Recovery, Reconstruction and Resilience: the experience

Frankie Carroll, CEO © Queensland Reconstruction Authority

This presentation has been prepared for the Actuaries Institute 2014 General Insurance Seminar. The Institute Council wishes it to be understood that opinions put forward herein are not necessarily those of the Institute and the Council is not responsible for those opinions.

Overview

• Queensland events 2010-2014 • Infrastructure & human impact • Role of the Queensland Reconstruction Authority • Learnings and new approaches – recovery, reconstruction and resilience

Commercial in confidence Commercial in confidence Source: The Year that Shook the Rich: A review of natural disaster in 2011.

The Brookings Institution – London School of Economics Project on Internal Displacement. Statistics

Queensland population – 4.6 million Queensland area – 1.73 million km2 17 10 14 Disaster events 5 6 13 1. Dec 10 Rainfall & SE/W flooding 2. Dec 10 Tropical 12 3. Jan 11 Flash flooding Toowoomba & 9 4. Jan 11 /Ipswich flooding 5. Jan/Feb 11 TCs Anthony & Yasi 2 6. Feb 11 Monsoonal flooding 15 7. Apr 11 Maranoa flooding 8. Feb 12 South West flooding 9. Mar 12 10. Jan 2013 TC Oswald & flooding 7 16 11 11. Feb/Mar 13 Central & Southern QLD Low 3 4 12. Jan 14 Dylan Victoria Tasmania1 13. Feb 14 Tropical Cyclone Fletcher 8 14. Feb 14 Monsoonal flooding 15. Feb 14 Rainfall & flooding 16. Mar 14 Central & Southern QLD trough 17. Apr 14 Tropical December 2010- February 2011 “The Summer of Disasters” - Toowoomba January 2011 - Grantham February 2011 - Tropical February 2011 - Cardwell Mud Army Brisbane - 2011 March 2012 - Mitchell – Roma – St George January 2013 - January 2013 - Laidley January 2013 – Baffle Creek, Gladstone 2014 - Hinchinbrook – Cyclone Ita Scale of Impact

2014* 2010/11 events 2011/12 events 2012/13 events events LGAs disaster activated 73 65 58 47 Residential properties affected 136,000 1,400 4,300+ 258

State road network affected (km) 20,610 10,890 7,655 6,148^

State rail network affected (km) 4,748 4,180 3,100 1,000+ Schools affected 411 7 339 2 Other government buildings 4,381 135 99 affected Homes & businesses without 480,000 9,000 390,000 46,000+ power 267 223 National parks affected 162 22 (Includes other protected (Includes other protected areas managed by DNPSR) areas managed by DNPSR)

^This includes roads that may have been affected by more than one event. Commercial in confidence Economic Impacts on Industry

Queensland accounts for: • nearly half of ’s cotton production • 28 per cent of Australia’s fruit and vegetables (including almost all of the country’s bananas) • 95 per cent of Australia’s annual sugar cane crop.

Natural disaster damage has a significant impact on Australia as a whole.

The effect of 2010-11 floods and cyclones: • Lost approx $6 billion (or 2.25%) of GDP • Loss of approx 27 million tonnes of coal (about $400m in royalties) • Loss of agriculture production – approximately $1.4 billion • 75% of State’s banana crop damaged • 20% reduction in raw sugar • 370,000 bales of cotton values at $175 million lost • Loss of approximately $400 million in tourism • Damage, disruption and closure of vital ports across the State. Human Impact: 2010-11

 131,935 insurance claims resulted from the Queensland floods in 2010/11, with a total reserved value of claims of all classes of $3.78 Billion.  Ten community recovery centres established to provide local assistance and support. Mobile health service provided health advice and more than 5000 tetanus immunisations.  $39 million Community Recovery and Wellbeing Package – mental health support services, financial counselling, community recovery, bereavement support.

Human Impact: 2010-11

 67,600 Personal Hardship Assistance payments made totalling $43.77 million.  1563 payments totalling $2.789 million made to help people reconnect their essential services.  Managed and dispersed more than $47 million in donations, goods and services from the corporate sector, international and local community.  Join Forces Program – matched and cyclone-affected sporting clubs and not-for-profits with private and philanthropic donations and in-kind services and support. 586 corporate donations provided more than $11 million to 166 community organisations.

Queensland Reconstruction Authority

Ensure Queensland effectively and efficiently recovers from the impact of disaster events

• Established in 2011under its own Act of Parliament

• Reports to Board and Minister for Local Government, Community Recovery and Resilience

• Coordinate reconstruction

• Prioritise infrastructure and services

• Administer NDRRA and ensure value-for-money outcomes

• Build disaster resilience

• Implement Queensland Flood Commission of Inquiry findings as needed. Governance Model Combined Program Progress

Commercial in Confidence – Source: DTMR at 31 August; & Authority at 1 October 2014 Combined Program of Works

Commercial in Confidence – Source: The Authority – June 2014 NDRRA Estimates Review and 1 October 2014 Improving practices

• Development of DARMsys™ • iDARM - Infrastructure damage assessment and reconstruction monitoring • Build Back Blitz • Floodplain Mapping • Mitigation • Betterment • Resilience projects Damage Assessment & Reconstruction Monitoring DARMsys ™

• State-of-the-art, Damage Assessment and Reconstruction Monitoring (DARM) system developed in 2011 to assess & audit reconstruction. • Real time data available to Disaster Management Centre & Recovery Agencies. • Enables street-by-street, house-by-house assessment through affected communities • An “audit of reconstruction progress” & helps provide targeted assistance to most vulnerable. DARMsys In Action Refer Appendix

Goodna Map Area Goodna – Flood Extent Goodna – July Damage Assessments DARM July 2011 Goodna – October Assessments DARM October 2011 BBB/287 Received PDRA (21) No PDRA (12) BBB Client and Reconstruction Underway (8) BBB/114 BBB/268 BBB/524

BBB/266 BBB/277 BBB/46 BBB/83

Goodna – Owner Occupied Properties DARM October 2011 Goodna – still with Rubbish in Property DARM October 2011 iDARM - Infrastructure Damage Assessment & Reconstruction Monitoring Simplifying the Process: Examples of Assets Damaged Council Portal to Review, Package & Submit:

Direct upload from field to portal 2014 Infrastructure Damage assessments (iDARM)

Tropical Cyclone Ita, Tropical Cyclone Dylan and North-East Monsoon Flooding NDRRA Mapping Output (2014) Pormpuraaw, Roadway NDRRA mapping output (2014) Kowanyama , Floodway Build Back Blitz

• Partnership between the Queensland Reconstruction Authority, Department of Communities, non-government organisations, and donors

• 332 households across Queensland benefited

• More than $3 million in funding donated

• Linked individuals directly to organisations that were able to help them return their homes to a habitable standard.

Build Back Blitz DARMsys™ was used to help identify potential Build Back Blitz clients

Owner occupier homeowners throughout Qld whose houses WHO were severely damaged following floods and cyclone

Some homeowners have experienced difficulty progressing WHY with their repair/rebuild and have been living in compromised conditions

WHAT Repair and rebuild their homes to habitable standard of living

Identify priority clients and provide targeted rebuilding advice HOW and connect to building contractors for support

Homeowner’s property is repaired or rebuilt to appropriate OUTCOME standard • Terrence Laverack’s home was inundated by floodwater • The Build Back Blitz program helped Terry get his house back to habitable condition

• More than 330 homeowners benefited from the program.

• Following the success of Build Back Blitz, a similar program – the Community Rebuild Group – was formed at a local level to help residents of Bundaberg following Tropical in 2013. Queensland Flood Mapping Project • Level 1 floodplain mapping • Good initial identification of hazard • Uses a broad range of datasets to show potential hazard • Preliminary product that can be easily adopted

State-wide catchment based maps of Queensland Floodplains to help understand potential flood hazard and areas for further investigation

Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 State-wide Level 1 mapping

• Interim Floodplain Assessment Overlay (IFAO) – not actual flood levels • 129 sub-basins across Queensland • 119 sub-basins have been mapped to date (within 8 months) • In total 99.3% of the State has been assessed for floodplains • 8,875 map pages produced (A3 @1:50,000 scale) • Using more than 35 cartographers. Free public access in GIS format is is available at the Queensland Spatial Working with DERM, the QRA has over Catalogue and is provided to the Insurance a matter of months, created maps Council of Australia. covering most of Queensland. http://qldspatial.information.qld.gov.au CoI Final Report, March 2012, pg 67 Comparison of IFAO to 2012 Floodline – Roma

Level 2 – Flood investigations for key towns

Flood investigations being delivered for BoM- identified at risk towns across Qld through the Queensland Flood Mapping Program (QFMP). Results in hazard maps and flood animations that can be used for land use planning and emergency management purposes Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 About the QFMP

• Flood studies completed in 104 towns across 40 local governments. • 2014-15 – 100 more studies to be delivered, 75 complete already. • Worked closely with Councils and disaster management groups on implementation. • Focus on high risk flood towns with no existing flood studies and where they may never have been able to fund it themselves. • Publicly available online. • All Queenslanders will have access to up-to-date flood risk information for their town that will lead to greater community and economic resilience.

Qld Flood Portal - FloodCheck

• Qld Floods Commission of Inquiry noted the need for: – a repository of flood data – the publication of flood information – flood information report per property in Queensland. • FloodCheck draws information from the database + other relevant spatial information and displays in a GIS web- based application • Launched in September 2012, and is being updated continually FloodCheck

• FloodCheck displays the following: • Imagery and floodline of historic events (e.g. 1893, 1974, 2010/2011 and 2012 for western Qld) • Flood study locations and information drawn from database • State-wide floodplain mapping • Location of river gauges • Downloadable flood information reports per property or area of interest • FloodCheck experienced over 17,600 users during the January 2013 flood event – strong community awareness tool during the event FloodCheck – Queensland’s interactive flood map http://www.dnrm.qld.gov.au/mapping-data/maps/floodcheck-map

• Under the ‘Open Data Policy’, all data for studies completed under the QFMP are given to Local Councils and are provided to the Insurance Council of Australia. Dirranbandi | 2012

QFMP Mapping: February 2012 Flood mitigation

• Recognition that investment in mitigation can reduce recovery costs • Queensland Government investment – more than $500 million over the past four years on mitigation and resilience • more resilient road network • betterment – rebuilding with resilience • levees, flood studies, drainage improvements • cyclone and flood warning subsidies • soft mitigation – community resilience. • Can never completely mitigate against all impacts from natural disasters on infrastructure and communities Roma, 2011

7 May 2012: Suncorp will not offer new polices to Queensland towns Emerald and Roma as fallout from 2011 floods continues.

Suncorp chief executive Mark Milliner said he now felt the insurer had little choice but to exclude Roma and Emerald “unless clear decisions are made to build or implement improved mitigation to protect the residents of these towns”

– The Courier-Mail The Queensland Government has made major commitments towards mitigation including flood mitigation projects in Toowoomba, Charleville, Roma, St George, Bundaberg.

24 September 2013: Suncorp starts writing new business as Roma levee kicks off. Estimated premium reductions of up to 80% upon completion.

Partnerships With Industry

• Memorandum of Understanding – Queensland Government and Insurance Council of Australia to share information about flooding risk to help reduce uncertainty in assessing risk and calculating premiums.

• A number of communities across Queensland seeing significant decreases in insurance premiums as a direct result of completed mitigation infrastructure.

• Queensland Government working with the Commonwealth on proposals and options to address the issue of insurance affordability.

Resilience

“...the capacity to prevent, mitigate, prepare for, respond to, and recover from the impacts of disasters.”

“...a resilience based approach to disaster management recognises that a co-ordinated and collaborative effort is needed to increase our capacity to recover from disasters.”

- National Strategy for Disaster Resilience

Resilience projects: Queensland Betterment Framework

Building it back better and increasing resilience

Local Government Essential Public Assets: • improve safety • improve access & utility • reduce the costs of future disaster events • provide demonstrated benefits for the “We know these disasters will happen again and community. again in Queensland and we have to increase the resilience of our communities. The $40 million in this Budget going towards betterment will be matched by the Commonwealth so we can make a start on the many projects local councils want to undertake to improve resilience.” Premier , June 2013 Queensland Betterment Fund

• $80 million joint Federal/State Betterment Fund

• 48 councils applied for 1,434 betterment projects

• Estimated total value of projects $1.19 billion

• Projects include:

– stronger roads – drainage – water and sewage treatment plants – bridges and culverts – $400 million additional requests to fund upgrades to State Government assets “This is smart use of your money. We don’t need to reinvent the wheel with these projects, but • 32 Councils approved for 220 projects we do need to find ways to make what we’ve got stronger and less susceptible to flooding.” Minister for Community Recovery and Resilience David Crisafulli, August 2013 Betterment – North Burnett Regional Council

Gayndah Water Supply Intake

• Situated on the • Provides the town’s only water supply • Supports a population of approximately 2000 & local primary industries. • Severely damaged in 2011 and rebuilt for approximately $1.22M • New jetty, raw water intakes, pumps and water discharge main destroyed again in 2013

Betterment project

• Build a new submersible style pumping station and intake at a new location upstream at Claude Wharton Weir • Build a new raw water rising main to the Water Treatment Plant.

Estimated REPA component $2,634,118 Council contribution: $ 50,000 Betterment Fund : $1,195,782 Total cost for the project: $3,879,900

Betterment - Ipswich City Council

One Mile Bridge

• Crosses Bremer River providing critical access for Ipswich City residents. • Traffic volumes in excess of 20,000 vehicles per day and secondary access to the RAAF base at Amberley. • One Mile Bridge was damaged in 2009, 2011 and again in 2013, with the total cost of repairs estimated at $1.9 million. Betterment project

• Construction of new cross drainage culverts • Replace the existing bitumen with a concrete pavement • Embankment protection • Extension of rock pitching for the bridge’s southern abutment • Concrete protection for verges.

Estimated REPA component: $1,525,262 Council contribution: $ 499,723 Betterment Fund : $1,919,196 Total cost for the project: $3,944,182

Betterment - South Burnett Regional Council

Gertiz Road

• Major local connector providing access to Airport and the South Queensland Institute of TAFE Kingaroy • Carries a large percentage of commercial traffic • Freight route transporting livestock and produce to markets as well as a local bus route

Betterment project

• Increasing protection for the culvert, pavements and approach road batters.

Estimated cost for REPA $523,207 Council contribution $ 10,925 Betterment Fund $ 98,320 Total cost $632,452

Resilience projects: Strengthening Grantham

• Designated Reconstruction Area under legislative powers

• Fast tracked processes

• Authority and Council developed Master Plan & Development Scheme

• Construction begun on first stage June 2011

• People were in new homes by Christmas 2011. Damage at Grantham, January 2011 Strengthening Grantham Resilience projects

• Rebuilding Grantham together • Floodplain management • Rebuilding in storm tide prone areas • Wind resistant housing • Planning for stronger, more resilient electrical infrastructure • Resources for reconstruction

Building resilience

• Phase I is the emergency relief effort. • Phase II is the transition from an emergency to a full-scale reconstruction program. This phase is identified as the critical phase for the success of the whole reconstruction program. • Phase III represents the full reconstruction and rebuilding program.

Queensland’s reconstruction capability and activity 2011-2014 Queensland Reconstruction Authority

“The challenge of recovery is to institutionalise urgency, i.e. to embed the drive for extraordinary results into government practices.”

Asian Development Bank & The World Bank. 2011.