Turystyka Religijna
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Relics of the Bulgarian National Epic
PAISStt OF HILENDAR: FOUNDER OF THE NATIONAL IDEOLOGY In modern historiography the first centuries of the of the respectful image of Mediaeval Bulgaria. In Sremski Ottoman rule of Bulgarian lands are determined as Late Karlovci, one of the most active literary centres of the Middle Ages. The time from the beginning of the 18th time, Paissi read the book of Dubrovnik Abbot Mavro century to the 1877-1878 Russo-Turkish War is called Orbini "The Realm of the Slavs" in which he discovered Bulgarian National Revival. If the National Revival period considerable evidence about the Bulgarians' past. for Northern Bulgaria and the Sofia Region continued by In 1762 he completed "Slav-Bulgarian History, about 1878, for Eastern Rumelia it was by 1885 and for the People and the Kings, the Bulgarian Saints and All Macedonia and Adrianople Thrace by 1912-1913. Bulgarian Activities and Events". In 83 hand-written The National Revival in the Bulgarian lands witnessed pages the inspired Hilendar Monk interpreted using considerable economic progress. The Bulgarian were romantic and heightened tone the grandour of increasingly getting rid of their mediaeval restricted out- Mediaeval Bulgaria, the victory of the Bulgarian army look and helplessness and were gradually getting aware over Byzantium, the impressive bravery and manliness of as people, aspiring towards economic and cultural the Bulgarians, the historic mission of the Cyril and progress. Hilendar monk Paissii became a mouthpiece of Methodius brothers and other eloquent facts, worthy to these changes in the national self-awareness. He was be remembers and respected by the successors. Already the first to perceive the beginning of the new time and in the forward this noted Bulgarian appealed with gen- the need of formulating verbally the maturing historical uine sincerity towards his compatriots to love and keep prospects and tasks before the Bulgarian people. -
Rila Monastery Nature Park Management Plan 2004-2013
The Minister of the Environment and Waters D. Arsenova Rila Monastery Nature Park Management Plan 2004-2013 DRAFT Adopted by Decision # ххх of the Council of Ministers dated хх.хх, 2004 Presented by ARD/BCEGP in fulfillment of Terms of Reference commissioned by the Ministry of the Environment and Waters, # хх-хх-хххх, March 2001 The drafting and publication of this Management Plan was made possible through the generous support of the Environment, Energy and Social Transition Department of the Europe and Eurasia Desk of the United States Agency for International Development, pursuant to Contract # LAG-I-00-99-00013-00. All opinions expressed herein are solely at the authors’ discretion and do not necessarily reflect the position of the United States Agency for International Development. February, 2004 Team of Authors The Core Planning Team which drafted the present Management Plan for Rila Monastery Nature Park comprises the following members: Dr. Petar Yankov D.Sc. (ecology/zoology), Dr. Dimitar Peev D.Sc. (ecology/botany), Eng. Ventsisval Velichkov (forest engineer), Mrs. Snezhana Kostadinova (sociologist), as well as the members of the Coordinating Team of the BCEG Project, as follows: Dr. Peter Hetz (team leader), Dimitrina Boteva, MSc. (biodiversity expert) and Gergana Pavlova (administrative support). The Extended Planning Team comprises the following members: Eng. Mihail Mihailov, Director of Rila Monastery Nature Park; Ms. Nikolina Georgieva, biodiversity expert with the Directorate Rila Monastery NP, Eng. Vassil Petrov, acting Director of Rila NP, His Eminence Gabriel, Metropolitan Bishop of Lovech, representative of the Holy Synod of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church; the Most Reverend Bishop John, Abbot of Rila Monastery, Eng. -
In Bulgaria – Plovdiv
ECOLOGIA BALKANICA International Scientific Research Journal of Ecology Special Edition 2 2019 Eight International Conference of FMNS (FMNS-2019) Modern Trends in Sciences South-West University “Neofit Rilski”, Faculty of Mathematics & Natural Sciences Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria, 26-30 June, 2019 UNION OF SCIENTISTS IN BULGARIA – PLOVDIV UNIVERSITY OF PLOVDIV PUBLISHING HOUSE ii International Standard Serial Number Online ISSN 1313-9940; Print ISSN 1314-0213 (from 2009-2015) Aim & Scope „Ecologia Balkanica” is an international scientific journal, in which original research articles in various fields of Ecology are published, including ecology and conservation of microorganisms, plants, aquatic and terrestrial animals, physiological ecology, behavioural ecology, population ecology, population genetics, community ecology, plant-animal interactions, ecosystem ecology, parasitology, animal evolution, ecological monitoring and bioindication, landscape and urban ecology, conservation ecology, as well as new methodical contributions in ecology. The journal is dedicated to publish studies conducted on the Balkans and Europe. Studies conducted anywhere else in the World may be accepted only as an exception after decision of the Editorial Board and the Editor-In-Chief. Published by the Union of Scientists in Bulgaria – Plovdiv and the University of Plovdiv Publishing house – twice a year. Language: English. Peer review process All articles included in “Ecologia Balkanica” are peer reviewed. Submitted manuscripts are sent to two or three independent peer reviewers, unless they are either out of scope or below threshold for the journal. These manuscripts will generally be reviewed by experts with the aim of reaching a first decision as soon as possible. The journal uses the double anonymity standard for the peer-review process. -
Bulgaria Eco Tours and Village Life
BULGARIA ECO TOURS AND VILLAGE LIFE www.bulgariatravel.org Unique facts about Bulgaria INTRODUCTION To get to know Bulgaria, one has to dive into its authenticity, to taste the product of its nature, to backpack across the country and to gather bouquets of memories and impressions. The variety of The treasure of Bulgarian nature is well preserved Bulgarian nature offers abundant opportunities for engaging outdoor in the national conservation parks. The climate and activities – one can hike around the many eco trails in the National diverse landscape across the country are combined Parks and preservation areas, observe rare animal and bird species or in a unique way. This is one of the many reasons for visit caves and landmarks. the country to have such an animal and plant diversity. Bulgaria has a dense net of eco trails. There are new routes constantly Many rare, endangered and endemic species live in the marked across the mountains, which makes many places of interest Bulgarian conservation parks. Through the territory and landmarks more accessible. of the country passes Via Pontica – the route of the migratory birds from Europe to Africa. The eco-friendly outdoor activities are easily combined with the opportunity to enjoy rural and alternative tours. One can get acquainted with the authentic Bulgarian folklore and can stay in a traditional vintage village house in the regions of Rila, Pirin, The Rodopi For those who love nature, Bulgaria is the Mountains, Strandzha, Stara Planina (the Balkan Range), the Upper place to be. You can appreciate the full Thracian valley, the Danube and the Black Sea Coast regions. -
BULGARIA 2020 the MONASTERY CIRCUIT CYCLE TOUR Semi-Guided - 8 Days/7 Nights
BULGARIA 2020 THE MONASTERY CIRCUIT CYCLE TOUR Semi-Guided - 8 Days/7 Nights Experience the hospitality of the Bulgarian Monasteries and its fascinating history on a bike, escorted by an English speaking guide/driver with a support vehicle throughout. This tour is not just a circuit of some of the most interesting Bulgarian monasteries, it is also a journey through Bulgaria's history. All of the featured religious buildings are monuments to what has happened in Bulgaria over the last 700 years or so. Along with the rich history you will enjoy the greenness of the mountains (“Balkana”) and admire its outstanding nature - beautiful waterfalls, caves, rock cliffs, forests, vast meadows, rivers and valleys combined with crop and potato fields. Bike along the central Balkan Mountains exploring many villages nestled among quiet valleys and beautiful green landscapes. It seems that time has stopped here and life is quiet and peaceful - people still use the horse driven cart, look after their small herds of sheep, goats and cattle, cut the grass in the old fashion way, take care of their small vegetable gardens or just sit in front of their houses and have a chat. TOUR HIGHLIGHTS ♦ Arbanasi village is famous for its massive houses that resemble minor fortresses, several monasteries and old churches ♦ Dryanovo Monastery “St Archangel Michael” - located in the gorge of Dryanovska River where limestone rocks rise high on all sides ♦ Tryavna has preserved its old town square, the only one left in the country, which has been proclaimed as a Monument of Architecture. ♦ Etura Open-air Ethnographic Museum - Master craftsmen fashion beautiful gold, silver, copper, leather and wooden articles right before your eyes from early morning until late at the night. -
Socio-Economic Characteristics of Case Study Sites (Regions and Laus) and Alternative Scenarios for Multifunctional Land Use
SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF CASE STUDY SITES (REGIONS AND LAUS) AND ALTERNATIVE SCENARIOS FOR MULTIFUNCTIONAL LAND USE ACTIVITIES ON NATIONAL AND REGIONAL SCALES Deliverable no. D1.3 Diana Kopeva, Kristina Brščić, A. Dobruchowski, Ramona Franić, Guy Garrod, Baptiste Hautdidier, Marta Konecna, Ramon Laplana, Arlette Ostermeyer, Maria Peneva, Marian Raley, Amanda Sahrbacher Partners: UNWE, AFSZ, UZEI, CEMAGREF, IAMO, UNEW Submission date: 25-Jun-10 Seventh Framework Programme Theme 6 (ENV-2007-1) Environment (including climate change) Collaborative project (Small or medium-scale focused research project) Grant agreement no. : 212345 Project duration: November 2008 - - November 2011 Contract no. 212345 | Deliverable no. D1.3 D1.3| 25/06/2010 PRIMA aims to develop a method for scaling down the analysis of policy impacts on multifunctional land uses and on the economic activities. The scoped policies will include the cohesion policy (ERDF, ESF, CF), the enlargement process (IPA) & the rural development policy (EAFRD) of the European Commission, with a special focus on agriculture, forestry, tourism, and ecosystem services. The approach will: rely on micro-simulation and multi-agents models, designed and validated at municipality level, using input from stakeholders; address the structural evolution of the populations (appearance, disappearance and change of agents) depending on the local conditions for applying the structural policies on a set of municipality case studies. Involving eleven partners, the project is coordinated by Cemagref. -
Monasteries in Bulgaria, Founded During the South of the City of Ruse, in the Valley of the River Reign of Tsar Ivan Alexander (1331-1371)
BULGARIA PILGRIMAGE TOURISM www.bulgariatravel.org Some Facts about Bulgaria e Mysteries of you Ought to Know Northeastern Bulgaria Pliska, the capital of the First Bulgarian Kingdom, lies 400 km northeast of Sofia, near the town of Kaspichan in the District of Shumen. Here in the year 865 the Bulgarian ruler Tsar Boris I (852-889) accepted the Christian faith from Byzantium and recognized Christianity as the Bulgaria carries the heritage of many ancient official religion. civilizations - Prehistoric communities, race, ancient Greece, Rome, Byzantium, Bulgaria and e remnants of the first large the Islam world all left their marks on these lands. monastery complex in Christian Bulgaria have been discovered at the Bulgaria is also the birthplace of groundbreaking ancient capital of Pliska. e complex discoveries about our civilization and culture and was surrounded on all sides by tall home to religious cults, customs and practices fortified stone walls. e most which thrived here thousands of years before the impressive sight was the monastery advent of Christianity. e peoples who once e Great Basilica of Pliska (9th century) church, also known as the Archbishop’s inhabited these lands left behind the rich cultural (Great) Basilica, whose architecture and heritage of seven distinct civilizations. massive construction were unrivalled in the entire Balkan lands. Shelter to the In 865 Bulgaria became the first Slavic country to first followers of the holy brothers Cyril accept Christianity, while later it also became the and Methodius, the monastery became first Christian country in which the language of liturgy the most important spiritual centre in was that of the people – the Old Bulgarian. -
Route 1 the Rila Monastery + the Stob's Pyramids
ROUTE 1 THE RILA MONASTERY + THE STOB’S PYRAMIDS Departure from Sofia First stop –The Rila Monastery The Monastery lies on the slopes of Rila Mountain - the highest Balkan Peninsula Mountain, in the valley of the Rilska River, 29 km east of the Sofia-Thessaloniki motorway, in Rila Municipality, Kyustendil Province. The Rila Monastery was included in the UNESCO World Cultural Heritage List in 1983. Rila Monastery was founded in the 10th century by St John of Rila - a hermit, canonized by the Bulgarian Orthodox Church. His ascetic dwelling and tomb became a holy site and were transformed into a monastic complex which played an important role in the spiritual and social life of medieval Bulgaria. Destroyed by fire in the beginning of the 19th century, the complex was rebuilt between 1834 and 1862. A characteristic example of the Bulgarian Renaissance (18th–19th centuries), the monument symbolizes the awareness of a Slavic cultural identity following centuries of occupation.More information can be found at: http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/216 Lunch A trip to the Stob Pyramids The sandstone pyramids of Stob are among the most popular natural tourist attractions in Bulgaria. The pyramids are located near the village of Stob,Kyustendil Province. They were recognized as a natural landmark in 1964. The pyramids are 30-40 meters high and from 6 to 12 meters (in some places) thick. Some of the pyramids are pointed and needle-like, while others are rounded and topped with sandstone “caps” thus resembling giant mushrooms. Their bases are wide and often joined to neighboring formations. -
Traci Lindsey Dissertation
Bulgarian Verbs of Motion: Slavic Verbs in a Balkan Context by Traci Speed Lindsey A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Slavic Languages and Literatures in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Ronelle Alexander, Chair Professor Johanna Nichols Professor Alan Timberlake Professor Dan Slobin Spring 2011 Bulgarian Verbs of Motion: Slavic Verbs in a Balkan Context copyright 2011 by Traci Speed Lindsey Abstract Bulgarian Verbs of Motion: Slavic Verbs in a Balkan Context by Traci Speed Lindsey Doctor of Philosophy in Slavic Languages and Literatures University of California, Berkeley Professor Ronelle Alexander, Chair This study examines the motion verb system of Bulgarian, focusing both on the structure of the Bulgarian motion verb itself, and on the information typically encoded in the Bulgarian verb of motion. It then compares the Bulgarian motion verb system with the motion verb systems of two other Slavic languages, Russian and Bosnian-Croatian-Serbian (BCS). The theoretical framework is Leonard Talmy’s typological categorization of languages as either verb framed/low manner languages or satellite framed/high manner languages. The Slavic language family, like most other Indo-European languages families, is considered satellite framed and high manner: path of motion tends to be expressed by a satellite to the verb (in the form of a preposition and/or a prefix), leaving the verb root free to express manner. The expression of manner in the verb root itself results in a lower cognitive load for the processing of manner of motion, and consequently, speakers of satellite-framed languages tend to develop motion verb vocabulary around the expression of manner of motion. -
Annexes to Rural Development Programme
ANNEXES TO RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME (2007-2013) TABLE OF CONTENTS Annex 1 ...........................................................................................................................................4 Information on the Consultation Process ........................................................................................4 Annex 2 .........................................................................................................................................13 Organisations and Institutions Invited to the Monitoring Committee of the Implementation of the Rural Development Programme 2007-2013 .................................................................................13 Annex 3 .........................................................................................................................................16 Baseline, Output, Result and Impact Indicators............................................................................16 Annex 4 .........................................................................................................................................29 Annexes to the Axis 1 Measures...................................................................................................29 Attachment 1 (Measure 121 Modernisation of Agricultural Holding) .........................................30 List of Newly Introduced Community Standards .........................................................................30 Attachment 1.A. (Measure 121 Modernisation of Agricultural Holding -
BIO2CARE WP3 Deliverable (Activity 3.1)
INTERREG V-A COOPERATION PROGRAMME GREECE – BULGARIA 2014 – 2020 Reinforcing Protected Areas Capacity through an Innovative Methodology for Sustainability – BIO2CARE – (Reg. No: 1890) WP3 Deliverable 3.1 One (1) study collecting information and producing knowledge regarding anthropogenic activities and status of nature (incl. SWOT analysis) of the areas The sole responsibility for the content of this publication lies with the authors. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the European Communities. The European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. Deliverable 3.1 Project Acronym: BIO2CARE -1- INTERREG V-A CP Table of Contents Table of Contents .......................................................................................................................................... 2 Chapter 1: Introduction – Definition of study areas and their significance .................................................. 4 Chapter 2: Study Area 1- National Park of Eastern Macedonia and Thrace (GR) ....................................... 11 2.1 Status of Nature of Study Area 1 .......................................................................................................... 11 2.1.1 Geographical characteristics .............................................................................................................. 11 2.1.2 Flora .................................................................................................................................................. -
Destination Bulgaria
© Lonely Planet Publications 15 Destination Bulgaria Five centuries subjugated to Ottoman rule and, more recently, four dec- ades locked very firmly behind the Iron Curtain turned Bulgaria into a distant, enigmatic country in the eyes of much of the rest of the world. Images of cheap wine downed at student house parties, budget ski holi- days and umbrella-wielding Cold War assassins were once among the popular stereotypes, but Bulgaria today is a vastly different country from what it was even 10 years ago. A fully paid-up member of NATO and (since 2007) the EU, Bulgaria FAST FACTS has the feel of a nation at a very important crossroads. Massive foreign Population: 7.33 million investment has created a construction boom, not just around the larger beach and mountain tourist resorts, but in the cities, too. More tourists Area: 110,910 sq km than ever are discovering this country and an ever-rising number of for- GDP per capita: eigners are investing in property here. At the same time, the Bulgarian US$10,700 population is declining faster than almost anywhere else in Europe, wages Inflation: 7.3% are amongst the lowest on the continent – prompting increasingly long and bitter strikes – and the old problems of bureaucratic incompetence Unemployment rate: 9.6% and organised crime bubble away in the background. The environmental Average life expectancy: damage caused by overdevelopment has been a particular cause for public 69 (m), 76 (f) alarm over recent years, and there are several national and international Literacy rate: 98.2% organisations campaigning to bring some of these issues to wider world Highest point: Mt Musala attention (see p72 ).