A COMMENTARY on the COLLECTED POEMS of W. B. YEATS by A
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A COMMENTARY ON THE COLLECTED POEMS OF W. B. YEATS By A. Norman ]effares TRINITY COLLEGE, DUBLIN: DRAWINGS AND DESCRIPTIONS W. B. YEATS: MAN AND POET OLIVER GOLDSMITH THE POETRY OF W. B. YEATS GEORGE MOORE THE CIRCUS ANIMALS: ESSAYS (forthcoming) Edited works MARIA EDGEWORTH, CASTLE RACKRENT AND OTHER STORIES BENJAMIN DISRAELI, SYBIL BENJAMIN DISRAELI, LOTHAIR SEVEN CENTURIES OF POETRY THE SCIENTIFIC BACKGROUND (with M. Bryn Davies) POEMS OF W. B. YEATS SELECTED POEMS OF W. B. YEATS A GOLDSMITH SELECTION COWPER SELECTED PROSE OF W. B. YEATS SELECTED PLAYS OF W. B. YEATS SELECTED CRITICISM OF W. B. YEATS IN EXCITED REVERIE (with K. G. W. Cross) GOLDSMITH, SHE STOOPS TO CONQUER WHITMAN, SELECTED POEMS AND PROSE CONGREVE, INCOGNITA AND THE WAY OF THE WORLD SHERIDAN, THE RIVALS SHERIDAN, THE SCHOOL FOR SCANDAL FAIR LIBERTY WAS ALL HIS CRY CONGREVE, LOVE FOR LOVE FARQUHAR, THE BEAUX' STRATAGEM SWIFT CONGREVE, THE DOUBLE-DEALER FARQUHAR, THE RECRUITING OFFICER SCOTT'S MIND AND ART (forthcoming) A COMMENTARY ON THE COLLECTED POEMS OF W. B. YEATS A. Norman Jeffares Palgrave Macmillan 1968 ISBN 978-1-349-00165-1 ISBN 978-1-349-00163-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-00163-7 © A. Norman Jeffares 1968 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1968 978-0-333-02266-5 Published f:y MACMILLAN AND CO LTD Little Essex Street London wc2 and also at Bombcry Calcutta and Madras Macmillan South Africa (Publishers) Pry Ltd Johannesburg The Macmillan Compaf!Y of Australia Pry Ltd Melbourne The Macmillan Compaf!Y of Canada Ltd Toronto TO ADELE CROWDER Contents PREFACE vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENT vii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ix CHRONOLOGY OF YEATS'S LIFE xiii THE CONTENTS OF THE COLLECTED POEMS xxi COMMENTARY 1 APPENDIX I: GAELIC NAMES 539 APPENDIX II: DIAGRAM FROM A VISION 540 INDEX TO TITLES 54I INDEX TO FIRST LINES 553 Maps YEATS'S IRELAND xxxiii YEATS'S SLIGO xxxiv v Preface T H r s commentary is intended to assist the reader of Yeats's Collected Poems (page references to the second edition (1950) are given in the margin in bold face type). It attempts to date the composition of poems where this is possible and to give the place of first publi cation. Yeats's prose has been quoted where it throws light on the meaning of particular poems : thus his notes to early editions are included as well as passages from his critical and autobiographical prose. Abbreviations of the titles of works cited are given in a list on pp. ix-xii. His inconsistencies in spelling have been retained ; an appendix gives his views on the pronunciation and spelling of Gaelic names. For help in annotating them I am deeply indebted to Dr Brendan Kennelly. The commentary owes much to the helpful kindness of Mrs Yeats, who allowed the editor access to Yeats's library and manu scripts. Readers will be able to supplement the bibliographical information by referring to The Variorum Edition of the Poems of W. B. Yeats (ed. Allt and Alspach). A Concordance to the Poems of W. B. Yeats (ed. Parrish and Painter) affords a quick means of com paring the images and symbols used by the poet. The commentary has, for reasons of space, avoided critical comment or judgement, and has been confined to providing information which will help readers to assess the effects of Yeats's sources, his wide and unusual reading, and his life - and to understand some factual meanings of poems and the circumstances in which some poems were written. Much- despite the continuing, specialised work on Yeats by critics and scholars-remains uncertain and obscure. And the poet himself would probably not have objected to this situation: 'I don't want them', he once remarked to his wife, 'to know all about every thing.' It is largely thanks to her work, her care in preserving his manuscripts and library, her unselfish readiness to help scholars in their enquiries, that we can piece our thoughts about his work into our own individual views of his great poetic achievement. Ledenon, France. A. NoRMAN ]EFFARES 1967 vi Acknowledgement THE quotations from the work of W. B. Yeats are reprinted by kind permission of Mr Michael Butler Yeats. vii Abbreviations BOOKS BY YEATS A Autobiographies (I 9 55) AV(A) A Vision (I925) AV(B) A Vision (I937) BS The Bounty of Sweden (I925) CK The Countess Kathleen and Various Legends and Lyrics (I892). (In Poems (I895) and subsequent printings the spelling Countess Cathleen was used) CP Collected Poems (I 9 3 3 ; 2nd ed., with later poems added, I950). References are to the second edition unless otherwise stated. CPI Collected Plays (I934; 2nd ed., with additional plays, I95 2)· CT The Celtic Twilight (I893) cw Collected Works (I9o8). DP Dramatis Personae (Dublin, I935; London, I936). The latter edition includes Estrangement, The Death of Synge and The Bounty of Sweden. DWL Letters on Poetry from W. B. Yeats to Dorothy Wellesley (I940; reissued I964). References are to the I964 reissue. E Explorations (I962) E&I Essays and Introductions (I96I) FFT Fairy and Folk Tales of the Irish Peasantry (I888) FMM A Full Moon in March (I935) GH The Green Helmet and Other Poems (I9Io) ISW In the Seven Woods (I9o3) KGCT The King of the Great Clock Tower (I934) L Letters, ed. Allan Wade (I954) LKT Letters to Katharine Tynan, ed. Roger McHugh (I95 3) M Mythologies (I959) Az. ix A Commentary on the Collected Poems of W. B. Yeats MRD Michael Robartes and the Dancer (192.1) NP New Poems (1938) OB October Blast (192.7) OTB On the Boiler (1939) P (189s) Poems (189s) PASL Per Amica Silentia Lunae (1918) PW Poetical Works, 2. vols (1906; 1907) PWD Poems Written in Discouragement (1913) RIT Representative Irish Tales RPP Responsibilities: Poems and a Plqy (1914) SPF Seven Poems and a Fragment (192.2.) SSY The Senate Speeches of W. B. Yeats, ed. Donald T. Torchiana (196o) TSR The Secret Rose (1897). There was an enlarged and revised edition in 1902.. References are to the 1897 edition. VE The Variorum Edition of the Poems of W. B. Yeats, ed. Peter Alit and Russell K. Alspach (19n) VPI The Variorum Edition of the Plqys of W. B. Yeats, ed. Russell K. Alspach (1966) W&B Wheels and Butterflies (1934) WPM Words for Music Perhaps and Other Poems (1932.) wo The Wanderings of Oisin and Other Poems (1889) WR The Wind Among the Reeds (1899) ws The Winding Stair and Other Poems (1933) wsc The Wild Swans at Coole (1917) WWP The Words upon the Window-pane (1934) Y&TSM W. B. Yeats and T. Sturge Moore. Their Correspondence 1901-1937, ed. Ursula Bridge (1953) OTHER BOOKS B A Bibliography of the Writings of W. B. Yeats, ed. Allan Wade, 2.nd ed. (19s8) BL J. Stallworthy, Between the Lines (1963) ED Richard Ellmann, Eminent Domain (1967) HG An Honoured Guest, ed. Denis Donoghue and J. R. Mulryne (196s) HI Edmund Curtis, A History of Ireland (1936) HS C. M. Bowra, The Heritage of Symbolism (1943) X Ust of Abbreviations ICL Birgit Bjersby, The Interpretation of the Cuchulain Legend in the Works of W. B. Yeats (I95o) IER In Excited Reverie, ed. A. Norman Jeffares and K. G. W. Cross (I965) IP D. J. Gordon, W. B. Yeats, Images of a Poet (I96I) IY Richard Ellmann, The Identity of Yeats (I954) LT T. R. Henn, The Lone!J Tower (I95o; rev. ed. I965). References are to the I 96 5 edition. LTHS John Butler Yeats, Letters to his Son W. B. Yeats and others (I944) PYP George Brandon Saul, Prolegomena to the Stut!J of Yeats's Poems (I957) RG John Unterecker, A Reader's Guide toW. B. Yeats (I959) RI Frank Kermode, Romantic Image (I957) SQ Maud Gonne MacBride, A Servant of the Queen (I938) TM Peter Ure, Towards a Mytholoo (I946) W'BY J. M. Hone, W. B. Yeats r86J-I9J9 (I942; rev. ed. I962). References are to the I962 edition. WMA Giorgio Mdchiori, The Whole MJstery of Art (I96o) Y&GI Donald T. Torchiana, Yeats and Georgian Ireland (I966) Y&T F. A. C. Wilson, W. B. Yeats and Tradition (I958) YCE W. B. Yeats r86J-I9J9 Centenary Essqys, ed. D. E. S. Maxwell and S. B. Bushrui (I965) YI F. A. C. Wilson, Yeats's Iconography (I96o) Y:M&M Richard Ellmann, Yeats : the Man and the Masks (I 948 ; rev. ed. I96I). References are to the I948 edition. Y:M&P A. Norman Jeffares, Yeats: Man and Poet (I949, rev. ed. I962). References are to the I962 edition. YP&T A. G. Stock, W. B. Yeats His Poetry and Thought (I96I, rev. ed. I964). References are to the I964 edition. YTLP Thomas Parkinson, W. B. Yeats : the Later Poetry (I964) JOURNALS BR British Review D The Dome DM Dublin Magazine DUR Dublin University Review xi A Commentary on the Collected Poems of W. B. Yeats ER English Review IM Irish Month(y IR Irish Review LM London Mercury LR London Review N The Nation NO National Observer NR New Review P(Ch) Poetry (Chicago) RES Review of English Studies s The Savoy so Scots Observer SR Saturday Review TB The Bookman UI United Ireland xii Chronology of Yeats, s Lift 1865 William Butler Yeats, the son of John Butler Yeats and his wife, Susan (nee Polle:xfen), born at Georgeville, Sandy mount Avenue, Dublin, 13 June. 1867 John Butler Yeats moves with his family to 2.3 Fitzroy Road, Regent's Park, London. Robert (d. 1873), John Butler (Jack), Elizabeth Corbet (Lolly} were born here.