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World War One Blog February 1916 Adobe PDF (770.73 Irish Voices from the First World War a blog based on PRONI sources February 1916 On the 21 February the German army began a major offensive against the French City of Verdun. After initial German advances the French stabilised the position and a battle of attrition commenced which was to last until December. Document 1: Shaw family letters [D1962] Sammie Shaw from Portstewart was serving with the 10th Royal Inniskillen Fusiliers in France. His brother Willie was in the Royal Navy. My dear Mother Just a few lines to let you know I am well, I canǯt write so often now as we are very busy, We are in the trenches. We hear nothing but the roar of the artillery, bombs and trench mortars. I suppose you saw in the papers where Millar Hutton was home. Tell Jean I got her letter all right, she said I started ǮDear Sisterǯ and ended Ǯyour loving sonǯ. I intended the letters for you, but the writing on the back of the card put me wrong and the trenches is not the best place to write a letter in. One of our chaps got a letter from his sweet heart and she was on to him. Some of the boys were arguing which was the most dangerous street (trench) in our part of the line he told her in the letter by mistake... (18 February 1916) Document 2: Correspondence of Wilfrid and Lillian Spender [D1633/1/1] Captain Wilfrid Spender was a staff officer with 36th (Ulster) Division in France. His wife Lillian worked for the Divisional Welfare Fund in London. ... I am just back from the trenches where I have been with the 108th brigade from 9.30 till 3.30. A certain amount of shelling going on, some of it at the village where I was lying low. In one piece of the line there is a river with a marsh over which it is impossible to make trenches so that one has to patrol it. There is an old ruined mill halfway between the two lines and sometimes our men are first, sometimes the Germans. This is certainly exciting enough for anyone! - 2 ­ I found our men well though some of the officers seemed short of sleep and one hated worrying them. However, I think they realized that one really is trying to help and that is the main thing after all. (9 February 1916) ... Yesterday I byked out with one of the cyclist company officers. When I say 'byked', I use a euphemism, for ploughed would be nearer the mark as the mud continually filled up all the mudguards and had to be shaken out before the wheels could turn round. In this weather the cyclists do well if they complete five miles in the hour. [ ... ] A letter from Edmund which I must answer. He says, 'Except on Sea, we have done nothing to be proud of so far.' This is absolutely wrong and shows that most dangerous feeling of impatience of which I live in terror. If he could see opposite the rows and rows of German lines which they, with their forced labour and ruthless demolition for getting material are able to do; if he could see our trenches pounded as I did yesterday by 200 heavy shells, and yet held by our wonderful men so that the Germans don't dare to come on; if he could smell and feel the gas shells bursting near and have his eyes blinded for a week and his throat scorched, then he would realize what our men are doing. When you consider that the Germans were able to fire ten shells to our one, and what this means on the morale of our men and when you think of all the trench mortars, the gas, the flaming liquid fire, the devilish contrivances which they use against us, the wonders that our men are doing will be a little more apparent. [ ... ] You people at home have no idea of the awful odds we have been fighting against; the people have been fed on false optimistic reports, so that some of them may be cajoled into the ranks, when they begin to learn the truth. I will give you an example: one of our lines of about 750 yards is held by 160 men who for 96 hours are responsible alone for that length of line, for finding sentries day and night, keeping the parapets in repair, feeding etc. A thousand shells landed in their trench during one tour of duty and though few men were killed, you can imagine the strain especially at night with the enemy a few yards off getting ready to gas perhaps; mining going on underneath; part of the trench bombed from the air - we lost three yesterday in that way; keeping their wire in repair, a most ticklish operation at night with machine guns. That is their life on duty. Off duty they have four days in a village which has once been very heavily shelled and will one day be knocked to pieces. They - 3 ­ have to find working parties at night to repair the communication trenches, build new lines, a railway and then back to the trenches on the forth night. Occasionally a General wanting to get a name in the Press makes an attack and we attack on a front of a few miles - four or five - and capture the front system of trenches and get held up in a salient at the next line. Magnificent victory! ... Soldiers wearing winter issue goatskin jerkins, c1916 (T3942) I have shown you a page of the life of our men, but here am I in a big chateau with a French cook, sheets on my bed, and at night, save for being woken up by messages and the never-ending window rattling from the guns, one might be at home. I pay visits to the front almost daily, but it is nothing compared to those who feel and bear the strain day and night. (11 February 1916) ... Have been with the General till 2.30 pm walking round the trenches which after the storm were pretty bad. It is just all we can do to keep things going and prevent all the lines from falling in and becoming a quagmire and I really do not know how the Germans manage their labyrinth. In places we were up to our knees in mud and water, and there are great catch-water pits which are usually covered with wooden pathways, but as the pathways float off them when the trenches are full, they become traps of an almost dangerous description. There are some trenches that have fallen in so badly that one cannot use them, but so far the firing trench and at least our communication trench - 4 ­ up to it have been made wadeable, so that no-one is completely shut off. When I add that one of our men was drowned in a trench today, you will understand that things are pretty bad. To us going round in the morning, getting back to a change of clothes, a fire, and a hot lunch and wash, it is merely a picnic and good exercise, but you can imagine what it is to the men who for eight days on end are hard at it, sleeping by day in dugouts, and working at night in the pouring rain trying to get things going before the enemy's shells or the weather make things hopeless. They indeed are heroes, and my heart would be sad but for the approaching spring with its more bearable conditions. (16 February 1916) Document 3: Papers of Major General Oliver Nugent [D3835/E/12/4] Major General Oliver Nugent, of Farren Connell, Co Cavan, commanded the 36th (Ulster) Division from September 1915 until May 1918. His letters to his wife Kitty provide a vivid insight into the problems of command on the Western Front. ... I went up to the line yesterday and went on to a hill where one gets a good view of the German trenches. It was a very clear day without a cloud. There was a certain amount of shelling going on, but nothing came our way. I saw a German officer through my glass get out at the back of his trenches and walk up the whole length of a field. Of course he could not be seen from our trenches which were in the lower ground to where I was peering from. He was out of shot any how even if had a gun. I'll be able to ride to within safe distance of most of the trenches, which will be a good thing for my health and Acheux is at the top of a hill so there will be fresh air. It is quite a good piece of line and we are not overlooked by the Germans at all points as we used to be in the Ypres Salient ... (5 February 1916) ... Arthur and I went up to look at our second line today. I found some men walking about outside the communication trench and showing themselves, so I gave them a severe wigging. A little further on we found the mud so bad and so much water that after making quite sure we could not be seen by the men I had wigged, we climbed out - 5 ­ and continued our walk in the open ourselves. Today has been quiet but no doubt the Boche is preparing something unpleasant in return for our shelling of yesterday.
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