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Public Disclosure Authorized Wastewater Treatment in Asian Cities Metropolitan Environmental Improvement Program January1996 91 ......................................................................................................................... ivsodsi a-PpnS FT.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. .blauq~ssu1~vz Xu*tuw.qlal Cr. uoyn1,tD7?|fi.poN ssaJoij pUD uO atuiSqni jyavpnjS .. uaiWuJvSau g.lumlt 6r.suiass~fg suawwatj XuynnpJdJ 6... ........................... n a.....itn, ,qd uozuas 6.......EL------------------------------------------------------ ................. uloyv"--. vtuwdq;slos3fJ suo ia ;vfl 9.............I pa4umsuM pudimunWuo ujnq 8 -----..................--------- sajoupug .................................. (dgIr) Qunpvlolnj wvaivisg ,vnwsnpui nJlDyDf g.----------------------------Daly Sfpn;gSXUnU?.u4 ................. vaiy fpnis i#vtia-ioopj ........---------------------------------------------- DalV Sppn2S 27nx l0-ygvIr}g- z .........................-------------------------------------- ............... sua1D D1g-D at I----------------------------@e6@....................................... uoi a poiju xx *---------------------------------------------------------------a°oN e119a puu IsIuXuojiaV 'suoi tiAaiqqV I!IA--................................................................................................................................... e,3 fiaaa IIA .................................................................................................................. ............ ploAtaao,, slualuoj jo alqujL, Centralized Sludge Treatment ..................................... 17 Hazardous Waste Management .................................... 17 What is Hazardous? Definitions and Standards ..................................... 17 Storage, Treatment, and Disposal ..................................... 17 Current Status in the Study Areas ..................................... 18 Ownership, Management, and Financing ...................................... 19 Private Sector Participation ...................................... 19 Institutional Arrangements ................................... 19 Industry Associations ................................... 20 Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) ................................... 20 Build-Own-Operate (BOO) ................................... 23 Government Ownership and Management ................................... 23 Cost Recovery and Tariff Structure ..................................... 24 The "Polluter-Pays-Principle" ..................................... 24 Assumptions ...................................... 25 Examples of Recommended Tariff Structure ..................................... 26 Ja-Ela Ekala (volumetric flow plus COD load) ...................................... 26 Ratmalana-Moratuwa (volumetricflow only) ...................................... 26 Regulatory Framework ..................................... 27 Monitoring and Enforcement of Standards ..................................... 27 Sri Lanka ....................................... 27 Indonesia ....................................... 29 Appendix A: Polluter Inventory ..................................... A-1 Appendix B: Cost Summary ..................................... B-1 Appendix C: Survey Site Maps ..................................... C-1 Figures Figure 2.1: Wastewater Contribution by 176 Industries in Mookervart ............................... 6 Figure 3.1: Typical Activated Sludge Process ..................................................................... 11 Figure 4.1: BOT Arrangement with the Government ............................................................ 21 Figure 4.2: Government Management Option ..................................................................... 23 Maps Map C.1: Sri Lanka: Feasibility Study for Industrial Wastewater Treatment ................ C-1 Map C.2: Sri Lanka: Feasibility Study for Industrial Wastewater Treatment-Ja-Ela Ekala Study Area ..................................................................... C-2 Map C.3: Indonesia: Feasibility Study for Industrial Wastewater Treatment ......... .......C-3 Map C.4: Indonesia: Feasibility Study for Industrial Wastewater Treatment ......... .......C-4 Wastewater Treatment in Asian Cities Tables Table 1.1: Recommended Wastewater Management Scenarios ............................................. 2 Table 2.1: Wastewater Contribution by 176 Industries in Mookervart ................................. 5 Table 2.2: Industry Types and Typical Effluents ..................................................................... 6 Table 2.3: Wastewater Contribution by 122 Industries In Cipinang .............. .......................7 Table 2.4: Wastewater Contribution by 239 Industries At JIEP ................ ............................7 Table 2.5: Per Capita Domestic Wastewater Generation ........................................................ 8 Table 3.1: Advantages and Disadvantages of Treatment Options ........................................ 11 Table 3.2: Centralized Joint Treatment ......................................................................... 12 Table 3.3: Investment Cost Relative to Treatment Plant Capacity ...................................... 13 Table 3.4: Required Pre-Treatment Before Discharging Into Collection and Centralized Treatment Systems: By Industry Types ......................................................................... 15 Table 3.5: Pretreatment Standards for Discharge of Industrial Effluents into a Joint Collection System ......................................................................... 16 Table 5.1: Tariff Structure Recommended for the Proposed Wastewater Treatment Plant in Ja-Ela Ekala .................................................................. 26 Table 5.2: Tariff Structure Recommended for the Proposed Wastewater Treatment Plant in Ratmalana-Moratuwa ..................................................................... 26 Table 6.1: General Standards for Discharge of Effluents into Inland Surface Waters ...... 28 Table 6.2: Effluent Standards Recommended by the Jakarta Study ................................... 29 Textboxes Box 4.1: Proposed Institutional Arrangement for Ja-Ela Ekala ........................................... 21 Box 4.2: Proposed Institutional Arrangement for Ratmalana-Moratuwa ........... ................22 Box 5.1: Tariff Structures in Practice and Cost Recovery Rates .......................................... 25 Foreword The UNDP-assisted, World Bank-executed Metro- Coordinator (NPC). The NPC coordinates all politan Environmental Improvement Program MEIP activities and is responsible for developing (MEIP) began work in 1990 in five Asian metro- the environmental network of government, private politan areas-Beijing, Bombay,Colombo, Jakarta, sector, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and Metro-Manila. In 1993, this intercountry pro- research institutions, and communities. MEIP sup- gram began its second phase and Kathmandu ports workshops, demonstration projects, and joined as the sixth MEIP city. By 1996, MEIP will community environmental actions, and links these enter its third phase-with multi-donor assis- growing environmental network efforts with gov- tance-and launch new programs in additional emient policy and investment initiatives. Asian cities. A further focus of MEIP is the exchange of ex- MEIP's mission is to assist Asian urban areas perience and sharing of information among MEIP tackle their rapidly growing environmental prob- cities. This has been carried out through a series of lems. The MEIP approach emphasizes the intercountry workshops that review the city work cross-sectoral nature of these problems and the programs, exchange useful experience, and de- failure of traditional sectoral development strate- velop intercountry projects. gies to adequately address urban environmental MEIP has established the city programs, set in deterioration or the linkage between industrial and motion a variety of city subprojects, and mobilized urban development. the intercountry exchange. MEIP publications are The work prograrn in each city is therefore intended to share insights and experiences devel- guided by Steering Committees and technical oped from the MEIP process and its projects. The working groups that reflect the cross-sectoral, in- MEIP city programs work independently, with teragency nature of urban environmental issues. each other, and with international partners to re- The policy and technical committees develop En- verse urban environmental degradation and pro- vironmental Management Strategies (EMS) for vide useful and replicable lessons in urban envi- their metropolitan regions; incorporate environ- ronmental
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