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INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript )las been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality or this reproduction is clepencllent upon the quality or the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, prim bleedthrougb, substamiard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely. event that the author did not send UMI a complete mannscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continning from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI A Bell & Howell tnformat10n Company 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Amor. Mt481 06-1346 USA 313!761-4700 800:521-Q600 Order Number 9520520 A history of the "Ludwig n:rummer" with an annotated bibliography of the issues from 1961 to 1976 Bolton, Calvin Alonzo, D.M.A. The University of North Carolina. a.t Greensboro, 1994 Copyright @1994 by Bolton, Calvin Alonzo. All rights reserved. U·M·I 300 N. Zeeb Rd. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 A HISTORY OF THE LUDWIG DRUMMER WITH AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE ISSUES FROM 1961 TO 1976 by Calvin Alonzo Bolton A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School at The University of North Carolina at Greensboro in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Musical Arts Greensboro 1994 Approved by ~Ml/l1c tL-- dissertation advisor BOLTON, CALVIN ALONZO, D.M.A. A History of the Ludwig Drummer with an Annotated Bibliography of the Issues from 1961 to 1976. (1994) Directed by Dr. Cort McClaren. 188 pp. The Ludwig Drummer was the longest-running percussion publication of the twentieth century. The first series of issues documented percussion products and players from the early 1920s to 1948. The second series was published from 1961 to 1976. Although the Ludwia Drummer was widely distributed, no public library holds a complete set of issues, and the information in the Ludwig Drummer has previously D.e2n unavailable. A network of percussion professionals was established l~ the United States and Canada in order to combine resources and compile a complete set of the known issues. Each article in the issues from 1961 to 1976 was annotated and indexed to create a single document for reference purposes. © 1994 by Calvin Alonzo Bolton APPROVAL PAGE This dissertation has been approved by the following committee of the Faculty of the Graduate School at The University of North Carolina at Greensboro. Dissertation Advisor Committee Members ~zI 11/21/94 Date of Acceptance by Committee 10/.31/94 Date of Final Oral Examination ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Research support was provided by the reference staff of the following libraries: Indiana University; Ohio State University; Northwestern University; North Texas State University; Southern Illinois University (Carbondale and Edwardsville); the University of Colorado; the University of Maryland; the University of Missouri; the Association for Higher Education i~ Dallas, Texas; the Chicago Historical Historical Society; the Library of Congress; the New York Public Library; the University of North Carolina at Greensboro; and Converse College. The assistance of the advisory committee was greatly appreciated: Dr. Cort McClaren (advisor), Dr. Jim Prodan, Dr. Nancy Walker, and Dr. Randy Kohlenberg. To my family, thank you for your support, encouragement, and infinite patience which made this document possible. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page APPROVAL PAGE . ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. iii LIST OF TABLES ... v LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS . VJ. CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION 1 Data Collection Procedures. 18 II. CONTENTS OF THE LUDWIG DRUMMER 1961-1976 24 III. A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE LUDWIG DRUM COMPANY . 33 IV. ~~OTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 42 Format of the Bibliographic Citations 43 Format of the Annotations . 43 Biographical Information About the Authors. 44 Photograph Lists. 44 Independent Photograph Captions 44 V. CONCLUSIONS. 168 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 171 APPENDIX A. A LIST OF LEEDY DRUM TOPICS 1923-1941 . 174 APPENDIX B. CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS TO THE LUDWIG DRUMMER 1961-1976 . 176 APPENDIX C. INDEX TO THE ANNOTATIONS OF CHAPTER IV. 178 iv LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. EXTANT LUPWIG DRQMMER ISSUES FROM THE 1920S 7 2. EXTANT LUPWIG DRUMMER ISSUES FROM THE 1930S . 9 3. THE SECOND SERIES OF THE LUDWIG DR1MMER: ISSUES FROM THE 1960S AND 1970S. ..... 14 4. UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES WITH CATF~OGUED LUDWIG DRUMMER ISSUES. ....... 15 5. OTHER LIBRARIES WITH CATALOGUED LUDWIG DRUMMER ISSUES ... 16 6. THE LUPWIG DRUMMER ISSUES WILLIAM F. LUDWIG, JR., PROVIDED FOR THIS RESEARCH.. 20 7. SOURCES OF INFORMATION P..l'J"D/OR ~Um-JIG DRUMMER ISSUES FOR THIS RESEARCH . 22 8. THE EXTANT LUDWIG DRUMMER ISSUES. 23 9. BULLETINS OF THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF RUDIMENTAL DRUMMERS INCLUDED IN THE LUDWIG DRUMMER 1961-1976 . 26 10. EDITORS OF THE LUDWIG DRUMMER 1961-1976 27 11. ADVERTISEMENTS IN THE LUDWIG DRUMMER 1961-1976. .29-31 12. LUDWIG DRUMMER ISSUES INCLUDED IN THE ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY . 42 13. LEEDY DRUM TOPICS .174 v LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ILLUSTRATION Page 1. FORMAT OF THE ANNOTATIONS .............. 45 vi l CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Periodicals often serve as primary sources of information for music educators and peLformers. A considerable number of periodicals focus on specific areas of study such as music theory, music history, music education, and performance practice. Music periodicals that deal with specific subject areas include Early Music, Jazz Times, Journal of Music Therapy, Percussive Notes, Instrumentalist, Clavier, Journal of Music Theory, and Music Educators Journal. While professional associations and societies often publish magazines or scholarly journals for the benefit of their members, manufacturers of musical instruments, music publishers, and other agents within the music industry also provide publications to interested clientele. Many aspects of the music industry are promoted through publications designed to attract specific audiences as well as to sell products. Catalogues and brochures are regularly distributed to inform the public of products and services. Instrument manufacturers often distribute materials to promote specific brands of instruments. Instrument manufacturers generally advertise in periodicals that attract specific markets. Occasionally, 2 manufacturers establish in-house publications as a means of advertising their products. During the 1920s, three drum manufacturers initiated their own publications in an effort to promote percussion education and their own brand of instruments. These manufacturers included Leedy Drum Company, Premier Drum Company, and Ludwig & Ludwig Drum Company. Leedy Drum Company published twenty-nine issues of Leedy Topics from 1923 until 1941. Premier published at least eleven issues of The Drummer from 1928 until the early 1930s. Ludwig & Ludwig, which later became Ludwig Drum Company and ultimately Ludwig Industries, published a minimum of forty Ludwig Drummer issues from the early 1920s until 1976. The most enduring of the three publications proved to be the Ludwig Drummer. Published intermittently for over fifty years, the Ludwig Drummer was the longest-running percussion magazine of the twentieth century. Each issue included a variety of articles about percussion which were written by the most celebrated teachers and performers of the time. Articles in the Ludwig Drummer focused on all areas of percussion performance and pedagogy, including percussion ensemble, orchestral techniques, marching percussion, drum set styles, and keyboard percussion. Reviews of the latest percussion music and recordings were also included in the Ludwig Drummer. In addition to articles and reviews, the Ludwig Drummer 3 served to advertise the broad variety of Ludwig products. Percussion instruments and accessories manufactured by Ludwig were advertised throughout each Ludwig Drummer issue. Advertisements ranged in length from a single line listing the product to several multi-colored pages. In addition to articles and advertisements, the Ludwig Drummer contained many rare photographs of amateur drum corps, professional players, and student percussionists at all levels of instruction. The photographs in the Ludwig Drummer represented diverse percussion activities, from the activities of the United States military bands to international percussion events. Photographs illustrated proper instrument adjustment, maintenance procedures, and methods of holding drum sticks and mallets. Since publication of the Ludwig Drummer was due in part to the financial stability of the Ludwig Drum Company, its appearance occurred during two separate periods of prosperity. The first series was printed from the early 1920s to 1948. The second series was published from 1961 through 1968 and included one issue in 1972 and one issue in 1976. Throughout