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INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI Bell & Howell Information and Learning 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 800-521-0600 UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA GRADUATE COLLEGE A PROFILE OF THE PERCEPTION OF INSTRUMENTAL ENSEMBLE DIRECTORS IN THE STATES OF ILLINOIS, MISSOURI, AND WISCONSIN REGARDING THE PERCUSSION TECHNIQUES CLASS A Document SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF MUSICAL ARTS By JULIA RAE HILLBRICK Norman, Oklahoma 1999 UMI Number: 9934632 UMI Microform 9934632 Copyright 1999, by UMI Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. UMI 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, MI 48103 ©Copyright by Julia Rae Hillbrick 1999 All Rights Reserved. A PROFILE OF THE PERCEPTION OF INSTRUMENTAL ENSEMBLE DIRECTORS IN THE STATES OF ILLINOIS, MISSOURI, AND WISCONSIN REGARDING THE PERCUSSION TECHNIQUES CLASS A Document APPROVED FOR THE SCHOOL OF MUSIC BY ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank several individuals for making the completion of this project possible. First, I would like to thank my advisor. Dr. Richard Gipson, for helping me through difficult circumstances and offering many suggestions for improvement of the document. Second, I would like to thank my doctoral committee. Dr. Carolyn Bremer, Dr. Michael Lee, Dr. Allan Ross, Dr. William Wakefield, and Dr. Jerome Weber for their time and suggestion contributions toward this project. A major part of this research was assisted by a graduate class of statistical consultants at the University of Missouri-Columbia headed by Dr. John Hewett. Trish Jones and Matt McIntosh in particular contributed many hours towards formatting the actual questionnaire as well as creating and running the SAS program. I am extremely grateful for their assistance and expertise. I would like to thank the percussion sponsors involved in the drawing for their contributions. Their support contributed to a higher return rate of the questionnaires creating more data for analysis. My family has played a large part in the motivation required for completing this project. My mother especially has been a wonderful source of encouragement over the past three years and I want to thank her for constantly believing in me. IV TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES...........................................................................................................vii ABSTRACT.................................................................................................................... x CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................I Purpose of the Study ........................................................................................4 Need for the Study .............................................................................................. 5 Limitations ...........................................................................................................6 Organization ........................................................................................................7 n. RELATED LITERATURE .......................................................................................8 The Teacher Educator ..........................................................................................8 The Teacher’s Opinions ..................................................................................... 9 Importance of Methods Courses ........................................................................10 The Education of the Band Director ....................................................................II The Percussion Techniques Course ....................................................................13 The Involvement of the Percussive Arts Society ...............................................16 Summary..............................................................................................................19 m . METHODS AND PROCEDURES.........................................................................21 The Questionnaire................................................................................................21 Survey Recipients ............................................................................................... 25 Drawing ...............................................................................................................26 Re-Test................................................................................................................ 26 TV. RESULTS................................................................................................................ 28 Biographical Questions .......................................................................................29 General Questions About the Percussion Techniques Class .............................................................................................37 Snare Drum Questions ........................................................................................ 41 Keyboard Percussion Questions ....................................................................... 48 Timpani Questions ..............................................................................................56 Accessory Instrument Questions ....................................................................... 62 Drumset Questions .............................................................................................. 67 Marching Percussion Questions .........................................................................71 Miscellaneous Questions ....................................................................................77 V. SUMMARY, COMPARISON, AND PROFILE...................................................86 Summary............................................................................................................. 86 Comparison to PAS Minimum Standards ......................................................... 97 List of Topics Suggested for the Percussion Techniques Class .......................98 A Profile of the Midwest Instrumental Ensemble Director and Respective Opinion of the Percussion Techniques Class Taken During College .....................................100 VI. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS................................................ 104 Conclusions ..........................................................................................................104 Recommendations for Further Research ........................................................... 110 Vn. BIBLIOGRAPHY........................................................................................................112 vm . APPENDIXES............................................................................................................ 117 A. Questionnaire ................................................................................................. 117 B. Winners and Prizes in Drawing....................................................................126 C. Narrative Comments of Respondents ........................................................129 D. Recommended Class Calendar and Teaching Outline ..................................164 VI LIST OF TABLES Table Page 2.1 Topics Taught in Percussion Techniques Class ................................................ 18 3.1 Question #5 from Questionnaire .........................................................................24 3.2 Kappa Coefficient Results ................................................................................. 27 Biographical Questions 4.1 Age.......................................................................................................................29 4.2 Gender ................................................................................................................. 29 4.3 Year Undergraduate Degree Received ............................................................... 30 4.4 State.............................................................................................. 30 4.5 Main Instrument ..................................................................................................30