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Perempuan-Bicara-Kretek.Pdf Jakarta 2012 Perempuan Berbicara Kretek 16 x 23 cm, x + 320 halaman, Januari 2012 ISBN : 978-602-99292-1-8 Penerbit Indonesia Berdikari Jl. Salemba Tengah No.39BB, Lt.2 Jakarta Pusat Tahun Januari 2012 Desain Sampul Arief Timor dan Fajrian Tata Letak Widiyo Nugroho Kata Pengantar Di negeri dengan sistem patriarkhal yang melekat dalam keseharian masyarakatnya, tidak mudah bagi perempuan untuk mengekpsresikan diri. Ada banyak hal yang kemudian menjadi tidak pantas dilakukan perempuan. Mereka seakan-akan berada dalam satu ruang yang memiliki garis demarkasi antara yang pantas dan tidak pantas dilakukan. Sayangnya, yang tidak pantas dilakukan perempuan itu bisa dengan leluasa dilaksanakan lelaki tanpa ada pandangan miring terhadapnya. Pandangan masyarakat terhadap kretek (rokok) merupakan salah satunya. Tindakan mengkretek apabila dilakukan oleh lelaki, akan dinilai masyarakat sebagai hal yang biasa. Namun, apabila seorang perempuan terlihat sedang mengkretek, maka akan dilabeli sebagai seorang yang entah itu “tidak baik”, “nakal”, atau bahkan “jalang”. Terlebih dalam realitasnya, begitu stigma diberikan, selesailah sudah. Mereka tidak pernah diberikan kesempatan menjawab, atau setidaknya memberikan alasan. Buku ini mencoba mengajak para perempuan untuk memberi penjelasan terkait penilain yang serta-merta pada kaumnya. Buku ini semacam jawaban dari perempuan atas penilain dari masyarakat itu. Memang di antara penulisnya ada yang mempunyai pengalaman langsung dari penilaian masyarakat itu, karena mereka kebetulan seorang pengkretek. iii Di samping itu, buku berjudul “Perempuan Berbicara Kretek” ini juga menyoroti perkembangan gerakan anti kretek yang meresahkan. Meskipun, para penulis dalam buku ini tidak semuanya pengkretek, tapi kebutuhan untuk mempertahankan identitas dan penyangga ekonomi nasional memanggil mereka turut berbicara mengenai kretek. Terlebih industri kretek tanah air banyak membantu dalam menyediakan lapangan pekerjaan bagi kaum perempuan. Bilamana gerakan yang didanai pihak asing itu benar-benar berhasil memusnahkan satu-satunya industri nasional ini, yang dari hulu hingga hilir bisa dikelola bangsa sendiri, maka akan banyak perempuan kehilangan pekerjaan. Banyak perempuan yang tidak akan bisa lagi mencari penghasilan tambahan dari keterlibatannya dengan indutri kretek. Buku ini berawal dari inisiatif aktifis perempuan Komunitas Kretek dari berbagai daerah yang memiliki kepedulian terhadap kretek. Para perempuan ini, dari berbagai kalangan dan pekerjaan, berkumpul dan bahu-membahu menjaga warisan bangsa ini supaya dapat bertahan dari gelombang serangan, baik dari dalam negeri maupun pihak luar, yang mengkehendaki industri nasional ini hancur. Secara umum buku ini dibagi dalam empat bagian. Pertama, Ritus Keseharian, di sini mereka bercerita tentang kehadiran kretek dalam keseharian mereka. Kedua, Perempuan di Simpang Stigma. Dalam bagian ini mereka berkisah bagaimana stigma “buruk” terhadap perempuan pengkretek hadir di tengah-tengah kehidupan bermasayarakat kita. Ketiga, Dalam Pusaran Arus Zaman. Setidaknya, di bagian ini dikisahkan bahwa kretek sedang menghadapi tantangan tersendiri. Tantangan ini berkaitan dengan gerakan anti rokok, munculnya fatwa haram dari organisasi keagamaan, dan regulasi pemerintah yang justru menyudutkan industri kretek. Di bagian keempat, Kretek, Budaya, dan Keindonesiaan, membahas kehadiran kretek sebagai warisan budaya bangsa. Kami mengucapkan banyak terimakasih kepada Kang Sobary, Salamuddin Daeng, dr Saraswati yang telah meluangkan waktunya menemani berdiskusi dan memperdalam pemahaman dalam sengkarut persoalan kemandirian dan kedaulatan bangsa. iv Akhir kata, semoga karya ini bisa memberikan wacana alternatif dalam perdebatan tentang persoalan kretek secara khusus, maupun persoalan kedaulatan bangsa secara lebih luas. Indonesia Berdikari v Daftar Isi Kata Pengantar iii Bab I RITUS KESEHARIAN 1 Candu Jawa - Abmi Handayani 3 Kota Gila - Atika 9 Cerita Penikmat Kretek - Natalia 17 Berdamai dengan Perbedaan - Rina Werdayanti 21 Mereka yang Mencintai Kretek - Abmi Handayani 29 Asap Tembakau dalam Tiga Narasi Kebersahajaan - Desy Ardianti 35 Rokok, Penyakit dan Perjodohan - Atika 43 Jejak Perempuan, Ingatan akan Kretek dan Saya - Astrid Reza 51 Bab 2 PEREMPUAN DI SIMPANG STIGMA 59 Rokok dan Jilbab - Des Christy 61 Aku dan Kretek - Putri Prasetyaningrum 69 Bibir Seorang Dara - Dian Arymami 75 Rokok dan Perempuan Tegar - Irene Shanty Parhusip 85 vii Perempuan Perokok, Dahulu dan Kini - Kartika Dwiarini 91 Rokok Itu Berjenis Kelamin Laki-laki - Niken Wresthi 97 Perempuan, Rokok, dan Maskulinitas - Diah D. Yanti 105 Celakanya, Sudah Perempuan Perokok Pula! - Retno D. Suyoko 115 Perempuan Juga (Berhak) Merokok - Astrid Reza 125 Perempuan Perokok = Perempuan Nakal (Apakah Roro Mendut Termasuk Didalamnya ?) - Cynthia Lilipaly-Piga 133 Pelekatan Modernisasi dan Pelupaan Tradisi: Pewacanaan atas Perokok Perempuan dalam Situs Berbasis Citizen Journalism - Des Christy 141 Bab 3 DALAM PUSARAN ARUS ZAMAN 149 Racun-racun di Pikiran Kita - Anis Mahesaayu 151 Bogor dan Kawasan Transportasi Runyam - Bonchie Yoska 155 Perempuan Perkasa di Pabrik Rokok - Natalia 163 Yang Terlupakan - Bonchie Yoska 171 Yang Lebih Bahaya Dari Dilarang Merokok! Cicilia Maharani 177 Kretek Haram: Pembenaran Atas Sebuah Agama Baru? Devi Dwiki Wulandari 181 Rokok, Antara Legal dan Ilegal - Indreyani 189 Tuan Bloomberg dan Kaki Tangannya - Kartika Dwiarini 195 Tembakau dalam Bingkai Kebijakan yang Menindas Naning Suprawati 201 Dari Hellenisme sampai Kartini: Penyejagatan dan Keberanian Perempuan - Nurul Aini 205 viii Pengetahuan Lokal, Kuasa Global - Nurul Aini 215 Kretek dan Ekofeminis - Putri Prasetyaningrum 223 Rokok dan Media Massa; Hubungan yang ”Malu-malu Kucing” - Sereida Tambunan 231 Upaya Menyingkap Tabir Pro-Kontra Rokok - Sereida Tambunan 239 Bab 4 KRETEK, BUDAYA, DAN KEINDONESIAAN 249 Mak Pik Si Pengkretek - Anis Mahesaayu 251 Perempuan, Tembakau, dan Lahbako - Devi Dwiki Wulandari 257 Kerja Sampurna: Serangkai Pengalaman Perihal Pabrik Rokok, Migrasi, dan Perempuan - Indreyani 267 Merokok: Mitos dan Konstruksi Sosial - Retno D. Suyoko 277 Tembakau Teman Baik Wanita - Rina Werdayanti 287 Diskriminasi dan Penghisapan - Dian Arymami 295 Bonek, Kretek dan Kultur Kekerabatan - Anis Mahesaayu 303 Indeks 309 Boidata 317 ix Bab I Ritus Keseharian Candu Jawa Abmi Handayani Suatu malam di salah satu angkringan kampus UGM (Universitas Gadjah Mada), datang dan duduklah sekelompok muda-mudi di tikar. Di sebelahnya, telah lebih dahulu di sana, kelompok saya berada. Rupanya muda-mudi yang baru datang ini berisik ketika melirik saya dan teman-teman saat itu sedang melinting. Mereka berpikir kalau yang sedang dilinting itu ganja. Mereka berkasak-kusuk tanpa seorang pun berinisiatif bertanya. Maka kami cuek saja, melinting tembakau garangan Santanayan bersama cengkeh, kelembak, dan kemenyan madu, lantas membakarnya. Aromanya semerbak bersama asap yang mengalir lewat hidung dan mulut. Meninggalkan rasa semriwing di kepala dan kepuasan yang tidak terkatakan. Setelah hisapan pertama yang disusul seteguk teh dan kopi, perbincangan pun luwes terjadi antara saya dan kawan-kawan. Tidak peduli muda-mudi tetangga yang tampak bingung dan salah tingkah, lantaran di sebelahnya ada orang- orang muda yang merokok kemenyan. Agak kampungan dan kolot begitu deh barangkali mereka berpikir. Kelucuan serupa pernah saya temui saat seorang teman melihat foto paman saya yang sedang melinting. Kebetulan paman yang sudah tua ini memang tidak doyan dengan rokok toko. Maka ia selalu punya kantong- 3 PEREMPUAN BERBICARA KRETEK kantong berisi tembakau Madura kegemarannya dan cengkeh yang selalu dibawanya pergi. Suatu hari ia sedang jalan-jalan naik bukit Menoreh bersama kawannya. Di Watu Kendil mereka istirahat sejenak. Minum air, merokok, dan foto-foto. Salah satu foto mengabadikan si paman dan si kawan sedang melinting yang kemudian dilihat teman saya. Komentarnya lebih kurang sama dengan sekelompok muda-mudi di atas. “Mereka lagi nyimeng ya?” Tertawalah saya, tapi dalam hati sebenarnya ada rasa miris. Kemudian saya membayangkan, adakah saat ini orang-orang yang peduli kalau tembakau, cengkeh, dan macam-macam tanaman yang tumbuh gemilang di negeri ini punya cerita? Saya pesimis. Mungkin, hanya tiga atau empat dari lima belas orang yang peduli. Sebagian mungkin sudah keenakan dengan kemudahan konsumsi saat ini dan sisanya mungkin tidak lagi punya cukup waktu membaca dan memahami karena mesti cari uang setiap hari. Tapi marilah kita duduk, bersama kopi atau apapun minuman kesukaan Anda, dan sebatang rokok jika Anda merokok. Marilah kita membayangkan cerita yang terjalin dalam sebatang kretek yang seratus persen asli Indonesia ini. Tembakau boleh jadi bukan tanaman asli Indonesia. Ia dibawa oleh orang- orang kulit putih yang saat itu sedang mabuk kepayang karena menemukan negeri yang subur. Atau jika cengkeh ternyata bukan tanaman asli Indonesia dari Maluku melainkan tercecer dari milik seorang pedagang entah dari mana pun sebenarnya tak jadi soal. Tetap ada sesuatu yang orisinal dari dua komoditi yang menjadi alasan kolonialisasi di negeri ini ratusan tahun silam. Dan kini, membuat perusahaan-perusahaan rokok di negara maju merasa terancam kegiatan dagangnya. Sepatutnya kita—baik perokok maupun bukan—yang hidup negeri ini bersyukur atas limpahan berkah yang terberi pada negeri tropis ini. Memang, kita tak punya salju yang meromantiskan Natal atau memberi kesempatan memakai jaket bulu sering-sering. Tapi kita punya deretan pantai hijau dan biru dimana air
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