 and the last in 1906. I checked for Kellys from 1854 till 1881 but found no Kellys recorded.

98 Regent Street Presbyterian Church: (PRONI REF:T.28H)

May 1836 to 1842 revealed the following:

Marriages: 2na Nov 1838 John, son of James Kelly and Jane Gaw, his wife, of Newtownards to Margaret, daughter of James Gilfillen and Ann Corry, his wife, of Newtownards. 215C Apr 1840 David, son of Will(?) Magowan and Frances Hanna, his wife, of Trooparkfield (?) near Comber to Mary Jane, daughter of Geo. Henry Kelly and Mary Alerdice, his wife, of Newtownards. Witnesses ...Richard Kelly

Baptisms: 30th Sep 1839 James, born 6th September 1839, son of John Kelly and Margaret Gilfillan, his wife, of West Street, Newtownards. 313t May 1841 William, son of John Kelly and Margaret Gilfillan, his wife, West Street, Newtownards.

Non-Subscribing Presbyterian Church Newtownards: (PRONI REF: C.R.4/7)

Marriages: 24th Jan 1833 Hugh Hannah to Agnes Kelly. 16th Jun 1834 Adam Gabby to Eliza Kelly, Witness Jean Kelly. 16th Jan 1841 William Kelly to Anne Montgomery, Witness Grace Kelly. 15th Jan 1842 Mary Kelly to John Carson. 23rd Oct 1858 John Kelly, Stonemason of Ballyatton, Father William Kelly, Stonemason to Elisabeth Ferguson (Widower).

Baptisms : 1830-1865 Date Child's Name Father s Name Mother's name Residence 01-01-1837 Mary Jane (born 25--12-1836) Robert Kelly Nancy Kelly Ballyrea. 08-12-1838 Eleanor (born 01 -12-1838) Robert Kelly Nancy Kelly 25-05-1841 Mary Jane (born 24--05-1841) Robert Kelly Nancy Kelly 22-07-1841 Eliza Ann (born 07--07-1841) M? Kelly Ann Kelly New Rd. 03-03-1843 Nancy (born 26 -02-1843) Robert Kelly Nancy Kelly 24-04-1844 George (born 01--04-1844) Wiliam Kelly Agnes Kelly Loughriescouse 31-08-1845 Elisabeth (born 24--08-1845) Robert Kelly Agnes Kelly Ballywatticock 11-01-1859 Margaret (born 23--11-1858) John Kelly Eliz' Kelly Ballynaghahow 15-01-1860 Edward (born 08--01-1860) John Kelly Eliza Kelly Newtownards ??-02-1861 ? (born 05--02-1861) John Kelly Eliza Kelly N'ards 13-03-1865 Mary Elis' (born 04--12-1864) John Kelly Elis' Kelly South Street

Marriage in Newtownards: 18-04-1846 William Kelly to Eliza Bell (Noted in I.G.I.)

Although the parish of Newtownards was of particular interest to me, I also examined the registers of churches in the surrounding parishes for evidence of Kellys. I concentrated on the parishes of Bangor, Comber, Donaghadee and Grey Abbey all of which lie within a few miles of Newtownards.

The entries on the following pages are not a comprehensive listing of Kelly entries in the church registers of north Down. They do however reveal the widespread occurrence of the surname in the north Down area.

99 PARISH OF BANGOR

1ST Presbyterian Church Bangor: (index in PRONI)

Marriages: (1808 till 1845) Date Groom Bride Residence Page No. 01-09-1811 Francis Kelly Jane Hamilton Ballygroll 08 28-11-1811 John Kelly Ellen Johnson Bailie? Upper 08 13-02-1812 Matthew McClenaghan Agnes Kelly Ballynafee OS 01-09-1815 John McStay? Ellen Kelly Ballyhorne 19 02-12-1815 Thomas Halliday Jane Kelly Bangor 20 27-12-1816 Francis Kelly Anne McWilliam Ballygroll? 22 06-12-1822 Robert Kelly 7 Bangor 41 16-05-1824 Robert Buchanan Agness Kelly Bangor 45 14-08-1824 Edward Kelly Levia? Adair Carrickmannan 46 23-10-1824 James Barnes? Susan Kelly Bangor . 47 06-11-1826 Alexander Kelly Eliza Wilson Bangor 55 04-10-1828 William McMurray Mary Kelly Bangor 61 15-03-1832 Archibald Kelly Anne Russell Ballygrew 74 27-01-1834 William Larbody Jane Kelly Ballyrue 82 12-08-1835 John Kelly Sophia Fowler Bangor 90 04-04-1836 Hugh Kelly Jane Richardson Demesne 93 y 02-05-1836 Patrick Kelly (Morrow) Cath' Matthews Ballymullan? 94 11-01-1840 Henry Duffy Jane Kelly Bangor 108 17-04-1840 Hugh Loney Mary Kelly Bangor 109 19-12-1840 Hugh McKie Eliza Kelly Rimsy? 112 23-03-1841 William Kelly Marg't Jameson Craigantlet 113 15-04-1841 John Kelly Mary ? (Widow) Bangor 113 30-09-1841 Archibald Kelly Rosanne Stuart Bryansburn? 114 25-11-1841 James Kelly Agnes Gibson Primacy? 115 Eliza Dill 16-05-1843 Robert Kelly Lisbane 120 Ellen Kelly 29-07-1843 George Leebody Bangor 120 Sarah Kelly 05-03-1844 William Anderson Bangor 122

nd 2 Presbyterian Church Bangor: (PRONI REF: MIC/IP/256)

Marriages: (1829-1844) Date Groom Residence Bride Residence 23-09-1830 John Kelly Ballycaughan? Sarah Russell Ballymagee 11-12-1833 Wilson Barr Ballymaconnell Ann Kelly Beraghan? 25-06-1836 Edward Gregg Ballyleady Ellenor Kelly Whitespots

Baptisms: (1829-1984) Date Child's Name Father's Name Mother's Name Residence 19-05-1835 Margaret (born 131' May) John Kelly Sarah Russell Ballvree? 25-10-1841 John (born 9C Oct) John Kelly Eliz' Mitchell Lisban 26-12-1843 Elizabeth(born 14^ Dec) John Kelly Eliz' Mitchell Lisban 07-01-1845 Anne (born 24c Nov) James Kelly Osley Irwin Ballymagee

Checked till 1890

Ballygilbert Presbyterian Church: (PRONI REF: MIC/IP/392 & T2653)

Marriages: (1843-1871) 195h July 1859 Edward Kelly a weaver of Drumhirk, of full age, a bachelor, the son of Francis Kelly a weaver; to Sarah McMahon of Conlig, of full age, a spinster, the daughter of David McMahon a labourer. Witnesses: Henry Kelly and Mary Dill.

20th June 1867 James Kelly a farmer of Bangor, of full age, a bachelor, the son of William Kelly a farmer; to Margaret Montgomery of Ballymullan, of full age, a spinster, the daughter of John Montgomery a farmer.

100 Witnesses: John Montgomery and Ellen Robertson. Ballygilbert Presbyterian Church: (continued)

Baptisms: [1841-1870) Date Child's Name Father's Name Mother's Name Residence 21-04-1844 Barbara (born 10"' Feb) Archibald Kelly Ann Stuart Bally rg? 25-06-1868 Eliz' S.(born 20th Apr) James Kelly Marg't Montgomery ?

Ballygrainey Presbyterian Church: (PRONI REF:MIC/IP/407A)

Marriages: (1838-1864) 30th Novr 1844 James Orr of Ballyhay to Rose Kelly of Drumawhey. Witnesses: James Orr (Snr) and William John Orr of Ballyhay.

29t:l May 1846 John Lightbody a labourer of Cottown, of full age, a bachelor, the son of John Lightbody a coachman; to Anna Kelly of Ballymagee, of full age, a spinster, the daughter of James Kelly a farmer. Witnesses: John Alexander and Nairn Lamont.

27th April 1849 John Miskelly a servant of Conlig, of full age, a bachelor, the son of Thomas Miskelly a blacksmith; to Jane Brown of Ballymagee, of full age, a spinster, the daughter of John Brown a weaver. Witnesses: Samuel Reid and Samuel Clifford.

05c Janr 1850 Samuel Lightbody a farmer of Balloo, of full age, a bachelor, the son of Robert Lightbody a labourer; to Agnes Kelly of Ballymagee, of full age, a spinster, the daughter of James Kelly a farmer. Witnesses: Andrew McLean and Catherine McLean.

SO" Janr 1857 John Watt a farmer of Craigbeg, of full age, a bachelor, the son of Hamilton Watt a pensioner and farmer; to Margaret Kelly of Ballycroghan, of full age, a spinster, the daughter of John Kelly a farmer. Witnesses: Samuel Laurison and Patrick Adair.

12c Aug 1859 Henry Kelly a weaver of Drumhirk, of full age, a bachelor, the son of Frances Kelly a weaver; to Isabella Orr Cunnock of Drumhirk, of full age, a spinster, the daughter of Adam Cunnock a labourer. Witnesses: Sarah Kelly and Edward Kelly.

Baptisms: (1838 -1871) Date Child's Name Father's Name Mother's Name 04-01-1842 Sarah P. (born 6th Dec) James Kelly Ossley ? 21-12-1848 Eliza (born 1" Aug) James Kelly Ossley ? 30-07-1849 Moore (born 18th Jun) James Miskelly Jane Brown 06-02-1850 Sarah (born 2 3Id Dec) Thomas Johnston Betty Kelly 1850 Thomas (born 7 Sep) James Miskelly Jane Brown 24-02-1852 Oslay (born 27th Aug) James Kelly Ossley ? 11-08-1852 Jane (born 8 th Jul) Thomas Johnston Elizabeth Kelly 24-02-1852 Prudence (born 10th Feb) Samuel Lightbody Agnes Kelly 16-05-1855 Margaret (born gttl Mar) James Miskelly Jane Brown 07-05-1855 Alexander(born 27th Feb) James Miskelly Jane Brown 04-11-1856 David (born 11" Feb) Samuel Lightbody Agnes Kelly 28-12-1859 James (born 7th Apr) Samuel Lightbody Agnes Kelly

Burials: 18"" March 1883 William Miskelly of Ballygrainey aged 90.

101 Conlig Presbyterian Church (PRONI REF:MIC/IP/94)

Baptisms: (1845-1919) Date Child's Name Father's Name Mother's Name Residence 14-02- -1849 John (born 7 th Jan) Robert Kelly Jane Wallace Newtownards 06-03- -1850 Margaret : (born 26th Feb) Hugh McKee Elizabeth Kelly Balloo 08-04- -1850 Robert (born 17th Mar) Robert Kelly Eliza Dill Newtownards 03-07- -1853 Eliza M. (born 26th May) Robert Kelly Eliza Dill Newtownards 26-09- -1854 Anna (born 10th Sep) James Kelly Nancy McWhinny Bangor 25-12- -1859 Samuel (born 26th Sep) Henry Kelly Isabella Cannock Drumhirk 25-12- -1859 Alexander(born 26th Oct) Alex'r Cannock Esther Kelly Drumhirk 19-03- -1866 William J(born 21'c Dec) James Adair Alice Kelly B ? James Adair Alice Kelly 19-03- -1866 David (born 21« Dec) B ? 02-01- -1868 Robert (born 22nd Nov) James Adair Alice Kelly Nr. Dundonald 02-01- -1870 Mary S. (born 19th Nov) John Kelly Agnes Jane Sloan Conlig

Checked till 1870.

Groomsport Presbyterian Church: (PRONI REF:MIC/IP/262)

Marriages: (1841-1903) y 13TH January 1846 James Robinson a labourer of Balloo, of full age, a bachelor, the son of John Robinson a labourer; to Jane Kelly of Bangor, of full age, a spinster, the daughter of William Kelly a labourer. Witnesses: William Robinson and Agnes Howison.

14th May 1851 William Kelly a labourer of Ballysallagh, of full age, a bachelor, the son of Neal Kelly a farmer; to Margaret Robinson of Ballysallagh, of full age, a spinster, the daughter of Thomas Robinson a labourer. Witnesses: William Patrick and Betty Downey.

Bangor Church of Ireland (St Comgalls):

Marriages: 11th November 1824 John Kelly of Ballyvester to Mary Chalmers of same place.

Baptisms: Date Child's Name Father's Name Mother's Name Residence 10-11-1803 Isobell John Kelly Sarah Bangor 04-04-1804 Samuel James Kelly Sarah Bangor -09-1814 Samuel Samuel Kelly Agnes Holmes Bangor -10-1814 Nancy Patrick Kelly Mary Ballyrobin? -12-1815 James James Kelly Anne Bangor 20-09-1818 John William Kelly Sarah Bangor -02-1819 Mary Patrick Kelly Mary Ballyd—? -03-1819 James William Kelly Margaret Bangor 1820 James? William Kelly Margaret Ballyd—? 13-08-1820 Anne William Kelly Sarah Bangor 29-07-1821 Mary William Kelly Margaret Ballydavey? -08-1822 Nancy? John Kelly Elizabeth 7 -08-1822 William William Kelly Sarah Bangor -03-1823 James William Kelly Catherine Bangor -03-1823 Bell? Patrick Kelly 7 Bangor 1824 Jane William Kelly Sarah Bangor 13-04-1830 James Waugh Samuel Kelly Catherine Green Ballyhay 26-11-1831 Eliza Jane Samuel Kelly Catherine Green Ballyhay 07-09-1834 James Samuel Kelly Catherine Green Bally?

102 PARISH OF COMBER

Comber Non-Subscribing Presbyterian Church: (PRONI REF:MIC/IB/1)

Marriages: 5th November 1854 George Kelly a Tailor of Ballyminstra, aged 25, a bachelor the son of Samuel Kelly a labourer to Eliza Jane Hewitt of Comber, age 20, a spinster, the daughter of William Hewitt a shoemaker,

Baptisms: Date Child's Name Father's Name Mother's Name Remarks 13-01-1856 Samuel George Kelly Eliza Hewitt -11-1857 William John George Kelly Eliza Hewitt died age lOyrs 1859 Alexander George Kelly Eliza Hewitt died young -02-1869 Martha Jane George Kelly Eliza Hewitt

(Checked 1838 till 1870)

3t l Presbyterian Church Comber: (PRONI REF:MIC/IP/58) This register is virtually illegible!

nd 2 Presbyterian Church Comber: (PRONI REF:MIC/IP/395)

Baptisms: 08-08-1878 John John Kelly (Farmer) Jane Boyd Ballykeigh Note: The legibility is poor in this register.

Comber Church of Ireland: (PRONI REF:MIC/S83/36-37)

Marriage: 08-08-1844 Henry Canning to Elizabeth Kelly. Witnesses David Kelly and Margaret Dalzell,

Baptisms: 1683-1877 Date Child's Name Father's Name Mother's Name Residence 29-04-1838 John William Kelly Charlotte Ballygowan 10-05-1840 William William Kelly (Tailor) Charlotte Ballygowan 26-09-1841 Isabella Ann James Kelly(Weaver) Sarah Comber 20-07-1851 Andrew Andrew Kelly(labr) Martha Comber 13-10-1861 Anna Maria George Kelly(labr) Eliza Ballygowan

Note: The period 1683-1830 was difficult to read. I checked the register from 1831 till 1868

Marriage: 23-10-1745 Susanna Kelly to James Jelly Burials: Date Name Age Residence 15-09-1835 James Kelly 27 Killyleagh 02-12-1844 John Kelly 13 Comber 07-03-1860 James Kelly 79 Comber 11-04-1872 Andrew Kelly 21 Comber 30-06-1877 Margaret Kelly 81 Comber

103 PARISH OF DONAGHADEE

lat Presbyterian Church Donaghadee: (PRONI REF:MIC/1P/167/D

Baptisms: 1783-1821 & 1828-1918 (Note: Early entries 1783-1799 barely legible)

Date Child's Name Father's Name Mother's Name Residence 13--06--1822 Sarah (born 1" Jun) William Kelly Sarah Law Donaghadee 25--04--1828 Margaret (born 13th Apr) James Kelly Isabella Bailie Donaghadee 13--04--1830 James W. (born 1" Apr) David Kelly Catherine Greer Ballyhay 26--11--1831 Eliza J. (born 6th Nov) David Kelly Catherine Greer Ballyhay 07--09--1834 James (born 16th Aug) David Kelly Catherine Greer Ballvesters

Checked till 1852.

Shore Street Presbyterian Church: (PRONI REF:MIC/1P/341)

Baptisms: (1849-1884) Date Child's Name Father's Name Mother's Name Residence 03-03--1855 Fanny 0'Reilly John Blackwood Sarah Ann Skelly Fairview Cottage (born 28TH July) (gentleman) 03-03--1856 Mary Robert McDowell Eliza Kelly Sandy Row (born 17th Feb) (fisherman) 02-07--1860 Isabella William Kelly Mary Taylor New Street (born 13th Jun) (grocer) 31-07--1860 Sarah Ann James Kelly Ellen Gibson Bridge Street (born 23" Apr) (designer) -02--1863 Elizabeth Mary William Kelly Mary Taylor New Street (born 23" Jul) (shopkeeper) 03-05--1869 William William Kelly Mary Taylor High Street (born 23rd Feb) (merchant) 04-11--1869 Isabella William Kelly Mary Taylor High Street (born 5th Oct) (merchant)

Checked till 1871

Carrowdore Presbyterian Church: (PRONI REF:MIC/IP/316)

Marriages: (1843-44) 25th December 1844 Alexander Wilson to Fanny Miskelly of Carrowdore. Witnesses: James Allan and Samuel Davidson.

Baptisms: [1843-70) Date Child's Name Father's Name Mother's Name Residence 16-12-1852 William J. (born 29th Nov) William Kelley Jane McElvery? Carrowdore 07-07-1853 Mary E. (born 2 5th Jun) Hugh Kelley Mary Linn Ballymoney 06-10-1857 Sarah (born 15th Jul) Samuel Robinson Jane Kelley IslandHill 06-10-1857 Hugh K. (born 27th Jun) David Cummings Sarah Kelley Ballyfrenis 03-04-1859 Alicia (born 26th Feb) Hugh Kelley Mary Linn Ballymoney

List of New Communicants: 22-10-1848 Jane Kelley -05-1851 Hugh Kelley 19-10-1851 Mary J Kelley -04-1859 Eliza Kelley 01-11-1860 Sarah Kelley

104 Millisle Presbyterian Church: (PRONI REF:MIC/IP/382)

Baptisms: (1773-1941) Date Child's Name Parent's Name Residence 24-08-1792 Charles William Kelly Ballyrarr 14-09-1794 James William Kelly Ballyrarr 26-07-1796 William William Kelly Ballyrarr 08-11-1798 Mary William Kelly Ballyrarr 05-10-1800 Jane William Kelly Ballyrarr 13-03-1803 Isabella William Kelly Ballyrarr 30-04-1807 Margaret William Kelly Ballyrarr 28-12-1815 John John McSkelly Millisle 13-03-1818 William John McSkelly Millisle 02-01-1820 David John McSkelly Millisle 23-01-1820 Robert Murray John Johnstone Kelly Ballycopeland 09-06-1821 William William Kelly Donaghadee 20-01-1822 Jane Charlotte John Johnstone Kelly Ballycopeland 15-07-1822 James Kelly Jenny Meickle Ballycopeland 06-10-1822 James John Miskelly Millisle 22-07-1824 John John Johnstone Kelly Millar Hill 25-02-1825 Margaret John Miskelly Millisle 08-02-1827 Robert Young John Miskelly Millisle 07-03-1827 Peter John Kelly Ballyreiter 10-09-1829 Ellen John Miskelly Millisle 04-03-1833 Hugh John Kelly Ballyvester 01-11-1835 William John Kelly Ballyvester 19-05-1837 Margaret John Kelly Ballyfrenis 06-05-1838 Agnes Colvile John Johnstone Kelly Ballyvester 05-05-1840 James John Kelly Donaghadee 24-03-1841 John Patterson David Miskelly Ballyrarr

Note: Mother' s Name recorded from 19th October 1841 Date Child's Name Father's Name Mother's Name Residence 17-02-1842 William (born 9• h Feb) John Kelly Eliza McCormick Donaghadee 22-03-1843 Margaret (born 25 -h Feb) David Miskell y Mary Ferson Ballyharkin 28-10-1846 James (born 12 -h Oct) David Miskell y Mary Ferson Ballyharkin 07-03-1849 David (born 4 -h Mar) James Ke lly Agnes Lowey Ballyfrenis 21-09-1850 Elann J. (born 21 " Jul) David Miskell y Mary MacPherson B'copeland 18-07-1851 Hugh (born 30 h Jun) John Mis kelly Ann Jane Beck Millisle 20-08-1852 Elizabeth(born 8th Jul) David Mi skelly Mary MacPherson Bally? 29-06-1854 Elizabeth(born 3 c May) John Miskelly Ann Jane Beck Ballyharkin 17-07-1855 Elennor (born 3 d Jun) John Miskelly Ann Jane Beck Millisle

Checked till 1858.

Donaghadee Church of Ireland: (index in PRONI)

Baptisms: 1771-1845 Date Child's Name Father's Name Mother's Name Page No. 09-03-1772 Rose Walter Kelly Mary ? 01 23-09-1772 Jane Adam Kelly 02 10-04-1774 Josias Walter Kelly 03 21-03-1777 Hugh Walter Kelly 7 04 25-09-1785 James James Kelly Rose ? 08 15-06-1800 Ann John Kelly Elizabeth McWilliams 14 15-08-1804 Agnes John Kelly Margaret Almond 16 17-11-1805 Catherine James Kelly Elizabeth ? 17 29-05-1808 James James Kelly Elizabeth ? 18 29-07-1808 Isabella Martin Kelly Sarah McGill 18 23-05-1819 Eliza Jane H Patrick Kelly Mary Boyce (Henderson)) 33 03-04-1825 Margaret Robert Kelly Mary Anderson 53 24-08-1828 Edward Samuel Kelly Catherine ? 59 02-08-1829 Thomas James Kelly Mary Reaney 60 18-02-1838 Catherine Patrick Kelly Mary ? 68 22-09-1839 Frances Francis Kelly Sarah ? 69 28-03-1841 Isabella John Kelly Mary ? 70

105 Donaghadee Church of Ireland: (index in PRONI)

Marriages: 1772-1844 Date Groom Bride Page No. 17-10-1777 Michaial Cahail Mary Kelly 26 27-09-1826 Bernard Quinn Isabella Kelly 25 12-07-1827 William Kelly Mary McBride 2 6 09-12-1828 John Kelly Mary Keenan 26 ? Robert Foster Agnes Kelly 38

Date Name Age Page No. 10-03-1823 William Kelly 6mths 44 10-04-1823 William Kelly 26 44 05-01-1824 Bernard Kelly 72 48 12-10-1826 Robert Kelly 21 27B

y

106 PARISH OF GREYABBEY

Grey Abbey Non-Subscribing Presbyterian Church: (PRONI REF-.MIC/IB/9)

Baptisms: Date Child's Name Father's Name Mother's Name Residence 17-07-1838 Emily F. (born 6thJul) Matthew Kelly Cath' Robinson MtStewart 21-12-1839 Mary Ann Malcom John Kelly Mary Kelly MtStewart 20-03-1840 Matthew (born 14th Mar) Matthew Kelly Cath' Robinson MtStewart 07-05-1840 Agnes B. (born 23rd Apr) Robert Kelly Margaret Bain B'ycastle 22-10-1848 John (born 10th Oct) John Kelly (Mason) Sarah ? Greyabbey Note:born in Whitehaven 26-06-1850 Rosy (born 17th Mar) William Kelly(Labr) Roseanna Henry B'castle 25-02-1852 David M. (born 20th Feb) William Kelly(Labr) Roseanna Henry B'castle 08-06-1852 Rebecca (born 29rh May) William Kelly(Labr) Roseanna Henry B'castle 08-06-1854 William (born Decl850) John Kelly (Labr) Sarah McCracken B'castle 08-06-1854 Sarah (born Mayl853) John Kelly Sarah McCracken

Marriages: 27-05-1837 Matthew Kelly of Cardy to Catherine Robinson of Mount Stewart. Witnesses, William Johnston of Cardy and John Kelly of Cardy.

23-03-1839 John Kelly of Cardy to Mary Kelly of Mountstewart. Witnesses, Matthew Kelly and Samuel Kelly, both Mountstewart.

16-05-1846 Robert Kelly, age 24, Bachelor, Labourer of Carrowdore; son of Robert Kelly, Labourer to Elizabeth Pherson, age 38, Spinster, of Carrowdore, daughter of Wm. Pherson, Farmer.

28-10-1867 John Kelly, age full, Bachelor, Labourer of Ballymurphy Greyabbey, son of John Kelly, Labourer to Jane Atcheson, age full, Spinster, of Cardy, daughter of Wm. Atcheson, Weaver.

Grey Abbey Church of Ireland:

Baptisms: Date Child's Name Parent's Residence 06-06-1808 Mary Ann to Philip and Ann Kelly 05-05-1813 Catherine to Philip and Agnes Kelly 17-09-1844 Thomasina to William Kelly (gardener) and Mary Kelly Greyabbey 11-04-1847 John to John Kelly (labourer) and Sarah Kelly Greyabbey Checked till 1870.

Marriages: 31st Mar 1807 David Leckey and Catherine Kelly, by Banns. 17 ' Sep 1818 Andrew Kelly and Mary Malcomson, both of the Parish of Greyabbey.

Burials: 11th Apr 1812 Sarah Kelly, (born Walker) - 75 years, (brought from Mountstewart) 7L,i Oct 1813 John Kelly, - 3 years. llLh Nov 1814 Mary Kelly, (born Adams) - 84 years. 29th Apr 1826 Charles Kelly, Newtownards - 6 months. 12tfe Oct 1826 Robert Kelly, Donaghadee - 21 years. Oct 1826 Charles Kelly, Newtownards - 34 years. (See Millisle P. Register) 21 Mar 1827 James Kelly, Ballygrangey - 78 years. 27tr. Jul 1827 Andrew Kelly, Mountstewart - 85 years. 23r d Feb 1828 Jane Kelly, Cardy. 22"3 Sep 1830 Alexander Kelly, Greyabbey - 2 months. 29- Jul 1832 James Kelly, Ballycastle - 4 months. 15- Oct 1832 Rose Kelly, Cardy - 42 years. 6"-' Dec 1833 Margaret Kelly, Greyabbey - 6 months. 2gtr. Jun 1837 Jane Kelly, Blackabbey - 68 years.

107 PARISH OF KILLINCHY

Killinchy Presbyterian Church: (index in PRONI)

Baptisms: 1812-1856 Date Child's Name Father's Name Mother's Name Residence 25-02-1822 Margaret Samuel Kelly 05-05-1822 Robert William Kelly 04-09-1823 John William Kelly 27-05-1824 George Montgomery Samuel Kelly 23-07-1824 John William Kelly 30-03-1825 Sarah John Kelly 18-06-1826 Robert Robert Kelly 29-11-1828 Jane Robert' Kelly 26-04-1829 James John Kelly 06-05-1829 Robert William Kelly 07-07-1830 Alexander Samuel Kelly 1831 Agnes Robert Kelly 26-06-1831 Hugh John Kelly 29-09-1831 Grace William Kelly 19-06-1832 James John Kelly 22-11-1833 James Edward Kelly 07-02-1834 Robert Gibson John Kelly y 02-06-1834 Mary Robert Kelly \ 30-03-1835 James Andrew Kelly 10-07-1835 Robert John Kelly 10-07-1835 Mary William Kelly 22-07-1835 Anna John Kelly 10-04-1836 Jane John Kelly 18-09-1836 Andrew Andrew Kelly 27-11-1836 Mary Ann (born 16" Sep) John Kelly Ann Hill Killinchy 14-05-1837 Agnes (born 11th May) Williani Kelly Agnes Coey Ballydrain 14-05-1837 Susan Jane (born 24" Apr) William Kelly Mary Moorehead Ballydrain 07-03-1838 William (born 23td Feb) John Kelly Eliza Mitchell Ringneil 20-05-1838 Mary (born 07th May) Williani Kelly Mary Moorehead1 Ballydrain 30-11-1838 Cunningham (born 20" Oct) John Kelly Ann Hill Killinchy 27-02-1839 Samuel (born 14" Feb) Willian i Kelly Agnes Coey Ballydrain 10-03-1840 Martha (born 01" Mar) Robert Kelly Grace Maxwell Ballydrain 13-08-1840 James (born 28" Jul) Samuel Kelly Eliza Moore Ringneil 19-04-1841 Elizabeth (born 10" Apr) Willian i Kelly Agnes Coey Ballydrain 25-01-1843 Samuel (born 06th Jan) Samuel Kelly Eliza Moore Ringneil 02-02-1843 Alexander (born 01" Dec) James Kelly Agnes Lowry Lisburn 23-10-1843 7 (born 15" Oct) William Kelly Agnes Kelly Ballydrain 10-07-1845 Robert Moore(born 28th May) Samuel Kelly Eliza Moore Ringneil 24-07-1851 Mary (born 18" May) John Kelly Annie Swan Ringneil 19-11-1855 Susanna (born 18" Sep) John Kelly Annie Swan Ringneil 19-11-1855 Mitchell (born 18th Sep) John Kelly Annie Swan Ringneil

Marriages: 07-01-1814 George Montgomery married Margaret Kelly 19-02-1820 William Findlay married Elizabeth Kelly 19-10-1821 Samuel Kelly married Grace Fitchey 14-06-1823 Robert Kelly married Jane Hewitt 19-08-1823 John Kelly married Margaret Gilmer 12-05-1825 James Finlay married Mary Kelly 24-08-1826 Robert Sloan married Catherine Kelly 09-01-1831 Sarah Kelly married John Middleton 06-03-1831 John Kelly married Elizabeth Mitchell 22-06-1831 Orr Kelly married Margaret McMillan 18-10-1834 Andrew Kelly married Sarah Mitchell 14-09-1837 James Kelly married Rosanna Irvine 1837 A John Orr Kelly and a William Kelly were witnesses at a marriage. 09-07-1838 Andrew Kelly of Tullynakill married Mary Brown. 11-05-1840 Samuel Kelly married Elizabeth Moore

Note: The name Jelly is also to be found in the Parish Register of Killinchy Presbyterian Church.

108 PARISH OF SAINTFIELD

Saintfield lat Presbyt erian Church ,: (PRONI REF:MIC/lP/298)

Baptisms: (1854- ) Date Child's Name Father's Name Mother's Name Residence 01-10-1854 Margaret J..(bor n 20" Aug) Robert Skelly Frances Dornan Tonaghmore 20-08-1855 Margaret A..(bor n 11" Jul) James Skelly Ellen Sinclair Tullywest 05-08-1855 Margaret (born 25" May) Robert Skelly Mary E. Watson Tonaghmore 19-07-1857 Samuel (born 24" Jun) Robert Skelly Frances Dornan Tonaghmore 19-06-1860 Eliza McC. (born 5" May) James Skelly Ellen Sinclair Tullywest 09-09-1860 Mary (born 10th Aug) Robert Kelly Frances Dornan Tonaghmore 30-05-1861 Elizabeth (born 28" Apr) Hugh Skelly Mary A. Bennett B'macramery 25-11-1861 John (born 11th Oct) Robert Skelly Sarah Russell B'macramery 26-05-1862 Jane (born 22nd Mar) James Kelly Margaret Greer B'macramery 10-05-1863 Anna Maria (born 6th Apr) Robert Skelly Frances Dornan Tonaghmore 24-05-1863 Samuel (born 16th Apr) Hugh Skelly Margaret Lemon G'sdrummond 06-12-1863 Martha (born 20" Sep) James Kelly Margaret Greer B'macramery 14-02-1864 Matthew R. (born 2n d Jan) Robert Skelly Sarah Russell B'macramery

nd Saintfield 2 Presbyterian Church: (PRONI REF:MIC/IP/289) Baptisms: (1831-1893) No Kellys recorded. Checked till 1864.

Marriages: (1831-1844) 18-07-1836 John Larmour of Drumhirk of Saintfield Seceding Congregation, married Sarah Kelly of Drumhirk of Newtownards Covenanting Church. 12-02-1841 James Smith of Priestsbridge of the 1st Saintfield Presbyterian Congregation to Eliza Ann Skelly of Tonoghmore of the 13~ Saintfield Presbyterian Church.

Saintfield Church of Ireland: (PRONI REF:MIC/I/69)

Marriages: 28-01-1724 James Kelly to Agnes Davison

Baptisms: (1724-1868 with gaps Date Child's Name Father's Name Mother's Name Residence 12-06-1729 Andrew Andrew Kelly 29-05-1816 Mary Edward Kelly Susanna ? Donegal 15-11-1816 Elizabeth Francis Kelly Jane ? 11-06-1823 Jane Timothy Kelly Jane Gribbens Saintf ield 29-06-1834 Robert John Shepherd Rosie Kelly Saintf ield 15-10-1834 George Edmund Robert Skelly (Farmer(Eliz a ? Carson stown 31-05-1846 John John Peters (Laborer ) Sarah Kelly Ravara 25-01-1851 Jane Hugh Skelly (Weaver) Betty ? Tullyc ott 02-05-1852 Edward William Kelly(Weaver JMargaret ? Saintf ield 30-04-1854 Mary William Kelly Margaret Saintf ield 25-03-1856 James William Kelly Margaret ? Saintf ield 03-02-1861 Margaret William Kelly Margaret ? Saintf ield 25-09-1864 Mary Jane William Kelly Margaret ? Saintf ield 25-08-1867 William William Kelly Margaret Kane? Saintf ield

Distribution of Poor Money: 1823 Susanah Kelley 1823 William Kelley

109 PARISH OF DUNDONALD

Dundonald Church of Ireland: (PRONI REF:MIC/I/46)

Baptisms: (1811-1845) 15-11-1829 Anne James Kelly of Caroreagh and Charlotte McDonnell of Donaghadee. (Illeg.) As well as extracting information from the copies of parish registers held in the Public Record Office in Belfast, I noted the following entries in the International Genealogical Index, see also page 128. PARISH OF BANGOR

Birth: 13-07-1866 Sarah to James Kelly and Sarah Toman

y PARISH OF HOLLYWOOD

Births: (REF: IGI) 14-01-1864 Sarah to John Kelly and Mary Maywell? 13-09-1865 Elizabeth to Charles Kelly and Elizabeth Hannah

PARISH OF SAINTFIELD

Boardmills Presbyterian Church:

Marriages: 03-11-1814 John Young to Margaret Kelly

Baptisms: 06-07-1806 Jean to Robert Kelly 21-04-1815 Mary Jane to George Henry Kelly and Mary Alerdice 20-12-1818 William A.to George Kelly and Mary Alerdice 20-12-1819 William A.to George Henry Kelly and Mary Alerdice 1820 Richard to George Henry Kelly and Mary Alerdice 23-05-1824 George to George Henry Kelly and Mary Alerdice -05-1825 George to Henry Kelly and Mary Alerdice 26-06-1829 Jean to Henry Kelly and Mary Alerdice

As the above entries reveal, the surname Kelly was to be found fairly frequently in the various Protestant congregations of north Down. In some registers the surnames Miskelly and Skelly are also present. Although separate surnames from that of Kelly, it is quite possible that these names may have on occasion become recorded as, or changed to Kelly.

The name Skelly as in Skellys Hill, is derived from the former townland of Ballyskelly in the Parish of Donaghadee.

It is also possible that some bearers of the names Miskelly and McSkelly may have with time become shortened to Skelly. The name McSkelly was also to be found in Wigtownshire in the Parish Lists of 1684, see page 48.

110 MacLysaght, who was an authority on Irish surnames, stated that the name Skelly was an Oriel form of the surname Scally. This name was common in Counties Roscommon and Westmeath, its Gaelic form being Mac Scalai. For some of the registers I also noted the baptism of children whose mother's surname was Kelly/Miskelly etc. This also helps to reveal the widespread presence of Kelly's in north Down.

I mentioned as a footnote that the name Jelly occurred in the Parish Registers of Killinchy Presbyterian Church. As with the name Skelly so Jelly may have on occasion become changed or possibly confused with that of Kelly. Following are a few extracted "Jelly" entries from the Killinchy register.

Baptisms: Date Child's Name Father's Name Mother's Name Residence 14-03-1838 Eliza Jane (born 2 6" Feb) James Kelly? Rosanna Bishop Comber 15-10-1840 Hannah (born 27th Sep) James Kelly? Rosanna Bishop Comber 15-12-1842 David (born 09" Nov) James Kelly? Rosanna Bishop Ballydrain 10-07-1845 Mary Ann (born 19" Jun) James Jelly? Rosanna Bishop Ballydrain 10-08-1847 John (born 04" Aug) John Jelly? Rosanna Bishop B'graffar? 05-11-1847 Agnes (born 19" Oct) James Jelly? Rosanna Bishop Ballydrain 07-11-1847 Mary Jane (born 2 4" Oct) John Jelly? Eliz' McCann B'graffar 17-02-1850 Hannah (born 7 ) John Jelly? Eliz' McCann 27-08-1850 Samuel (born ll" Jul) John Jelly Jnr Rosanna Bishop Ballydrain 21-07-1853 John (born 22nd Jan) John Jelly? Rosanna Bishop Ballydrain 28-03-1854 Rosanna (born 19" Mar) John Jelly? Rosanna Bishop Ballydrain

Marriage: 10-07-1839 Robert Jelly of Ringneil married Grace Maxwell.

Whilst I attempted to record all Kelly baptisms and marriages in the parish registers listed above, my lists should not be regarded as a comprehensive record of all the Kelly entries in north Down. I had to limit my research to the above registers due to time constraints. The registers of churches in the parishes of e.g. Ballywalter, Drumbo and Hollywood may also be usefully checked for Kelly baptisms and marriages.

It is important to point out, that the legibility and survival of individual parish registers varies considerably, e.g. the register for Millisle Presbyterian Church is perfectly legible and date from the late 18th century whilst the 1st Presbyterian Church of Comber, which dates from 1847 is practically illegible! In conclusion there are certainly a significant number of Kelly's recorded in the various churches'of north Down, i.e. Roman Catholic, Church of Ireland and Presbyterian. The national origin of these Kellys, i.e. Irish, Scots possibly even Manx has become with the passage of time almost impossible to ascertain. l

On a more personal family history note, I find it interesting that there were Charles Kelly's, both Roman Catholic and Presbyterian living in the north Down area in the early to mid 19th century. Unfortunately it is impossible to determine family relationships from the limited evidence.

Ill C5) Civil Records: I have examined the Irish civil records of births, deaths and marriages on a limited basis in relation to Kellys in Newtownards. Unlike their Scottish counterparts these civil records do not start until 1864, (with the exception of Non-Catholic marriages, i.e. Church of Ireland, Presbyterian etc., which start in 1845).

The General Register Office in Belfast holds the original registers of births and deaths for the 6 counties of Northern Ireland from 1864 till the present. Marriage registers are kept in the local district registries, e.g. Newtownards.

The GRO in Belfast also holds indexes for births from 1864 till 1921. Indexes to births (for all Ireland), from 1864 to 1921 are also held by PRONI.

The GRO in Dublin holds copies of birth and death registers for all Ireland from 1864 till 1921 and copies of marriage registers from 1845 till 1921. Dublin also houses master indexes for all three categories.

Here in Scotland, copies of the Irish indices are available for consultation in the Family History Centre of the L.D.S. Church in Paisley, Renfrewshire.

(1) Births: To undertake research into all the birth entries of Kelly children born in Newtownards district would be a lengthy task. Such research would however enable the restructuring of family units to be undertaken, i.e. the compilation of family trees.

In relation to possible family connections of Charles Kelly in Newtownards then the Roman Catholic baptismal register discussed previously may be regarded as a more suitable source for study.

(2) Deaths: Unlike Scottish death records, their Irish counterparts contain limited information; e.g. they do not name the parents of the deceased nor the spouse if married. As in the case of birth records, the extraction of all the Kelly deaths in Newtownards district would involve a protracted and lengthy search and information gained .would be scanty.

I decided to limit myself to a search for the death certificate of Charles Kelly's parents, i.e. Richard and Elisabeth Kelly. This search produced an entry for a Richard Kelly aged 57 years who died on 26"n March 1893. Richard was a weaver by trade and a widower when he died, with a birth date of around 1836 he could not have been the father of Charles.

Richard's death was registered by his son John Kelly of Wallace Street, Newtownards. I noted the presence of Richard Kelly of Wallace Street in my earlier reference to Griffith's Valuation, see page 87.

112 The registration of Richard Kelly's death in 1893 explains why the annual revision lists to Griffith's Valuation show his name being crossed out and replaced by his son John Kelly.

The burial of Richard Kelly is recorded in the records of Movilla cemetery, which are held in the Ards Council Office in Newtownards. He is recorded as the owner of grave number 67i/2 in Section 4, (Old Ground). Information held in the Council Offices revealed the following burials in the grave.

Name Burial Status Cause of Death Residence John Were Kelly 24tn May 1925 Child General Debility Newtownards Mary Ann Kelly 1st Oct 1937 Weaver Heart Failure Wallaces St. John Kelly 22nd Oct 194 0 Weaver Old Age 55 Wallaces St. Thomas Kelly 6th Mar 1942 Clerk Meningitis 35A Court St. Sonya? D Kelly 17th Feb 1948 Spinster Cancer 55 Wallaces St. Margaret Kelly 18th May 197 4 Retired Senility 78 Main St. Kircubbin

Following a visit to Movilla Cemetery in Newtownards in July 1998, I discovered that unfortunately there does not appear to be a headstone on the grave. For further information on John Kelly of Wallaces Street, see c5) Census Returns, page 118.

Regarding the death of Elisabeth Kelly, i.e. Charles's mother a death certificate may exist, assuming the following: 1) That she lived until 1864. 2) That she died in the Newtownards district. 3) That her death was recorded.

There are five relevant entries between 1864 and 1899. The five Elisabeth Kelly's deaths registered in the district of Newtownards between 1864 and 1899 were as follows:

1) 1873 aged 68, Innkeepers widow, Donaghadee. 2) 1882 aged 84, Farmers widow, Drumkirk. 3) 1887 aged 68, wife of Robert Kelly, North Street. 4) 1890 aged 58, wife of Henry Kelly, Ballymonishe? 5) 1897 aged 81, widow, retired grocer, Bangor.

Two of the Elisabeth's may be discounted due to the names of their husbands, i.e. Robert and Henry Kelly. The Elisabeth who died aged 81 in 1897 would have been too young to have been Charles mother.

The Elisabeth who died in 1873 aged 68 is listed as an Innkeepers widow; Richard, i.e. the father of Charles is stated to have been a f a rme r.

The death of the Elisabeth Kelly, who died at Drumhirk in 1882 aged 84 was registered by her son William of Castle Street, Belfast. There are townlands by the name of Drumhirk in both the parishes of Comber and Newtownards.

The discovery of this Elisabeth's burial place might reveal her husband's name on the headstone, see Memorial Inscriptions d2, page 124.

113 (3) Marriages: Between the start of registration of non-Catholic marriages in 1845, till 1864 when all denominations were recorded, there were 75 entries in the district of Newtownards for Kelly's both male and female. From 1864 till 1884, there were a further 58 entries, both male and female.

The district of Newtownards covered towns out with Newtownards itself, including Comber, Bangor and Donaghadee.

Within the period 1845 to 1884, I discovered two marriage entries pertaining to a Richard Kelly in the Newtownards District. Could one of these have been a brother of Charles?

The first entry of interest is dated December 215t 1853. This marriage took place in the 1st Presbyterian Church Newtownards. Name Age Status Occupation Residence Father Richard Kelly Full Bachelor Weaver Newtownards George (Lab'r) Spouse Agnes Carlton Full Spinster Sewer Newtownards William(Lab'r) Note: The above is also noted under C4 Parish Registers.

The second entry is dated 1 May 1882. This marriage took place in Grey Abbey Presbyterian Church.

Name Age Status Occupation Residence Father Richard Kelly Full Bachelor Farmer Pepystown, Louth James (Farmer) Spouse Mary Warden Ballycastle John (Lab'r) Witnesses Hugh Warden and a Maggie Gunning. Neither entry appears to be relevant to my own family, it is of course possible that there were other Richard Kellys who were Catholics, marrying between 1845 and 1864 and who would not therefore appear in the statutory records.

Having searched for a marriage certificate for a Richard Kelly, I decided to have a look for the marriage of John Kelly of Wallace Street, i.e. the son of Richard Kelly.

I obtained certificates on two John Kelly's married in the District of Newtownards whom I thought might be of interest. The first dated 28th October 1867. This marriage took place in the 1st Presbyterian Meeting House in Greyabbey.

Name Age Status Occupation Residence Father John Kelly Full Bachelor Lab'rer B'murphy, Greyab'y John (Lab'r) Spouse . Jane Atcheson Full Spinster Cardey, Greyab'y William Witnesses Hugh Moreland and a Grace McClelland.

114 The second marriage entry was dated 22nd June 1871. This marriage took place in the 2nd Presbyterian Church in Bangor.

Name Age Status Occupation Residence Father John Kelly Full Bachelor Farmer ' Drumhirk John (Farmer) Spouse Jane Boyd Full Spinster Drumhirk Alexander Witnesses Jane Gunning and a John McCann. As it turned out neither of the above John Kellys had a father named Richard, further research was necessary to ascertain if John Kelly did indeed marry and where, see also C5 civil Records (Deaths) page 113 and C6 Census Returns page 118.

Of interest, the Richard Kelly who married in 1853 was born on the 8th September 1820, his parents being, George Henry Kelly and Mary Alerdice, his baptismal entry being recorded in Boardmills Presbyterian Church in County Down. This information was obtained from the Irish Section of the International Genealogical Index, i.e. the IGI, see Secondary Sources page 135.

Could there have been a connection between the Richard Kelly born in 1820 and the Richard Kelly who died in Newtownards in 1893? The evidence found in the Ards Council Burial Register (page 113) and in the Census returns for Richard Kelly's son John Kelly of Wallace Street (page 118), reveal that the two Richard Kelly's were indeed the same man. It follows that the age given on the 1893 death certificate for Richard Kelly was incorrect.

C6) Census Returns:

I mentioned earlier that the only surviving census records for Newtownards are the 1901 and the 1911 returns. Although they are of a relatively late date as regards research into my family history, I considered they could still be useful on two counts.

1) They might record Kelly relatives still living in the Newtownards area. 2) They would reveal the presence of the surname Kelly in the parish of Newtownards in the early 20th century.

The census returns might also reveal more information concerning the John Kelly of Wallace Street, i.e. the son of Richard Kelly who died in 1893. a) The 1901 Census:

In the 1901 census there were 91 Kelly's present in the Parish of Newtownards. In the town there were 17 Kelly households, i.e. 4 Roman Catholic and thirteen Protestant, in total 74 individuals.

In the surrounding townlands, there were a further three Protestant families and two single Catholic men, a total of 17 individuals. As my own Kelly family was Roman Catholic, the following entries were of particular interest to me.

115 1901 Census Newtownards

Ann Street NAME & RELATIONSHIP RELIGION AGE OCCUPATION PLACE OF SURNAME TO HEAD BIRTH John Kelly Head Roman Catholic 22 Railway Porter County Down Maggie " Wife Roman Catholic 24 Scotland Mary " Daur Roman Catholic 1 County Down

Mill Street NAME & RELATIONSHIP RELIGION AGE OCCUPATION PLACE OF SURNAME TO HEAD BIRTH Thomas Kelly Head Roman Catholic 34 Master Horseshoer Newtownards Catherine " Wife Roman Catholic 32 Newtownards Lizzie " Daur Roman Catholic 16 Cotton Weaver Newtownards Catherine " Daur Roman Catholic 14 Scholar Newtownards Daniel " Son Roman Catholic 12 Scholar Newtownards Thomas " Son Roman Catholic 9 Scholar Newtownards Ellen Daur Roman Catholic 7 Scholar Newtownards William " Son Roman Catholic 3 Newtownards Mary " Daur Roman Catholic 1 Newtownards

North Street NAME & SURNAME RELATIONSHIP RELIGION AGE OCCUPATION PLACE OF TO HEAD BIRTH Elizabeth Kelly Head Roman Catholic 50 Laundress County Down Mary Kelly Sister Roman Catholic 45 Seamstress County Down

West Street NAME & SURNAME RELATIONSHIP RELIGION AGE OCCUPATION PLACE OF TO HEAD BIRTH Alexander Kelly Head Roman Catholic 40 Coachman County Down Mary Anne Kelly Wife Roman Catholic 36 Seamstress County Down John Kelly Son Roman Catholic 5 Scholar County Down Laurence Kelly Son Roman Catholic 3 County Down Jessie Kelly Daughter Roman Catholic 6mt County Down

For a full listing of Kellys recorded in the 1901 census for the Parish of Newtownards, see Appendix 3. b) The 1911 Census: I have also managed to obtain a record of the Kelly families resident in the 1911 census, in total there were 93 Kelly's present in Newtownards Parish in this census. In the town of Newtownards, there were 14 Kelly households, i.e. 6 Roman Catholic and 8 Protestant, in total 72 individuals.

In the surrounding townlands, there were a further 14 Kelly's, all of whom were Protestant. Again I have noted the Roman Catholic households in the 1911 census.

116 1911 Census Newtownards

Mill Street NAME & RELATIONSHIP RELIGION AGE OCCUPATION PLACE OF SURNAME TO HEAD BIRTH Thomas Kelly Head Roman Catholic 48 Blacksmith County Down Catherine % Wife Roman Catholic 46 County Down Lizzie ^ Daur Roman Catholic 25 Machinist County Down Kate n Daur Roman Catholic 23 Machinist County Down Daniel * Son Roman Catholic 21 Blacksmith County Down Thomas 1 Son Roman Catholic 19 Scholar County Down Ellen 1 Daur Roman Catholic 17 Machinist County Down William 1 Son Roman Catholic 13 Scholar County Down Mary 1 Daur Roman Catholic 11 Scholar County Down Bertie % Son Roman Catholic 9 Scholar County Down James \ Son Roman Catholic 6 Scholar County Down

North Street NAME & RELATIONSHIP RELIGION AGE OCCUPATION PLACE OF SURNAME TO HEAD BIRTH John Kelly Head Roman Catholic 32 Railway Porter County Down Maggie 1 Wife Roman Catholic 34 County Down Mary- 1 Daur Roman Catholic 11 Scholar County Down Maggie % Daur Roman Catholic 9 Scholar County Down John \ Son Roman Catholic 8 County Down James \ Son Roman Catholic 6 County Down Charles \ Son Roman Catholic 4 County Down Joseph \ Son Roman Catholic 2 County Down Ellen \ Daur Roman Catholic lmt County Down

West Street NAME & SURNAME RELATIONSHIP RELIGION AGE OCCUPATION PLACE OF TO HEAD BIRTH Alexander Kelly Head Roman Catholic 52 Carter County Down Mary Ann " Wife Roman Catholic 49 County Down John Thomas " Son Roman Catholic 16 Carter County Down Lawrence J. " Son Roman Catholic 13 Scholar County Down Arthur R. Son Roman Catholic 6 Scholar County Down

Note: See C3 (R.C.Parish Registers) for marriages of Thomas, John and Alexander Kelly above.

NAME & SURNAME RELATIONSHIP RELIGION AGE OCCUPATION PLACE OF TO HEAD BIRTH Lizzie Kelly Head Roman Catholic 70 Emporum? Newtownards Mary Kelly Sister Roman Catholic 56 County Down

For a full listing of Kellys recorded in the 1911 census, see Appendix 4. Lizzie and Mary Kelly noted above are worthy of comment. Lizzie (Elizabeth) would have been born around 1850 and Mary around 1854. I believe these two ladies may well have been nieces of my ancestor, Charles Kelly, see also my comments regarding Lizzie on page 93. It is also possible that Elizabeth and Mary's father may have been recorded in Griffiths Valuation, see page 86.

117 In Griffiths Valuation of 1864 there were recorded 4 John Kellys, 2 James Kellys and 2 William Kellys all living within the town of Newtownards. Perhaps one or more of these Kellys may have been a brother of Charles?

The Catholic families recorded in the census share a number of Christian names with my own family, i.e. Thomas, Charles, Alexander and Elizabeth. This is an indication of a possible connection between them and my own family. More definite evidence of a family connection is however necessary before any relationships can be determined.

In my research into both Griffiths and the Parish Registers, I made reference to Richard Kelly and his son John Kelly of Wallace Street Newtownards. The 1901 and 1911 Censuses also record John Kelly of Wallace Street, John being the son of Richard who died in 1893, see page 112. Living in John Kelly's household is a son, William George,

The Richard Kelly who married in 1853(see page 114) had a father named George Kelly. This would appear to confirm that the Richard Kelly who died in Newtownards in 1893 was the same one who married in 1853.

Before finishing with the census returns, the following entry for the village of Greyabbey, lying a few miles to the east of Newtownards is also of interest.

1901 Census Greyabbey Village

No 41. NAME & RELATIONSHIP RELIGION AGE OCCUPATION PLACE OF SURNAME TO HEAD BIRTH Eliza Kelly Head Presbyterian 48 Seamstress County Down John Son Presbyterian 24 Labourer County Down Charles " Son Presbyterian 21 ... R.N. County Down Sarah Daughter Presbyteri an 17 Seamstress County Down

Again we have a Charles Kelly listed, this time a Presbyterian, possibly of Scots origin.

Although the Census returns did not directly assist me in my research into my Kelly ancestry, they did answer a few questions and uncovered other areas of possible research.

118 SECONDARY SOURCES:

I will now discuss the secondary genealogical sources I have consulted.

dl) Memorial Inscriptions:

There is an excellent series of Graveyard Inscriptions covering Counties Antrim and Down, published by the Ulster Historical Foundation. It must be noted that only the better off sections of society would have been able to afford the expense of a headstone in the 18th/19th centuries.

There are 20 volumes covering County Down. The two graveyards of most interest in my research were Movilla, Newtownards (Vol.11) and Killysuggan, Newtownards (Vol. 5). Following are those memorials recording Kellys.

a) Newtownards (Movilla):

KELLY (in high-railed enclosure) erected by James and John Kelly to the memory of their mother Jane Kelly who died December 25th 1818 aged 37 years, their father James Kelly who died March 5th 1849 aged 72 years, their brother Thomas Kelly who died April 5th 1854 aged 42 years, James Kelly, son of John Kelly, who died December 5th 1853 aged 14 years.

KELLY erected by Francis of Conlig in memory of his son Samuel Kelly who died 16th July 1858 aged 12 years Also Jeanie, the beloved daughter of his grandson Francis and Janet Kelly, who died 17th June 1896 aged 4 years. Also Henry Kelly, son of the above Francis Kelly, who died 8th August 1917 aged 83 years. Also Isabella, wife of the above-named Henry Kelly, who died 13th October 1925 aged 85 years. Also their daughter Isabella who died 5th February 1949. KELLY erected by Robert Kelly of Mountstuart in memory of his daughter Agnes Burns Kelly who departed this life 6 June 18 60 aged 20 years. Also his son Robert Kelly who departed this life 9th October 1865 aged 23 years. Also the above-named Robert Kelly who departed this life 21st May 1873 aged 55 years.

KELLY erected by John Kelly of N.T. Ards in memory of his son Edward Kelly who departed this life 8tn February 1861 aged 13 months Also his daughter Maggie Kelly who died 29th May 1874 aged 15 years. Also his son Edward Kelly who died 11th May 1880 aged 18 years. Also his daughter Lizzie Kelly who died 17th April 1884 aged 19 years. Also his wife Eliza Kelly who died 6 February 1887 aged 61 years. KELY/ (stone lying on the ground) KELLY Here lyeth the body of Sarah Kely who dyed ye 17 of December 1702 and aged 17 years. Also John and Jenet ye children of Gilbert Kelly of Newtown.

119 b) Newtownards (Killysuggan): Killysuggan was the Roman Catholic graveyard for Newtownards, it lies just to the west of the town in the townland of Milecross. The oldest stone dates from 1772.

KELLY Eliza Kelly died 4th Sept 1879.James Kelly died 1st June 1884. (Note: There are no death certificates for either Eliza or James!) KELLY The family burying ground of Thomas Kelly. (Note: See Census Returns 1901/911 for Newtownards re: Thomas Kelly).

Unfortunately there is no record of a Richard Kelly in either of the Newtownards graveyards. As Richard Kelly was a Roman Catholic one would have imagined Killysuggan as his most likely burial place. There are several possibilities why no gravestone exists for him.

1) The Kelly family were simply not wealthy enough to provide a stone. 2) A headstone may have existed but may have become illegible with age, quite a common occurrence. 3) Richard Kelly may have died and been buried in a different parish.

Having checked the Newtownards Memorial Inscriptions for Kelly entries, I decided to consult the Memorial Inscriptions of adjoining parishes. c) Bangor Abbey Graveyard:

KELLY Erected in memory of John Kelly of Bangor, revenue officer who depd. this life June 17th 90 AE 64 years. Also his daughter Dorothy McDonald, who deptd. This life Decr. 4th 1793 aged 31 years.

KELLY (with the next two). Erected by James Kelly of Bangor in memory of his father Alexander Kelly who died 22nd April 1828 aged 78 years. Also his grandfather James Kelly who died 14th March 1771 aged 53 years. Also his grandmother Isabella Kelly alias Dabby who died 28th May 1802 aged 77 years. Also seven of their children.

KELLY Erected by Alexander Kelly, Bangor, in memory of his daughter Frances who departed this life 15th March 1793 aged 14 years. Also Esther McGowan, wife to Robert Kelly, who departed this life 1st May 1811 aged 29 years. Also Agnes Green alias Kelly who departed this life 10th April 1827 aged 39 years.

KELLY Erected by Alexander Kelly of Bangor in memory of his sister Jane Lightbody alias Kelly who departed this life 25th Feby. 1821 aged 72 years. And also of his wife Agnes Kelly alias Simpson who departed this life 23rd Feby. 1825 aged 72 years.

KELLY (Surmounted by three sandstone urns, secured to east wall and in low stone enclosure). Erected by Alexander Kelly of Bangor, in memory of his son James Kelly,who died 8th July 1829 AE 2 years. Also his second son James Kelly, who died 22nd Jan. 1831 AE 1 year. Also his son John Alexander Kelly who died at Pittisburg, America, the 6th of August 1846 aged 9 months. Also of Captain Robert Crosbie who died 9th February 1903 aged 53 years, nephew of the above Alexander Kelly and youngest son of the late William Crosbie, Bangor.

120 Bangor Abbey (Continued)

KELLY Erected by Alexander, John and Hugh Kelly, in memory of their sister Jenney Kelly who died 4th March 1834 aged 15 years. Also their brother Robert Kelly who died 17th Jan. 1836 aged 20 years. Also their brother James Kelly who died 9th May 1836 aged 29 years. And two of his children who died young. Likewise their father James Kelly, late of Bangor, who died 14th Novr. 1836 aged 60 years. "He was a kind father, a benevolent husband and a honest man". Also their mother Rebeca Kelly, who died the 19tn Octr. 1850 aged 70 years. Also their brother David Kelly who died the 8th of April 1852 aged 30 years. Also John Henery Kelly, grandson of the above James and Rebeca Kelly, who departed this life 30th June 1870 aged 22 years. Anne Kelly, wife of David Kelly, who died 19th Jany. 1893 aged 77 years.

KELLY (Worn sandstone tablet secured to east wall). Erected by John Kelly of Belfast, im memory of his wife Sarah who died 10t!"' Feb. 1850 aged 44 years. Also the above John Kelly, who died 1st June 1860 aged 56 years. Also his wife Jane Kelly who died 14th April 1891 aged 84 years.

KELLY Erected by James Kelly of Groomsport, in memory of his beloved wife Delia, who departed this life the 28th day of November 1870 aged 63 years. Also the above James Kelly, died July 3rd 1882 aged 72 years - 40 years in the service of the Maxwell family.

d) Comber Graveyard:

KELLY Erected by James Kelly to the memory of his wife Isabella who departed this life 7th December 1831 aged 21 years. Inscribed by Robert J. Clarke in memory of his beloved wife Agnes Clarke who died l(3)th Feb. 1892 aged 26 years.

KELLY Erected by John Kelly of Drumhirk in memory of his son David Kelly who departed this life on the 11th day of May 1854 aged 2 years and 7 months. Also his daughter Agnes Kelly who departed this life on the 20th day of May 1859 aged 2 years and 10 months. Also his beloved wife Mary Kelly alias Patton who departed this life on the 24th day of February 1872 aged 54 years. Also the above named John Kelly who died 18th June 1908. Also Sarah Kelly, wife of Patrick P. Kelly, who died 6th June 1928. Also her husband Patrick P. Kelly who died 17th June 1931.

e) Donaghadee Graveyard:

KELLY Here lieth the body of Mary Batt Lemon, wife of William Kelly, who departed this life the 23rd of February 1818 aged 23 years.

KELLY Erected to the memory of William Kelly of D.Dee who departed this life the 14th April 1823 aged 25 years.

KELLY (Two identical stones on either side of James Kelly's stone). Erected by William Kelly, A.D. 1850.

121 Donaghadee Graveyard (Continued)

KELLY Erected by James Kelly of Donaghadee in memory of his daughter Margaret who died on the 20th April 1856 aged 8 years. Also his nephew William Kelly who died the 15th February 1844 aged 20 years. Also his wife Isabella Kelly alias Bailie who died the 11th October 1846 aged 41 years. Likewise the remains of the said James Kelly who departed this life 29th October 1849 aged (55) years. Also his daughter Isabella Walker alias Kelly who died 19th October 1851 aged 25 years. Also her son David Walker who died 28" October 1852 aged (..) years. And also his sister Jane McMinn alias Kelly who died 20th May 1854 aged 53 years. Also the remains of Isabella, infant child of William Kelly, who died the 8th December 1862 aged 2 years and 5 months. Also his daughter Isabella who died 13tn January 1868 aged 3 months. Also William Kelly who died 28"n January 1884. Also his daughter Ellen Kelly who died 29th July 1911. Also his wife Mary Kelly who died 15th Decr. 1930. Also his daughter Elizabeth Mary Kelly who died 1st April 1937. f) Grey Abbey Graveyard:

KELLY Here lyeth the body of Bryan Kelly who dyed April ye .... 1726 aged 55 years. Here lieth the body of John Lowry late of Ballygrangey who departed this life the first of February 1831 aged 51 years. Her lieth the body of .... Kelly, wife to James Kelly who departed this life February ye 2.. 1765 aged 58 years. Also James Kelly of Kircubbin who departed this life the .. of August 1772 aged 55 years. Also Jane Wilson alias Kelly, wife to Doctor Wilson, who departed this life 29 of May 1791 aged 30 years.

KELLY Erected by John Kelly of Ballywalter, Anno Dom. 1810. And here lieth the body of his wife Margaret Kelly alias Glenn who depd. this life 8th March 1810 aged 43 year.

KELLY I.H.S. Erected by John Kelly of Greyabbey in memory of his wife Sarah Kelly alias White who departed this life 29th May 1833 aged 30 years. Also the above named John Kelly who departed this life 4tr' January 1848 aged 49 years.

KELLY (Of about 1850). I.H.S. Erected by John Kelly in memory of his daughter Cathrine aged 9 months.

KELLY Here lyeth the body of William Kelly who died May 6th 1727 aged 27 years. Also ye body of John Kelly, son to William Kelly who died Janury 4th 1748 aged 22 years. Here lieth the body of Charles Kelly leat of Ballyrar, June 11th 1808 age 55 years.

Note: The townland of Ballyrar, (Ballyrawer)- which includes the village of Carrowdore, lies in the parish of Donaghadee. g) Kilearn Graveyard: Note: This graveyard, largely used by Roman Catholics lies in the parish of Killinchy.

KELLY Here lyeth ye body of Peagy Kelly died May ye 30 1793 aged 25 years.

KELLY I.H.S. Erected by Henry Kelly of Derryboy to the memory of his grandchild John Kelly who departed this life June the 7th 1864 aged 9 years. h) Kilmood Graveyard:

KELLY Erected by Margaret Anderson of Ballybundon in memory of her father John Kelly who departed this life the 12th March 1809 aged 74 years. Also her mother Isabella Kelly who departed this life 2nd Jany. 1795 aged 55 years. Likewise her brother David Kelly who departed this life 17th Octr. 1795 aged 21 years.

i) Lisbane R.C. Graveyard: Note: This graveyard is in the parish of Ardkeen. KELLY I.H.S. Here lieth the body of Elenor Kelly alias Ward who departed this life 7th August 1830 aged 47 years. Also her husband John Kelly who departed this life the 13th March 1842 aged 82 years.

j) Templepatrick Graveyard: Note This graveyard is in the parish of Donaghadee. KELLY Erected by Mary Kelly of Ballyfrenis in the memory of her beloved husband John Kelly who died 28th November 1841 aged 32 years. Also her son William who died 23rd July 1860 aged 26 years. Also her daughter Elizabeth who died 3rd June 1875 aged 37 years. Also her son John Kelly who died 12th May 1909 aged 68 years.

KELLY Erected by Elizabeth Kelly of Donaghadee in memory of her husband John Kelly who died 7tn July 1854 aged 67 years. Also said Elizabeth Kelly who died Dec.1873 aged 68 years. k) Tullynakill Graveyard:

KELLY Erected by Samuel Kelly of Ringneil in memory of his wife Sarah Mitchell who died 11th March 1827 aged 76 years. Also the said Samuel Kelly who died 11th Nov.1836 aged 88 years. Also Eliza Kelly alias Moore, wife of his son Samuel, who died 8th June 1846 AE 27 years. Also his son John who died 11th March 1862 aged 73 years. His grandson Robert died 29tn January 1867 AE 21 years. Also his son Samuel who died 15th January 1876 aged 82 years. Also Margaret Jane Kelly, wife of Samuel Kelly, who died 14th July 1886 aged 36 years.

KELLY Erected by Alexander Kelly in memory of his father Samuel Kelly died 4th February 1864 aged 68 years. Also his mother Christina Kelly died 28th September 1878 aged 77 years. Also his sister Margaret Kelly died 22nd January 1882 aged 59 years. Also his daughter Christina 'Teenie" Kelly died 23rd July 1888 aged 22 years.

KELLY Erected by John Kelly of Ringneil in memory of his beloved daughter Mary Kelly who departed this life 2nd October 1871 aged 20 years. Also his father William Kelly who departed this life 25th February 1876 aged 77 years. Also his mother Mary Kelly who departed this life 20th November 1877 aged 75 years. Also the above named John Kelly who departed this life 4th August 1884 aged 60 years. Also his wife Annie Kelly who departed this life 18th March 1908 aged 76 years. Also his brother Malcom Kelly who departed this life 25th October 1917 aged 76 years.

KELLY Erected by David Kelly in memory of his wife Ann Kelly who died 18th August 1895 aged 49 years. George Kelly died 7th Aug. 1883 aged 11 years. Maggie Kelly died 30th Oct. 1883 aged 13 years.

123 Tullynakill (Continued)

KELLY Erected by John Kelly, Drumhirk, 1871. The above named John Kelly who departed this life 23rd June 1881 aged 89 years. Also his wife Elizabeth Kelly who departed this life 21s" Dec. 1882 aged 84 years. Here also was interred the remains of John Kelly, Ballykeigle, who departed this life 14" April 1911 aged 69 years. Also his three children who died in infancy. Also his wife Jane Kelly who departed this life 2n" November 1939 aged 95 years. Also his son James Kelly who departed this life 12th December 1946 aged 64 years. Also his son Robert Kelly who departed this life 23rd October 1948 aged 72 years. Also his son John Kelly who departed this life 31st October 1956 aged 78 years.

Note: There are also seven Jellie/Jelly memorial inscriptions in Tullynakill Graveyard, this appears to be a separate surname from Kelly. The Jellie/Jelly family were to be found in Lisbarnet, Ringneil, Ballydrain and Tullynagee. The following entry, one of the oldest is of interest.

JELLY Here lieth the body of James Jelly of Ballydrain who departed this life April the 2 th 1791 aged 68 years. Also his wife Shusan Jelly alias Kelly who departed this life August the 20"n 1801 aged 80 years. Also their son John Jelly of Comber who deprted this life 3 1820 aged 61 years. Also their son Robert Jelly of Lisbarnet who departed this life 15"" Augt. 1829 aged 74 years.

These inscriptions obviously relate to a very small number of the Kelly families resident in North County Down. The small number of families who could actually afford a headstone and the limited survival of such headstones account for the small number of such memorials. d2) Directories: Piggotts directory of 1824 mentions under the heading of shopkeepers and traders, a Charles Kelly, Publican in the town of Newtownards, see also Church Records page 107 and Wills below.

Also of interest are the Belfast and Ulster Post Office Directories for the period 1945 to 1958. From 1945 to 1958 a Charles Kelly a railway clerk was listed as residing at 13 Marquis Street. In 1958 a Charles J Kelly, a bus driver was listed as residing at 87 Circular Road, Newtownards.

d3) Wills:

In the National Archives, Dublin there are indices to Irish Wills, noted the following for the town of Newtownards:

Date Name Amount 1774 William Kelly 1826 Charles Kelly £100 1827 James Kelly £20 1840 John Kelly £23 1840 Mary Kelly £17 1862 John Kelly £20

Note: John Kelly (1862) residence was Mill Street. The beneficiary was his daughter Jane (Agnewj of Belfast.

124 I believe that the Charles Kelly who died in 1826 was the one listed as a publican in Pigotts Directory, page 124, see also Church Records (Greyabbey) page 107.

The index to wills also lists a Charles Kelly of Ballyraw, Parish of Greyabbey, (1787) and a Richard Kelly of Ballymacknegally, Parish of Dromore, (1725), see also the 1641 Rebellion, page 64. All the original wills and administrations for north County Down were destroyed in Dublin in 1922, with the exception of the Will Books for Down (1850-58) which have survived. The indexes to wills and administration bonds were not destroyed, though some were badly damaged. These indexes give the testator's address, the year of probate and occasionally his occupation.

In PRONI, Belfast a number of volumes of wills and administrations dating from 1921 are held. I have checked these wills for either a Charles or Richard Kelly, without any success. I did note a will dated 15th March 1937, No 173, referring to a Thomas J Kelly, a retired P.E. (Public Elementary) schoolteacher of 50 North Street, Newtownards. d4) Estate Records:

There are comprehensive records for Newtownards dating from the 17-h century. These records for the Londonderry Estate, are listed under the PRONI reference, D.654. Following are examples of what is available.

Lease Ref: D654/LE19/5 Nov 2ad 1724, Ballywatticock, Robert Colville to John Kelly. Lease Ref: D654/LE36A/5 July 28r-" 1726, Tenement in Greenwell St, Robert Colville to Gilbert Kelly. Map of Newtownards (cl720) : This lists a Gilbert and Robert Kelly residing in Greenwell Street. These Kellys were possibly of Scots origin.

Rent Ledger: (1329-1841) Ref D654/H3/7 These are extracts of leases by which Tenements or farms were held. B.Nol lists 362 pages for the town of Newtownards. In this rent ledger I noted the following: 4th April 1811 John Kelly Ncl04 Tenement in Mill St. 1st April 1831 James and George Kelly No 110. Tenants at Will: 1829-31 Ref D654/H3/7 A James Kelly was recorded in Newtownards.

Common Grazing: A John Kelly in 1829/1332 and a James Kelly in 1832.

Rentals: D654/R3 These Rentals for the Londonderry Estate cover Newtownards and Comber. I chose the year 1827, as it was the approximate year of my ancestor Charles Kelly's birth.

125 These rentals would have listed the tenant farmers on the Londonderry estate. I hoped I might discover a lease pertaining to Charles Kelly's father Richard.

TOWNLAND LESSEES OCCUPIER Ballybarr.is Thomas Kelly Hugh Milliken Ballyblack James Kelly James Kelly Ballycastle James Kelly James Kelly Ballycastle James Kelly Andrew Kelly Ballygrogan Thomas Kelly William Kelly Crossmuckley James Kelly John Outerson Lougheriescouse Dennis Kelly Dennis Kelly Newtownards (Mill St) John Kelly John Kelly Newtownards James Kelly As may be seen from the above, the rentals appear to list under­ tenants, i.e. occupiers, however there is no mention of a Richard Kelly in the Newtownards area in 1827 on the Londonderry•estate.

On my ancestor Charles Kelly's death certificate, his father Richard is stated to have been a farmer, this may not have been accurate. He may have been a weaver who engaged in agricultural work to supplement his wages.

Another possibility is that Richard Kelly may have been a cottier? Cottiers were individuals who rented a small piece of ground from a tenant farmer on which they grew potatoes and may have kept a milking cow. They worked an agreed number of days in the year for the farmer in lieu of rent. There were a considerable number of cottiers in Ireland during this period, they would not have been listed or. any Estate records.

In checking the Newtownards (town) rentals for 1826, I found the followina:

LESSEES OCCUPIERS Newtownards (Mill St) John Kelly John Kelly Newtownards (Francis St) John Kelly Charles Kelly

I also r.czed a section in the ledger titled, Grazing on the common of Newtownards the summer of 1826, here was listed a Charles Kelly, having 1 cow. It is possible that this Charles Kelly, was the one listed ir. Piggots 1824 directory, and the one who was buried 'in Greyabbey Parish Graveyard in 1826!

The Freeholders Register:

This gives details of copyhold leases granted for a term of two or more lives, the lease usually passing from father to son or to a close relative. On the following page are extracts from the register for the Ards Barony.

126 Freeholders Register: 1813-1821-1824 (Ref: D654/A3/1E)

Name Abode Situation of Landlord Lives Place & Dat; e Freehold of Registry

James Kelly Mount Stewart Crossnamuckley Robert Stewart & Jas H' ards 11/01/13 Kelly John Kelly Headstown Hogstown Alex'er McMinn John Kelly N'ards 18/08/14 Denis Kelly Loughriescouse Hogstown Earl Londerry Denis Kelly N'ards 17/08/15 James Keliv Ballyblack Hogstown Robert Stewart ... S Jas N'ards 17/07/15 Kelly Andrew Kelly Bangor Hogstown Robert Ward Andrew Kelly Bangor 14/08/15 Jas Kelly etc.

John Kelly Blackguarter Glastry David Boyd ... & John Greyabbey 17/03/18 Kelly...

Samuel Kelly Portavogie Glastry David Boyd ... & Sam'1 Greyabbey 17/03/18 Kelly

Samuel Kelly Ballywitticock Glastry David Kilpatrick N'ards 15/02/19 Alexander Kelly Bangor Bangor Earl of Carrick Jas Kelly, N'ards 15/02/19 £ David Ward Jane Kelly & Alex Kelly

James Kelly Roddendykes Crosnemuckley Robert Stewart 4 Jas N'ards 18/08/19 Kelly

D654/A3/1R: 1824 Ards

Alexander Kelly Bangor Bangor Earl of Carrick Jas,Jane Bangor 17/05/24 & David Ward & Alex Kelly

James Kelly Bangor Bangor Robert Ward Andrew & Bangor 17/05/24 Jas Kelly

James Kellv Ballycastle Ballycastle Marquis Vane Rob't Stewart N'ardsl0/08/24 Londonderry Cleland The Freeholders Register, listed those farmers in the Ards district who had a reasonable security of tenure, these were presumably the better cff farmers in the area.

d5) School Records: There were several national and public elementary schools in Newtownards in the mid-nineteenth century. The registers survive from the 1860's onward, these record information about each pupil, i.e. full name, age, religion, occupation of father and adcress. I checked the following schools for Kelly children:

Newtownards National School: SCH278/1/1 Girls) 1862-1880 4th May I: £8, Maggie Kelly, age 9, Frederick St, Mason, Presbyterian 5""' Jan l;c9, Jane Kelly, age 8, Whitespots, Labourer, Presbyterian 12 Apr 1S69, Jane Kelly, agel5, East St, Teacher, Presbyterian 11" Jan '0, M Kelly, age 11, Frederick St, Mason, Presbyterian

SCH278/1/2 (Boys) 1862-1885 4"- Jan l:c9, James Kelly, age 10, Whitespots, Labourer, Presbyterian 21st Apr 13 ~3, Denis Kelly, age 11, Church St, Teacher, Roman Catholic 8th Jan 1="7, Robt Gaw Kelly, age 8, Francis St, ?, Presbyterian 21st Apr 1:"3, Samuel Kelly, age 14, Ballyminstra, Tailor, Unitarian 3r" Feb IE HO, Allan C Kelly, age 9, Francis St, Grocer, Presbyterian

127 Greenwell Street, National/P.E. School, Newtownards. SCH 250/1/1 Register (Male) 1877-1900 Indexed, (No Kellys).

Castle Gardens, National/P.E. Primary School, Newtownards. SCH 19/1/ 1/1 Register (Males) 1870-1887. 6th Oct 1873, Thomas Kelly, age 10, William St, Weaver, Roman Catholic 17th May 1881, James Kelly, age 9, Mill St, Labourer, Presbyterian.

As the records above show, the school registers are too late to contain information on Charles Kelly or presumably any of his brothers or sisters. I thought them worth searching in case there should be any relatives of Charles recorded.

Of interest I feel may be the record pertaining to Thomas Kelly in Castle Gardens School. Thomas was born in 1863, which would account for him not appearing in Newtownards Catholic Register. Charles named one of his son's Thomas; it is possible this was a family name. Also Thomas's father is recorded as being a weaver, i.e. the same occupation as Charles.

An important element of family history research is oral tradition, i.e. family stories. A cousin, Richard (Dick) Kelly of Cumnock, Ayrshire (b.1936), told me that his father Thomas (b.1910) , was a skilled violin player. Thomas's violin previously belonged to Richard Kelly (b.i858) who was Dick's grandfather. Dick informed me that the violin came from Ireland and at one time belonged to a Thomas Kelly known as the mad fiddler! The violin is now in the hands of Richard's sister, Mrs Ann Nelson.

Whilst on the subject of music, I also learned from Dick of his cousin Charlie Kelly (b.1922), who was a champion Irish dancer in Glasgow. Charlie ran his own school of dancing, i.e. the Kelly School of Irish Dancing during the 1950's and 1960's.

The final genealogical source I will discuss is important in that it may be described as the interface between manuscript records and computer generated data. d6) Jnternatlonal Genealogical Index:

This index commonly known as the IGI has been produced by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, commonly known as the Mormons. It is available on both microfiche and on the Mormon church's "Family Search" database, which is available in the churches family history centres on CD-ROM.

The IGI is an alphabetical by surname, index to births or christenings and marriages of individuals and the latest Irish edition 1993 has been compiled on a county basis. It's source material consists of church records and statutory records.

Not all churches have co-operated in supplying their registers and for the Irish section in particular it is not in any way comprehensive. However it is still well worth consulting on the chance that a sought after baptism or marriage may be present.

128 If an entry of interest is located, then reference should be made to the source document, e.g. parish register to verify the information and also to extract the full text. Here are examples of three County Down entries recording Kellys.

1) Richard Hamilton Kelly born 10th October 1830 at Loughrans, Tullylish County Down; parents:Charles Kelly and Eliza ?.

2) Charles Kelly born 2nd November 1863 at Dromore, County Down; parents:John Kelly and Margaret Hunt.

3) Richard Kelly born 8th September 1820 at Boardmills Presbyterian Church County Down; parents: George H Kelly and Mary Alerdice.

Note: Richard Kelly married 1853, l'1 Presbyterian Church Newtownards see page 97; also see page 110 Boardmills Presbyterian Church for his baptismal entry and page 112 for his death.

It is worth noting that the IGI is not only capable of providing information on individual family members. It is also, like both Griffiths and the Tithe Books, a useful method whereby a broad geographical pattern may be determined of, e.g. the location of a particular surname at a parish level.

The computerisation of genealogical information will be a great boon to family historians of the future it will lead to dramatic savings in time and expense and make available large volumes of data at the press of a few keys. The Irish Genealogical Project is one example of such computerisation.

The I.G.P. aims to computerise all surviving genealogical sources for the island of Ireland. Each county has a designated Heritage Centre at which, Church registers, valuation records, graveyard inscriptions and surviving census returns will all be transcribed and indexed on computerised databases. However this project is a commercial enterprise and as such fees will be payable for a search of the relevant records!

e) Research Conclusions:

As may be gathered from the preceding text, a substantial amount of research was undertaken into a variety of genealogical sources for evidence of the family of my ancestor Charles Kelly of Newtownards.

Unfortunately with the absence of the 19th century census returns and the comparatively late starting dates of the church records, particularly the Roman Catholic Parish Register, it is not really surprising that little progress was made.

As the evidence reveals, a considerable number of Kelly's were uncovered in the north Down area. Unfortunately due to a lack of hard facts I can not prove a relationship of any of those Kelly's to my own family. Having said that, I do not consider my research into Irish sources to have been in vain.

A broad overview of the appearance of a surname, even one as common as Kelly, in a given area is worthy of study in its own right. It is always possible that at some future date previously unknown genealogical material may surface which links individuals into family groups. 129 Throughout my research I worked on two basic assumptions, first that my ancestors, Richard Kelly and Elizabeth Brannigan's parish of origin was Newtownards. This as I stated earlier, was due to the fact that my great great grandfather, Charles Kelly was born in Newtownards.

As any family historian would agree, this does not necessarily mean that the family originated in the parish of Newtownards. They may merely have been located in the vicinity temporarily at the time of Charles's birth while his father was employed locally.

The presence in Newtownards through the 1860's till 1880's of Mary Kelly, wife of Angus McDonald who may well have been a sister of Charles, indicate to me the possibility of my Kelly family as having been settled in the town for quite some time. However, even if the family did settle in Newtownards after Charles birth they may have previously lived in a different parish altogether or indeed in a different county!

My use of a county, i.e. Down as the basis for my research is due to its function as an administrative division in Ireland. The county has become almost a natural unit as regards research purposes. Records including, e.g. Griffiths Valuation and the Tithe Applotment Books are conveniently listed by county name.

However it should be remembered that neighbouring counties such as Antrim, Armagh and Louth also contained large numbers of Kelly's. Of particular note is the City of Belfast which although lying within the boundaries of County Antrim, would undoubtedly have attracted many migrants from its hinterland, including no doubt many Kelly's from county Down!

My second assumption was that Richard Kelly and Elizabeth Brannigan his spouse were Roman Catholics. I feel this was a fair working hypothesis. As I stated in Section 1, i.e. "Scottish Research", Charles Kelly raised his children in the Catholic faith, although his wife Isabella Johnston was Church of Ireland. There are also the baptismal entries for the children of Mary Kelly in St. Patricks Register. As I mentioned on page 93, given the Christian names of her children, it is possible that Mary was a sister of Charles.

On the other hand, it may be that Richard Kelly, i.e. Charles's father, was Protestant whilst his mother, Elizabeth Brannigan was Catholic and that Charles and Mary were raised in their mother's religious beliefs. As I have described in this history, the majority of Kelly's in north Down, i.e. the Newtownards district appears to have been Protestants.

Considering that Catholics were a small minority in Newtownards in the early 19th century I feel it unlikely that the children of a mixed marriage would have been brought up as Catholics. Prior to the Catholic Church's Ne Temere decree of 1904, it was commonplace in mixed marriages for sons to be brought up in the father's faith and daughters to be brought up in the mother's faith. I feel therefore, that on the grounds of probability, Richard Kelly was a Catholic of native Irish origin.

130 To proceed further with my personal research into the family origins of Richard Kelly and Elisabeth Brannigan, discovering their marriage, which presumably occurred in the bride's parish, might help somewhat. However, there is a large question mark over the survival of such a record. Most Catholic parish registers only date from the 1830's.

The surname Brannigan is not common in County Down, e.g. in the Griffith's Valuation of 1864 there were only 3 Brannigan properties listed in the Baronies of Lecale, Lower and Upper and the Barony of Iveagh Upper, Lower half.

I believe that I have exhausted all the available genealogical records for the Newtownards area, in my research into my Kelly ancestry. The nature of family history/genealogical research means however that one should never ignore the prospect of new information becoming available at a future date!

131 Bibliography:

In the course of my research and whilst constructing this history, I made use of several excellent books of a historical and genealogical nature.

Genealogical: James Alwyn, Scottish Roots; Macdonald Publishers 1981. Grenham John, Tracing lour Irish Ancestors; Gill and MacMillan 1982. Maxwell Ian, Tracing Your Ancestors in Northern Ireland; The Stationery Office 1997.

Historical: Black, Surnames of Scotland; New York Blaney R, Presbyterians & the Irish Language; Ulster Historical Foundation 1996. Brady, 0'Dowd & Walker, Ulster (An Illustrated History); Batsford 1989. Crawford, History & Legends of the Carlingford District; 1913. Gillespie R, Colonial Ulster (The Settlement of East Ulster 1600-1641); Cork University Press 1985 Harris, The Ancient fi Present State of the County of Down; Dublin 1744. Hill, An Historical Account of the MacDonnells of Antrim; Belfast 1873. Knox, History of the County of Down; Dublin 1875. Lorimer, W.L., The Persistence of Gaelic in Galloway and Carrick 1947, Scottish Gaelic Studies Vol.Vll (1953) Mathews T, The O'Neills of Ulster. McCavery Trevor, Newtown (A History of Newtownards); White Row Press, 1994. Ordnance Survey Memoirs of Ireland, Parishes of County Down Vol.7 (North Down S The Ards)The Institute of Irish Studies, Belfast 1991. O'Brien Michael, A Hidden Phase of American History. 0'Laverty J, History of the Diocese of Down and Connor; Dublin 1880. Perceval-Maxwell M, The Scottish Migration to Ulster in the Reign of James 1; Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd 1973. Robinson Philip, The Plantation of Ulster; The Ulster Historical Foundation 1994 Stevenson John, Two Centuries of Life in Down(1600-1800); White Row Press Ltd, Belfast 1990

Charles Kelly (BA Hons) "Westbrae" 26 Craigie Avenue Ayr KA8 0EH Scotland.

132 APPENDIX 1 COUNTY DOWN TITHE RFCOI

Surname Firstnume Parish Town-and Kcliv John Aghaderg Scarvagh Kelly David Aghaderg Ballynaskeagh Kelly John Aghaderg Scarvagh Kellv John Aghaderg Shankliill Kcllv Francis Aghaderg Lisnahreague Kellv Philip Annaclone Glebe Keilv Bernard Annaclone Lisnasliggan Kellv Widow Ardglass Ardglass Kellv Edward Ardglass Conev Island Kellv John Jun. Ardglass English Ardtole Kellv James Bailee Ballvallen Kellv William Bailee Ballvallen Keilv Samuel Ballyhalberl (St Andrews) Portavogie Kellv Widow Clonallan Bavan Kellv Michael Clonallan Aughnamoira Kellv Peter Clonallan Burren Kellv Widow Clonallan Burren y Kellv Hugh Clonallan Cabra Kellv Michael Clonallan Cabra Kellv Peter Clonallan Carmeen Kellv Peter Clonallan Carmeen Kellv Roger Clonallan Lurgancanty Kelh Neil Clonallan Miltown Kellv Daniel Clonallan Ringmacilroy Kellv Peter Clonallan Aughnagun Keilv Daniel Clonallan Aughnagun Kellv Owen Clonduff Mullaghmore Kellv Daniel Clonduff Slang Kellv Daniel Clonduff Stang Kellv Daniel Clonduff Stang Kellv Patrick Clonduff Ballywilly Kellv James Clonduff Drumbanue Kellv James Clonduff Drumbanue Kcllv Patrick Clonduff Island Moval Kellv Patrick Clonduff Island Moval Kellv Edward Clonduff Ballygorianbeg Kellv Peter Clonduff Cleomack Kellv Owen Clonduff Cleomack Kellv James Clonduff Drumbanue Kellv Owen Clonduff Cleomack Kellv Patrick Clonduff Mullaghmore Kellv Widow Clonduff Leirrim Kellv Patrick Clonduff Lei trim Kellv Owen Clonduff Cleomack Kellv Samuel Comber Ballygowan Kellv Revd William Donaghadee Donaghadee Kellv Revd William Donaghadee Donaghadee Kellv Revd William Donaghadee Donaghadee Kellv James Donaghadee Donaghadee Kellv .James Donaghadee Donaghadee

Page ! Surname Firstname Parish Townland Kellv James Donaghadee Donaghadee Kellv James Donaghadee Donaghadee Kellv James Donaghadee Donaghadee Kellv John Donaghadee Hogstown Kellv Patrick Down Demesne Of Down Kellv John Down Demesne Of Down Kellv Mrs Down Demesne Of Down Kellv George Down Demesne Of Down Keilv Patrick Down Ballvstrew Kellv Neal Dromara Dree Kellv Hugh Dromara Guiness Kellv Christy Dromara Guiness Kellv John Dromara Drumkera Kellv Daniel Dromara Lower Movbrick Kellv Patrick Dromara Finnis Kellv Bernard Dromara Finnis Kellv Widow Henrv Dromara Finnis Kellv Daniel Dromara Finnis Kellv Patrick Dromara Guiness Keilv Bernard Dromara Guiness Kellv Hugh Dromara Dree Kellv Widow John Dromara Aughnaskeagh Kellv James Dromara Aughnaskeagh Kellv Widow John Dromara Artana Kellv Mathew Dromara Artana Keilv William Dromara Guiness Kellv Jamv Dromara Dree Keilv Mr William Dromore Tullindonev Kellv Mrs Dromore Ballysallagh Kellv Samuel Dromore Ballysallagh Kellv John Dromore Ballysallagh Keilv Guv Dromore Leapoks Kellv John Drumbeg Clougher Keilv Henrv Drumbeg Craigacroy Kellv James Drumbeg Clougher Kellv William Drumbeg Ballvmacbrennan Kellv Robert Drumgath Ballvdoo Kellv William iDrumgath Ballvdoo Kellv Marv Drumgooland Ballymagenahy Kellv James IDrumgooland Ballymagreehan Keilv Charles Drumgooland Ballymagreehan Kellv Stephen Drumgooland Ballymagreehan Kellv Man Drumgooland Ballymagrehan Kelly Patrick IDrumgooland Magheramayo Keilv Oliver Garvaghy Garvaghy Kellv Henrv Garvaghy Shanrod Kellv Joseph Garvaghv Shanrod Kellv Joseph Garvaghy Shanrod Kellv Gilbert Garvaghy Carnew Keilv James Garvaghy Enogh

Pag* 2 APPENDIX 1 COUNTY DOWN TITHE RECORI

Surname Firstname Parish Townland Kellv Henrv Garvaghy Shanrod Kellv William Grey Abbey Ballvbrian Kellv William Hillsborough Aughandunverran Kellv Patrick Inishargy Glastry Kellv John Inishargy Glastry Kellv Pollv Kilbronev Rostrevor Kellv Peter Kilbronev Kilfeaghan Kellv Pefrer Kilbronev Kilfeaghan Keilv Peter Kilbronev Kilfeaghan Kellv Patrick Kilbronev Ballaghally Kellv Patrick Kilbronev Ballaghally Kellv Charles Kilbronev Ballaghally Kellv Owen Kilbronev Ballaghally Kellv Daniel Kilcoo Arriaghey Kellv Edward (Yellow) Kilcoo Fofany Reigh Kellv Dennis Kilcoo Fofanv Bawn Kellv Cormick Kilcoo Movad Kellv Patrick Kilcoo Moyad Kellv James Kilcoo Moneysculj) Kellv Peter Kilcoo Fofany Reigh Kcllv Catherine Kilcoo Fofanv Bawn Kellv Edward Kilcoo Ballvmonev Kellv John Kilcoo Dromena Kellv Owen Kilcoo Fofany Reigh Kellv Cromwel Kilcoo Dromena Keilv Owen Kilcoo Fofanv Bawn Kcllv Owen Kilcoo Dromena Keih Arthur Kilcoo iDromena Kellv Daniel Kilcoo Fofanv Bawn Kellv Bryan Kilcoo Fofany Bawn Kellv John Kilkeel Corcreighan & Drummo Kellv Edward Kilkeel IDrumcrow Kellv John Kilkeel Dunavill Kellv John Kilkeel IDunavin Kellv William Kilkeel Glenloughan Kellv Michael Kilkeel iAughnaloopy Kellv Edward Killinchv Ravara Kellv Edward Killinchv Drumreagh Kellv Edward Killinchv Carrickmannon Kellv Henry KiUyleagh Derraboy Kellv William Kilmegan Aughlisnalln Kellv David Kilmegan Aughlisnafin Kellv Jno Kilmegan Aughlisnafin Kellv Arthur Kilmegan IBallybannon Kellv Patrick Kilmegan iClonvarraghan Kellv Hugh Kilmegan Clonvarraghan Keilv David Kiimood Drumhirk Kellv David Kilmood Drumhirk Kellv Patrick Kilmore Creewearnonan Kellv Patrick Kilmore Tvconnet

Page 3 APPENDIX 1 UUUm* UUVVrS 111HEKEUUKD5

Surname Firstname Parish Townland Kellv John Kilmore Tvconnet Kellv James Kilmore Tvconnet Kellv Patrick Kilmore Murvagh Clogher Kellv James Kilmore Drumnaconagher Kellv Thomas Kilmore D runinacona gher Kellv Alexander Kilmore Crossgar Kellv Bernard Kilmore Drumnaconagher Kellev Widow Knockbreda Ballymaconaghy Kellv John Lambeg Lisnatrunk Kellv William Lambeg Tulnacross Kellv Widow Lambeg Tulnacross Kellv William Loughinisland Seaforde Kellv Dennis Loughinisland Sevaghan Kellv Michael Loughinisland Dinanew Kellv Bernard Maghera Ballylaughlin Kellv Bernard Maghera Ballvlaughlin Kellv Edward Maghera Tollvmore Kellv Jno & Owen Magheradrool Drumsnade Kellv Henrv Magheradrool Upper Ballykine Kellv Henrv Magheradrool Upper Ballykine Kellv Henrv Magheradrool Upper Ballykine Keilv C har les Magheradrool Lower Ballvkine Kellv Charles Magheradrool Lower Ballvkine Kellv Charles Magheradrool Lower Ballvkine Kellv James Magheradrool Little Ballvlone Kellv Jno & Owen Magheradrool Drumsnade Kellv Jno & Owen Magheradrool Drumsnade Kellv Samuel Magheradrool Big Ballvlone Kellv Samuel Magheradrool Big Ballvlone Kcllv Samuel Magheradrool Big Ballvlone Kellv Samuel Magheradrool Big Ballvlone Kellv James Magheradrool Little Ballvlone Kelh Owen Magheralin Taughiomny Kellv Thomas Moira Taughlumney Kcllv Bernard ' Vloira Resk Kellv Edward iSaintfield Ballvmacramerv Keilv John Saintfield Lisowan Kellv Charles ! Saintfield Lisowan Kellv Hugh & James Seapatrick Benraw Kellv Robert & Hugh Seapafrick Benraw Kellv Hugh & Robert Seapatrick Benraw Kellv James & Hugh Seapafrick Benraw Kellv Marv Seapafrick Bally magenahy Kellv John i Shankill Cornikinigar Kellv Hugh Shankill Tanaghmorc South Kellv Edward Shankill Tanaghmore South Kellv Beftv Shankill Tanaghmore South Kellv James Shankill Lurgan Town Kellv Michael Shankill Liscorran Kelly James Shankill Knockneshane

Page 4 APPENDIX 1 COUNTY DOWN TITHE RECO.

Surname Firstname Parish Townland Kellv Edward Shankill Cornikinigar Kellv William Tullvlish Bally dougan Kellv jRobert Tullynakill Tullvnakill Kellv iRobert Tullvnakill Ballvdrain Kellv Samuel Tullynakill Ballvmartin Kellv Samuel Tullvnakill Ringneil Kellv William Tullvnakill Ringneil Kellv Robert Tullvnakill Ringneil Kellv Robert Junior Tullvnakill Ringneii Kellv John & William Tullvnakill Tullvnakill Kellv Robert Tullvnakill Ringneil Kellv David Tullvnakill Tullynakill

y

Page 5 APPENDIX 2 COUNTY DOWN GRIFFITHS

Surname Firstname Parish Townland Kelly Francis Aghaderg Lisnatierney Kelly- William Aghaderg Ballynaskeagh Kelly Francis Aghaderg Glenloughan Kelly Henry Aghaderg Glenloughan Kelly Henry Aghaderg Village of Scarva Kelly James Aghaderg Balhnarlev Kelly Francis Aghaderg Lisnatierney Kelly Bernard Annaclone Lisnasliggan Kelly John Annahilt Glebe Kelly Patrick Ardglass Ardtole Kelly- Mathew Ardglass Town (Kildare St) Kelly Patrick Ardglass Town (Kildare St) Kelly William Ardglass Coney Island Kelly Elizabeth Ardglass Ardtole Kelly- Bernard Ardglass Ardtole Kelly William Ardglass Coney Island Kelly James Ardkeen Kirkistown Kelly- William Bailee Ballvbrannagh Lower Kelly Hugh Bailee Ballyalton Kelly John Bailee Ballvalton Kelly Mary Ballyhalbert Glastry Kelly- Robert Ballyhalbert (St Andrews) Ballyhalbert Village Kelly John Ballykinler Ballykinler Lower Kelly John Ballykinler Ballykinler Lower Kelly- Robert Ballyphilip Portaferry (High St) Kelly James Ballyphilip Portaferry (Back Lane) Kelly Elizabeth Ballvtrustan Corrog Kelly Anne Bangor Ballyfree Kelly (Thomas Bangor Cotton Kelly (Eliza Bangor Groomspori (Main St) Kelly John Blaris Largymore Kelly IPhoebe Blaris Lisburn (Bridge End Hill) Kelly James Bright Erenagh Kelly James Clonallan Carrickcrossan Kelly Eliza IClonallan Carrogs Kellv |Rose (Clonallan Croan Kelly John (Clonallan Carrickcrossan Kelly (Patrick (Clonallan Cabragh Kelly IMichael IClonallan Cabragh Kelly (Patrick (Clonallan Carrickcrossan Kelly Thomas iClonduff Cleomack Kelly Mary (Clonduff Stang Kelly William (Clonduff Mullaghmore Kellv Owen iClonduff Mullaghmore Kelly (Owen iClonduff Mullaghmore Kelly John IClonduff Mullaghmore Kellv John IClonduff Mullaghmore Kelly (Felix Clonduff Mullaghmore Kelly {Susan Clonduff ICarcullion (Hilltown) Kelly iPatrick Clonduff Stang

Page 1 APPENDIX Z CUUIN1Y DUVVIN UKUTF1THS

Surname Firstname Parish Townland Kelly- Peter Clonduff Cleomack Kelly Alice Clonduff Stang Kelly- James Clonduff Drumbonniff Kelly Michael Clonduff Drumbonniff Kelly- John Clonduff Kinghill Kelly Bridget Clonduff Leitrim Kelly- James Clonduff Leitrim Kelly Owen Clonduff Cleomack Kelly- James Comber Magherascouse Kelly George Comber Town (High St) Kelly Sarah Comber Town (High St) Kelly- George Comber Town (Mill St) Kelly Samuel Comber Ballygowan Kellv Jane Donaghcloney Tullyherron Kelly Mary- Donaghcloney Ballygunaghan Kelly Jane Donaghmore Ballyblaugh Kelly- John Down Downpatrick (John St) Kelly Rose Down Downpatrick (Scotch St) Kelly Matthew- Down Downpatrick (Barn St) Kelly Isabella Down Downpatrick (Saul St) Kelly- John Down Ballystrew Kelly Bernard Dromara Moybrick Upper Kelly Daniel Dromara Finnis Kelly- Daniel Dromara Finnis Kelly Hugh Dromara Moybrick Upper Kelly- Isabella Dromara Dree Kelly Bernard Dromara Finnis Kelly Catherine Dromore IslandDerry Kelly Samuel Dromore Tullyglush Kelly- James Dromore Lappoges Kelly William Dromore Edentrillick Kelly- John Dromore Town (Rampart St) Kelly William Dromore Ballysallagh Kelly- John Dromore Tullyglush Kelly John Dromore Tullindoney Kelly- William Dromore Tullindoney Kelly John Dromore Town (Meeting St) Kelly John Drumballyroney Rathfriland (Downpatrick St) Kelly- William Drumballyroney Rathfriland (Castle St) Kelly John Drumbeg Clogher Kelly- Thomas Drumbeg Clogher Kelly Thomas Drumbeg Clogher Kelly- Thomas Drumbeg Cargacroy Kelly Grissy Drumgath Drumlough Kelly William Druingath Ballydoo Kelly Nicholas Drumgath Rathfryland (Newry St) Kelly John Druingath Barnmeen Kelly Catherine Drumgooland Magheramayo Kelly- Samuel Drumgooland Benraw Kelly John Drumgooland Slieveenaboley

Page 2 APPENDIX 2 COUNTY7 DOWN GRIFFITHS

Surname Firstname Parish Town Kind Keilv Felix (Drumgooland Deehommed Kelly- James iDrumgooland Deehommed Kelly Daniel (Drumgooland Ballymaginaghy Kelly- John Drumgooland Backaderry Kelly James Drumgooland Leitrim Kelly- William Drumgooland Leganannv Kelly Peter Drumgooland Legananny Kelly- Edward Drumgooland Legananny Kelly Anne Drumgooland Legananny Kelly- Robert Drumgooland Benraw Kelly Mary- Drumgooland Benraw Keliy David Drumgooland Benraw Kelly Melvin Drumgooland Benraw Kelly Hugh Drumgooland Benraw Kelly James Drumgooland Magheramayo Kelly- John Drumgooland Ballymagreehan Kelly James Drumgooland Ballymagreehan Kelly Arthur Drumgooland Ballymagreehan Kelly- Anne Drumgooland Ballymagreehan Kelly Reps (Hugh) Drumgooland Magheramayo Kelly John Dunsfort Ringawaddy Kelly John Garvaghy Shanrod Kelly- William Garvagliy Carnew Kelly Gilbert Garvaghy Carnew Kelly- (Hugh Garvaghy Shanrod Kelly Gilbert Garvaghy Carnew Kelly- (Michael B Hillsborough Town (Main St) Kelly Joseph Hillsborough Aghandunvarran Kelly- 'Thomas Holywood Strandtown Kelly Hugh Holywood Town (Church View) Kelly (Thomas Holywood Town (Grays Court) Kelly- [Thomas Holywood Strandtown Kelly [Thomas Holywood Ballyhackamore Kelly- Andrew Holy-wood Town (Shore St) Kelly James Inch Turmennan Kellv (John Inch Magheracranmoney Kelly- (Elizabeth Inch Bally gaily Kelly Alice Inch Turmennan Kelly- Stephen Kilbronev Ballyagholy Kelly Patrick Kilbronev Ballyagholy Kelly- IPeter Kilbronev Ballintur Kelly Owen Kilbronev Ballyagholy Kelly Alice Kilclief Kilclief Kelly- (Edward Kilcoo Tullynasoo Kelly (Charles Kilcoo Moyad Kelly 'Patrick Kilcoo FofannyTeagh Kellv Mary Kilcoo Burrenreagh Kelly- iRose Kilcoo (Fofannyreagh Kelly Brvan Kilcoo jFofannyreagh Kelly Patrick Kilcoo iFofannybane

Page 3 APPENDIX 2 COUNTY DOWN GRIFFITHS

Surname Firstname Parish Townland Kelly- Mary- Kilcoo Fofannybane Kelly Denis Kilcoo Fofannybane Kellv Brvan Kilcoo Fofannybane Kelly- John Kilcoo Tullynasoo Kelly John Kilcoo Ballymoney Kellv Edward Kilcoo Ballymoney Kellv Cormick Kilcoo Ballymoney Kellv John Kilcoo Ardaghy Kellv John Kilcoo Slievenalargy Kellv John Kilcoo Slievenalargy Kellv Bernard Kilcoo Drumena Kellv Owen Kilcoo Drumena Kelly Patrick Kilcoo Moyad Kellv Patrick Kilcoo Aghacullion Kelly- Bernard Kilcoo Drumena Kelly John Kilcoo Newcastle (Shore Rd) Kelly Bernard Kilcoo Burrenbane Kelly- Hugh Kilkeel Guineways Kelly Bernard Kilkeel Dunnaval Kelly Bridget Kilkeel Dunnaval Kelly- John Kilkeel Magheramurphy Kelly Olivia Killinchv Carrickmannan Kelly- John Killinchy Ballydorn Kelly George Killinchv Carrickmannan Kellv Neal Killinchv Ballvmacashen Kelly- Hannah Killinchy Balloo Kelly John Killinchy Ballydorn Kelly Neal Killinchy Ballymacashen Kelly- Robert Killinchy Ravara Kelly Patrick Killyleagh Killinchy in the Woods Kelly- James Killyleagh Tullyveery (Village of Shrig ey) Kelly Henry- Killyleagh Derryboy Kelly James Kilmegan Castlewellan Kelly John Kilmegan Ballywillwill Kelly Bridget Kilmegan Ballylough Kelly- Catherine Kilmegan Ballylough Kelly Patrick Kilmegan Aghlasnafin Kelly- Patrick Kilmegan Ballvbannan Kelly Bernard Kilmegan Ballvbannan Kelly- Hamilton Kilmegan Dundrum Kelly Daniel Kilmegan Castlewellan Kelly Charles Kilmegan Castlewellan Kelly- Hugh Kilmegan Slievenisky Kelly William Kilmegan Clonvaraghan Kelly Charles Kilmegan Clonvaraghan Kelly- Hugh Kilmegan Ballywillwill Kelly John Kilmegan Clonvaraghan Kelly John Kilmood Drumhirk Kellv Margaret Kilmood Ballyministragh Kelly Henry- Kilmood Ballyministragh

Page 4 APPENDIX 2 COUNTY DOWN GRIFFITHS

Surname Firstname Parish Townland Kelly- Thomas Kilmore Drumnaconagher Kelly Patrick Kilmore Drumaghlis Kelly- James Kilmore Teconnaught Kelly James Kilmore Creevycarnonan Kelly Bernard Kilmore Crossgar (Killyleagh St) Kelly John Kilmore Teconnaught Kelly- Edward Kilmore Drumnaconagher Kelly Eliza Knockbreda Ballymacarret McMillan's Lane Kelly- Edward Knockbreda Newtownbreda Kelly John Knockbreda Ballymaconaghy Kelly- John Knockbreda Ballynafoy- Ballynafoy Rd Kelly James Knockbreda Ballymacarret Mount Pottinger Rd Kelly Wiliam Knockbreda Ballymacarret Lagan Bridge Rd Kelly- Samuel Knockbreda Ballymacarret Lagan Bridge Rd Kelly James Knockbreda Ballymacarret Greenfields Bldgs Kelly- Andrew Knockbreda Ballymacarret Paved Rd Kelly George Knockbreda Ballymacarret Club Row Lane Kelly- Patrick Knockbreda Ballymacarret McCracken's Court Kelly Samuel Knockbreda Ballymacarret Coal Exchange Kelly- Samuel Knockbreda Ballymacarret Coal Exchange Kelly James Knockbreda Ballymacarret Bridge End Kelly- William Knockreda Gilnahirk Kelly William Lambeg Ballyskeagh Kelly Hugh Loughinisland Knocksticken Kellv Elizabeth Loughinisland Dunnanew Kelly James Maghera Carnacavill Kelly- Michael Maghera Tollymore Kelly William Magheradrool Glasdrumman Kelly- IHenry Magheradrool Ballykine Upper Kelly iCornelius Magheradrool Ballynahinch Kelly Nicholas Magheradrool Ballymaglave North Kelly- iNicholas Magheradrool Ballymacarn-North Kelly Sarah Magheradrool Drumsnade Kelly- jMargaret Magheradrool Drumsnade Kelly John Magheradrool Drumsnade Kellv Christopher Magherahamlet Guiness Kelly- IDavid Magherahamlet Guiness Kelly Owen Magherahamlet Guiness Kelly- IPatrick Magherahamlet Guiness Kelly William Magherahamlet Guiness Kelly Bernard Magherahamlet Guiness Kellv (Edward Magheralin Ballymacateer Kelly- Patrick Magheralin Taughlumny Kelly John Moira Town Kelly (Felix Moira Town Kellv John Moira Tullyard Kellv Edward Moira Ballyinagaraghan Kellv (Sarah Moira Carnalbanagh East Keilv iRobert (Newry Town Pound Street Kelly John Newry Town Stream Street

Page 5 AffDji\UlA.i LUU111I UUVV1> VjKJP r 11 Xld

Surname Firstname Parish Townland Kelly- Patrick Newry Town James Street Kelly Stephen Newry Town Church Street Kellv Daniel Newry Town High Street Kelly Ellen Newry Town High Street Kelly Patrick Newry Town Lower North Street Kelly Patrick Newry Town High Street Kelly- James Newry Town Lower Water Street Kelly John Newry Town William Street Kelly John Newry Town William Street Kelly Catherine Newry Town Upper Chapel Street Kelly Edward Newry Carnmeen Kellv Francis Newry Crobane Kellv Michael Newry Town High Street Kellv Michael Newry Greenan Kelly- Rose Newry Crobane Kelly James Newry Desert Kelly- Michael Newry Town Stream Street Kelly Hugh Newry Ouley Kelly- Patrick Newry Town Lindsay's Hill Kelly Terence Newry Grenan Kelly- Henry- N e wry- Carnmeen Kelly Francis New ry Ballynacraig Kelly- Robert Newry Ballynacraig Kelly Joseph Newry Ballynacraig Kelly- Matthew Newry Town Moores Lane Kelly James Newry Town Market Street Kelly Patrick Newry Town Lindsay's Hill Kelly William Newry Edenmore Kelly- Isabella Newtownards Town Little Francis Street Kelly William Newtownards Town Little Francis Street Kelly Eliz Newtownards Town High Street Kelly- John Newtownards Drumkirk Kelly James Newtownards Drumawky Kelly- John Newtownards Town South Street Kelly John Newtownards Town Movilla Street Kelly William Newtownards Town South Street Kelly- Sarah Newtownards Town North Street Kelly William Newtownards Town Back Shuttle Field Kelly James Newtownards Town East Street Kelly- John Newtownards Town Mill Street Kelly James Newtownards Town James Street Kelly James Newtownards Tullynagardy Kelly- John Newtownards Town Charles Street Kelly William Newtownards Town Back Shuttle Field Kelly- Richard Newtownards Town Henry Street Kelly John Newtownards Town Mill Street Kelly- Michael Rathmullan Ballylucas Kelly William Saintfield Town Downpatrick Street Kellv Patrick Saintfield Town Main Street Kelly Joseph Saintfield Ballymacaramery

Page 6 APPENDIX 2 COUNTY7 DOWN GRIFFITHS

Surname Firstname Parish Townland Kelly Jane Saintfield Ballymacaramery Kelly- William Saul Ballintogher Kelly William Saul Lis boy Kelly- Hugh Seapatrick Tullvear Kelly Hugh Seapatrick Banbridge Town Kelly- Rose Seapatrick Balleew Kelly John Shankill Kilmore Kelly Henry- Tullylish Bleary Kelly- James Tullylish Kernan Upper Kelly William Tullylish Gilford High Street Kelly- Henry- Tullylish Ballvdugan Kelly James Tullylish Gilford Bannview Court Kelly- James Tullylish Clare Kelly Henry- Tullylish Drumnascamph Kelly Stephen Tullylish Bleary- Kelly- Bernard Tullylish Gilford Castle Hill Kelly Rachel Tullylish Knocknagore Kelly- William Tullylish Bleary Kelly Samuel Tullvnakill Ringneill Kelly Robert Tullynakill Ringneill Kelly John Tullynakill Ringneill Kelly Samuel Tullynakill Ballydrain Kelly Robert Tullynakill Ballydrain Kelly- William Tullynakill Ringneill Kelly John Warrenpoint Town Duke Street Kelly- Charles Warrenpoint Town Peter Street Kelly Peter Warrenpoint Town Duke Street Kelly- John Warrenpoint Town McConville's Row Kelly John Warrenpoint Dromore Kelly Charles Warrenpoint Town Havelock Place

Page 7 Appendix 3 1901 Census of Newtownards Parish

COUNTY DOWN Parish of Newtownards Address Name & Surname Relation to Religious Education Age Rank. Marital State . Where Bom Head of Profession Profession or Family Occupation Ann Street John Kelly Head Roman Catholic R&W 22 Railway Porter Married County Down Mary Kelly Wife Roman Catholic R&W 24 ••• '- - '.• "ti" Married Scotland Mary Kelly Daughter Roman Catholic 1 , iuiji-.Ui ;..-..• County Down

Castle Street Elizabeth J. Kelly Head Presbyterian R&W 45 Embroiderer Single County Down Mary A. Kelly Daughter Presbyterian R&W 15 Hosiery Trimmer Single County Down Agnes Mc. Kelly Daughter Presbyterian Read Only 6 Scholar CountvDown ,..•-•- •„•...' Conway Square James Miskelly Head Presbyterian R&W 43 Plumber Married County Down Martha Miskelly Wife Presbyterian R&W 40 Housework Married County Down Thomas Miskelly Son Presbyterian R&W 15 Scholar Single County Down Ellen Miskelly Daughter Presbyterian R&W 11 Scholar Single " County Down

Francis Street Allan Carson Kelly Head Presbyterian R&W 30 Grocer & Merchant Married Newtownards Maggie Kelly Wife Presbyterian R&W 22 Married Derry - Limavady • - • Norman Roe Kelly Son Presbyterian 9mth Newtownards

Francis Street Samuel Kelly Head Presbyterian R&W 34 Hay Merchant Married County Down Sarah Kelly Wife Presbyterian R&W 30 Married County Down Lily Kelly Daughter Presbyterian 5 ...,,-JL County Down

James Kelly Son Presbyterian ' • •' 2 County Down

Francis Street Samuel C. Kelly Head Presbylerian R&W 54 Grocer Married County Antrim Margaret Kelly Wife Presbyterian R&W 59 Grocers Wife Married County Down John Samuel Kelly Son Presbyterian R&W 28 Grocers Son Single County Down Minnie G Kelly Daughter Presbyterian R&W 25 Grocers Daughter Single County Down James D Kelly Son Presbyterian R&W 23 Grocers Son Single County Down : William G Kelly Son Presbyterian R&W 18 Linen Business Single County Down Elener Kelly Daughter Presbyterian R&W 16 Grocers Daughter Single County Down David M. Kelly Son Presbyterian R&W 14 Scholar County Down Agnes M. Kelly Daughter Presbyterian R&W 12 Scholar County Down Appendix 3 1901 Census of Newtownards Parish

COUNTY DOWN Parish of Newtownards Address Name & Surname Relation to Religious Education Age Rank Marital State Where Bom Head of Profession Profession or Family V Occupation Greenwell Street Alexander Kelly Head Methodist R&W 44 Wool Weaver Married County Down Eliza Jane Kelly Wife Methodist Cannot Read 43 Winder Married County Down Mary Kelly Daughter Methodist R&W 18 Twister Single County Down Sarah Kelly Daughter Methodist R&W 16 Winder Single County Down Isabels Kelly Daughter Methodist R&W 14 Scholar Single County Down Ellen Kelly Daughter Methodist R&W 12 Scholar County Down James Kelly Son Methodist R&W 7 Scholar County Down John Kelly Son Methodist Read Only 5 Scholar County Down Alexander Kelly Son Methodist Cannot Read 3 County Down

High Street Jane Kelly Servant Methodist R&W 20 Servant Single County Down Note: Jane was living in the household of Andrew Simpson an Ironmonger. Mill Street Elizabeth Kelly Head Presbyterian Read Only- 67 Seamstress Widow County Down Mary Kelly G-Daughter Presbyterian R&W 13 Scholar County Down

Mill Street Margaret Kelly Head Ch' of Ireland Read Only 73 Embroideror Widow County Down Alexander Kelly Son Ch' of Ireland Read Only 38 General Labourer Single County Down Alice Kelly Daughter Ch' of Ireland Read Only 28 Embroideror Single County Down Edward Kelly G-Son Ch' of Ireland R&W 8 Scholar County Down Mary Kelly G-Daughter Ch' of Ireland Cannot Read 2 County Down

Mill Street Margaret Kelly Head Ch' of Ireland Cannot Read 46 Charwoman Widow County Down Mary Kelly Daughter Ch' of Ireland R&W 17 Hosiery Knitter Single County Down

Mill Street Jane Murray Head Roman Catholic R&W 38 Winder in Factory Single County Down Maggie McDonald Sister Roman Catholic R&W 35 Knitter in Factory Married County Down Lizzie Murray Sister Roman Catholic R&W 28 Reeler in Factory Single County Down Charles McDonald Nephew Roman Catholic Cannot Read 6 Scholar County Down John McDonald Nephew Roman Catholic 3 County Down Richard McDonald Nephew Roman Catholic 1 County Down Note: Maggie McDonalds husband Richard, a soldier in South Africa was the son of Angus McDonald & Mary KELLY. Mppenaix o 1901 Census of Newtownards Parish

COUNTY DOWN Parish of Newtownards Address Name & Surname Relation to Religious Education Age Rank Marital State Where Bom Head of Profession Profession or Family Occupation Mill Street Thomas Kelly Head Roman Catholic R&W 34 Master Horseshoer Married Newtownards Catherine Kelly Wife Roman Catholic R&W 32 Married > Newtownards • Lizzie Kelly Daughter Roman Catholic R&W 16 Cotton Weaver Single Newtownards Catherine Kelly Daughter Roman Catholic R&W 14 Scholar Newtownards Daniel Kelly Son Roman Catholic R&W 12 Scholar Newtownards Thomas Kelly Son Roman Catholic R&W 9 Scholar Newtownards Ellen Kelly Daughter Roman Catholic R&W 7 Scholar Newtownards William Kelly Son Roman Catholic Cannot Read 3 Newtownards Mary Kelly Daughter Roman Catholic Cannot Read 1 Newtownards

Mill Street William Miskelly Head Presbyterian Read Onjy 50 General Labourer Married County Down Mary Miskelly Wife Presbyterian Read Only 49 Married County Down David Miskelly Son Presbyterian R&W 27 General labourer Single County Down William Miskelly Son Presbyterian R&W 18 General Labourer Single County Down John M. Miskelly Son Presbyterian R&W 16 Factory Boy Single County Down

North Street Elizabeth Kelly Head Roman Catholic R&W 50 Laundress Single County Down Mary Kelly Sister Roman Catholic R&W 45 Seamstress Single County Down ^— Regent Street Anna Kelly Servant Methodist R&W 19 General Domestic Single County Down Note: Anna was Dving ki Ihe household of William McKee a House and Land Agent. Regent Street Robert Gaw Kelly Head Presbyterian R&W 32 Grocer & Hardware Married County Down Maggie Ann Kelly Wife Presbyterian R&W 30 Dressmaker Married County Tyrone Eleanor Jane Kelly Daughter Presbyterian Cannot Read 2 County Down Samuel Carson Kelly Son Presbyterian Cannot Read 1 County Down Jane Stuart Servant Episcopalian R&W 23 General Servant Single County Down

• ,-..•.••„. •• • • Shuttle Street Eliza Anne Kelly Head Presbyterian R&W 55 Embroideror : Single Newtownards

Victoria Avenue Margaret Kelly Boarder Presbyterian R&W 74 Seamstress Single County Down Note: Margaret waB Irving in the household of Susanah Wilson aged 68. Appendix 3 1901 Census of Newtownards Parish

COUNTY DOWN Parish of Newtownards Address Name & Surname Relation to Religious Education Age Rank Marital State Where Bom Head of Profession Profession or Family Occupation Wallaces Street John Kelly Head Presbyterian R&W 41 Woolen Weaver Married Newtownards Mary Ann Kelly Wife Presbyterian Read Only 40 Weaver Married Newtownards William George Kelly Son Presbyterian R&W 13 Shoe Maker Newtownards Thomas Kelly Son Presbyterian R&W 11 Scholar Newtownards Elizabeth Kelly Daughter Presbyterian R&W 7 Scholar Newtownards Agnes Kelly Daughter Presbyterian R&W 4 Scholar Newtownards — Wallaces Street Robert Miskelly Head Presbyterian R&W 32 Tailor Married County Down Lissie Ann Miskelly Wife Presbyterian R&W 29 Married County Down Hugh F. Miskelly Son Presbyterian R&W 9 Scholar County Down Annie Miskelly Daughter Presbyterian R&W 7 Scholar County Down Samuel Miskelly Son Presbyterian R&W 5 Scholar County Down Agnes D. Miskelly Daughter Presbyterian 3 County Down James F. Miskelly Son Presbyterian 1 County Down Mary Duff Aunt Baptist R&W 55 Dressmaker Single County Down '" • • ~ ,1 West Street Alexander Kelly Head Roman Catholic R&W 40 Coachman Married County Down Mary Anne Kelly Wife Roman Catholic R&W 36 Seamstress Married County Down John Kelly Son Roman Catholic R&W 5 Scholar County Down Laurence Kelly Son Roman Catholic 3 Scholar County Down Jessie Kelly Daughter Roman Catholic 6mth County Down

William Street John Kelly Head Presbyterian R&W 70 General Labourer Married County Down Flora Kelly Wife Presbyterian Read Only 68 Sewer Married County Down

Newtownards Common Isabella Kelly Mo-in-Law Ch' of Ireland R&W 79 Widow County Down Note: Isabella was riving In the household of Robert Brown a Master Mason. Corrys Street |Martha Kelly Head Methodist R&W 28 Factory Worker Single County Down

'."' '""' i ...... :..!' Appendix 3 1901 Census of Newtownards Parish

COUNTY DOWN Parish of Newtownards Address Name & Surname Relation to Religious Education Age Rank Marital State Where Bom Head of Profession Profession or Family Occupation Ballyalton Townland James Kelly Servant Roman Catholic R&W 17 Farm Servant Single County Derry Note: James was riving in the household of David Ferguson a Farmer. Ballyalton Townland David Kelly Head Methodist R&W 48 Farmer Married County Down Mary Ann Kelly Wife Methodist R&W 45 Married County Down William Kelly Son Methodist R&W 21 Farmer's Son Single County Down Hugh Kelly Son Methodist R&W 16 Shoemaker Single County Down Margaret Kelly Daughter Methodist R&W 15 Factory Tambouring County Down Elloner Kelly Daughter Methodist R&W 12 Scholar County Down Bella Kelly Daughter Methodist R&W 7 Scholar County Down David Kelly Son Methodist R&W 6 Scholar County Down Rosanna Kelly Mother Presbyterian R&W 70 Farmer's Mother Widow County Down

Commons Rural Jane Miskelly Head Presbyterian R&W 46 Farmer Single County Down Samuel L. Miskelly Nephew Presbyterian R&W 13 Scholar County Down James A. Miskelly Nephew Presbyterian R&W 5 Scholar County Down William J. Carlisle Servant Presbyterian R&W 16 Plumbing Apprentice County Down

Drumhirk Townland James Kelly Head Presbyterian R&W 68 Farmer Manied County Down Elizabeth Kelly Wife Presbyterian R&W 53 Married County Down James Kelly Son Presbyterian R&W 13 Scholar County Down Elizabeth Kelly Daughter Presbyterian R&W 11 Scholar County Down

Greengraves Townland Margaret Kelly Head Presbyterian Cannot Read 70 Housekeeper Widow County Down Robert James Kelly Son Presbyterian R&W 38 Agricultural Labourer County Down

Tullynagardy Townland Edward Kelly Servant Roman Catholic Cannot Read 47 Farm Servant Single County Down Note: Edward was living In the household of Robert Bailey a Farmer.

\ Apendix 4 1911 Census of Newtownards Parish

COUNTY DOWN Parish of Newtownards Address Name & Surname Relation to Religious Education Age Rank Marital State Where Bom Head of Profession Profession or j Family Occupation 11 Castle Street Eliza Jane Kelly Head Presbyterian R&W 57 Single County Down Agnes M. Kelly Daughter it R&W 16 Single County Down

28 East Street John Kelly Head Presbyterian R&W 78 Retired Labourer Widower County Down

49 Little Francis Street Ann Beckitt Head Methodist Read Only 82 Widow County Down Samuel C Kelly Son in Law Methodist R&W 64 Merchant Grocer Married County Antrim Mary Ann Kelly Daughter Methodist R&W 44 Manied County Down Below are the children of Samu el C Kelly (above), he was away from home on the night of the census. 60 Little Francis Street John Samuel Kelly Son Presbyterian R&W 38 Farmer Single County Down Minnie G Kelly Daughter Christian R&W 36 Single ! County Down Eleanor J Kelly Daughter Presbyterian R&W" 26 Single ! County Down David M Kelly Son Presbyterian R&W 24 Grocer Single County Down John Kelly Nephew Presbyterian R&W 11 Scholar Single County Down

27 Georges Street Mary Aicken Head Brethern R&W 38 Grocer Single County Down Minnie Kelly Niece Methodist R&W 28 Single County Down

3 Gibsons Lane Sarah Kelly Head Ch. of Ireland Cannot Rd 43 Embroidery Works Single County Down Maggie Kelly Daughter Ch. of Ireland R&W 18 Embroidery Works Single County Down 1 Mary Kelly Daughter Ch. of Ireland R&W 10 Scholar .-. County Down Ellen Kelly Daughter Ch. of Ireland Cannot Rd 7 County Down

124 Greenwell Street Alexander Kelly Head Methodist R&W 56 Woolen Weaver "• Manied County Down Eliza Jane Kelly Wife Methodist Write Only 53 Married I. County Down Bella Kelly Daughter Methodist R&W 24 Reeler in Factory Single County Down James Kelly Son Methodist R&W 17 Linen Yarn Packer « Single ' County Down , John Kelly Son Methodist R&W 15 Mill Worker Single ; County Down Alexander Kelly Son Methodist R&W 13 Scholar County Down Note: Alexander & Eliza had be<: n married for 30 years, with 9 cllildre n bom and 8 stiff alive. • v • I Apendix 4 1911 Census of Newtownards Parish

COUNTY DOWN Parish of Newtownards - - :- ••*••., • Address Name & Surname Relation to Religious Education Age Rank Marital State : Where Bom . ; • • • Head of Profession .. Profession or Family Occupation " 30 John Street Thomas Laverty Head Roman Catholic R&W 28 Unemp'd Printer Single .,-. England Lizzie Laverty Sister Roman Catholic R&W 26 Single England Maggie Kelly Sister Roman Catholic R&W 30 •"•'•,- Married England Thomas Kelly Nephew Roman Catholic Cannot Rd 3 -•--•- •-- County Down Note: Maggie Kelly had been manied for 5 years and had 2 children. 12 Mark Street Mary Ann Kelly Head Roman Catholic Read Only 75 Widow County Tyrone Maggie Kelly Daughter Roman Catholic R&W 32 Packer in Factory Single County Tyrone

31 Mill Street Thomas Kelly Head Roman Catholic R&W 48 Blacksmith Married County Down Catherine Kelly Wife Roman Catholic R&W 46 — - County Down Lizzie Kelly Daughter Roman Catholic R&W 25 Machinist , Single County Down Kate Kelly Daughter Roman Catholic R&W 23 Machinist . Single County Down Daniel Kelly Son Roman Catholic R&W 21 Blacksmith " Single County Down Thomas Kelly Son Roman Catholic R&W 19 Scholar Single County Down Ellen Kelly Daughter Roman Catholic R&W 17 Machinist Single County Down i William Kelly Son Roman Catholic R&W 13 Scholar County Down Mary Kelly Daughter Roman Catholic R&W 11 Scholar County Down Bertie Kelly Son Roman Catholic R&W 9 Scholar County Down James Kelly Son Roman Catholic R&W 6 Scholar County Down Note: Thomas & Catherine had been married 25 years and had 10 children (9 alive). 94 Mill Street Margaret Kelly Head Presbyterian R&W 88 Widow County Down Alexander Kelly Son Presbyterian Cannot 57 Labourer Widower County Down Edward Kelly Relative Presbyterian R&W 18 Millworker County Down Minnie Kelly Relative Presbyterian R&W 13 Millworker County Down

101 Mill Street Robert McKee Head Presbyterian R&W Labourer Mary McKee Wife Presbyterian William McKee Son Presbyterian

Edward McKee Son Presbyterian • MargaretMcKee Daughter Presbyterian Margaret Kelly Relative Presbyterian 61 . --- - • • Widow County Down Apendix 4 1911 Census of Newtownards Parish

COUNTY DOWN Parish of Newtownards Address Name & Surname Relation to Religious Education Age Rank Marital State Where Bom Head of Profession Profession or Family Occupation 108 Mill Street Annie Kelly Boarder Presbyterian R&W 38 Mill Worker Single County Down .Dte: Annie was living with a Margaret Hedley. 57 Movilla Street Martha Kelly Head Presbyterian Read Only 30 Single County Down

46 North Street John Kelly Head Roman Catholic R&W 32 Railway Porter Married County Down Maggie Kelly Wife Roman Catholic R&W 34 Married County Down Mary Kelly Daughter Roman Catholic R&W 11 Scholar County Down Maggie Kelly Daughter Roman Catholic R&W 9 Scholar County Down John Kelly Son Roman Catholic R&W 8 Scholar County Down James Kelly Son Roman Catholic R&W 6 Scholar County Down Charles Kelly Son Roman Catholic » 4 County Down Joseph Kelly Son Roman Catholic 2 County Down Ellen Kelly Daughter Roman Catholic Imth County Down Note: John & Maggie had been married for 13 years, they had 8 children (7 alive). 26 Regent Street Robert Gaw Kelly Head Brethren R&W 42 Grocer Married County Down Margaret Ann Kelly Wife Brethren R&W 39 Married County Tyrone Eleanor Jane G. Kelly Daughter Brethren R&W 12 Scholar County Tyrone Samuel Carson Kelly Son Brethren R&W 11 Scholar County Tyrone Robert Wallace Kelly Son Brethren R&W 7 Scholar County Tyrone John Wright Kelly Son Brethren R&W 5 Scholar County Tyrone Mary Frances Kelly Daughter Brethren Cannot Rd 3 County Tyrone David M. Bell Kelly Son Brethren 1 County Tyrone Maggie B. McMillan Servant Presbyterian R&W 21 Nurse/Domt Servt Single County Tyrone Maggie E. Keehan Servant Presbyterian R&W 18 General Servant Single County Tyrone Note: Robert & Margaret had been married for 13 years, they had 9 children (6 alive). 1 Russell Place Samuel Kelly Head Presbyterian R&W 44 Dealer in Hay Widower County Down Lily Kelly Daughter Presbyterian R&W 15 Single County Down > James Kelly Son Presbyterian R&W 12 Scholar County Down Jeannie Kelly Daughter Presbyterian R&W 9 Scholar County Down Apendix 4 1911 Census of Newtownards Parish

COUNTY DOWN Parish of Newtownards Address Name & Surname Relation to Religious Education Age Rank Marital State Where Bom Head of Profession Profession or Family Occupation Shore Road Martha Blevings Head Clara Eleanor Kelly Daughter Presbyterian R&W 26 Married England Clara had been married for 4 years- no children. She was living with Mrs Blevings and her family. 2 Front Shuttlefield Eliza Kelly Head R&W 69 Embroiderer Single County Down

55 Wallace Street John Kelly Head Presbyterian Read Only 52 Linen Weaver Married County Down Mary Ann Kelly Wife Presbyterian Read Only 50 Married County Down William George Kelly Son Presbyterian R&W 23 Wool Weaver Single County Down Thomas Kelly Son Presbyterian R&W 21 Yarn Packer Single County Down Lizzie Kelly Daughter Presbyterian R&W 17 Yarn Winder Single County Down Agnes Kelly Daughter Presbyterian R&W 14 Yarn Twister County Down Note: John & Mary Ann had been mam'ed 25 years and had 5 children (4 alive). 15 West Street Alexander Kelly Head Roman Catholic R&W 52 Carter Married County Down Mary Ann Kelly Wife Roman Catholic R&W 49 Manied County Down John Thomas Kelly Son Roman Catholic R&W 16 Carter Single County Down Lawrence Joseph Kelly Son Roman Catholic R&W 13 Scholar County Down Arthur R. Kelly Son Roman Catholic Cannot Rd 6 Scholar County Down Note: Alexander & Mary Ann had been manied 16 years and had 4 children (3 alive). Newtownards Town? Lizzie Kelly Roman Catholic R&W 70 Emporum? Single Newtownards Mary Kelly Roman Catholic R&W 56 Single County Down

Townland of Ballyalton David Kelly Head Brethren R&W 58 Farmer Married County Down Mary Ann Kelly Wife Brethren R&W 55 Married County Down William Kelly Son Brethren R&W 30 Farmers Son Single County Down Hugh Kelly Son Brethren R&W 25 Shoemaker Single County Down Maggie Kelly Daughter Brethren R&W 24 Seamstress Single County Down Minnie Kelly Daughter Brethren R&W 23 Hemsticher Single County Down Isabella Kelly Daughter Brethren R&W 17 Single County Down David Kelly Son Brethren R&W 15 Saddler Single County Down Elizabeth Mcllwain G-Daughter Presbyterian R&W 6 Scholar Belfast City Note: David & Mary Ann had been married for 33 years and had 10 children, (9 alive). Apendix 4 1911 Census of Newtownards Parish

COUNTY DOWN Parish of Newtownards Address Name & Surname Relation to Religious Education Age Rank Marital State Where Bom Head of Profession Profession or Family Occupation Townland of Drumkirk James Kelly Head Presbyterian R&W 78 Farmer Married County Down Elizabeth Kelly Wife Presbyterian R&W 61 Married County Down James Kelly Son Presbyterian R&W 23 Farmer's son Single County Down Elizabeth Kelly Daughter Presbyterian R&W 21 Single County Down Note: James & Elizabeth had been married for 24 years and had 2 children. Townland of Drumkirk Edward Kelly Servant Presbyterian R&W 53 Farm Servant Single County Down Note: Edward was living with Alex Cammock & family. Townland of Milecross Elinor Kelly Servant Brethren R&W 18 Gen. Dom. Servant Single County Down Note: Elinor was fiving with dames Blow & family.

COUNTY DOWN Parish of Tullynakill. Townland of Ballydoran William Kelly Head Unitarian R&W 84 Retired Teacher Married County Down Mary Kelly ' Wife Unitarian R&W 79 Married County Down Mary Kelly G-Daughter Unitarian R&W 23 Teacher Single County Down Note: William & Mary were married for 58 years and had 6 child en, (5 alive). Townland of Ballydoran David Kelly Head Unitarian R&W 29 Farmer Married England Margaret Kelly Wife Unitarian R&W 27 Manied County Down David Kelly Son Unitarian Cannot Rd 5 England Norah Kelly Daughter Unitarian 3 England Robert Kelly Son Unitarian 1 England Kathleen Kelly Daughter Unitarian 8mt County Down Note: David & Margaret were married for 7 years and had 4 children.

\ Appendix 5

Family Tree of Charles Kelly and Isabella Johnston of Kilgrammie, Ayrshire.

Charles Kelly k= Isabella Johnston 1827 1824

iiCharle s 1 I 1 Ma ivj William | John | Richard 1 Elizabeth Robert 1 David 1 Thomas 1 Alexander | 1848 1850 1853 1855 1858 1860 1863 1865 1868 1871 Married d-in-inf Married Married Married Married Married Died 1879 Married Died 1875 S. Lamb M. Trayner M. McFarlane M. McFarlane W. Sinclair C. Kerr M. McKie 1872 in 1879 in 1883 in 1885 in 1883 in 1897 in 1900 in Girvan Stranraer Girvan Girvan Kilgrammie Newton-on-Ayr Glasgow Children: 1872 William 1881 Charles 1885 Charles 1885 James 1884 Isabella J 1898 Christina No Children 1874 Richard 1882 Peter 1886 John 1887 Charles 1887 Charles K 1900 Charles 1875 John I. 1889 Susan 1890 James 1889 William 1889 William 1903 Daniel 1877 Isabella 1891 John 1892 Mary 1891 Richard 1893 Thomas K 1906 Robert 1879 William C. 1897 Isabella 1895 Isabella 1893 Ann 1908 Ihomas 1881 Annie d-in-inf William 1898 Martha 1896 Isabella 1883 Charles d-in-inf Mary 1898 Ann 1898 David d-in-inf Elizabeth 1899 Richard 1900 Elizabeth d-in-inf Charles 1903 William 1903 John 1906 Mary • 1910 Ihoma.

\

The above tree records the grandchildren of Charles and Isabella listed under their respective parents.