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37000 Bihać,Trg Slobode 8,Tel/Fax 322-626 UNIVERZITET U BANJOJ LUCI FILOLOŠKI FAKULTET BANJA LUKA MR RATKO KNEŽEVIĆ IRSKI NACIONALNI IDENTITET U POETSKOM STVARALAŠTVU VILIJAMA BATLERA JEJTSA DOKTORSKA DISERTACIJA Banja Luka, 2017. UNIVERSITY OF BANJA LUKA FACULTY OF PHILOLOGY BANJA LUKA MR RATKO KNEŽEVIĆ IRISH NATIONAL IDENTITY IN THE POETRY OF WILLIAM BUTLER YEATS DOCTORAL DISSERTATION Banja Luka, 2017 U sjećanje na moje drage roditelje Savu i Dušana Kneževića, te prijatelja prof. dr Đorđa Slavnića. In memory of my beloved parents Sava & Dušan Knežević, and friend Dr. Đorđe Slavnić. ZAHVALNICA Kao prvo, želio bih se zahvaliti prof. dr Petru Pendi čiji su savjeti i komentari uveliko pomogli nastanku ovog rada. On je zaista bio izuzetan mentor u svakom pogledu. Želim se također zahvaliti mojim divnim irskim prijateljima, Bridghid i Liam Ó Halmhain iz Dablina, te posebno Jerald Cavanagh, Padraig Kirby i mnogim drugima iz LIT - Instituta za tehnologiju iz Limerika, Irska te prof.dr Edinu Omerdiću sa Univerziteta u Limeriku koji su mi pomogli u istraživačkom radu tokom mojih boravaka u Irskoj. Hvala uposlenima u Nacionalnoj biblioteci Irske (NLI) u Dablinu, bibliotekama u Limeriku, Dablinu, Korku, te mojim prijateljima iz “Pier“ hotela i paba “Nency Blake“ u Limeriku na pomoći i podršci. Iskrena zahvalnost mojoj dragoj prijateljici Francesca Brazzorotto iz direkcije Macmillan Publishing u Londonu (King's Cross Campus, London) na pomoći tokom mog istraživanja i pretraživanja Jejtsovih djela u izdanjima ove izdavačke kuće, te Melanie Wood iz biblioteke Zayed University Dubai, Ujedinjeni Arapski Emirati. Posebno hvala mojoj porodici, supruzi Amni, sinu Edisu i kćerki Sandri na strpljenju i razumijevanju koje su iskazali za svo ovo vrijeme koje sam posvetio pisanju ovog rada i čestim istraživanjima u inostranstvu. Hvala svim mojim prijateljima, a naročito Dženiti Halilagić, doc. dr Nikoli Findriku te Ljiljani i Dragi Ilić. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Firstly, I would like to thank Dr. Petar Penda whose tips and comments greatly helped the creation of this work. He has truly been an exceptional mentor in every sense. I also want also to thank my wonderful Irish friends, Bridghid and Liam Ó Halmhain from Dublin, and especially Jerald Cavanagh, Padraig Kirby and many others from the LIT – Limerick Institute of Technology, Ireland as well as Dr. Edin Omerdić from the University of Limerick who have helped me in doing the research work during my stayings in Ireland. Thanks to employees at the National Library of Ireland (NLI) in Dublin, libraries in Limerick, Dublin, Cork, and my friends from the "The Pier" hotel and pub "Nency Blake" in Limerick for their help and support. Sincere thanks to my dear friend Francesca Brazzorotto from the London Macmillan Publishing Company (King's Cross Campus, London) for help during my research of Yeats’ works edited by this publishing house, and Melanie Wood from the library of Zayed University in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Special thanks to my family, wife Amna, son Edis and daughter Sandra for the patience and understanding they showed for all this time I have devoted to writing this paper and frequent researches in abroad. Thanks to all my friends, especially Dženita Halilagić, Dr. Nikola Findrik, Ljiljana i Drago Ilić. KOMISIJA ZA OCJENU I ODBRANU DOKTORSKE DISERTACIJE PREDSJEDNICA __________________________________________ dr Radmila Nastić, redovni profesor za užu naučnu oblast Engleska književnost i kultura na Filološko-umetničkom fakultetu Univerziteta u Kragujevcu ČLAN __________________________________________ dr Tatjana Bijelić, vanredni profesor za užu naučnu oblast Specifične književnosti - angloamerička književnost na Filološkom fakultetu Univerziteta u Banjoj Luci ČLAN __________________________________________ dr Željka Babić, vanredni profesor za užu naučnu oblast Specifični jezici – engleski jezik na Filološkom fakultetu Univerziteta u Banjoj Luci ČLAN - MENTOR __________________________________________ dr Petar Penda, vanredni profesor za užu naučnu oblast Specifične književnosti - angloamerička književnost na Filološkom fakultetu Univerziteta u Banjoj Luci Datum odbrane: _____________________ MENTOR: prof. dr Petar Penda, vanredni profesor, Filološki fakultet Univerziteta u Banjaluci IRSKI NACIONALNI IDENTITET U POETSKOM STVARALAŠTVU VILIJAMA BATLERA JEJTSA Cilj ove studije je da istraži odnos Vilijama Batlera Jejtsa u odnosu na pitanja kolonijalizma i postkolonijalizma te njegov stav kao postkolonijalnog pjesnika. Veliki je broj kritičara koji ga stvrstavaju s jedne strane kao revolucionarnu i antikolonijalnu ličnost, a s druge strane kao pjesnika revolucionarog i kolonijalnog mentaliteta. Glavni argument ove teze je da se kroz približavanje Jejtsove pozicije kao postkolonijalnog pjesnika utemelje pitanja njegove promjene kako ličnosti tako i književnika, te njegovog političkog koncepta i neodređenosti. Teoretski okvir se temelji na konceptu Homi K. Babe (Homi K. Bhabha) o kompliciranosti odnosa identiteta kolonizatora i koloniziranih. Stanovišta koja proizilaze iz ove analize u vezi hibridnosti kolonijalnog subjekta kao i inherentne složenosti i neodređenosti u odnosu između kolonizatora i koloniziranih mogu nam pružiti bolje shvatanje složenih interakcija ovog irskog pisca sa irskim nacionalizmom i britanskim kolonijalizmom. Podrobnijim čitanjem nekih Jejtsovih djela iz različitih perioda njegove veoma duge karijere dolazi se do činjenice da je on u većem dijelu svog života prihvatao dvostruki, dvosmislen pa čak i kontradiktoran položaj u odnosu na svoju političku lojalnost. Prisutnost napetosti i neizvjesnosti koja prožima Jejtsova djela udaljava nas od jednoličnog, statičnog, ravnomjernog i nepromjenljivog čitanja njegovih djela uz posvećivanje posebne pažnje pitanjima kolonijalnog identiteta. Na kraju, postoji uvriježeno mišljenje da postkolonijalni pristup koji se usredotočuje na pitanje različitosti i hibridnosti kolonijanog subjekta može povećati naše shvatanje Jejtsove složene uloge u tome kao i njegov često suprostavljen odnos naspram kolonizirane i potom postkolonijalne Irske. Ključne riječi: Jejts, poezija, hibridni identitet, nacionalni identitet, Irska, preporod, postkolonijalizam, Uskršnji ustanak. Naučna oblast: Engleski jezik i književnost Naučno polje: Nauka književnosti Klasifikaciona oznaka za naučnu oblast prema CERIF šifrarniku: H570 MENTOR: prof. dr Petar Penda, Associate Professor, Faculty of Philology, University of Banjaluka IRISH NATIONAL IDENTITY IN THE POETRY OF WILLIAM BUTLER YEATS The aim of this study is to explore the relationship of William Butler Yeats with regard to the issues of colonialism and post-colonialism, as well as his attitude of the post- colonial poet. A large number of critics have placed him as a revolutionary and anti-colonial figure on the one hand, and as a poet with revolutionary and colonial mentality on the other. The main argument of this thesis is the convergence of Yeats' position as a post-colonial poet by establishing issues of his dual changing as a person and consequently as a writer, as well as his political concepts and uncertainty. The theoretical framework is based on the concept of Homi K. Bhabha, of the complexity of the relationship of identity of colonizers and colonized. The views derived from this analysis regarding the hybridity of the colonial subject as the inherent complexity and uncertainty in the relation to the colonizer and the colonized can provide us some better understanding of the complex interactions of the Irish writer with Irish nationalism and British colonialism. By deeper reading of some Yeats' works from different periods of his very long career one can come down to the fact that in a bigger part of his life he accepted the double, ambiguous and even contradictory position in relation to its own political loyalty. The presence of tension and uncertainty that pervades the works of Yeats alienates us from uniformed, stationary and unchanged reading of his works with a special attention to issues of colonial identity to be paid. Finally, there is a common perception that the post-colonial approach that focuses on the issue of diversity and hybridity of the colonial entity may increase our understanding of Yeats' complex role in it as well as his often juxtaposed relationship versus colonized and then postcolonial Ireland. Key words: Yeats, poetry, hybrid identity, national identity, Ireland, revival, post- colonialism, Easter Rising. Scientific area: English Language and Literature Scientific field: Literature Classification Code for the scientific field under CERIF code book: H570 SADRŽAJ ZAHVALNICA SAŽETAK SUMMARY SADRŽAJ UVOD .......................................................................................................................................... 1 PREGLED RADA ........................................................................................................................ 9 OSNOVNE POSTAVKE I TEORIJSKI PRISTUP ..................................................................... 14 KRITIKE O VILIJAMU BATLERU JEJTSU ............................................................................. 18 POGLAVLJE 1: POSTKOLONIJALIZAM I PITANJE IRSKOG NACIONALNOG IDENTITETA .............................................................................................................................. 32 POGLAVLJE 2: RANI JEJTS I IRSKI NACIONALIZAM ....................................................... 40 2.1. IRSKI NACIONALNI IDENTITET U JEJTSOVOM RANOM STVARALAČKOM PERIODU .........................................................................
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