University of Manitoba

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

University of Manitoba LAND LEASING DEBATE IN JASPER AND BANFF NATIONAL PARKS: A CASE STUDY ON PRESSURE GROUP BEHAVIOUR By JOSTPH GARCEA A thesi s submi tted i n parti a'l ful f j I lment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS Department of Pol'itical Studies, University of Manitoba JUNE, 1982 LAND LEASING DEBATE IN JASPER AND BANFF NATIONAL PARKS: A CASE STUDY ON PRESSURE GROUP BEHAVIOUR BY JOSEPH GARCEA A thesis submitted to fhe Faculty of craduate studies of the university of Manitoba in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of MASTER OF ARTS o 1982 Pernrission has been gra'ted to the LIBRAR.Y oF THE UNIVER- SITY OF MANITOBA to lend or sell copies of this thesis, to the NATIONAL I-lBRARY oF CANADA ro microfilm this thesis and to lend or seil copies of trre firnr, and UNIVERSITY MICROFILMS to publish an abstract of this rhesis. author rte reserves oilrer pubricatio¡l rigrrts, and neither trre thesis nor extensjve extracts from it may be printed or other_ wise reproduced without the autl.¡or's written permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS Pa ge ACKNOWLEDGEI'IENTS .....J ABSTRACT ...... ii Chapter l. Introduct'ion.. i Analyt'ical Framework ... 5 Pressure Group Typology.. 6 Techniques and Nature of Lobbyìng Activìty. 9 Locus of Lobbyìng Actìv'ity. ii Research Questions. 16 l4ethodology.. 17 Data and Information Sources. 18 Chapter D'ivjsions.. 20 2 The Pol 'i cy Envi ronment and Organi zational Setti ng. ?I Poi'icy Devel opnrents ?I Organizatjonal Devel opments 32 Local Representat'ive and/or Govern'ing Bodi es . 40 J.1 Initiatives and Interaction l885-1960: The Formati ve Years. 45 4. Initiat'ives and Interaction 1960-1970: The Confrontationist Decade 85 tr In'itiat'ives and Interaction 1968-1973: The Confrontationist Quinquenn'ium.. 118 Table of Contents (contrd) Pa ge 6. Initiatives and interact'ion 1974-1979: The Accommodative Interlude.. ... I49 7. Initiat'ives and Interaction 1979-1982: The Return to Confrontati on. I72 Conclusion .....207 B'ibl i ography. ¿15 l. AC KNOl,JL IDG EM ENTS I w'ish to thank the many peopie who ejther by granting me access to official or persona i fj I es , consenti ng to i ntervi ews , answerì ng questi ons , or typìng the various drafts of thjs thesis, fac'ilitated its completion. In particular I extend speciaì thanks to my advisor Professor Paul G. Thomas for hjs guidance throughout. J.G. 'tl ABSTRACT 'is exami ne the j ni ti at j ves The genera'l purpose of thi s study to , and interactions of local resident groups ìn Jasper and Banff with the federal government concernìng various aspects of the land leasìng issue from l8B5 to 1982. That issue jnvo'lves dìsputes over leasing terms, land rents, and the closeìy related quest'ions of townsite management and local sel f-government. The research ut'i I i zes an hi stori cal -analyti ca1 approach and is couched in pressure group theory. l4ore specifically, it utilizes an analytjcaì framework proferred by Paul Pross for analyzing pressure group behavi oulin Canada . 'l The four pri nci pa'l research questì ons are as fol I ows : ) who are the local pressure groups that have been'involved in the land leasing debate, what have been their objectives, and where do they fit'in Pross's typology; ?) what has been the locus of thejr lobbyìng activity has it been primariìy the execut'ive, the bureaucracy or the leg'islature; 3) what has been the nature of their lobbying act'iv'ity has it been prìmariìy access-oriented or ræd'ia-oriented, and accommodatjve or confrontationist; and 4) does their behav'iour conform to Pross's propositions for pressure groups in theìr particular category? The research findìngs indicated that the local pressure groups from Jasper and Banff were the School Boards, the Chambers of Cor¡merce, and the Advisory Councils which were superseded by the Jasper Towns'ite Committee and the Banff Community Society. The principaì obiect'ives of those groups have been nominal land rents, equjtable service taxes, security of tenure on leases, and greater resjdent ìnput into townsjte management. G'iven their organjzational features they approximate Pross's category of fledgling and mature groups. The locus of theìr lobbying act'ivity has genera'lìy been ft]. successive min'isters respons'ible for national parks, a'lmost to the comp]ete exclusion of other Cabinet members and senior bureaucrats. The major exception was a five year perìod from 1974 to 1979 in whjch they had consjderable interaction with bureaucrats. The federal ìegìslative arena served prìmarily as an appeal nechanism in whjch M.P.s acted as ombudsnen, I i ai son offi cers and even I obbyi sts . The pressure groups aì so expìoited the federal nature of the system by using the Alberta government as an appeaì mechanism. ldhile their ìobbyìng technìques varied, the general tendency of the groups was to empìoy access-oriented techniques of an accoìmodative nature, and only when those proved unsatisfactory did they resort both to access and media orjented techniques of a confrontationist nature, and ultìmately even to "'legaì advocacy". Such behavjour conforms, at least in a general wâY, to Pross's tentative propos'itions for pressure groups in the mature and fledgì ing cateEories. In fact, these findings reflect, that there was a close correlation between jstitutional growth and increasing'ìy sophis- tjcated behaviour over tjme. Yet, whjle it is conceded that organizational and systemic factors are significant determjnants of pressure group behaviour, this research concludes that perhaps even more s'ignificant determjnants are the importance that governmentaì and non-governmental actors attach to certajn issues, and their respective perceptions of one anoth e r. CHAPTER 1 I NTRODUCTI ON The first Canadian national park was established nearly a century ago. Today there are over thirty nationaì parks in thjs country and at least another half-dozen in the p'ìann'ing. Thìs gives canada the dis- t'inction of havìng one of the most extensive and perhaps also one of the 'l best nati onal park systems i n the worl d. Neverthel ess , 'i ke others , ì t also has ìts problems. Durìng the past several decades members of dl'f- ferent academ'ic discìp'l'ines have examined various aspects of the Canadian national park system. Numerous studies have focussed on the biologìcaì, geologicaì, and environmental features of vanious parks, several have examined the environmental impact of various management practìces, and soire have even examìned the economic impact of national parks on certain 1 regions.' Few studies however have focussed on the polr't'ica'l factors surrounding the land leasìng practìces jn the nat'ional parks.2 To do so is the broad purpose of this study. when the f i rst nat'ional park was establ'ished some major poì ìcy obiectjves and princ'ip'ìes were enunciated which, with varyìng degrees of conmjtment, have been upheld to the present. Two of the nlost signìficant obiectjves outlined 'in successive national park acts and policy state- ments are: (l) that all national park lands are to be crown property; lFo" un extens'ive bibìiography on a'll the.se'areas see J.G. Nelson and R.c. Scace, eds., The canadian Nat'ional parks: Today and Tomorrow Conference I, (Calgary R:C.$ace, eds . , Íhe- Canadi an ruali onál parfté: Today a nd Tomorrow Confer- ence I I , (l.la te r:l oo '".n. the three volume work by W.F. Lothian, A Hiqtory of Canada' Nqlignal Parks, (Ottawa, Parks Canada, Voi. l, l 976,m. 3, î9-79I;ffiì-.'Nelson, ed., þnadiañ ruat'ionál parrs in pãispectíue, (Montreal: Harvest House Ltd.,m a L and (2) that natjonal park land granted for private use must be granted accordjng to specia'l land leasìng or ljcencing arrangements for an econ- omic rent. It'is these two related tenets of park ìand tenure that con- stitute the basjs of an interest'ing and at times intense land leasìng debate in some of Canada's natjonal parks. in the words of W.F. Lothian: When the foundìng fathers of Canada's national park system made provisions Rocky Mountajns Park in the 'lease Act of 1BBT for the di sposa'l of I and by for the purposes of trade, industry and ordinary habitat'ion they init.iated a phase of admin'istration that would bother park officjals for nnny years to come. The terms for wh'ich leases were drawn, the rates of rentals to be charged, and the rìght to perpetual renewal would collectiveìy and separately 'legìslationproduce problems requìring extended negot'iqtìon, frequent and considerable pacìfication. J It js conceded that it would be ideal to gìve comprehensive con- siderat'ion to all the Canadjan nat'ional parks in whjch land ìeasing has proved to be a signìficant'issue. That is not poss'ib1e, however, due to time contraints and problems in gathering suffìcient jnformat'ion on all the parks. Another contributìng factor to that decjsion'is that, as is alluded to'in the above quotation, the land leasìng issue is nejther simple nor unjdimens'ional, but multjfaceted and compiex. In add'ition to the fundamental questìon of whether nationa'ì park land should be granted for private use, 'it also involves a set of corollary questions. For examp'le, given that park land js to be used for prìvate purposes, questìons arjse about how much should be granted and for what purposes; should it be granted by lease or sold; what should be the duratjon and terms of a lease; and what rent should the crown request for leased land? Other questìons which figure promjnentlyin the land leasing debate'in Jasper and 3tothi an , op.
Recommended publications
  • Allan A.Warrak
    1 ALLAN A. WARRAK Allan Alexander Warrack was born on May 24, 1937 in Calgary, Alberta and was raised in Langdon, southeast of the city. He attended Olds Agricultural College before going on to the University of Alberta where he received a B Sc degree in agricultural sciences in 1961. He then attended Iowa State University where he obtained MS and PhD degrees in 1963 and 1967, respectively. He began teaching at the University of Alberta and, in 1971, ran for provincial office in the riding of Three Hills. He defeated the Social Credit incumbent by eight votes and was part of the victory that brought the Progressive Conservative party to power ending 36 years of Social Credit rule. The new Premier, Peter Lougheed, appointed him to the Executive Council of Alberta and Minister of Lands and Forests. Warrack ran for a second term in office, in 1975, and readily defeated three other candidates, and was appointed Minister of Utilities and Telephones. Warrack retired from provincial politics at dissolution of the Legislative Assembly in 1979. He returned to the University of Alberta where he initially taught agricultural economics and later business economics in the Faculty of Business. He moved up the academic ranks and became a tenured professor as well as serving for five years as University of Alberta Vice-President Administration and Finance. Warrack also served as Associate Dean of the Master of Public Management Program. He is the recipient of a number of awards including the Province of Alberta Centennial Medal (2005) and the University of Alberta Alumni Honour Award (2009).
    [Show full text]
  • James Allison Glen from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
    James Allison Glen From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Hon. James Allison Glen Member of the Canadian Parliament for Marquette In office 1926–1930 Preceded by Henry Mullins Succeeded by Henry Mullins In office 1935–1948 Preceded by Henry Mullins Succeeded by Stuart Garson Personal details Born December 18, 1877 Renton, Scotland Died June 28, 1950 (aged 72) Ottawa, Ontario Political party Liberal Progressive (1926-1945) Liberal Party of Canada (1945-1948) Cabinet Minister of Mines and Resources (1945-1948) Portfolio Speaker of the House of Commons (1940-1945) James Allison Glen, PC (December 18, 1877 – June 28, 1950) was a Canadian parliamentarian and Speaker of the Canadian House of Commonsfrom 1940 to 1945. Early life[edit] Born in Renton, Scotland, Glen graduated in law from the University of Glasgow before immigrating to Canada in 1911 where he settled in Winnipeg. He later moved to Russell, Manitoba, where he practised law and was elected to the school board. Politics[edit] A supporter of the Progressive Party in Manitoba, Glen had been the chief organizer for party leader Thomas Crerar in the 1917 federal election when Crerar was a Liberal-Unionist candidate, and the 1921 election in which the Progressives made their debut. Glen was first elected to the Canadian House of Commons in the 1926 election as a Liberal- Progressive at a time when Manitoba Progressives, including the Manitoba Progressive Party provincial government, had decided to align with the Liberals in order to increase their influence. He lost his seat in the 1930 election, but re-elected to Parliament in the federal election of 1935.
    [Show full text]
  • Core 1..164 Hansard (PRISM::Advent3b2 10.50)
    CANADA Débats de la Chambre des communes e e VOLUME 145 Ï NUMÉRO 063 Ï 3 SESSION Ï 40 LÉGISLATURE COMPTE RENDU OFFICIEL (HANSARD) Le mardi 15 juin 2010 Présidence de l'honorable Peter Milliken TABLE DES MATIÈRES (La table des matières quotidienne des délibérations se trouve à la fin du présent numéro.) 3837 CHAMBRE DES COMMUNES Le mardi 15 juin 2010 La séance est ouverte à 10 heures. Toutefois, je préviens le gouvernement que l'opposition officielle restera vigilante tout au long du processus. Le processus dépend beaucoup du comportement honnête de tous les partis à partir de maintenant. Nous nous attendrons à ce genre de comportement et Prière demanderons des comptes au gouvernement à la lumière de l'information qui sera mise à la disposition des députés. AFFAIRES COURANTES Ï (1000) Nous estimons que l'entente maintient le principe de la [Traduction] souveraineté du Parlement, que vous avez décrit avec tant LOI SUPPRIMANT LA LIBÉRATION ANTICIPÉE DES d'éloquence, monsieur le Président, dans votre décision d'avril. Elle DÉLINQUANTS ET ACCROISSANT LEUR reconnaît le droit des députés de savoir, de détenir l'information et de RESPONSABILITÉ l'utiliser pour responsabiliser le gouvernement. L'entente élimine tout L'hon. Vic Toews (ministre de la Sécurité publique, PCC) contrôle unilatéral ou arbitraire de l'information par le gouvernement demande à présenter le projet de loi C-39, Loi modifiant la Loi sur le tout en protégeant la sécurité nationale. Nous avons l'intention d'agir système correctionnel et la mise en liberté sous condition et d'autres conformément aux modalités de cette entente, en toute bonne foi, lois en conséquence.
    [Show full text]
  • The Statesmanship of Sir John A. Macdonald and Louis Riel
    University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Graduate Studies The Vault: Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2016 The Statesmanship of Sir John A. Macdonald and Louis Riel Anderson, Timothy Anderson, T. (2016). The Statesmanship of Sir John A. Macdonald and Louis Riel (Unpublished doctoral thesis). University of Calgary, Calgary, AB. doi:10.11575/PRISM/28389 http://hdl.handle.net/11023/3317 doctoral thesis University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission. Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY The Statesmanship of Sir John A. Macdonald and Louis Riel by Timothy Douglas Anderson A THESIS SUMBITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY GRADUATE PROGRAM IN POLITICAL SCIENCE CALGARY, ALBERTA SEPTEMBER, 2016 © Timothy Douglas Anderson 2016 ii ABSTRACT How might we better understand the Canadian regime? This inquiry provides a review of a moment in Canadian political history and its statesmen that stands as an example of the practice that shaped Canadian nationhood. Sir John A. Macdonald and Louis Riel were the only “Fathers of Confederation” to meet in pitched battle. Their conflicts between 1869 and 1885 shaped two separate and core elements of the Canadian regime: English-French and East-West tensions. Through a lens of statesmanship, this inquiry analyzes the thoughts and actions of these two men.
    [Show full text]
  • Imperial Standard: Imperial Oil, Exxon, and the Canadian Oil Industry from 1880
    University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository University of Calgary Press University of Calgary Press Open Access Books 2019-04 Imperial Standard: Imperial Oil, Exxon, and the Canadian Oil Industry from 1880 Taylor, Graham D. University of Calgary Press Taylor, G. D. (2019). Imperial Standard: Imperial Oil, Exxon, and the Canadian Oil Industry from 1880. "University of Calgary Press". http://hdl.handle.net/1880/110195 book https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca IMPERIAL STANDARD: Imperial Oil, Exxon, and the Canadian Oil Industry from 1880 Graham D. Taylor ISBN 978-1-77385-036-8 THIS BOOK IS AN OPEN ACCESS E-BOOK. It is an electronic version of a book that can be purchased in physical form through any bookseller or on-line retailer, or from our distributors. Please support this open access publication by requesting that your university purchase a print copy of this book, or by purchasing a copy yourself. If you have any questions, please contact us at [email protected] Cover Art: The artwork on the cover of this book is not open access and falls under traditional copyright provisions; it cannot be reproduced in any way without written permission of the artists and their agents. The cover can be displayed as a complete cover image for the purposes of publicizing this work, but the artwork cannot be extracted from the context of the cover of this specific work without breaching the artist’s copyright. COPYRIGHT NOTICE: This open-access work is published under a Creative Commons licence.
    [Show full text]
  • Uvic Thesis Template
    Not Just “Harper‟s Rules”: The Problem with Responsible Government as Critical Morality by Michael Edward Smith B.A., University of Western Ontario, 2008 A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS in the Department of Political Science Michael Edward Smith, 2010 University of Victoria All rights reserved. This thesis may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without the permission of the author. ii Supervisory Committee Not Just “Harper‟s Rules”: The Problem with Responsible Government as Critical Morality by Michael Edward Smith B.A., University of Western Ontario, 2008 Supervisory Committee Dr. Dennis Pilon, Department of Political Science, University of Victoria Supervisor Dr. Herman Bakvis, Department of Political Science, University of Victoria Departmental Member iii Abstract Supervisory Committee Dr. Dennis Pilon, Department of Political Science, University of Victoria Supervisor Dr. Herman Bakvis, Department of Political Science, University of Victoria Departmental Member The Canadian constitutional crisis of 2008 triggered a renewed interest in the structure and workings of Canada‟s institutions of government. Particular controversy was generated by Prime Minister Stephen Harper‟s assertion that only the political party with the most seats in the House of Commons has the right to form a government and that it is illegitimate for the opposition parties to form a coalition with a legislative majority. Peter Russell terms these contentions “Harper‟s New Rules”, and is one of a large group of scholars who deride the rules as being undemocratic and in violation of the traditional practice of parliamentary democracy and responsible government (which holds that the House of Commons is the final arbiter on the viability of potential governments).
    [Show full text]
  • LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY of ALBERTA [The House Met at 2:30
    December 8, 1981 ALBERTA HANSARD 2177 LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF ALBERTA Auditor General shall perform such special duties as many be specified by the Executive Council". Those du• Title: Tuesday, December 8, 1981 2:30 p.m. ties have been specified and communicated, to give a full and complete review of the matter by the Auditor Gener• al. If members of the opposition believe other matters [The House met at 2:30 p.m.] should be considered they, together with any other member of the public, may communicate directly to the Auditor General. If he wishes, he can give the communi• PRAYERS cation the weight he believes such communication deserves. [Mr. Speaker in the Chair] MR. R. SPEAKER: Mr. Speaker, a supplementary ques• tion. In light of the answer, will the Premier consider an amendment to The Auditor General Act which would head: ORAL QUESTION PERIOD give status to members of this Legislature in terms of communication with the Auditor General — formal sta• Heritage Savings Trust Fund Auditing tus, as the status of the Executive Council, as the status of this Legislative Assembly as a whole? MR. R. SPEAKER: Mr. Speaker, my question this af• ternoon is to the Premier, with regard to the letter tabled MR. LOUGHEED: Mr. Speaker, obviously the hon. in the Legislature yesterday. I wonder if the Premier has Leader of the Opposition is having some difficulty read• had an opportunity to review that letter and has made a ing these Acts. Section 17(1) reads: "The Auditor General decision to forward it to the Auditor General, giving the shall perform such special duties as may be specified by tabled letter from Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • PF Vol6 No1.Pdf (9.908Mb)
    PRAIRIE FORUM VoI.6,No.1 Spring 1981 CONTENTS F.W.G. Haultain, Territorial Politics and the Quasi-party System Sta"nley Gordon The WCTU on the Prairies, 1886-1930: An Alberta-Saskatchewan Comparison 17 Nancy M. Sheehan Soldier Settlement and Depression Settlement in the Forest 35 Fringe of Saskatchewan John McDonald The Conservative Party of Alberta under Lougheed, 1965-71: Building an Image and an Organization 57 Meir Serfaty The Historiography of the Red River Settlement, 1830-1868 75 Frits Pannekoek Prairie Theses, 1978-79 87 Book Reviews (see overleaf) 101 PRAIRIE FORUM is published twice yearly, in Spring and Fall,at an annual subscription of $15.00. All subscriptions, correspondence and contribu­ tions should be sent to The Editor, Prairie Forum, Canadian Plains Research Center, University of Regina, Regina,Saskatchewan, Canada, S4S OA2. Subscribers will also receive the Canadian Plains Bulletin, the newsletter of the Canadian Plains Research Center. PRAIRIE FORUM is not responsible for statements, either of fact or of opinion, made by contributors. COPYRIGHT1981 ISSN0317-6282 CANADIAN PLAINS RESEARCH CENTER BOOK REVIEWS paNTING, J.R. and GIBBINS, R., Out of Irrelevance 101 by D. Bruce Sealey KROTZ, lARRY, Urban Indians: The Strangers in Canada's Cities 102 by Oliver Brass KROETSCH, ROBERT, ed., Sundogs: Stories from Saskatchewan 104 by Donald C. Kerr DURIEUX, MARCEL, Ordinary Heroes: The Journal of a French Pioneer in Alberta by Andre Lalonde 106 BOCKING, D.H., ed., Pages from the Past: Essays on Saskatchewan , History by Elizabeth Blight 107 OWRAM, DOUG, Promise of Eden: The Canadian Expansionist Movement and the Idea of the West, 1856-1900 110 by Donald Swainson KOESTER, C.B., Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Canadion Political Parties: Origin, Character, Impact (Scarborough: Prentice-Hail, 1975), 30
    OUTSIDELOOKING IN: A STUDYOF CANADIANFRINGE PARTIES by Myrna J. Men Submitted in partial fulnllment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia September, 1997 O Copyright by Myrna Men Nationai LiBrary Bibliothèque nationale du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographie Services sewices bibliographiques 395 WelJiiStreet 395. nie Wellington OtEawaON KIAW -ON K1AûN4 canada canada The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accordé une Iicence non exclusive licence allowing the exclusive permettant à la National Library of Canada to Biblioihèque nationale du Canada de reproduce, ioan, distribute or sell reproduire, prêter, distniuer ou copies of this thesis in microform, vendre des copies de cette thèse sous paper or elecîronic formats. la forme de microfiche/film, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format électronique. The author retains ownership of the L'auteur conserve la propriété du copyright in this thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor substantial extracts Eom it Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels may be printed or othewise de celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés reproduced without the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation. As with any thesis, there are many people to pay tribute to who helped me with this effort. It is with this in mind that 1 mention Dr. Herman Bakvis, whose assistance, advice and patience was of great value. Thanks also to Dr. Peter Aucoin and Dr. David Cameron for their commentary and suggestions. FinaLiy, 1 wish to thank my family and fnends who supported and encouraged me in my academic endeavours.
    [Show full text]
  • Upper Legislative Houses in North Atlantic Small Powers 1800–Present Edited by Nikolaj Bijleveld, Colin Grittner, David E
    Reforming Senates This new study of senates in small powers across the North Atlantic shows that the establishment and the reform of these upper legislative houses have followed remarkably parallel trajectories. Senate reforms emerged in the wake of deep political crises within the North Atlantic world and were influenced by the comparatively weak positions of small powers. Reformers responded to crises and constantly looked beyond borders and oceans for inspiration to keep their senates relevant. Nikolaj Bijleveld, historian, is a staff member at the University of Groningen. Colin Grittner teaches Canadian history in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, and has held postdoctoral fellowships at the University of British Columbia and the University of New Brunswick. David E. Smith is a former president of the Canadian Political Science Association and the author of a number of books on the Canadian Parliament and Canadian federalism. Wybren Verstegen is Associate Professor in Economic and Social History at Vrije University, Amsterdam. Routledge Studies in Modern History Castro and Franco The Backstage of Cold War Diplomacy Haruko Hosoda Model Workers in China, 1949–1965 Constructing A New Citizen James Farley Making Sense of Mining History Themes and Agendas Edited by Stefan Berger and Peter Alexander Transatlantic Trade and Global Cultural Transfers Since 1492 More Than Commodities Edited by Martina Kaller and Frank Jacob Contesting the Origins of the First World War An Historiographical Argument Troy R E Paddock India at 70 Multidisciplinary Approaches Edited by Ruth Maxey and Paul McGarr 1917 and the Consequences Edited by Gerhard Besier and Katarzyna Stoklosa Reforming Senates Upper Legislative Houses in North Atlantic Small Powers 1800–present Edited by Nikolaj Bijleveld, Colin Grittner, David E.
    [Show full text]
  • Confidential: for Review Only
    BMJ Confidential: For Review Only Does the stress of politics kill? An observational study comparing premature mortality of elected leaders to runner-ups in national elections of 8 countries Journal: BMJ Manuscript ID BMJ.2015.029691 Article Type: Christmas BMJ Journal: BMJ Date Submitted by the Author: 02-Oct-2015 Complete List of Authors: Abola, Matthew; Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Olenski, Andrew; Harvard Medical School, Health Care Policy Jena, Anupam; Harvard Medical School, Health Care Policy Keywords: premature mortality, politics https://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/bmj Page 1 of 46 BMJ 1 2 3 Does the stress of politics kill? An observational study comparing accelerated 4 5 6 mortality of elected leaders to runners-up in national elections of 17 countries 7 8 Confidential: For Review Only 9 10 1 2 3 11 Andrew R. Olenski, B.A., Matthew V. Abola, B.A., , Anupam B. Jena, M.D, Ph.D. 12 13 14 15 1 Research assistant, Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, 180 16 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115. Email: [email protected] . 17 18 2 19 Medical student, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 2109 Adelbert 20 Rd., Cleveland, OH 44106. Phone: 216-286-4923; Email: [email protected]. 21 22 3 Associate Professor, Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, 180 23 24 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115; Tel: 617-432-8322; Department of Medicine, 25 Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; and National Bureau of Economic 26 Research, Cambridge, MA. Email: [email protected]. 27 28 29 30 31 Corresponding author from which reprints should be requested: 32 33 Anupam Jena, M.D., Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • The Election Issues in 1921 Managing the Economy and Being
    The Election Issues in 1921 Managing the economy and being responsible to Canadians in the post-war world emerge as dominant issues. The debate about free trade and the tariff played a significant role in this election. However, 1921 was not as focused on a single-issue as the 1911 election. Policy issues took a backseat to accusations of government mismanagement and leadership qualities. The Tariff The tariff was regarded in different ways in different parts of the country. For western farmers, the tariff meant low prices for their agricultural products and high cost for farm implements. For eastern business interests, the tariff was desirable because it protected Canadian industry and manufacturing. The debate over the tariff played its most important role before the election, acting as the catalyst for the creation of an independent western political movement in the Progressive Party. Throughout the campaign, the opinions of leaders and their electorate regarding the tariff were already deeply embedded. Government Mismanagement and Accountability At the end of World War I, the Canadian economy was starting to decline. The main problems were unemployment and a drop in manufacturing. Party leaders made the faltering economy an issue of government mismanagement. The Union government was blamed with the economic problems facing Canada. Issues such as government waste during the war, the public debt, increased taxes, and the management of public affairs were characterized as shortcomings of the Union government. Old issues, such as support of conscription, were also brought up again to characterize candidates. http://www.mapleleafweb.com/voter-almanac/1921-federal-election-canada#historical The Liberal Party The Liberals were faced with rebuilding their party after World War I.
    [Show full text]