Lycium Ruthenicum Murr. Dated in the Southern Aral and Aral Sea Regions

Journal of Critical Reviews

ISSN- 2394-5125 Vol 7, Issue 9, 2020

LYCIUM RUTHENICUM MURR. DATED IN THE SOUTHERN ARAL AND ARAL SEA REGIONS. THE AMOUNT OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS CONTAINED IN THE VEGETATIVE AND GENERATIVE ORGANS OF THE PLANT

Abdirakhimova Sayyara Shodiyorovna1, Sherimbetov Sanjar Gulmirzoevich2

1PhD Student, National University of Uzbekistan. 2Professor, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Tashkent State Technical University named after Islam Karimov.

Received: 14.03.2020 Revised: 09.04.2020 Accepted: 18.05.2020

Abstract As a result of the drying of the Aral Sea, the process of desertification of the Aral and Aral Sea regions takes place and leads to a change in natural geographical conditions, aggravation of the social ecological situation. The bioecological properties and chemical composition of Lycuim ruthenicum Murr.plants distributed in the area were studied. Plant populations have shown that the development of the root system in saline soils of varying degrees increases through specific bioecological adaptability. Taking into account the abundance of salt in the soil around the Aral Sea, 38 chemical elements were studied in the composition of vegetative and generative organs of the plant. Our results suggest that the chemical elements contained in the plant are pharmacologically active substances as a resource base for the production of medicinal substances of a new generation, and also contribute to the improvement of the ecosystem of the drained bottom of the Aral Sea and the Aral Sea region. Keywords: Aral Sea, Plant, Ecology, Element, Salt

INTRODUCTION materials conducted by the authors in 2000-2002 shows that As a result of the drying out of the Aral Sea, not only in the Lycium ruthenicum was included in the biodiversity of high-lying drained bottom of the Aral Sea, but also in the entire Aral Sea plants in the southern part of the Aral Sea, where it dried up area, the natural rocks developed under the previous conditions [Matjanova et al., 2012]. of automorphic are now developing in an autonomous environment, desertification processes are taking place in large Lycium ruthenicum plant grows in deserts, sands, roadsides. areas and lead to a change in natural geographic conditions, As a Distributed in Central Asia, Europe, America, China, Africa, result of the change in natural conditions here and the ever- Afghanistan, Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Iran, Mongolia, increasing number of lands emptied from sea water, there are Tibet and India [Poyarkova, 1955; Dhar et al., 2011; Wang et al., specific natural geographies that are considered to be the 2012; Yan, 2015; Zenggen L 2012]. Grows naturally in the dry youngest in the landscape of Central Asia [Ibragimova, 2012].For southern regions of Namangan, Fergana, Samarkand, Bukhara, this reason, the Aral Sea is a net species of the distribution of Kyzylkum, Ustyurt, Amudarya, Syrdarya, Aral Sea in Uzbekistan plants in the water-free zones. Also, one of the most important [Poyarkova, 1961; Sherimbetov, 2017]. environmental factors affecting seed growth and seedling growth Internet sources do not have enough information on the chemical is salt stress [Jan, 2015]. This requires the study of bio-ecology of composition of this plant. The fruits of the plant have been plant species, that is, highly salt-resistant plants, which are shown to be rich in protein, minerals, carbohydrates, carotene, widely distributed in the territory, and requires scientific vitamins В1, В2, PP, C, and the seed is rich in amino acids, research on the chemical composition of plants, the identification polysaccharides, taurine, many macro and micro elements [Wang of biologically active substances in them and their application in et al., 2012; Kosobokova et al., 2013; Jan, 2015]. The acid content, Pharmacological practice. redox process (OTJ) and pH of extracts prepared from the fruits At present, the cover of plants and the chemical composition of of Lycium ruthenicumplants were determined [Sudakova et al., plant species, the biochemical processes taking place on them 2016]. Also, Lycium ruthenicumwas obtained as a thick extract, have been poorly studied in the southern Aral and Aral Sea dissolved in a 40% aqueous alcohol mixture, and several regions. reactions were carried out. Chemical quality analysis revealed the presence of flavonols, flavones and anthocyanins in the thick The purpose of the work is to investigate the bioecological Lycium ruthenicumextract [Khodisov et al., 2015].In Vladikavkaz, properties and chemical composition of Solanaceae plants the amino acid composition and 12 micronutrients of Lycium belonging to Lycuim ruthenicum Murr. families scattered in the ruthenicum fruits grown wild in the Tugchay river valley were southern Aral and Aral Sea regions. determined [Sekinaeva et al., 2017; Sekinaeva, 2018].

LITERATURE VIEW In 2015, the separation of proteins and peptides and the Lycium is a category belonging to Solanaceaemonths there are molecular mass of the plant Lyciumruthenicum, distributed in the about 80 species around the world [Miller, 2002; Levin and dried bottom of the Aral Sea in Uzbekistan, were first studied. Miller, 2005]. The issue of this species, for example: Electrophoresis analyzes revealed that the total protein and Lyciumbarbarum, Lyciumchinense and Lyciumruthenicum species peptides isolated from the plant were of high molecular weight. consists of remedy and food plants [Gulbar Y et al., 2018]. In the The amino acid composition was also determined [Sherimbetov, territory of Uzbekistan, the growth of 11 category and 36 species 2017]. of the genus Solanaceae has been recorded [Abdirahimova et al., 2018]. Some of their species are widely distributed in the steppe territory of our Republic. Additional analysis of research and

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LYCIUM RUTHENICUM MURR. DATED IN THE SOUTHERN ARAL AND ARAL SEA REGIONS. THE AMOUNT OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS CONTAINED IN THE VEGETATIVE AND GENERATIVE ORGANS OF THE PLANT

MATERIALS AND METHODS have shown that the plant Lyciumruthenicumis resistant to Bioecological Characteristics salinity of soil and groundwater up to 30%, reducing the During the studies conducted in the South Aral and Aral Sea migration of salts [Butnik et al., 1991; Umurzakova, 2017]. regions in 2017-2019, the bioecological characteristics of the populations of the plant Lyciumruthenicumin different ecological Observations in recent years have shown that Lyciumruthenicum conditions were studied. plant populations in areas drained from the Aral Sea are increasing through specific bioecological resilience, such as root Lyciumruthenicumis a halophyte plant that enters the ecological system development in different saline soils, retention of sand species, adapts to salty, arid environments, is resistant to strong and brine. winds, cold and heat. Joda also grows in strongly saline soils and is resistant to groundwater salinity [Wang et al., 2012; HaikuiCh Figure 1 shows the distribution and extent (%) of the wild et al., 2014; Jan, 2015]. Butnik, Z.I.Umurzako and others, data population of the plant Lyciumruthenicum in the South Aral and Aral Sea regions.

Figure 1: Geographic distribution of wild populations of the Lyciumruthenicum plant, which is distributed in the regions of the South Aral and Aral Sea.ArcGIS 10.3 software was used in the creation of this map.

It was noted that in the studied areas Lycium ruthenicum plants Zygophyllum oxianum, Climacoptera lanata, Peganum harmala form different plant communities in small areas with such plants (Figure 2). as Tamarix hispida, Halostachys belangeriana, Alhaji pseudalhagi,

Figure 2: Lycium Ruthenicum Co-forming Plant Communities

METHODS samples were ground in a mortar. For the short-lived isotope Materials for laboratory analysis were collected in different analysis 30-40 mg of crushed plants were taken and 100 mg for seasons of 2017-2019. determining the medium- and long-lived isotopes. Weighed samples were sealed in labeled plastic bags. Prepared samples of The analysis was performed at the Laboratory Institute of plants underwent neutron activation analysis on WWR-SM Bioorganic Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic research reactor (Russia, 1959 reconstruction in 1980). of Uzbekistan. The analysis of plants was performed on the basis of neutron activation analysis (NAA) of elements which include RESULTS AND DISCSSION the preparation of samples, the determination of elements The content of 38 chemical elements in the vegetative and (short-lived, long-lived and medium-lived isotopes) and the generative organs of the plant was studied, taking into account method of evaluation of the stage analytical parameters. The the high content of salt in the soil around the Aral Sea (Table 1). accuracy of the analysis was determined by comparison of Quantitative ratios of biogenic elements in the composition of the obtained data. plant Lycium ruthenicumalso play an important role in the Plants were washed from surface contamination and dried in an acceleration of physiological and biochemical processes in them. oven at a temperature of 600C to air-dry condition, and then the Microelements and ultra-microelements such as bromine,

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LYCIUM RUTHENICUM MURR. DATED IN THE SOUTHERN ARAL AND ARAL SEA REGIONS. THE AMOUNT OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS CONTAINED IN THE VEGETATIVE AND GENERATIVE ORGANS OF THE PLANT

calcium, chlorine, cobalt, chromium, copper, European, iron, sodium, zinc can be listed as important bio-elements in plant life potassium, lanthanum, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, processes.

Table 1: The Amount of Chemical Elements in Lyciumruthenicum, mkg / g

Lycium ruthenicum

№

Leaves Fruits Seeds Elements

1 Ag <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 2 As <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 3 Au 0.0047 0.0023 0.0028 4 Ba 5.5 <1.0 1.6 5 Br 38 4.5 8.0 6 Ca 16000 1200 3040 7 Ce 0.70 <1.0 0.32 8 Cl 68000 8400 9000 9 Co 0.24 0.11 0.18 10 Cr 1.2 0.2 0.62 11 Cs 0.079 0.0083 0.027 12 Cu 550 130 150 13 Eu 0.014 <0.001 0.0059 14 Fe 530 97 220 15 Hf 0.059 0.011 0.023 16 Hg 0.018 0.017 <0.01 17 K 20000 19800 2100 18 La 0.39 0.056 0.17 19 Lu <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 20 Mg 12000 – – 21 Mn 22 10 14 22 Mo 1.3 3.3 4.0 23 Na 69000 4800 5100 24 Nd <0.1 – – 25 Ni 33 1.6 1.2 26 Rb 2.6 0.4 0.98 27 Re 0.021 – – 28 Sb 0.32 <0.01 <0.01 29 Sc 0.14 0.026 0.062 30 Se 0.38 0.061 0.12 31 Sm 0.057 0.01 0.027 32 Sr 490 25 54 33 Ta <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 34 Tb 0.0072 <1.0 <1.0 35 Th 0.14 0.016 0.05 36 U 0.057 <0.1 <0.1 37 Yb <0.01 <0.001 <0.001 38 Zn 41 19 29 elements accumulate in plant organs and that the element As a result of repeated analyzes, the concentration of 38 chemical rhenium is found in plants. elements in the Lyciumruthenicum plant distributed in the areas It was found that the composition of chemical elements in the emptied of the Aral Sea was determined and the biological role of studied plants varied significantly. For example, high sodium content is detected in the leaves of a plant from fruits and seeds. chemical elements was studied. In addition to mineral salts, the High concentrations of chlorine are found in the leaves and fruits plant also contains heavy metals such as Ca - 16000, K - 20000, Cl of the plant. Copper concentrations are much lower than other - 68000, Na - 69000, Au - 0.0047, Mg - 12000, Zn - 41, Ni - 33, Cu - elements, especially fruits and seeds. In addition, the 550 μg / g. detected. It has been proven that rare chemical concentration of sodium, potassium, magnesium in fruits and

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LYCIUM RUTHENICUM MURR. DATED IN THE SOUTHERN ARAL AND ARAL SEA REGIONS. THE AMOUNT OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS CONTAINED IN THE VEGETATIVE AND GENERATIVE ORGANS OF THE PLANT seeds was found to correspond to the average property for these 11. Ibragimova R.A. TheAral is a Natural Geographical District. plants. The content of chemical elements in plant leaves is much Author's abstract for the degree of Candidate of higher than in fruits and seeds. Geographical Sciences. Tashkent. 2012. B. 22-P. 26. The study first identified 38 chemical elements in the above- 12. Kovalevskaya S. Flora of Uzbekistan V vol. 1961.ed. Acad. mentioned leaves, fruits, and plant seeds. It was found that most Science UZB., P. 416-435. of the plants, including the botanical diversity of the dried 13. Kosobokova O. D., Khlebtsova E. B. / / on the prospects of bottom of the Aral Sea, have indicative properties. using Lyciumruthenicum Murr. 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