Goji Who? Morphological and DNA Based Authentication of a “Superfood”
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Research Paper a Review of Goji Berry (Lycium Barbarum) in Traditional Chinese Medicine As a Promising Organic Superfood And
Academia Journal of Medicinal Plants 6(12): 437-445, December 2018 DOI: 10.15413/ajmp.2018.0186 ISSN: 2315-7720 ©2018 Academia Publishing Research Paper A review of Goji berry (Lycium barbarum) in Traditional Chinese medicine as a promising organic superfood and superfruit in modern industry Accepted 3rd December, 2018 ABSTRACT Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been used for thousands of years by different generations in China and other Asian countries as foods to promote good health and as drugs to treat disease. Goji berry (Lycium barbarum), as a Chinese traditional herb and food supplement, contains many nutrients and phytochemicals, such as polysaccharides, scopoletin, the glucosylated precursor, amino acids, flaconoids, carotenoids, vitamins and minerals. It has positive effects on anitcancer, antioxidant activities, retinal function preservation, anti-diabetes, immune function and anti-fatigue. Widely used in traditional Chinese medicine, Goji berries can be sold as a dietary supplement or classified as nutraceutical food due to their long and safe traditional use. Modern Goji pharmacological actions improve function and enhance the body ,s ability to adapt to a variety of noxious stimuli; it significantly inhibits the generation and spread of cancer cells and can improve eyesight and increase reserves of muscle and liver glycogens which may increase human energy and has anti-fatigue effect. Goji berries may improve brain function and enhance learning and memory. It may boost the body ,s adaptive defences, and significantly reduce the levels of serum cholesterol and triglyceride, it may help weight loss and obesity and treats chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis. At Mohamad Hesam Shahrajabian1,2, Wenli present, they are considered functional food with many beneficial effects, which is Sun1,2 and Qi Cheng1,2* why they have become more popular recently, especially in Europe, North America and Australia, as they are considered as superfood with highly nutritive and 1 Biotechnology Research Institute, antioxidant properties. -
Effect of LYCH (Lycium Chinense P. Mill.) Leaf Hydrolysates on the Growth of Pediococcus Acidilactici IMT101
ABSTRACT Title of Document: Effect of LYCH (Lycium chinense P. Mill.) leaf hydrolysates on the growth of Pediococcus acidilactici IMT101 Yi-Chun Yeh, Master of Science, 2006 Directed By: Associate Professor, Y. Martin Lo, Department of Nutrition and Food Science Growth stimulating effects of LYCH leaf hydrolysates on P. acidilactici IMT101 cells were observed when MRS broth was supplemented with 20% (v/v) H1+H2, the mixture of hydrolysates prepared by a tea-making process. Cells grown on MRS containing H1+H2 showed a shortened lag phase while yielding a cell concentration (Xs) significantly higher than other conditions. The maximal specific growth rate (µmax) was also the highest among all. Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) at 80°C for 2 hrs (M802h) released more amino acids but less sugar (fructose, glucose, and sucrose) than in H1+H2. No correlations between amino acids and cell growth were found. In the absence of FOS, the high glucose concentration in the H1+H2 hydrolysates was found responsible for the stimulatory effects on P. acidilactici growth. These effects of LYCH leaf hydrolysates indicate the potential of developing new applications in promoting the growth of other probiotic cells using a simple process. Keywords P. acidilactici, Lycium chinense, cell yield, specific cell growth rate, probiotic EFFECT OF CHINESE WOLFBERRY (LYCIUM CHINENSE P. MILL.) LEAVE HYDROLYSATES PREPARED BY TEA-MAKING PROCESS AND MICROWAVE EXTRACTION ON THE GROWTH OF PEDIOCOCCUS ACIDILACTICI IMT101 By Yi-Chun Yeh Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland, College Park, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science 2006 Advisory Committee: Associate Professor: Y. -
Hardy Goji Berry Bush FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS FIRST
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS WHEN DO THEY FRUIT? In most cases abundantly heavy fruit will not be produced until second season. However most will produce enough fruit the 1st year to get you real excited about your plants. Although deer leave them alone, it may be wise to place a net on them to deter the birds a little bit. DO THEY SELF POLLINATE? Yes. So they do not need a companion to set fruit. WHERE DO THESE FIT IN TO LANDSCAPE? These are a fast growing shrub with showy blue and purple flowers and red berries that adorn this plant most the entire summer and fall into a heavy frost. HOW MUCH DO THESE GET CUT BACK AND WHEN? 1st year - Allow plants to grow un-pruned. This will result in more fruit the first year and result in stronger roots. 2nd year - Cut off all stems early in the spring to about 15 inches long. This will result in many more 2nd year stems and lots of fruit, but it will come on later in the summer. 3rd year -The long-term goal is to have a nicely shaped plant about six feet tall, with a three-foot diameter canopy. In early spring, trim canopy stems to keep a foot or more clearance between the canopy and the ground. This stimulates new growth where most fruit will develop. Winter pruning can be used to clean out unwanted stems. ARE THESE VIGOROUS GROWERS AND FRUITERS? Yes. Goji berries will grow in almost any type of soil, light-sandy, Medium-loamy, and heavy-clay, but they tend to flower and fruit better in a well-drained soil of moderate quality. -
Large-Scale Screening of 239 Traditional Chinese Medicinal Plant Extracts for Their Antibacterial Activities Against Multidrug-R
pathogens Article Large-Scale Screening of 239 Traditional Chinese Medicinal Plant Extracts for Their Antibacterial Activities against Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Cytotoxic Activities Gowoon Kim 1, Ren-You Gan 1,2,* , Dan Zhang 1, Arakkaveettil Kabeer Farha 1, Olivier Habimana 3, Vuyo Mavumengwana 4 , Hua-Bin Li 5 , Xiao-Hong Wang 6 and Harold Corke 1,* 1 Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; [email protected] (G.K.); [email protected] (D.Z.); [email protected] (A.K.F.) 2 Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China 3 School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; [email protected] 4 DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, US/SAMRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 8000, South Africa; [email protected] 5 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; [email protected] 6 College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (R.-Y.G.); [email protected] (H.C.) Received: 3 February 2020; Accepted: 29 February 2020; Published: 4 March 2020 Abstract: Novel alternative antibacterial compounds have been persistently explored from plants as natural sources to overcome antibiotic resistance leading to serious foodborne bacterial illnesses. -
Goji Berry—A Novel Nutraceutical “Superfruit” for Florida Master Gardeners1 Yujie Jiao and Guodong Liu2
HS1391 Goji Berry—a Novel Nutraceutical “Superfruit” for Florida Master Gardeners1 Yujie Jiao and Guodong Liu2 Introduction Goji berry (Lycium barbarum L.) is a native shrub to China belonging to the Solanaceae family. Common names of the crop include Chinese wolfberry, Himalayan goji, Tibetan goji, Fruktus Iycii, gougizi, goji berry, matrimony vine, Chinese boxthorn, Ningxia wolfberry, red medlar, and mede berry. It is widely cultivated and used throughout the arid and semiarid regions of northwest China (Figure 1). Figure 1. Branches of goji berry bushes (A) and cultivation in Yinchuan, Goji berries have been used in both fresh and processed Ningxia, in northern China (B). forms for food and medicine for more than 4,000 years in Credits: Yuwang Luan, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China China (Wang et al. 2015). The goji berry fruit is known This crop can be grown in Plant Hardiness Zones 4b to 9b as a “superfruit” thanks to its high levels of vitamins and as defined by the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) minerals, as well as other medicinal benefits recognized in (Figure 2). Therefore, most of Florida’s climate is favorable many countries around the world. The term “superfruit” is for goji berry, and a few Florida growers have cultivated it frequently used to refer to fruit extraordinarily rich in anti- for years. This species can tolerate infertile and unfavorable oxidants and nutrients (Chang et al. 2018; Himelrick 2018). growth conditions and hence can be mistakenly considered Goji berry has nutraceutical properties. Nutraceuticals, also invasive, but FDACS DPI (Florida Department of Agricul- called “functional foods,” aid in the prevention or treatment tural and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry) of certain diseases and disorders. -
12.2% 116,000 120M Top 1% 154 3,900
We are IntechOpen, the world’s leading publisher of Open Access books Built by scientists, for scientists 3,900 116,000 120M Open access books available International authors and editors Downloads Our authors are among the 154 TOP 1% 12.2% Countries delivered to most cited scientists Contributors from top 500 universities Selection of our books indexed in the Book Citation Index in Web of Science™ Core Collection (BKCI) Interested in publishing with us? Contact [email protected] Numbers displayed above are based on latest data collected. For more information visit www.intechopen.com Chapter 1 Gojiberry Breeding: Current Status and Future Prospects Jianjun Chen,Jianjun Chen, ChihCheng T. ChaoT. Chao and Xiangying WeiXiangying Wei Additional information is available at the end of the chapter http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.76388 Abstract Goji, gojiberry, or wolfberry is the fruit of Lycium barbarum L., L. chinense Mill., or L. ruthenicum Murr. in the family Solanaceae Juss. The fruit is bright orange-red or black and is edible with a sweet and tangy flavor. Gojiberry is rich in polysaccharides, flavo- noids, carotenoids, betaine, kukoamine A, sitosterol, and other compounds which have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-neoplastic properties and have been used for the treatment of various blood circulation disorders and diabetes. Recently, there is an increased demand for high-quality gojiberry and its products because they are consid- ered a superfruit. China is the main producer and supplier of gojiberry in the world. Thus far, limited information is available about genetic resources, breeding activities, and major cultivars of gojiberry. -
Preparative Separation of Flavonoids from Goji Berries by Mixed-Mode Macroporous Adsorption Resins and Effect on Aβ-Expressing and Anti-Aging Genes
molecules Article Preparative Separation of Flavonoids from Goji Berries by Mixed-Mode Macroporous Adsorption Resins and Effect on Aβ-Expressing and Anti-Aging Genes 1,2, 3, 4 4 5 1,2, Jianfei Liu y, Jiao Meng y , Jinhao Du , Xiaofeng Liu , Qiaosheng Pu , Duolong Di * and Chang Chen 2,3,* 1 CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; jfl[email protected] 2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China 3 National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; [email protected] 4 National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; [email protected] (J.D.); [email protected] (X.L.) 5 State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (D.D.); [email protected] (C.C.); Fax: +86-931-4968248 (D.D.); +86-010-64888406 (C.C.) These authors contributed equally to this work. y Received: 30 May 2020; Accepted: 21 July 2020; Published: 31 July 2020 Abstract: Flavonoids are the main constituents of Goji berries and have good biological and pharmacological activities. The mixed-mode macroporous adsorption resins (MARs) for purification of flavonoids from Goji berries through computer-assisted calculation of the molecular size of flavonoids and the precise matching of MAR physical and chemical properties was firstly developed in the present study. -
Anatomy and Affinities of Penthorum Melanie Lynn Haskins
University of Richmond UR Scholarship Repository Biology Faculty Publications Biology 2-1987 Anatomy and Affinities of Penthorum Melanie Lynn Haskins W. John Hayden University of Richmond, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.richmond.edu/biology-faculty-publications Part of the Botany Commons, Other Plant Sciences Commons, and the Plant Biology Commons Recommended Citation Haskins, Melanie Lynn, and W. John Hayden. "Anatomy and Affinities of Penthorum." American Journal of Botany 74, no. 2 (February 1987): 164-77. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Biology at UR Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Biology Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of UR Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Amer. J. Bot. 74(2): 164-177. 1987. ANATOMY AND AFFINITIES OF PENTHORUM' MELANIE L. HASKINS AND W. JOHN HAYDEN Department of Biology, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia 23173 ABSTRACT The genus Penthorum L. consists of two species of perennial herbs, P. sedoides of eastern North America and P. chinense ofeastern Asia. Pentho rum has long been considered intermediate between Crassulaceae and Saxifragaceae. An anatomical study of both species was undertaken to contribute to a better understanding of the relationships ofthese plants. Prominent anatomical features of Penthorum include: an aerenchymatous cortex and closely-spaced collateral vascular bundles of stems; one-trace unilacunar nodes; brochidodromous venation, rosoid teeth bearing hydathodes, and anomocytic stomata of leaves; angular vessel elements with many-barred scalariform perforation plates and alternate to scattered intervascular pits; thin-walled non septate fiber-tracheids; abundant homocellular erect uniseriate and biseriate rays; and absence of axial xylem parenchyma. -
Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Effect of Penthorum Chinense Pursh Extract Against T-BHP-Induced Liver Damage in L02 Cells
Molecules 2015, 20, 6443-6453; doi:10.3390/molecules20046443 OPEN ACCESS molecules ISSN 1420-3049 www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules Article Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Effect of Penthorum chinense Pursh Extract against t-BHP-Induced Liver Damage in L02 Cells Yangyang Hu †, Shengpeng Wang †, Anqi Wang, Ligen Lin, Meiwan Chen * and Yitao Wang * State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China; E-Mails: [email protected] (Y.H.); [email protected] (S.W.); [email protected] (A.W.); [email protected] (L.L.) † These authors contributed equally to this work. * Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: [email protected] (M.C.); [email protected] (Y.W.); Tel.: +853-8822-4675 (M.C.); +853-8822-4691 (Y.W.); Fax: +853-2884-1358 (M.C. & Y.W.). Academic Editor: Derek J. McPhee Received: 13 February 2015 / Accepted: 26 March 2015 / Published: 10 April 2015 Abstract: Penthorum chinense Pursh (P. chinense), a traditional Chinese medicine used by the Chinese Miao minority, has been used to treat liver diseases for a long time. However, the mechanism behind the liver protective effects of P. chinense remains unclear so far. The aim of the present study was to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of P. chinense and its possible mechanism(s). Immortalized normal human normal liver L02 cells were used to evaluate the protective effect of P. chinense aqueous extract against tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced liver cell damage. Treatment with P. chinense aqueous extract significantly protected L02 cells from t-BHP-induced cytotoxicity, prevented t-BHP-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and decreased the percentage of apoptosis by inhibiting the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. -
PLANT SCIENCE TODAY, 2021 Vol 8(2): 278–282 HORIZON E-Publishing Group ISSN 2348-1900 (Online)
PLANT SCIENCE TODAY, 2021 Vol 8(2): 278–282 HORIZON https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2021.8.2.919 e-Publishing Group ISSN 2348-1900 (online) RESEARCH COMMUNICATION Growth and development of Lycium barbarum L. in the environment of Samarkand in Uzbekistan Nodira Nurullayeva*, Khislat Haydarov, Zebiniso Umurzakova & Dilfuza Safarova Department of Botany, Samarkand State University, Samarkand, 140163, Uzbekistan *Email: [email protected] ARTICLE HISTORY ABSTRACT Received: 17 August 2020 Shrub Lycium barbarum belongs of the family Solanaceae, is introduced and does not occur naturally in Accepted: 05 March 2021 Uzbekistan. Despite its numerous medicinal characteristics, in Uzbekistan, its growth and development Published: 01 April 2021 have not been studied. Therefore, our primary goal was to study the germination of seeds, stages of ontogenesis and some morphological signs of fruits. The highest seed germination rate of 74±0,12% as at the 20 ˚C. When studying ontogenesis, plant development was divided into ten stages and four KEYWORDS periods. The pre-reproductive period lasted 1-2 years. The reproductive period was determined for 2-3 seed germination; morphology; ontogeny; morphological variability years from the beginning of the growing season. For several months, an analysis of the changes in the of the fruit morphological characteristics of the fruits of L. barbarum was carried out and in May, relatively large ripened fruits were determined (length 2.18 ± 0.09, width 1.14 ± 0.11). Introduction arginine (Arg) (4-9). The L. barbarum is considered to have immune-enhancing, anti-aging, cancer Since the beginning of the 21st century, wolfberries prevention and anti-oxidative properties. -
DETERMINATION of the TOTAL PHENOLIC and ANTHOCYANIN CONTENTS, AS WELL AS the TOTAL ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY, of BLACK WOLFBERRY (Lycium Ruthenicum) FRUITS
Biblid: 1821-4487 (2019) 23; 4; p 158-161 Original Scientific Paper UDK: 634.8.076 Originalni naučni rad DETERMINATION OF THE TOTAL PHENOLIC AND ANTHOCYANIN CONTENTS, AS WELL AS THE TOTAL ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY, OF BLACK WOLFBERRY (Lycium ruthenicum) FRUITS DETEKCIJA UKUPNOG FENOLA, UKUPNOG ANTOCIJANINA, UKUPNOG ANTIOKSIDANTNOG KAPACITA CRNOG GOĐİJA (Licium ruthenicum) İlbilge OĞUZ, İpek DEĞİRMENCİ, Ebru KAFKAS University of Çukurova, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, 01330, Balcalı, Adana, Turkey e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT The black wolfberry (Lycium ruthenicum) belongs to the Solanaceae family. The genus Lycium comprises 87 recognized species and is distributed in arid and semi-arid regions of temperate to subtropical zones in the world. At present, China is the greatest global producer and supplier of wolfberry products. The goji berry has recently became one of the most popular fruits in Turkey due to its health-beneficial compounds such as phenolic compounds (phenolic acids and flavonoids), carotenoids, tocopherol, ascorbic acid and antioxidant properties. Lycium fruits have been used as a remedy since ancient times in Asian countries, especially in China, for their emmenagogue, diuretic, antipyretic, tonic, aphrodisiac, hypnotic, and hepatoprotective effects. The purpose of this paper is to determine the biochemical characteristics (namely total phenolic and anthocyanin contents, as well as the total antioxidant capacity) of black wolfberries grown under the Aksaray ecological conditions. Keywords: antioxidants, total phenol, total anthocyanin, black goji berry. REZIME Crne gođi bobice (Lycium ruthenicum) pripadaju porodici Solanaceae porodici. Rod Lycium sadrži 87 prepoznatih vrsta i rasprostranjen je u sušnim i polu-sušnim regionima u umerenim do suptropskim zonama u svetu. -
Boxthorn Lycium Ferocissimum
Boxthorn Lycium ferocissimum Family Solanaceae (nightshade) Also known as African boxthorn Where is it originally from? South Africa What does it look like? Densely branched, erect, evergreen shrub (<6 m tall) with tough, woody stems alternately branched at square angles, forming a box- like pattern, and with rigid spines (13 mm). Hairless, fleshy, bright green leaves (40 x 12 mm) are narrow, oblong and clustered along the stems. White to pale mauve flowers (10-13 mm) produced from July to March are followed by tear shaped orange red berries (5-12 mm) in autumn. Photo: Carolyn Lewis Are there any similar species? Hawthorn and barberry are similar. Lycium barbarum (L. chinense) is similar but is deciduous. Why is it weedy? Forms dense, tall, long-lived stands, excluding most other vegetation. Tolerates a wide variety of soil types (sand to rocky cliffs), drought, salt, wind, and hot to cold temperatures. Poisonous (usually not grazed). How does it spread? Birds and possibly possums. Common seed sources are farm hedges, roadsides, waste places. Photo: Carolyn Lewis What damage does it do? Overtops native plants and can become only woody plant species on site. Petrels and other seabirds can become entangled and die. Berries may poison birds. Which habitats is it likely to invade? Sand dunes, shrublands, cliffs, islands and other coastal areas, gravel, and roadsides. What can I do to get rid of it? 1. Hand pull seedlings, winch out larger plants (all year round): Plant material can be left on site. 2. Stump swab (all year round): glyphosate (200ml/L) or a product containing 100g picloram+300g triclopyr/L (200ml/L).