DOCSLIB.ORG

The Factors Which Lead to the Emergence of Terrorist Groups and Influence Their Structure

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Factors Which Lead to the Emergence of Terrorist Groups and Influence Their Structure University of Wollongong Research Online University of Wollongong Thesis Collection 1954-2016 University of Wollongong Thesis Collections 2015 The factors which lead to the emergence of terrorist groups and influence their structure Stuart C. Groombridge University of Wollongong Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.uow.edu.au/theses University of Wollongong Copyright Warning You may print or download ONE copy of this document for the purpose of your own research or study. The University does not authorise you to copy, communicate or otherwise make available electronically to any other person any copyright material contained on this site. You are reminded of the following: This work is copyright. Apart from any use permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part of this work may be reproduced by any process, nor may any other exclusive right be exercised, without the permission of the author. Copyright owners are entitled to take legal action against persons who infringe their copyright. A reproduction of material that is protected by copyright may be a copyright infringement. A court may impose penalties and award damages in relation to offences and infringements relating to copyright material. Higher penalties may apply, and higher damages may be awarded, for offences and infringements involving the conversion of material into digital or electronic form. Unless otherwise indicated, the views expressed in this thesis are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the University of Wollongong. Recommended Citation Groombridge, Stuart C., The factors which lead to the emergence of terrorist groups and influence their structure, Doctor of Philosophy thesis, School of Law, University of Wollongong, 2015. https://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/4906 Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: [email protected] Title Sheet THE FACTORS WHICH LEAD TO THE EMERGENCE OF TERRORIST GROUPS AND INFLUENCE THEIR STRUCTURE *A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY From UNIVERSITY OF WOLLONGONG By STUART C. GROOMBRIDGE, Bachelor Engineering (Computer) UOW, Post Grad Cert (Strategic Intelligence) QUT, Master of Justice (Strategic Intelligence) QUT SCHOOL OF LAW 2015 Stuart Groombridge 1 22/02/2017 Student Number: 8505097 University of Wollongong School of Law CERTIFICATION I, Stuart C. Groombridge, declare that this thesis, submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Doctor of Philosophy, in the Faculty of Law, Humanities and the Arts, School of Law, University of Wollongong, is wholly my own work unless otherwise referenced or acknowledged. The document has not been submitted for qualifications at any other academic institution. (Signature) Stuart C. Groombridge 20 October 2016 Stuart Groombridge 2 22/02/2017 Student Number: 8505097 University of Wollongong School of Law Acknowledgements If I had known 9 years ago that doing a Doctorate part time would take me 9 years to complete, I would not have started. During this time, I have had to manage competing agendas of family, work, and study, which at times have not been as compatible as one would like. I would like to acknowledge, this research has been conducted with the support of the Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship I would also like to acknowledge the support, advice, assistance, and perseverance of my Supervisor Professor Adam Dolnik, over the duration of the doctorate. I would also like to acknowledge the patience and understanding displayed by my wife Mrs Karen Groombridge during the long period of study. Further, I would like to thank her and my mother Mrs Maureen Groombridge for proof reading the thesis prior to submission. I would also like to thank my brother Dr Paul Groombridge who also provided some support by proof reading sections of the thesis. I would also like to specially thank Ms Angela Bendeich and my wife Karen for conducting the final proof reading prior to final submission. I would like to thank my employer who has supported this process, specifically my managers Ms Leah Nicholson, Mr Carl Giampietro, Ms Kerryn Fowler, and Ms Angela West who approved my leave applications and pushed me to finish. Finally, I would like to acknowledge my grandchildren who have sacrificed much time with their grandfather, so I could work on this Doctorate. I would also like to mention my oldest grandson, Jayden, who was only a few weeks old when I started this process and was at my proposal presentation at the start. Stuart Groombridge 3 22/02/2017 Student Number: 8505097 University of Wollongong School of Law Contents Abstract ...................................................................................................................... 12 Chapter 1 – Introduction ............................................................................................ 14 Chapter 2 – Definitions and key concepts ................................................................. 17 Defining Terrorism .................................................................................................. 17 Defining the Environment ....................................................................................... 22 Defining the Environmental variables ................................................................. 23 Definitions of the PESTELO variables ................................................................... 24 Defining Homophily ................................................................................................ 27 The role of social affinity or homophily in group formation ............................... 27 Definition of the Homophyllic Variables ............................................................. 34 Radicalisation, value homophily and attitudes towards violence ....................... 37 Defining Radicalisation ............................................................................................ 38 Defining the scales of Radicalisation ................................................................... 41 Definitions of Radicalisation and the Scales of Radicalisation ............................ 42 Defining Group Typology ........................................................................................ 43 Chapter 3 – Literature Review and Research Questions ........................................... 48 The Emergence of Terrorist Groups........................................................................ 48 State of Current Research on Radicalisation and factors leading to terrorist group emergence ................................................................................................ 48 Communications .................................................................................................. 54 The role of leadership .......................................................................................... 55 Summary .............................................................................................................. 61 Hypothesis ........................................................................................................... 62 Variables .............................................................................................................. 62 Stuart Groombridge 4 22/02/2017 Student Number: 8505097 University of Wollongong School of Law Influences on the Size of Terrorist Groups ............................................................. 63 The Logistic Equation and its influence on group size ........................................ 64 Summary .............................................................................................................. 65 Hypothesis ........................................................................................................... 66 Variables .............................................................................................................. 66 Influences on the Structure of Terrorist Groups .................................................... 66 Environment and Network Structure .................................................................. 66 Cognitive limits .................................................................................................... 68 Emergence of Structure....................................................................................... 72 Summary .............................................................................................................. 78 Hypothesis ........................................................................................................... 79 Variables .............................................................................................................. 79 Chapter 4 – Modelling Terrorist Groups as Complex Adaptive Systems ................... 80 An introductory background to Complexity Theory ............................................... 80 Terrorist Groups as a Complex Adaptive System ................................................... 81 Emergence and Self-organising .............................................................................. 84 Emergence ........................................................................................................... 84 Self-Organising..................................................................................................... 95 Summary ..............................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Weather Underground Rises from the Ashes: They're Baack!
    Weather Underground Rises from the Ashes: They're Baack! I attended part of a January 20, 2006, "day workshop of interventions" — aka "a day of dialogic interventions" — at Columbia University on "Radical Politics and the Ethics of Life."[1] The event aimed "to stage a series of encounters . to bring to light . the political aporias [sic] erected by the praxis of urban guerrilla groups" in Europe and the United States from the 1960s to the 80s.[2] Hosted by Columbia's Anthropology Department, workshop speakers included veterans and leaders of the Weather Underground Bernardine Dohrn and Bill Ayers, historian Jeremy Varon, poststructuralist theorist Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak and a dozen others. The panel I sat through was just awful.[3] Veterans of Weather (as well as some fans) seem to be on a drive to rehabilitate, cleanse, and perhaps revive it — not necessarily as a new organization, but rather as an ideological component of present and future movements. There have been signs of such a sanitization and romanticization for some time. A landmark in this rehabilitation is Bill Ayers, Fugitive Days: A Memoir (Beacon Press 2001; Penguin Books 2003). This is a dubious account, full of anachronisms, inaccuracies, unacknowledged borrowings from unnamed sources (such as the documentary, Atomic Cafe, 17-19), adding up to an attempt to cover over the fact that Ayers was there only for a part of the things he describes in a volume that nonetheless presents itself as a memoir. It's also faux literary and soft core ("warm and wet and welcoming"(68)), "ruby mouth"(38), "she felt warm and moist"(81)), full of archaic sexism, littered with boasts of Ayers's sexual achievements, utterly untouched by feminism.
    [Show full text]
  • The Politics of Revolutionary Anti-Imperialism
    FIRE THE POLITICS OF REVOLUTIONARY ANTI-IMPERIALISM ---- - ... POLITICAL STATEMENT OF THE UND£ $1.50 Prairie Fire Distributing Lo,rnrrntte:e This edition ofPrairie Fire is published and copyrighted by Communications Co. in response to a written request from the authors of the contents. 'rVe have attempted to produce a readable pocket size book at a re'ls(m,tbl.e cost. Weare printing as many as fast as limited resources allow. We hope that people interested in Revolutionary ideas and events will morc and better editions possible in the future. (And that this edition at least some extent the request made by its authors.) PO Box 411 Communications Co. Times Plaza Sta. PO Box 40614, Sta. C Brooklyn, New York San FrancisQ:O, Ca. 11217 94110 Quantity rates upon request to Peoples' Bookstores and Community organiza- tlOBS. PRAIRIE FIRE THE POLITICS OF REVOLUTIONARY ANTI-IMPERIALISM POLITICAL STATEMENT , OF THE WEATHER Copyright © 1974 by Communications Co. UNDERGROUND All rights reserved The pUblisher's copyright is not intended to discourage the use ofmaterial from this book for political debate and study. It is intended to prevent false and distorted reproduction and profiteering. Aside from those limits, people are free to utilize the material. This edition is a copy of the original which was Printed Underground In the US For The People Published by Communications Co. 1974 +h(~ of OlJr(1)mYl\Q~S tJ,o ~Q.Ve., ~·Ir tllJ€~ it) #i s\-~~\~ 'Yt)l1(ch ~, \~ 10 ~~\ d~~~ee.' l1~rJ 1I'bw~· reU'w) ~it· e\rrp- f'0nit'l)o yralt· ~YZlpmu>I')' ca~-\e.v"C2lmp· ~~ ~[\.ll10' ~li~ ~n.
    [Show full text]
  • John F. Morrison Phd Thesis
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by St Andrews Research Repository 'THE AFFIRMATION OF BEHAN?' AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE POLITICISATION PROCESS OF THE PROVISIONAL IRISH REPUBLICAN MOVEMENT THROUGH AN ORGANISATIONAL ANALYSIS OF SPLITS FROM 1969 TO 1997 John F. Morrison A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of PhD at the University of St Andrews 2010 Full metadata for this item is available in Research@StAndrews:FullText at: http://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/ Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3158 This item is protected by original copyright ‘The Affirmation of Behan?’ An Understanding of the Politicisation Process of the Provisional Irish Republican Movement Through an Organisational Analysis of Splits from 1969 to 1997. John F. Morrison School of International Relations Ph.D. 2010 SUBMISSION OF PHD AND MPHIL THESES REQUIRED DECLARATIONS 1. Candidate’s declarations: I, John F. Morrison, hereby certify that this thesis, which is approximately 82,000 words in length, has been written by me, that it is the record of work carried out by me and that it has not been submitted in any previous application for a higher degree. I was admitted as a research student in September 2005 and as a candidate for the degree of Ph.D. in May, 2007; the higher study for which this is a record was carried out in the University of St Andrews between 2005 and 2010. Date 25-Aug-10 Signature of candidate 2. Supervisor’s declaration: I hereby certify that the candidate has fulfilled the conditions of the Resolution and Regulations appropriate for the degree of Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • Terrorism and Political Violence Who Were The
    This article was downloaded by: [University College London] On: 28 July 2014, At: 04:40 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Terrorism and Political Violence Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/ftpv20 Who Were the Volunteers? The Shifting Sociological and Operational Profile of 1240 Provisional Irish Republican Army Members Paul Gill a & John Horgan b a Department of Security and Crime Science , University College London , London , UK b International Center for the Study of Terrorism, The Pennsylvania State University, State College , Pennsylvania , USA Published online: 14 Jun 2013. To cite this article: Paul Gill & John Horgan (2013) Who Were the Volunteers? The Shifting Sociological and Operational Profile of 1240 Provisional Irish Republican Army Members, Terrorism and Political Violence, 25:3, 435-456, DOI: 10.1080/09546553.2012.664587 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2012.664587 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Versions of published Taylor & Francis and Routledge Open articles and Taylor & Francis and Routledge Open Select articles posted to institutional or subject repositories or any other third-party website are without warranty from Taylor & Francis of any kind, either expressed or implied, including, but not limited to, warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, or non- infringement.
    [Show full text]
  • Bernardine Dohrn
    Bernardine Dorhn: Never the Good Girl, Not Then, not Now: An Interview By Jonah Raskin Who doesn’t have a reaction to the name and the reputation of Bernadine Dohrn? Is there anyone over the age of 60 who doesn’t remember her role at the outrageous Days of Rage demonstrations, her picture on FBI “wanted posters,” or her dramatic surrender to law enforcement officials in Chicago after a decade as a fugitive? To former members of SDS, anti-war activists, Yippies, Black Panthers, White Panthers, women’s liberationists, along with students and scholars of Weatherman and the Weather Underground, she probably needs no introduction. Sam Green featured her in his award-winning 2002 film, The Weather Underground. Todd Gitlin added to her iconic stature in his benchmark cultural history, The Sixties, though he was never on her side of the ideological splits or she on his. Dozens of books about the long decade of defiance have documented and mythologized Dohrn’s role as an American radical. Of course, her flamboyant husband and long-time partner, Bill Ayers, has been at her side for decades, aiding and abetting her much of the time, and adding to her legendary renown and notoriety. Born in 1942, and a diligent student at the University of Chicago, she attended law school there and in the late 1960s “stepped out of the role of the good girl," as she once put it. She has never really stepped back into it again, though she’s been a wife, a mother, and a professional woman for more years than she was a street fighting woman.
    [Show full text]
  • A Comparative Study of Extremism Within Nationalist Movements
    A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EXTREMISM WITHIN NATIONALIST MOVEMENTS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM AND SPAIN by Ashton Croft Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Departmental Honors in the Department of History Texas Christian University Fort Worth, Texas 22 April 2019 Croft 1 A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EXTREMISM WITHIN NATIONALIST MOVEMENTS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM AND SPAIN Project Approved: Supervising Professor: William Meier, Ph.D. Department of History Jodi Campbell, Ph.D. Department of History Eric Cox, Ph.D. Department of Political Science Croft 2 ABSTRACT Nationalism in nations without statehood is common throughout history, although what nationalism leads to differs. In the cases of the United Kingdom and Spain, these effects ranged in various forms from extremism to cultural movements. In this paper, I will examine the effects of extremists within the nationalism movement and their overall effects on societies and the imagined communities within the respective states. I will also compare the actions of extremist factions, such as the Irish Republican Army (IRA), the Basque Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (ETA), and the Scottish National Liberation Army (SNLA), and examine what strategies worked for the various nationalist movements at what points, as well as how the movements connected their motives and actions to historical memory. Many of the groups appealed to a wider “imagined community” based on constructing a shared history of nationhood. For example, violence was most effective when it directly targeted oppressors, but it did not work when civilians were harmed. Additionally, organizations that tied rhetoric and acts back to actual histories of oppression or of autonomy tended to garner more widespread support than others.
    [Show full text]
  • Aequitas 13 (2019)
    [TÍTULO DEL DOCUMENTO] Manuela F [NOMBRE DE LA EMPRESA] [Dirección de la compañía] REVISTA AEQUITAS ESTUDIOS SOBRE HISTORIA, DERECHO E INSTITUCIONES CONSEJO DE DIRECCIÓN Director: Enrique San Miguel Pérez (Universidad Rey Juan Carlos). Secretaria: Erika Prado Rubio (Universidad Rey Juan Carlos). Vicesecretarios: Francesca de Rosa (Univ. Degli Studi Federico II de Nápoles) ; Stefano Vinci (Univ. Aldo Moro, de Bari). Vocales: Leandro Martínez Peñas (Universidad Rey Juan Carlos); Rocío Velasco de Castro (Universidad de Extremadura) ; Yolanda Blasco Gil (Universidad de Valencia). COMITÉ CIENTÍFICO Dolores Álamo Martell (Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria); Ileana del Bagno (Universidad de Salerno, Italia); Dario Luongo (Universidad de Napoli Parthenope, Italia); Aniceto Masferrer (Universidad de Valencia); Francesco Mastroberti (Universidad de Bari Aldo Moro, Italia); Isabelle Poutrin (Universidad de ParísEst Créteil, Francia); Nicole Reinhardt (Universidad de Durham, Reino Unido); Dolores Mar Sánchez González (Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia); Fernando Suárez Bilbao (Universidad Rey Juan Carlos); Jesús Francisco de la Teja (Texas State University, Estados Unidos); PANEL DE REVISORES Beatriz Badorrey (UNED) Judit Beke Martos (Ruhr University of Bochum, Alemania) Elena Díaz Galán (Universidad Rey Juan Carlos) Juan Carlos Domínguez (Universidad San Pablo- CEU) Armando De Martino (Universidad degli Studi Federico II de Nápoles, Italia) Manuela Fernández Rodríguez (Universidad Rey Juan Carlos) Óscar Flores (Universidad de
    [Show full text]
  • Monthly Review Press Catalog, 2011
    PAID PAID Social Structure RIPON, WI and Forms of NON-PROFIT U.S. POSTAGE U.S. POSTAGE Consciousness ORGANIZATION ORGANIZATION PERMIT NO. 100 volume ii The Dialectic of Structure and History István Mészáros Class Dismissed WHY WE CANNOT TEACH OR LEARN OUR WAY OUT OF INEQUALITY John Marsh JOSÉ CARLOS MARIÁTEGUI an anthology MONTHLY REVIEW PRESS Harry E. Vanden and Marc Becker editors and translators the story of the center for constitutional rights How Venezuela and Cuba are Changing the World’s Conception of Health Care the people’s RevolutionaRy lawyer DOCTORS 2011 Albert Ruben Steve Brouwer WHAT EVERY ENVIRONMENTALIST NEEDS TO KNOW ABOUT CAPITALISM JOHN BELLAMY FOSTER FRED MAGDOFF monthly review press review monthly #6W 29th Street, 146 West NY 10001 New York, www.monthlyreview.org 2011 MRP catalog:TMOI.qxd 1/4/2011 3:49 PM Page 1 THE DEVIL’S MILK A Social History of Rubber JOHN TULLY From the early stages of primitivehistory accu- mulation“ to the heights of the industrial revolution and beyond, rubber is one of a handful of commodities that has played a crucial role in shaping the modern world, and yet, as John Tully shows in this remarkable book, laboring people around the globe have every reason to THE DEVIL’S MILK regard it as “the devil’s milk.” All the A S O C I A L H I S T O R Y O F R U B B E R advancements made possible by rubber have occurred against a backdrop of seemingly endless exploitation, con- quest, slavery, and war.
    [Show full text]
  • Monitoring the Peace? : Northern Ireland's 1975 Ceasefire Incident Centres and the Politicisation of Sinn Féin
    Dr Tony Craig March 2013 [email protected] Monitoring the Peace? : Northern Ireland’s 1975 ceasefire incident centres and the politicisation of Sinn Féin. During the Provisional IRA’s (PIRA) 1975 ceasefire, two different sets of incident centres were established across Northern Ireland in order to monitor and avert escalation of violence between Republicans and Security Forces. While one group of these offices were run by the Northern Ireland Office (NIO) and administered by clerks in the Northern Ireland Civil Service, very quickly Sinn Féin (taking advantage of their decriminalisation in 1974) established their own incident centres to coordinate their communication with the government. This article argues that the establishment of the Sinn Féin incident centres set a precedent for the future political activity of the Provisional Republican Movement; that their activity during the 1975 ceasefire played an important formative role in the evolution of the group’s political strategy; and that this experience, acquired from the work done during the 1975 truce, was of far greater influence than is appreciated in current accounts. The period surrounding the PIRA’s 1975 ceasefire has recently become the site of a large amount of new research due in equal measure to the availability of new archive resources1 as well as the rich comparisons that can be drawn between this failed ceasefire and the PIRA’s later attempts in 1994 and 1996.2 The emphasis of the new studies has often been to look in detail at the talks between the British Government
    [Show full text]
  • DOC 501 Prairie Fire Organizing Committee/John Brown Book Club
    DOC 501 Prairie Fire Organizing Committee/John Brown Book Club Prairie Fire Organizing Committee Publications Date Range Organizational Body Subjects Formats General Description of Publication 1976-1995 Prairie Fire Organizing Prison, Political Prisoners, Human Rights, Black liberation, Periodicals, Publications by John Brown Book Club include Breakthrough, Committee/John Brown Book Chicano, Education, Gay/Lesbian, Immigration, Indigenous pamphlets political journal of Prairie Fire Organizing Committee (PFOC), Club struggle, Middle East, Militarism, National Liberation, Native published from 1977 to 1995; other documents published by American, Police, Political Prisoners, Prison, Women, AIDS, PFOC Anti-imperialism, Anti-racism, Anti-war, Apartheid, Aztlan, Black August, Clandestinity, COINTELPRO, Colonialism, Gender, High School, Kurds, Egypt, El Salvador, Eritrea, Feminism, Gentrification, Haiti, Israel, Nicaragua, Palestine, Puerto Rico, Racism, Resistance, Soviet Union/Russia, Zimbabwe, Philippines, Male Supremacy, Weather Underground Organization, Namibia, East Timor, Environmental Justice, Bosnia, Genetic Engineering, White Supremacy, Poetry, Gender, Environment, Health Care, Eritrea, Cuba, Burma, Hawai'i, Mexico, Religion, Africa, Chile, For other information about Prairie Fire Organizing Committee see the website pfoc.org [doesn't exist yet]. Freedom Archives [email protected] DOC 501 Prairie Fire Organizing Committee/John Brown Book Club Prairie Fire Organizing Committee Publications Keywords Azania, Torture, El Salvador,
    [Show full text]
  • Irlandssaken I Norsk Solidaritetsarbeid
    Irlandssaken i norsk solidaritetsarbeid Harald Strandbakken Institutt for arkeologi, konservering og historie UNIVERSITETET I OSLO Høst 2018 1 ©Forfatter 2018 Tittel: Irlandssaken i norsk solidaritetsarbeid Forfatter: Harald Strandbakken http://www.duo.uio.no/ Trykk: Reprosentralen, Universitetet i Oslo 2 Sammendrag På 1970-tallet var venstresiden fremgangsrik, både internasjonalt og i Norge, og det det ble drevet med store mengder politisk aktivisme. En av formene for politisk aktivisme man drev med var solidaritetsarbeid for mennesker og organisasjoner i andre land. Dette arbeidet var organisert i komiteer og fronter. Det ble jobbet mest mot land i den tredje verden, for eksempel Vietnam, men man drev også solidaritetsbevegelser for europeiske land, blant annet Portugal. Samtidig med denne fremgangsrike perioden for venstresiden var Nord-Irland rammet av en etno-nasjonal konflikt kjent som The Troubles. En av de mest ukjente solidaritetsbevegelsene i Norge var den som jobbet med solidaritet for Irland. Det eksisterte to organisasjoner som jobbet med dette, Irlandsfronten og Irlandskomiteen. Denne masteroppgaven handler om disse gruppene sin historie, hvordan de vokste frem og hva slags typer aktivisme de drev med. 3 Innhold: Forside s. 1 Tittelblad s. 2 Sammendrag s. 3 Kapittel 1 Innledning: Problemstillinger s. 6 IRA, ml-bevegelsen og norske solidaritetsorganisasjoner s. 7 Andre norske aktører s. 7 Tidligere forskning s. 8 Avgrensing s. 9 Kapittel 2 Irland, The Troubles og ml-bevegelsen: Anglo-irsk historie og tidlig irsk motstand s. 11 Religiøse grupper i Irland s. 13 1922-1969 s. 13 The Troubles s. 14 IRA og Sinn Fein s. 17 Den Offisielle Bevegelsen og IRSP s. 18 Oransjeordenen s.
    [Show full text]
  • Resistant Spirit: a Tribute to Marilyn Buck
    TRIBUTE TO POLITICAL PRISONER MARILYN BUCK FEATURING MITSUYE YAMADA WRITER POET STRAIGHT OUT SCRIBES STAAJABU AND VS CHOCHEZI POET FOR THE PEOPLE NELLIE WONGPOET ACTIVIST MUSIC BY TROUBLEMAKERS UNION BENEFIT RAFFLE JERICHO 98 CERAMIC SCULPTURE BY MARILYN TO RAISE FUNDS FOR HER EDUCATIONAL AND LEGAL EXPENSES AND SUPPORT OTHER POLITICAL PRISONERS SUNDAY JANUARY 24 1999 2OO5OOPM LA PEFIA CULTURAL CENTER 3105 SHATTUCK AVE4BERKELEY DONATION NO ONE TURNED AWAY MARILYN BUCK LONGTIME ACTIVIST FOR SOCIAL JUSTICE IS POLITICAL PRISONER IN FEDERAL PRISON IN DUBLIN CA FROM HER TEEN INVOLVEMENT IN ANTIRACIST ORGANIZING IN TEXAS SHE DEEPENED HER COMMITMENT TO THE BLACK LIBERATION MOVEMENT AND OPPOSITION TO THE VIETNAM WAR THROUGH SDS THIRD WORLD NEWSREEL AND WORKWITH THE BLACK PANTHER IS SERVING AN 80 YEAR SENTENCE FOR CONSPIRACY AND AIDING THE ESCAPE OF ASSATA SHAKUR SHE IS POET PEN AWARD WINNER AND SCULPTOR IN PRISON SHE CONTINUES HER ACTIVISM WRITING AND STUDIES SPONSORED BY FRIENDS OF MARILYN BUCK DO LSPC 100 MCALLISTER STREET SAN FRANCISCO CA 94102 ISPCIGCORG WWW IN JUNE JORDANS FOR IN THIS MARILYN BUCKS SCULPTURE JERICHO 98 ATED AND PARTICIPATES POETRY ACCOMPLISHING JOSHUAS THE REFLECTS HER OWN SPIRIT LIKE THE BLAST OF PEOPLE WORKSHOP PART OF THE OF THE RAFFLE WILL FOR TU HORN HER LIFE HAS LONG BEEN DIRECTED AT BLOWING PROCEEDS GO IN HAS BEEN ITION AND BOOKS AID THAT IS NEEDED THIS DOWN THE WALLS OF OPPRESSION SHE BEGAN HER ANTI FOR THE PAST FIVE YEARS MARILYN URGENTLY OHIO TIME OF EDUCATIONAL SOME RACIST ACTIVISM AS TEEN IN TEXAS ORGANIZED AGAINST
    [Show full text]