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Investigating the Technical Efficiency of Date Palm Cultivation Using International Journal of Agricultural Management and Development Available online on: www.ijamad.iaurasht.ac.ir ISSN: 2159-5852 (Print) ISSN:2159-5860 (Online) Research Paper Investigating the Technical Efficiency of Date Palm Cultivation Using the Data Envelopment Analysis Zeynab Latifi a,*, and Hossein Shabanali Fami b Received: 01 August 2019, huzestan Province, especially Karun County, is one of Accepted: 11 October 2020 Kthe main pillars of date production in Iran. According to the limitations of date palm production in this county, optimal production management, and the efficient use of production inputs are required. The main goal of this study was to calculate the technical efficiency of date palm cultivators’ management in the whole Karun, as well as the cities in this County including four cities, using a non- parametric approach such as the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method. 200 date palm cultivators were selected as samples across the region, 50 date palm cultivators from each city in April 2017 till February 2018. The results showed that Rabie and Shirin-Shahr cities have the most efficient and non-efficient date palm cultivators’ management, respectively. The average efficiency under constant returns (4), 383-399, December 2020. Abstract to scale assumption was 100 percent, the variable returns to scale input-oriented and output-oriented in Rabie city were 100 and 100 percent, and in Shirin-Shahr city, the av- erage efficiency under constant returns to scale was 97.56 percent, the variable returns to scale input-oriented and output-oriented were 98.69 and 98.04 percent, respectively. In Karun County, the average efficiency under constant re- turns to scale was 96.62 percent, the variable returns to scale input-oriented and output-oriented efficiencies were Keywords: Data envelopment 98.66 and 97.57 percent, respectively. In this region, culti- analysis; date palm vators’ management efficiency can be increased by increasing cultivators; Karun the awareness and skills of date palm cultivators and edu- County; regression cating them in terms of optimal use of inputs. a Corresponding author: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shohadaye Hoveizeh University of Technology, Susangerd, Iran b Department of Agricultural Development & Management, Faculty of Agricultural Economics & Development, College of Agricul- ture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran and Development, Management 10 Journal of Agricultural International * Corresponding author’s email: [email protected] 383 Investigating the Technical Efficiency... / Latifi and Shabanali Fami INTRODUCTION Khuzestan Province. Date palm trees in Technical efficiency is one of the most Karun County are the best date palms in important factors of productivity growth, Khouzestan Province because of their quality, especially in the management of agricultural diversity, and proximity to Karun River. The production in developing countries. The area of date palm trees in Karun is 2,800 efficient use of inputs in the production of hectares, out of which 2,600 hectares are agricultural products can improve the quality fertile, producing more than 9 tons of dates and quantity of these products and, on the each hectare. This amount of production other hand, have a great impact on increasing which is the first-class date palm is exported the income of agricultural units, which will to Turkey, Canada, Europe, Persian Gulf enhance the living standard of farmers and countries, Afghanistan, and Pakistan after the development of rural communities. The being packaged (Agricultural Statistics, existing farming system, especially in 2018). developing countries, are faced with a lack of The study of the determinants of the sufficient resources and opportunities for the management of this product plays an development and adoption of modern important role in the economic development technologies. Moreover, the unbalanced use of agriculture in Iran and this region. of resources in increasing the production of Considering the shortage and limitation of agricultural products has more limited the production resources, one of the most available resources in the agricultural sector efficient and effective methods for achieving than in the past and has faced the farming economic growth and development in system with various problems in the process agriculture, especially palm production, is the of growth and development. Therefore, evaluation of the technical efficiency of paying attention to the issue of technical agricultural date palms production units. efficiency in the agricultural economy of Therefore, increasing the technical efficiency developing countries, including Iran, is of of date palm production will help the particular importance (Gittinger & Price, movement of resources to sites with poor 1997). economic infrastructures and the restoration (4), 383-399, December 2020. The date palm, as the second horticultural of competitive sites of this product. Basic product of Iran, is very important due to its studies on the efficiency and sustainability of relative advantages compared to other date palm production in the area can act as a agricultural products. Exchange, creating guide to overcome these challenges. employment in the lateral industries, Regarding the issue of efficiency and its providing food and social security of the measurement methods, several studies have community, preserving the environment, and been carried out at the global and enhancing the competitiveness of the country international levels, some of which will be in the world markets are due to the briefly referred to. Chen and Song (2007) production and exports of the date palm. evaluated the efficiency of all cities in China. Iranian date’s taste has attracted consumers They used Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) around the world and it can be one of the and showed that the eastern regions had the major sources of currency earnings in the highest efficiency compared to other areas. agricultural sector. As of 2017, Iran has Yuan et al. (2010) investigated water use produced nearly 14.5 percent of the world’s efficiency in wheat fields in northwest China dates by producing 1,185,165 tons with a using the DEA method. They also used total production of approximately $ 813,600, regression to determine the determinants of and it is ranked as second among varieties irrigation efficiency. The results of this study produced in the world (FAO, 2019). Karun showed that the farmers’ efficiency was International Journal of Agricultural Management and Development, Management 10 Journal of Agricultural International has one of the best date palm trees in between 20 percent to 100 percent, and its 384 Investigating the Technical Efficiency... / Latifi and Shabanali Fami average was 61.51 percent. In addition, the was found to be technological variations. results of regression showed that factors Sardar Shahraki and Karim (2018) used the such as age, income, education level, and DEA window analysis approach to determine farm size have a positive effect on water use date growers’ efficiency in Saravan County efficiency. Tajik et al. (2012) investigated the over 2012-2016. The statistical population technical efficiency of the date palm was composed of date farmers of Saravan cultivators in the river region of Hormozgan County located in southern Sistan and using DEA. The results of the research Baluchistan Province of Iran in three districts showed that about 62 percent of farmers had of Zaboli, Sib, and Suran. The results showed an efficiency below 20 percent and only that the efficiency score of farmers was <1, about 15 percent of these farmers had a which indicates their efficiency. Efficiency technical efficiency of more than 80 percent. score was found to be 0.93, 0.92, and 0.95 per Behrouz and Emami Meybodi (2014) year in Zaboli, Sib, and Suran districts, measured the efficiency of watermelon respectively. Technological change was one of producers in 12 provinces of Iran using DEA. the most influential factors in changing the The results of this study showed that Sistan total productivity of agriculture. Galluzzo and Baluchestan and Hamadan Province are (2018) to assess afterward the enlargement the most efficient and non-efficient provinces of the European Union in 2007, the technical in the production of this product, efficiency by a non-parametric approach such respectively. Dahmardeh and Sardar Shahraki as the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), (2015) studied the factors affecting risk- using some findings and variables investi- taking and risk aversion among grape gated in the Farm Accountancy Data Network growers. They analyzed 265 grape farmers in annual survey since 2007 till 2015. Research three counties of Zabol, Hirmand, and Zahak findings have pointed out that specialized in the crop year of 2011-2012 using farms as dairy farms and granivores ones Stochastic Frontier Analysis, parametric have had the highest levels of technical effi- approach as SFA. Zabol, Hirmand, and Zahak ciency compared to mixed farms and wine counties are located in Sistan and Baluchistan farms. Karim and Sardar Shahraki (2019) Province of Iran. The results showed that the studied the performance of Khash township (4), 383-399, December 2020. cultivated areas are risk-reducing and risk- pomegranate producers with a increasing in Zabol and Zahak counties, labor comprehensive analysis of supercharged rental is risk-reducing in Zabol County, and performance. Khash is located in the Sistan animal manure is risk-reducing
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